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1
Li, Peijia, Dongqiang Hou, Hongxia Zhao, Hairui Wang, Kai Peng, and Junming Cao. "Dietary Clostridium butyricum Improves Growth Performance and Resistance to Ammonia Stress in Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (June 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6965174.
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The effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum (CB) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, tight junction proteins, and immune-related gene mRNA levels in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were investigated. The fish were fed with diets containing 0 (control, CB0), 4.8 × 10 6 (CB1), 4.5 × 10 7 (CB2), 5.1 × 10 8 (CB3), and 3.6 × 10 9 (CB4) CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum for 56 days followed by a 72 h ammonia challenge. The results showed that significantly higher final weight, specific growth rate, body length, and intestinal weight were observed in fish fed with CB diets ( P < 0.05 ). The fish fed with CB1, CB2, and CB3 diets had significantly higher intestinal length, propionic acid concentration, and alkaline phosphatase activity and significantly lower feed conversion ratio than those in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Significantly higher concentrations of butyric acid and valeric acid and significantly lower malondialdehyde content were observed in CB4 than in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Intestosomatic index, villus length, villus width, intestinal protease, Na+/K+-ATPase, and creatine kinase activities were significantly increased in CB2 or CB3 than in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Fish in CB2 or CB3 had significantly lower content of interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 and relative expression of interleukin 1 (Il-1), interleukin 8 (Il-8), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (Nf-κb) compared to that in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Dietary CB significantly decreased the relative expression of myosin light chain kinase (Mlck) (P <0.05). Significantly higher relative expressions of claudin-1, zonula occludens protein-1, and occludin were observed in CB2, CB3, and CB4 compared to CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Fish in CB0 had higher CMR than that in CB2, CB3, and CB4 under ammonia nitrogen stress for 48 and 72 h ( P < 0.05 ). Dietary Clostridium butyricum improved growth performance and resistance to ammonia stress in yellow catfish by increasing intestinal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) productions, upregulating genes encoding tight junction proteins, downregulating transcription of proinflammatory factors Il-1 and Il-8, and inhibiting the Mlck/Nf-κb signaling pathway.
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Pushkar, Svetlana. "Life-Cycle Assessment of the Substitution of Sand with Coal Bottom Ash in Concrete: Two Concrete Design Methods." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173620.
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Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to evaluate the replacement of sand with coal bottom ash (CBA) in concrete. CBA is a byproduct of coal-fueled electricity production. Sand was replaced with CBA at proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt.%, and the resultant concretes were denoted as CBA0, CBA25, CBA50, CBA75, and CBA100, respectively. Two concrete mixture design methods (that resulted in different component qualities of concrete mixtures) were used: (i) Mixture with a fixed slump (MIX-fixed-SLUMP) and (ii) mixture with a fixed water/cement ratio (MIX-fixed-W/C). The ReCiPe2016 midpoint and single score (six methodological options) methods were followed to compare the environmental damage caused by the CBA-based concretes. The ReCiPe2016 results showed that replacing sand with CBA was environmentally (i) beneficial with the MIX-fixed-SLUMP design and (ii) harmful with the MIX-fixed-W/C design. Therefore, using CBA as a partial sand replacement in concrete production is a controversial issue as it highly depends on the concrete mixture design method.
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Saelman, EU, LF Horton, MJ Barnes, HR Gralnick, KM Hese, HK Nieuwenhuis, PG de Groot, and JJ Sixma. "Platelet adhesion to cyanogen-bromide fragments of collagen alpha 1(I) under flow conditions." Blood 82, no. 10 (November 15, 1993): 3029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.10.3029.3029.
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Abstract The aim of this investigation was to identify domains of collagen type I that can support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Four cyanogen bromide (CB) fragments composing 87% of the collagen alpha 1(I)-chain were studied under static and flow conditions. Under static conditions, bovine and human collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 induced aggregate formation, whereas alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 supported adhesion of dendritic and contact platelets. Bovine alpha 1(I)CB6 weakly supported platelet adhesion. At shear rate 300/s, collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 strongly supported platelet adhesion, whereas lower platelet adhesion was observed to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. The fragment alpha 1(I)CB6 did not support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was completely inhibited by a low concentration (0.6 IgG microgram/mL) of anti-GPIa monoclonal antibody (MoAb), whereas this concentration of antibody partially inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. At higher concentrations (3 micrograms/mL) the anti-glycoprotein Ia (GPIa) antibody completely inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB8 and further reduced adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7. Platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 was strongly inhibited by an anti-GPIb MoAb. A MoAb against the GPIb-binding site of von Willebrand factor (vWF) strongly inhibited platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8, whereas platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was not inhibited. We conclude that under flow conditions alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 support GPIa/IIa-dependent platelet adhesion. The GPIb-vWF interaction is important under flow conditions for adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 and probably also to alpha 1(I)CB3.
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Saelman, EU, LF Horton, MJ Barnes, HR Gralnick, KM Hese, HK Nieuwenhuis, PG de Groot, and JJ Sixma. "Platelet adhesion to cyanogen-bromide fragments of collagen alpha 1(I) under flow conditions." Blood 82, no. 10 (November 15, 1993): 3029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.10.3029.bloodjournal82103029.
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The aim of this investigation was to identify domains of collagen type I that can support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Four cyanogen bromide (CB) fragments composing 87% of the collagen alpha 1(I)-chain were studied under static and flow conditions. Under static conditions, bovine and human collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 induced aggregate formation, whereas alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 supported adhesion of dendritic and contact platelets. Bovine alpha 1(I)CB6 weakly supported platelet adhesion. At shear rate 300/s, collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 strongly supported platelet adhesion, whereas lower platelet adhesion was observed to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. The fragment alpha 1(I)CB6 did not support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was completely inhibited by a low concentration (0.6 IgG microgram/mL) of anti-GPIa monoclonal antibody (MoAb), whereas this concentration of antibody partially inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. At higher concentrations (3 micrograms/mL) the anti-glycoprotein Ia (GPIa) antibody completely inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB8 and further reduced adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7. Platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 was strongly inhibited by an anti-GPIb MoAb. A MoAb against the GPIb-binding site of von Willebrand factor (vWF) strongly inhibited platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8, whereas platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was not inhibited. We conclude that under flow conditions alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 support GPIa/IIa-dependent platelet adhesion. The GPIb-vWF interaction is important under flow conditions for adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 and probably also to alpha 1(I)CB3.
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Golden, H. W., G. L. Crean, D. A. Iacuzio, and I. G. Otterness. "Effect of disodium cromoglycate on cutaneous basophil anaphylaxis." Journal of Immunology 137, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.137.5.1495.
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Abstract Cutaneous basophil anaphylaxis (CBA) was elicited by intradermal rechallenge of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) sites in guinea pigs sensitized 7 days previously with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The antiallergy agent disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), administered i.v. immediately before rechallenge, inhibited the increased vasopermeability (measured by tissue dye uptake) and basophil degranulation (measured by light microscopic counts of intact basophils) characteristic of the CBA reaction. The antihistamine mepyramine, administered orally, inhibited vasopermeability but not basophil degranulation. The component contributed by DSCG inhibition of mast cell degranulation to the overall inhibition of the reaction was found to be minimal, since intact mast cells were found to be depleted at CBH sites and totally absent at CBA sites from animals treated with DSCG. Electron microscopic examination of basophils at CBA sites from DSCG-treated animals revealed the presence of ruffled perigranular membranes and enlarged perigranular spaces, but both the formation of degranulation sacs and the subsequent fusion of granule sac membranes with the plasma membrane were inhibited. DSCG also inhibited the vasopermeability and basophil degranulation of the CBA reaction elicited by KLH at day 14 and by C5a at day 7. When a basophil-enriched leucocyte preparation from KLH-sensitized guinea pigs was studied in vitro, DSCG inhibited both antigen-induced and C5a-induced basophil degranulation at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M. DSCG failed to inhibit the vasopermeability and the mast cell degranulation produced by either intradermal C5a or intradermal compound 48/80. These results indicate that anaphylactic degranulation of basophils, but not mast cells, is inhibited by DSCG in the guinea pig. This inhibition appears to take place independent of stimulus at an early stage of granule membrane fusion.
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Shi, Tiebing, Jiandong Li, and Chi Lo Lim. "Host country consumers’ brand attitudes after cross-border acquisitions." Journal of Product & Brand Management 26, no. 6 (September 18, 2017): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2015-0909.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate factors impacting host country consumers’ attitudes toward acquirers’ corporate brands and target brands after cross-border acquisitions (CBAs). Design/methodology/approach Surveys were conducted with US consumers using two fictitious CBA scenarios in the automobile industry. Findings Consumer ethnocentric tendencies (CETs) are negatively related to attitudes toward a CBA event; attitudes toward a CBA event are positively related to post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand; brand-image fit is positively related to attitudes toward a CBA event, and post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand and the target brand; post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand and the target brand are positively related. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in the sample, analysis approaches, context and factors examined. Future research could use more representative samples and both quantitative and qualitative methodologies; conduct more tests; examine real CBAs in different industries and countries; and investigate effects of other factors affecting attitudes toward the CBA event and post-CBA brand attitudes. Practical implications Managers should consider CETs and brand-image fit and strategically influence attitudes toward a CBA event and post-CBA brand attitudes. Originality/value It investigates the mediating effect of attitudes toward a CBA event on the relationship between CETs and post-CBA attitudes toward the acquirer's corporate brand and the effects of brand-image fit on attitudes toward a CBA event and post-CBA brand attitudes.
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Billingsley, K. A., S. M. Backus, and O. P. Ward. "Production of metabolites from chlorobiphenyls by resting cells ofPseudomonasstrain LB400 after growth on different carbon sources." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-217.
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Cells of Pseudomonas strain LB400, grown on biphenyl, glucose, or glycerol, transformed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners into chlorobenzoic acid (CBA) metabolites. Transformation of the PCB congeners, 2,3-chlorobiphenyl (CBP), 2,2'-CBP, 2,5,4'-CBP, and 2,4,2',4'-CBP, produced the metabolites, 2,3-CBA, 2-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,4-CBA, respectively. Rates and extents of PCB transformation and metabolite formation were highest with biphenyl-grown cells. Intermediate rates of metabolite production were observed with glycerol-grown cells, and lowest rates of production were found with glucose-grown cells. Regardless of carbon source, the rate of degradation of congeners was faster than the rate of production of CBAs. Relative rates of PCB transformation and metabolite production from different congeners with cells grown on a particular substrate followed the same general order, 2,3-CBA (from 2,3-CBP) > 2-CBA (from 2,2'-CBP) > 4-CBA (from 2,5,4'-CBP) > 2,4-CBA (from 2,4,2',4'-CBP). Pseudomonas strain LB400 appeared unable to grow on any of the chlorobenzoic acids. However, Pseudomonas strain LB400 cells grown on biphenyl appeared capable of degrading 2-CBA and 2,3-CBA but not 4-CBA nor 2,4-CBA. Cells grown on glycerol appeared unable to metabolize any CBAs.Key words: polychlorinated biphenyls, metabolites, Pseudomonas LB400.
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Park, Ji-Hun, Seung-Tae Jeong, Quang-The Bui, and In-Hwan Yang. "Strength and Permeability Properties of Pervious Concrete Containing Coal Bottom Ash Aggregates." Materials 15, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 7847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217847.
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This study investigates the strength and permeability properties of pervious concrete-containing coal bottom ash (CBA) aggregates. Two pervious concrete mixtures were fabricated with different aggregate size distributions. One mixture contained CBA aggregates with a single-type distribution and the other mixture contained CBA aggregates with a hybrid-type distribution. The test parameters of the CBA pervious concrete included the water/cement (W/C) ratio and compaction level to investigate their effects on the properties. W/C ratios of 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 were considered for the mixture, and compaction levels of 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 MPa were applied to fabricate the pervious specimen. The increase in the W/C ratio reduced the strength by approximately 20% to 30% of the CBA pervious concrete. The increase in the compaction level reduced the permeability by approximately four to five times but significantly increased the strength of the CBA pervious concrete. The test results indicate that the use of single-type CBA or hybrid CBA aggregates with different size distributions affected the properties of the pervious concrete. The strength of specimens, including hybrid CBA aggregates, was 30% to 45% greater than that of the specimens containing single-type CBA aggregates. Meanwhile, the use of hybrid CBA aggregates reduced the permeability of the CBA pervious concrete by approximately 20% to 35%. Finally, relationships between the strength properties, permeability characteristics and total void ratios of the CBA pervious concrete specimens are suggested based on the test results.
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Bearce, Bradford C., and Lenka Smuta. "PERFORMANCE OF `NELLIE WHITE' EASTER LILIES IN ROOT MEDIA CONTAINING COAL BOTTOM ASH." HortScience 30, no. 2 (April 1995): 189d—189. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.189d.
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Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. `Nellie White') were forced in root media composed of 1 peat: 1 vermiculite (v/v) mixed with coal bottom ash (CBA) at rates of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% CBA. Lilies in all levels of CBA were equal in mean per plant flower bud numbers, fresh and dry weights, and numbers of yellow or brown lower stem leaves. Lilies in 100% CBA were significantly lower in mean stem length than plants in 0% or 50% CBA. Plants in 100% CBA required more frequent irrigation than plants in all other media. Media pH and solution electrical conductivity increased with increase in percent CBA. Analysis of leaf tissue showed no difference in nutrient levels between plants in 0% or 100% CBA.
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Gao, Jin Cheng, Ji Yuan Wang, Wen Bin Du, Ling Lin, and Chong Yu Zeng. "Reaction Laws and Macro-Kinetics of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde Hydrogenation over Pd/TiO2 Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.587.
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The effects of temperature and hydrogen partial pressure on 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) hydrogenation over Pd/TiO2 catalyst were investigated in a batch reactor. The results show that 4-CBA hydrogenation is a consecutive reaction. And 4-CBA hydrogenation to 4-hydroxymethylbenzoic (4-HMBA) is a reversible exothermic reaction. Meanwhile, a parallel reaction of 4-CBA decarbonylation occurs during the process. The hydrogenation rate of 4-HMBA is more sensitive to temperature and hydrogen partial pressure than that of 4-CBA. Macro-kinetics of 4-CBA reaction over Pd/TiO2 was obtained from the experimental data using the power-law kinetics model. The apparent activation energies of 4-CBA hydrogenation, 4-HMBA hydrogenation, 4-CBA decarbonylation and 4-HMBA dehydrogenation are 29.65 kJ/mol, 42.55 kJ/mol, 74.32 kJ/mol and 69.34 kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction orders with respect to 4-CBA and 4-HMBA are both first-order.
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Gao, Hongqi, Heyong Niu, and Jiyue Shi. "Implementation of criteria-based audit to reduce patient’s burdens and improve efficiency in hospital management." European Journal of Inflammation 17 (January 2019): 205873921982824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058739219828242.
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This article aimed at exploring the implementation of criteria-based audit (CBA) to reduce patient’s burdens and increase efficiency in hospital management. The social background and CBA definition were evaluated by screening using the new 3A grade hospital evaluation criteria. The confirmation of the hospital-department two-level CBA management performance appraisal was based on six core indicators (2A4P). The feasibility of CBA was evaluated by comparing the changes of 2A4P before the implementation of CBA management performance appraisal and 1 year after the implementation of CBA. The 2A4P data in 2017, 1 year after the implementation of CBA performance appraisal, showed a significant improvement ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.001) than before the CBA implementation in 2016. CBA supports the management to meet the objectives in the basic system, standardization, and service, which significantly optimizes the 2A4P data, therefore helping achieve the goal of reducing burdens and increasing efficiency. CBA is an effective management performance appraisal model to evaluate the basic system and the professional standard of modern hospitals under the current social background.
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Emelyanova and Solyanikova. "Evaluation of 3-Chlorobenzoate 1,2-Dioxygenase Inhibition by 2- and 4-Chlorobenzoate with a Cell-Based Technique." Biosensors 9, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9030106.
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The electrochemical reactor microbial sensor with the Clark oxygen electrode as the transducer was used for investigation of the competition between 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) and its analogues, 2- and 4-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA and 4-CBA), for 3-chlorobenzoate-1,2-dioxygenase (3-CBDO) of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP cells. The change in respiration of freshly harvested R. opacus 1CP cells in response to 3-CBA served as an indicator of 3-CBDO activity. The results obtained confirmed inducibility of 3-CBDO. Sigmoidal dependency of the rate of the enzymatic reaction on the concentration of 3-CBA was obtained and positive kinetic cooperativity by a substrate was shown for 3-CBDO. The Hill concentration constant, S0.5, and the constant of catalytic activity, Vmax, were determined. Inhibition of the rate of enzymatic reaction by excess substrate, 3-CBA, was observed. Associative (competitive inhibition according to classic classification) and transient types of the 3-CBA-1,2-DO inhibition by 2-CBA and 4-CBA, respectively, were found. The kinetic parameters such as S0.5i and Vmaxi were also estimated for 2-CBA and 4-CBA. The disappearance of the S-shape of the curve of the V versus S dependence for 3-CBDO in the presence of 4-CBA was assumed to imply that 4-chlorobenzoate had no capability to be catalytically transformed by 3-chlorobenzoate-1,2-dioxygenase of Rhodococcus opacus 1CP cells.
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Bello, Hassan, and Nor Athiyah Abdullah. "Modelling Students' Satisfaction with Computer-Based Assessment (CBA) Environments in Higher Education: The Roles of CBA Center Service Satisfaction and Perceived Trust." Electronic Journal of e-Learning 20, no. 5 (December 6, 2022): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.5.2595.
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It has been extensively researched how satisfied students are with the vast majority of goods and services offered by educational institutions of higher learning. However, there appears to be a paucity of research on students' satisfaction with the facilities and services of computer-based assessment (CBA) centers in higher education institutions, especially when the centers are equipped and staffed by third-party vendors. The CBA centers are public and private examination centers in developing countries that administer computer-based tests for higher education and other external organizations. Although satisfaction with the services and facilities is essential, it has been asserted that having the feeling of trust when using the CBA is even more critical to the students. Trust is essential for the success of any technological advancement, especially in the field of education. Any educational technology that lacks the stakeholders' trust, regardless of how effective it may be, is doomed to fail to be adopted on a large scale. However, limited studies have investigated how students' trust in the CBA affects their satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to model and analyze the roles of CBA center service satisfaction and perceived trust in the CBA in attaining overall satisfaction by exploring their roles in influencing student satisfaction. A research framework based on the updated information system success model (ISSM) is validated using a survey incorporating system quality, service quality, question content, the cost-effectiveness of CBA services, CBA center service satisfaction, and perceived trust. A total of 459 survey responses collected from three higher education institutions in Nigeria were analyzed using structural equation modelling. As a result, the findings confirmed that students' satisfaction with services at the CBA centers is a mediator between service quality, system quality, and overall satisfaction with CBA. The correlation between CBA centre service satisfaction and overall CBA satisfaction was also found to be the strongest, indicating that student satisfaction with the services and facilities at the CBA centre is crucial. CBA center managers and institutions can utilize the findings from this study to successfully implement the CBA. In enhancing students‘ CBA satisfaction, higher education institutions should consider focusing on the necessary steps towards improving the conditions of the CBA centers in terms of infrastructure and services rendered. Meanwhile, to increase student satisfaction besides enhancing the system and service quality and cost-effectiveness, institutions should seriously consider promoting the CBA to the students by highlighting the personal impact of the CBA in terms of trust by improving the quality and features of the CBA.
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Bujaki, Merridee L. "Cost-benefit analysis in correspondence related to building the Rideau Canal." Accounting History 15, no. 2 (May 2010): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373210352373.
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The relationship between government and the military is examined through the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) statements included in correspondence related to building the Rideau Canal. Discourse analysis is used to identify and evaluate CBA statements. CBA statements are used for rhetorical, technical and reporting purposes. Rhetorical uses of CBA predominate in the period leading up to the construction of the Rideau Canal. CBA as a tool for decision-making of a technical nature is common during the construction of the canal. CBA serves both rhetorical and technical purposes in progress reports. Patterns in the use of CBA in correspondence between government and military are also analysed and reveal a number of communication channels where communication using CBA statements between government and the military is either common or is lacking.
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Mukhopadhyay, Sangita, Prakash Kumar Sahoo, Anna George, Vineeta Bal, Satyajit Rath, and Bala Ravindran. "Delayed Clearance of Filarial Infection and Enhanced Th1 Immunity Due to Modulation of Macrophage APC Functions in xid Mice." Journal of Immunology 163, no. 2 (July 15, 1999): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.2.875.
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Abstract Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) mutant CBA/N mice show delayed clearance of injected microfilaria (mf) compared with wild-type CBA/J mice. Anti-mf T cells from CBA/N mice make relatively more IFN-γ than those from CBA/J mice. The anti-mf T cell proliferative responses are also greater in CBA/N mice. This CBA/N immune phenotype is not restricted to filarial Ags, because immunization with pure proteins also yields T cell responses of greater proliferative magnitude skewed away from Th2 cytokines in CBA/N compared with CBA/J mice. The increased magnitude of CBA/N T cell proliferative responses is reflected in increases in both precursor frequencies and clonal burst sizes of responding Ag-specific T cells, and is independent of the source of re-stimulating APCs. Transfer of CBA/J peritoneal resident cells (PRCs) into CBA/N mice before pure protein immunization leads to a wild-type immune phenotype in the recipient CBA/N mice, with a reduction in the proliferative response and a relative decrease in the IFN-γ produced. When wild-type PRC subpopulations are similarly transferred, the wild-type immune phenotype is transferred by macrophages rather than by B cells. Transfer of wild-type PRCs into CBA/N mice before injection of mf also causes similar changes in the anti-mf T cell responses and enhances the clearance of mf. Thus, Btk is involved in critical macrophage APC functions regulating priming of T cells, and can modulate these responses in pathophysiologically relevant fashion in vivo.
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Myers, Susan S., and Bradford Bearce. "GROWTH AND FLOWERING RESPONSE OF 'BRILLIANT DIAMOND' POINSETTIAS IN A PEAT VERMICULITE MIX AMENDED WITH COAL BOTTOM ASH." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 256A—256. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.256a.
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Rooted cuttings of Euphorbia pulcherrima 'Brilliant Diamond' were planted on July 27, 1992, in 15 cm standard pots containing peat:vermiculite (1:1, v/v) mixed with coal bottom ash (CBA) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of volume. Lime sufficient to adjust pH to an entitled range-of 5.6-6.8 was added to each medium. A 1500 mg/liter Cycocel spray was applied weekly to all plants from August 25 (pinch date) until Sept 28.) Irrigation and fertilization frequencies were recorded. At anthesis (Nov 17). plants were measured and harvested. The 100 percent CBA medium required less irrigation but more fertilization than the 0 percent CBA medium. Heights of plants in the 50, 75 and 100 percent CBA media were less than those in the 0 percent CBA medium. Bract diameters and dry weights of the 100 percent CBA plants were less than those of the 0 percent CBA plants. A quality rating placed the 75 and 100 percent CBA plants below plants in 0, 25, and 50 percent CBA. A yellowing of top leaves occurred beginning in early November and was more noticeable with increase in percent CBA.
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Ho, Betty P. V., Jennifer Stephenson, and Mark Carter. "Teacher Understanding and Application of Cognitive–Behavioural Approaches for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability." Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education 43, no. 01 (February 7, 2019): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsi.2018.19.
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AbstractThis study provides an in-depth examination of the understanding and implementation of cognitive–behavioural approaches (CBA) by Australian teachers of students with both autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Semistructured interviews were completed with 13 New South Wales teachers and several themes emerged. Interviewed teachers appeared to have limited knowledge about CBA; their description of the application of CBA and their reported practices included few features specific and unique to CBA. They primarily perceived CBA as a tool for behaviour management; addressing emotion was a theme but addressing cognition was not a salient feature of their practice. Most teachers seemed unaware of the potential of CBA in fostering generalisation or maintenance, and important student characteristics appeared to be seldom considered in teacher planning of their CBA programs. Directions for enhancing teacher knowledge and supporting their practice of CBA are suggested.
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Pitchay, Dharmalingam S., and Bradford C. Bearce. "Rooting Performance of Hydrangea Cutting Types in Propagation Media Containing Coal Bottom Ash." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 476F—477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.476f.
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Rooting performance was evaluated for three different hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb. `Blaumeise Lace Cap') cutting types in propagation media containing peat:sand amended with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% coal bottom ash (CBA) sieved through 2-mm mesh. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of all media were in acceptably low ranges, whereas pH was suboptimal in all but 100% CBA, ranging from 3.8 to 4.6 vs. 6.0 to 6.75 for 100% CBA. Available Ca was significantly higher at up to 189 mg·kg–1 in the 100% CBA. Rooted cuttings were analyzed for root counts and dry mass. Terminal tip cuttings produced 96.1 mean roots/stem compared to butterfly cuttings (76.4) and single-eye cuttings (60.7), and there was no significant difference in root dry mass among the different cutting types. Propagation media containing 50% CBA produced greater numbers of roots/stem (99.89 and 89.59, respectively). The dry mass of roots/stem was significantly higher in media with 100% CBA. Root numbers per cutting were higher in terminal tip cuttings grown in 50% and 100% CBA and butterfly cuttings in 50% CBA. On the other hand, dry mass per cutting was higher in 100% CBA as compared to the rest, except for the terminal tip and butterfly cuttings in 50% CBA. The higher pH and Ca concentration may be factors causing the better rooting performance in 100% CBA.
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Pitchay, Dharmalingam S., Marlene Cross, Bradford C. Bearce, and Edwin Townsend. "New Guinea Impatiens Flower Life and Growth Response to Coal Bottom Ash Level in the Root Substrate." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 465c—465. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.465c.
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On 26 Mar. 1997, New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens × New Guinea) cultivars `Aglia', `Anaea', `Bora-bora', and `Dark Delias', were planted in 1 peat: 1 vermiculite (v/v) rooting media containing 0%, 25%, or 50% by volume of coal bottom ash (CBA) that had been sieved through 6-mm mesh. Individual flower longevity was recorded from the first day of flower opening until senescence. There was no significant effect among levels of CBA on flower longevity. However, flower life varied significantly among cultivars from 9.5–9.9 days in `Aglia' to 15.1–15.8 days in `Dark Delias'. Per-plant bloom numbers increased linearly with increase in percent CBA for all cultivars. Plant diameters were reduced by CBA in `Aglia', but not affected by CBA in the other three cultivars. Plant heights of `Dark Delias' were increased at 50% CBA over that of plants in 0% CBA. Visual quality indices were significantly greater for plants in CBA media compared to that for plants in 0% CBA. Top fresh and dry weights within each cultivar were equal among CBA levels. Within cultivars, there were no significant differences among plants at different CBA levels in plant transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthesis when measured with an LCA3 Leaf Chamber Analyser. However, there were significant differences in these processes among cultivars.
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Morimoto, M., H. Kanno, H. Asai, T. Tsujimura, H. Fujii, Y. Moriyama, T. Kasugai, A. Hirono, Y. Ohba, and S. Miwa. "Pyruvate kinase deficiency of mice associated with nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and cure of the anemia by marrow transplantation without host irradiation." Blood 86, no. 11 (December 1, 1995): 4323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.11.4323.bloodjournal86114323.
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Mutant mice with splenomegaly and nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia were found in an inbred colony of the CBA/N (hereafter CBA) strain maintained in the Japan SLC Haruno farm (Shuchi-gun, Shizuoka, Japan). The activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) in red blood cells (RBCs) of the anemic mutants decreased to 16.2% of normal (+/+) CBA mice. Because the mutant CBA mice showed a remarkable reticulocytosis (41.6%) and because the PK activity of reticulocytes is much higher than that of mature RBCs, the PK activity in mature RBCs of the mutant CBA mice was calculated to be 2.8% that of mature RBCs of CBA-(+/+) mice. Because RBC type PK is encoded by the Pk-1 locus of the mouse (chromosome 3), we designated the mutant locus as Pk-1slc. The anemia and PK deficiency of CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice were cured by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from CBA-(+/+) mice. Prior irradiation was not necessary for the curative BMT. On the other hand, the BMT from CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice to nonirradiated CBA-(+/+) mice did not result in the decrease of RBCs and the reduction of PK activity. The present results indicate that CBA- Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice are a potentially useful animal model for studying pathophysiology of PK deficiency and for developing new therapeutic methods to correct PK deficiency.
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Woodard, M. A., B. C. Bearce, S. Cluskey, and E. C. Townsend. "Coal Bottom Ash and Pine Wood Peelings as Root Substrates in a Circulating Nutriculture System." HortScience 28, no. 6 (June 1993): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.6.636.
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`Inca Yellow' marigolds (Tagetes erects L.) were planted in polyethylene bags containing coal bottom ash (CBA), pine wood peelings (PWP), a mixture of 1 CBA: 1 PWP (v/v), and loose Grodan rockwool (RW) and grown in a circulating nutriculture system. Three fertigation frequencies of 12, 6, or 4 cycles per 12-hour light period were set with a duration of 5 minutes each. Flower diameters of marigolds grown in CBA, PWP, and CBA-PWP exceeded flower diameters of RW-grown marigolds, and days from planting to harvest were less in CBA and CBA-PWP than in the other two media. There was no interaction between medium and fertigation frequency. Foliar analysis showed no significant differences in plant elemental composition among root media or fertigation frequencies. Postharvest PWP water extracts contained higher P levels than extracts of other media, and CBA-PWP water extracts contained higher K, Ca, and Mg. In the CBA-PWP mixture, decomposition products from PWP may have increased P volubility and solubilized the K, Ca,-and Mg-in CBA.
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Raghavendra, Chandrika, Mahesh Rampilla, Venkata Ramana Thanikella, and Isha Gupta. "Impact of Economic Freedom Distance on India’s Inbound Cross-Border Acquisition Volume: Moderating Role of Economic Distance." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010039.
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Cross-border acquisitions (CBA) are a form of foreign direct investments and have been dramatically increasing over the last three decades. India has been one of the top CBA destinations among emerging economies, making it interesting to explore the determinants. Even though the CBA research is voluminous, the role of economic freedom is understudied. In this background, by extending the knowledge of distance measures impacting cross-border acquisition (CBA) activities, we examine the impact of economic freedom distance on India’s inbound CBA volume and the moderating role of economic distance. We used a sample of 979 observations by collecting the CBA data from Thomson’s EIKON Mergers and Acquisitions database for our study period covering 1990 to 2020. We show that economic freedom distance negatively impacts India’s inbound CBA volume. Moreover, economic distance significantly moderated their effect. These results indicate that India should strengthen its economic freedom and grow steadily to attract more CBA volume inflow. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for multinational firms and policymakers in making emerging economies like India an attractive destination for CBA activities.
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Abbas, Safeer, Uzair Arshad, Wasim Abbass, Moncef L. Nehdi, and Ali Ahmed. "Recycling Untreated Coal Bottom Ash with Added Value for Mitigating Alkali–Silica Reaction in Concrete: A Sustainable Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 10631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410631.
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Each year, about 730 million tons of bottom ash is generated in coal fired power plants worldwide. This by-product can be used as partial replacement for Portland cement, favoring resource conservation and sustainability. Substantial research has explored treated and processed coal bottom ash (CBA) for possible use in the construction industry. The present research explores using local untreated and raw CBA in mitigating the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) of reactive aggregates in concrete. Mortar bar specimens incorporating various proportions of untreated CBA were tested in accordance with ASTM C1260 up to 150 days. Strength activity index (SAI) and thermal analysis were used to assess the pozzolanic activity of CBA. Specimens incorporating 20% CBA achieved SAI greater than 75%, indicating pozzolanic activity. Mixtures incorporating CBA had decreased ASR expansion. Incorporating 20% CBA in mixtures yielded 28-day ASR expansion of less than the ASTM C1260 limit value of 0.20%. Scanning electron microscopy depicted ASR induced microcracks in control specimens, while specimens incorporating CBA exhibited no microcracking. Moreover, low calcium-to-silica ratio and reduced alkali content were observed in specimens incorporating CBA owing to alkali dilution and absorption, consequently decreasing ASR expansion. The toxicity characteristics of CBA indicated the presence of heavy metals below the US-EPA limits. Therefore, using local untreated CBA in concrete as partial replacement for Portland cement can be a non-hazardous alternative for reducing the environmental overburden of cement production and CBA disposal, with the added benefit of mitigating ASR expansion and its associated costly damage, leading to sustainable infrastructure.
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Chen, Xinru. "Strategies to Promote the Chinese Basketball Association." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 5 (November 23, 2022): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v5i.2972.
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CBA league is the highest-level basketball league in China. In recent years, the CBA league has faced many difficulties, such as how to ensure its exposure and popularity in the post-epidemic era. Especially after the emergence of COVID-19, the ticket revenue of the CBA league has been greatly reduced; After the emergence of the National Basketball Association and even the National Basketball league, the influence of the CBA league declined. This research aimed to discuss how to enhance the influence and popularity of the CBA league in the Chinese market. This article went through the analysis of Marketing Mix theory, according to the actual situation of the CBA league, from the four elements of the Marketing Mix theory in the analysis of the CBA league on these elements of consumer impact degree. At the same time, this article applied the SWOT analysis method, respectively from the internal and external advantages and disadvantages of CBA league analysis. The conclusion of this exploration was that the CBA league has great advantages in the two aspects of place and product, but under the influence of reality, there were different negative effects on promotion, place, and product. Therefore, the CBA league needs to be changed from inside to outside under the current background.
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Kenny, J. J., G. Guelde, C. Hansen, and J. J. Mond. "Synergistic effects of the xid gene in X chromosome congenic mice. I. Inability of C3.CBA/N mice to respond to thymus-dependent antigens in adoptive transfer assays." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 5 (March 1, 1987): 1363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.5.1363.
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Abstract The xid gene, which causes a B lymphocyte immune defect in CBA/N mice, has been bred onto the C3H/HeN background. The resulting X chromosome congenic mice (C3.CBA/N) exhibit immunologic defects that are much more profound than the defect exhibited by CBA/N mice; thus, the B cells from C3.CBA/N mice not only fail to respond to thymus-independent (TI) type 2 antigens such as TNP-Ficoll, but they fail to respond in vitro to TI-type 1 antigens such as TNP-Brucella abortus (BA) and B cell mitogens such as LPS and Nocardia water-soluble mitogen. In this paper we show that the synergistic defect seen in C3.CBA/N B cells is also elicited in adoptive transfer assays to thymus-dependent (TD) antigens such as TNP-KLH and PC-KLH, antigens to which both parental strains respond. Thus, the secondary adoptive transfer response of C3.CBA/N spleen cells is generally less than 5% of the immune response produced by CBA/N or C3H/HeN spleen cells. This synergistic defect is restricted to the C3.CBA/N B cells, since C3.CBA/N T cells can provide help to CBA/N B cells that is equivalent to the help obtained with CBA/N T cells. The low responsiveness of C3.CBA/N spleen cells to TD antigens, which is elicited in adoptive transfer assays, is not seen when the intact animal is immunized with antigen in CFA; this, intact C3.CBA/N mice produce anti-PC-KLH and anti-TNP-KLH responses only slightly lower than the responses of CBA/N mice to these same antigens. In contrast, when these mice are immunized with phenol-extracted LPS, a TI-type 1 antigen, their antibody responses are severely depressed. These data suggest that under conditions in which T cell help may be limiting or in which the intact physiology of the T and B cells has been disrupted, C3.CBA/N B cells demonstrate profound immunologic impairment; however, when adequate T cell help is available and the splenic architecture is not disrupted, their immune responses appear to progress in a normal fashion.
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Stankiewicz, Elzbieta, Ewa Wypasek, and Barbara Plytycz. "Mast cells are responsible for the lack of anti-inflammatory effects of morphine in CBA mice." Mediators of Inflammation 13, no. 5-6 (2004): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09629350400008778.
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BACKGROUND and aim: Morphine co-injection has anti-inflammatory effects on zymosan-induced peritonitis in several strains of mice except that of CBA. As peritoneal mast cells (pMCs) are much more numerous in CBA mice than in SWISS mice, the role of pMCs in morphine-modulated zymosan peritonitis is compared in CBA and SWISS males.Methods: pMCs were treatedin vitrowith morphine or C48/80 for comparison of histamine release.In vivoaccumulation of leukocytes and histamine in peritoneal exudate were recorded after intraperitoneal injection with morphine, zymosan, or zymosan plus morphine.Results and conclusion: Morphine induces histamine release by pMCs from CBA mice but not SWISS mice.In vivomorphine-induced peritonitis is stronger in CBA mice than SWISS mice. Corollary, morphine anti-inflammatory effects on zymosan peritonitis are reversed in CBA mice by its pro-inflammatory action through CBA pMCs.
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Kiruthiga, P., Niragi dave, and Ramesh Guduru. "A Critical Review on the application of coal Bottom Ash inconcrete: An Indian Prospective." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012064.
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Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) is one of the by-products of Coal sourced Thermal Power Plants. Unlike Fly ash most of the CBA are dumped as landfills rather than utilized. Replacement of CBA in concrete reduces the burden on waste management and reduces the demand for the river sand and Portland cement. The main and major composition of CBA is Silica hence it has pozzolanic properties. The utilization of CBA in concrete is done by adopting several treatment and process in order to its effective replacement as sand and cement. The process involved in the replacement of cement is Grinding or Pulverization. Pulverization increases the Surface area and fineness of CBA and is comparable with the cement hence pulverized CBA can be used as a cement replacement. Whereas sieving is done to replace as a sand. The focus of this study is to prove that CBA can be used in concrete without any significant loss in the strength, durability properties and the optimum dosage of CBA to improve the performance of the concrete. This review compares the results of several researches on mechanical and durability properties and determine the areas where the research has to be carried out further.
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Duran, L. W., and E. S. Metcalf. "Antibody-defective, genetically susceptible CBA/N mice have an altered Salmonella typhimurium-specific B cell repertoire." Journal of Experimental Medicine 165, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.165.1.29.
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CBA/N mice, which express the X-linked immunodeficiency gene xid, are susceptible to Salmonella typhimurium. The basis for this susceptibility is currently unknown. However, previous studies (10) from this laboratory have provided evidence that susceptibility may be due to a defective anti-S. typhimurium antibody response. In that report we hypothesized that the defective antibody response may be a reflection of an altered S. typhimurium-specific B cell repertoire. In the studies described here, we have investigated this hypothesis using a modification of the in vitro splenic focus system. The frequency and characteristics of salmonella-specific B cells in normal, innately resistant, CBA/Ca mice have been compared with those of salmonella-susceptible, anti-S. typhimurium antibody-defective CBA/N mice. The results show that CBA/N mice express no primary or secondary S. typhimurium-specific B cell precursors after stimulation with an acetone-killed and dried (AKD) preparation of S. typhimurium strain TML. However, after three immunizations, the CBA/N tertiary frequency of 15.4 per 10(6) splenic B cells was similar to the primary precursor frequency in immunologically normal CBA/Ca mice, but 23-fold lower than the tertiary precursor frequency in CBA/Ca control mice. Moreover, CBA/N mice had an altered isotype distribution pattern after stimulation with AKD-TML. Greater than 70% of the tertiary CBA/N TML-specific B cells secreted IgG2, in contrast to either nonimmune or primed control mice. In addition, 80% of the CBA/N TML-specific B cells secreted only a single isotype, whereas the majority of B cells from primed normal mice secreted multiple isotypes. Fine specificity analysis of the TML-specific B cells indicated that the array of antigenic determinants to which CBA/N B cells could respond was restricted. Although the majority of primed CBA/Ca and primed CBA/N B cells were specific for LPS, the fine specificity pattern exhibited by CBA/N B cells was similar to that observed in unprimed normal mice, i.e., the vast majority were specific for the O antigen region of the LPS molecule. In contrast, a major portion of the LPS-specific B cells in primed CBA/Ca mice were directed against the KDO/lipid A region of the LPS molecule. Therefore, it appears that CBA/N mice lack or are unable to stimulate the B cell subset that predominates in primed, normal mice. Taken together, these studies indicate that the basis for susceptibility of CBA/N mice to S. typhimurium is multifactorial and suggests that the inability of some animals to respond to some infectious agents may be related to holes in their B cell repertoire.
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Shirasugi, Nozomu, Osamu Aramaki, Qi Zhang, Daiki Iwami, Kiyoshi Ando, and Masanori Niimi. "Generation of Regulatory Dendritic Cells by Administration of Donor Alloantigen in Mouse Transplantation Model." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1338.1338.
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Abstract Backgrounds: Various lines of evidence indicate that regulatory cells control peripheral immune responses in self-tolerance and transplantation. Here we show that administration of donor alloantigen via the trachea generated not only CD4+ regulatory cells but also regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) and induced hyporesponsiveness to fully allogeneic grafts in mouse transplantation model. Methods and Results: CBA mice (H-2k) received administration of C57BL/10 (B10: H-2b) splenocytes via the trachea (intratracheal delivery; ITD). Seven days later, the CBA mice underwent transplantation of B10 hearts. Untreated CBA recipients rejected B10 allografts acutely (median survival time [MST], 8 days). ITD of B10 splenocytes induced prolongation of B10 allograft survival in CBA recipients (MST, 67 days). To determine whether regulatory cells were generated by ITD treatment, adoptive transfer study was conducted. Seven days after CBA mice (primary recipients) were given B10 splenocytes by ITD, splenocytes from the primary recipients were adoptively transferred into naive secondary CBA recipients that underwent B10 cardiac grafting the same day. Secondary CBA recipients given not only whole but also CD4+ splenocytes from ITD-treated CBA mice (primary recipients) 7 days before had significantly prolonged survival of B10 allografts (MST, 78 and 68 days, respectively, compared to those in control secondary CBA recipients with adoptive transfer of naive whole or CD4+ splenocytes, MST, 11 and 13 days, respectively). Interestingly, adoptive transfer of CD11c+ cells from ITD-treated CBA mice also induced prolongation of B10 allograft survival in naïve secondary recipients (MST, 85 days, compared to that in control secondary recipients with adoptive transfer of naive CD11c+ cells, MST, 9 days). These CD11c+ cells produced interleukin (IL)-10 upon activation. Experiments using anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody revealed that both induction and effector function of the regulatory cells required IL-10. Conclusion: Our data indicate that ITD of donor alloantigen induced hyporesponsiveness to fully allogeneic grafts, and generated regulatory cells that contained both DCs and CD4+ cells in our model. C57BL/10 allograft survival in secondary recipients (naive CBA recipients) with adoptive transfer Adoptively transferred cells Adoptively transferred from; Allograft survival (days) ITD: intratracheal delivery of C57BL/10 alloantigen Whole splenocytes (5x107) ITD-treated CBA mice 49, 63, 71, 85, 89, >100 naive CBA mice 8, 8, 9, 13, 14, 18 CD4+ splenocytes (2x107) ITD-treated CBA mice 60, 61, 68 ,69, >100 naive CBA mice 8, 11, 12, 14, 14, 24 CD11c+ cells (1x106) ITD-treated CBA mice 26, 54, 65, 85, 86, 91, >100 naive CBA mice 7, 7, 9, 13,14
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Kumar, P., A. Cruz, H. Sodhi, P. Waters, V. Victor Mgbachi, M. Woodhall, A. Mousavi, J. Oger, T. Aziz, and H. Frykman. "P.033 Detection of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) by live and fixed cell-based assays." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 49, s1 (June 2022): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2022.135.
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Background: MOG-IgG is associated with non-MS demyelinating disease of the optic nerves, spinal cord and brain. Specificity has been issue so we validated the live and fixed MOG-IgG CBAs against the Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Diagnostic Laboratory (OANG) live CBA as a comparator with high specificity. Methods: At BC Neuroimmunology lab (BCNI), 54 MOG-IgG serum samples previously positive by live-CBA at OANG and BCNI were blindly tested by commercial fixed CBA. All 54 MOG IgG positives came from MOG-IgG positive patients. In addition, 256 samples from healthy people and other neurolgic disease were tested. Results: The live MOG-IgG CBA performed at BCNI was 100% concordant (54/54) with OANG live CBA. In contrast, only 49/54 samples were found seropositive by the commercial fixed CBA. The BCNI live-CBA identified 3/256 control samples as positive while 6/256 controls were positive on the fixed commercial CBA. On this cohort the live CBA is 100% sensitive, 98.8% specific and has PPV of 95%. The commercial fixed MOG test is 91% sensitive, 97.6% specific and has PPV of 87.5%. Conclusions: BCNI live MOG-IgG CBAs are in 100% agreement with MOG-IgG. Three positive results in non-MOGAD associated clinical phenotype require further investigation. These data confirm the superiority of the live MOG CBA.
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Nguyen Thi, Nu, Thinh Phi Hong, and Son Bui Truong. "Utilizing Coal Bottom Ash from Thermal Power Plants in Vietnam as Partial Replacement of Aggregates in Concrete Pavement." Journal of Engineering 2019 (October 17, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3903097.
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In Vietnam, a large amount of coal bottom ash (CBA) is being discharged from thermal power plants and has been making serious environmental pollution. It is essential to utilize the CBA to reduce environmental pollution. So, this paper presents a series of experimental studies in the laboratory using CBA as a partial replacement of aggregates in concrete pavement for rural roads. In mixing concrete, the CBA is utilized to replace 15, 30, and 100% aggregates. The design of the composition must achieve the technical requirement of M-30 grade of concrete. A total 351 of specimens were tested on workability of fresh concrete, abrasion, compressive strength, and flexural tensile strength in order to achieve the technical requirement of concrete pavement for rural roads. Based on the experimental results, in order to achieve the required compressive strength, An Khanh CBA concrete uses more content of cement and water than control concrete; Cao Ngan CBA is only utilized to replace 15% aggregates, and Cao Ngan CBA concrete also uses more cement and water than control concrete. It also shown that the amount of water and cement content depend on types of CBA and the water amount and cement content of CBA concrete are larger than those of control concrete. The advantage of mixture CBA concrete is abrasion, and flexural tensile strength achieved the value as per the technical requirement.
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Yang, In-Hwan, Jihun Park, Nhien Dinh Le, and Sanghwa Jung. "Strength Properties of High-Strength Concrete Containing Coal Bottom Ash as a Replacement of Aggregates." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4246396.
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Most previous studies on the strength properties of coal bottom ash (CBA) concrete have focused on concrete with a normal compressive strength, and thus, studies on the strength properties of high-strength concrete (HSC) containing CBA are limited. Therefore, the effects of replacing fine aggregates with CBA and variations in the curing age on the strength properties of HSC with a compressive strength of greater than 60 MPa were investigated in this study. The different CBA contents included 25, 50, 75, and 100%, and the different curing ages were 28 and 56 days. The mechanical properties of the HSC with CBA incorporated as fine aggregates were examined. The experimental results revealed that CBA could be partially or totally substituted for fine aggregates during HSC production. The test results also showed that the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths of the HSC containing CBA fine aggregates slightly decreased as the CBA content increased. Moreover, useful relationships between the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength were suggested, and the predictions reasonably agreed with the measurements. Compared to those of the control specimen, the pulse velocities of the HSC specimens at various CBA contents decreased by less than 3%. In addition, equations for predicting the strength values of CBA concrete by using the ultrasonic pulse velocity were suggested.
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Baco, Noraziela Syahira, Shahiron Shahidan, Sharifah Salwa Mohd Zuki, Noorwirdawati Ali, and Mohamad Azim Mohammad Azmi. "Strength Properties of Untreated Coal Bottom Ash as Cement Replacement." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.47657.
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Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) is a mineral by-product of thermal power plants obtained from the combustion of coal. In many countries, CBA wastes are identified as hazardous materials. The utilization of CBA can help in alleviating environmental problems; thus, this research was carried out to explore the possibility of its use as cement replacement in concrete manufacturing. Presently, In Malaysia, research that concerns about the use of CBA as cement replacement is very limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the properties of CBA as cement replacement and to identify the optimum percentage of untreated CBA as cement replacement. The CBA used in this study were taken from the Tanjung Bin power plant. In this research, the amount of CBA in the concrete mixture varied from 20% to 40% to replace cement. The properties of concrete containing CBA as cement replacement was examined through slump test, sieve analysis, concrete compressive strength test and splitting tensile strength test. The compressive strength test and splitting tensile strength test were performed at 7 and 28 days of curing time. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the optimum percentage of CBA as cement replacement is 25% for a curing time of both 7 and 28 days with the concrete compression strength of 45.2 MPa and 54.6 MPa, respectively. Besides, the optimum percentage for tensile strength is also at 25% CBA for a curing period of both 7 and 28 days with the tensile strength of 2.91 MPa and 3.28 MPa, respectively.
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Zhang, Xu-Jie, Ya-Qin Zhong, Zi-You Ma, Ya-Zhen Hu, Jian-Guo Su, and Yong-An Zhang. "Insights into the Antibacterial Properties of Complement Peptides C3a, C4a, and C5a across Vertebrates." Journal of Immunology 209, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 2330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2101019.
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Abstract Complement peptides C3a, C4a, and C5a are important components of innate immunity in vertebrates. Although they diverged from a common ancestor, only C3a and C4a can act as antibacterial peptides in Homo sapiens, suggesting that C5a has evolved into a purely chemotactic molecule; however, the antibacterial properties of C3a, C4a, and C5a across vertebrates still require elucidation. In this article, we show that, unlike those in H. sapiens, Mus musculus C3a, C4a, and C5a all possess antibacterial activities, implying that the antibacterial properties of C3a, C4a, and C5a have evolved divergently in vertebrates. The extremely different net charge, a key factor determining the antibacterial activities of cationic antimicrobial peptides, of vertebrate C3a, C4a, and C5a supports this speculation. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of overlapping peptides covering vertebrate C3a, C4a, and C5a further strongly supports the speculation, because their activity is positively correlated with the net charge of source molecules. Notably, the structures of C3a, C4a, and C5a are conserved in vertebrates, and the inactive overlapping peptides can become antibacterial peptides if mutated to possess enough net positive charges, indicating that net charge is the only factor determining the antibacterial properties of vertebrate C3a, C4a, and C5a. More importantly, many vertebrate C3a-, C4a-, and C5a-derived peptides possess high antibacterial activities yet exhibit no hemolytic activities, suggesting the application potential in anti-infective therapy. Taken together, our findings reveal that vertebrate C3a, C4a, and C5a are all sources of antibacterial peptides that will facilitate the design of excellent peptide antibiotics.
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Hoffmann, Ellen, Florian Straube, Karl Wegscheider, Malte Kuniss, Dietrich Andresen, Li-Qun Wu, Jürgen Tebbenjohanns, et al. "Outcomes of cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation in symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation." EP Europace 21, no. 9 (June 14, 2019): 1313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz155.
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Abstract Aims To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) compared with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for symptomatic paroxysmal or drug-refractory persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and results Prospective cluster cohort study in experienced CBA and RFA centres. Primary endpoint was ‘atrial arrhythmia recurrence’, secondary endpoints were as follows: procedural results, safety, and clinical course. A total of 4189 patients were included: CBA 2329 (55.6%) and RFA 1860 (44.4%). Cryoballoon ablation population was younger, with fewer comorbidities. Procedure time was longer in the RFA group (P = 0.01). Radiation exposure was 2487 (CBA) and 1792 cGycm2 (RFA) (P < 0.001). Follow-up duration was 441 (CBA) and 511 days (RFA) (P < 0.0001). Primary endpoint occurred in 30.7% (CBA) and 39.4% patients (RFA) [adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–1.04; P = 0.12). In paroxysmal AF, CBA resulted in a lower risk of recurrence (adjHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64–0.99; P = 0.047). In persistent AF, the primary outcome was not different between groups. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event rates were 1.0% (CBA) and 2.8% (RFA) (adjHR 0.53, 95% CI 0.26–1.10; P = 0.088). Re-ablations (adjHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.34–0.61; P < 0.0001) and adverse events during follow-up (adjHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.88; P = 0.005) were less common after CBA. Higher rehospitalization rates with RFA were caused by re-ablations. Conclusions The primary endpoint did not differ between CBA and RFA. Cryoballoon ablation was completed rapidly; the radiation exposure was greater. Rehospitalization due to re-ablations and adverse events during follow-up were observed significantly less frequently after CBA than after RFA. Subgroup analysis suggested a lower risk of recurrence after CBA in paroxysmal AF. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01360008), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01360008.
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Mohd Yapandi, Md Fauzan Kamal, Mohamad Fetri Zainal, Hanafi Yusop, Famiza Latif, Noor Najmi Bonnia, Mohammad Noor Jalil, and Nur Zaqira Izzati Sukhairul Zaman. "Effect of mixing temperature in the development of green polypropylene – coal bottom ash composite slab." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2053, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2053/1/012002.
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Abstract Coal bottom ash (CBA) is a residue produced from the burning of pulverized coal for electricity generation. The high porosity and low abrasion resistance of CBA hindered its commercialization; thus tonnes of CBA were discharged in landfills and surface impoundments. Considering the adverse social and environmental issues associated with disposal management, it is imperative to optimize the utilization of CBA. About 30% of CBA were homogeneously blended with Polypropylene (PP) to produce a “green” PP-CBA composite slab. The influences of mixing temperatures on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the fabricated slabs were examined in the study. FESEM micrographs illustrated a smoother surface with a low density of voids in composite systems mixed at low temperatures (190°C). Moisture content was retained in the PP-CBA matrix and imparted supplementary strength to the composite. The relatively amorphous state of the composite allowed for easier dispersion of molecules under applied stress. From the tests, PP-CBA composite slabs mixed at 190°C exhibited the largest drop impact energy and ideal physical and structural properties.
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Tsujino, Kumiko, Hitoshi Kanno, Koji Hashimoto, Hisaichi Fujii, Tomoko Jippo, Eiichi Morii, Young-Mi Lee, Hidekazu Asai, Shiro Miwa, and Yukihiko Kitamura. "Delayed Onset of Hemolytic Anemia in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc Mice With a Point Mutation of the Gene Encoding Red Blood Cell Type Pyruvate Kinase." Blood 91, no. 6 (March 15, 1998): 2169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.6.2169.
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Abstract The Pk-1slc gene encodes a mutant red blood cell (RBC) type pyruvate kinase (PK), and adult CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice show a severe nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. However, the number of RBCs and the proportion of reticulocytes were comparable between neonatal CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice and control -+/+ mice. Since the age-dependent increase of RBCs was much greater in CBA-+/+ mice than in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice, significant anemia was observed in the latter mice on day 14 after birth. The increase of RBCs in CBA-+/+ mice was due to the prolongation of their survival time. The half life of RBCs increased in CBA-+/+ mice with ages, but it decreased in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice. The relatively longer half life of RBCs in neonatal CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice appeared to be due to the delayed switching from M2-type PK that are expressed by undifferentiated erythroid precursor cells to RBC-type PK that are expressed by mature RBCs.
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Tsujino, Kumiko, Hitoshi Kanno, Koji Hashimoto, Hisaichi Fujii, Tomoko Jippo, Eiichi Morii, Young-Mi Lee, Hidekazu Asai, Shiro Miwa, and Yukihiko Kitamura. "Delayed Onset of Hemolytic Anemia in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc Mice With a Point Mutation of the Gene Encoding Red Blood Cell Type Pyruvate Kinase." Blood 91, no. 6 (March 15, 1998): 2169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.6.2169.2169_2169_2174.
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The Pk-1slc gene encodes a mutant red blood cell (RBC) type pyruvate kinase (PK), and adult CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice show a severe nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. However, the number of RBCs and the proportion of reticulocytes were comparable between neonatal CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice and control -+/+ mice. Since the age-dependent increase of RBCs was much greater in CBA-+/+ mice than in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice, significant anemia was observed in the latter mice on day 14 after birth. The increase of RBCs in CBA-+/+ mice was due to the prolongation of their survival time. The half life of RBCs increased in CBA-+/+ mice with ages, but it decreased in CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice. The relatively longer half life of RBCs in neonatal CBA-Pk-1slc/Pk-1slc mice appeared to be due to the delayed switching from M2-type PK that are expressed by undifferentiated erythroid precursor cells to RBC-type PK that are expressed by mature RBCs.
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Spagni, Gregorio, Matteo Gastaldi, Pietro Businaro, Zeineb Chemkhi, Cinzia Carrozza, Giovanni Mascagna, Silvia Falso, et al. "Comparison of Fixed and Live Cell-Based Assay for the Detection of AChR and MuSK Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 10, no. 1 (October 21, 2022): e200038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000200038.
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Background and ObjectivesLive cell-based assay (CBA) can detect acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) or muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies (Abs) in a proportion of patients with radioimmunoassay (RIA)-double seronegative myasthenia gravis (dSN-MG). A commercial fixed CBA for AChR and MuSK Abs has recently become available; however, comparative studies on fixed and live CBAs are lacking. In this study, we compared the performance of fixed and live CBAs in patients with RIA-dSN MG and assessed their sensitivity in RIA-positive MG samples and their specificity.MethodsAChR and MuSK Abs were tested in 292 serum samples from 2 Italian MG referral centers by live and fixed CBAs: 192 from patients with MG and 100 from controls. All samples had been previously assessed by RIA: 66 were AChR positive, 40 MuSK positive, and 86 dSN. All controls were negative. Two independent raters assessed the CBA results. Fixed and live CBAs were compared with the McNemar test; interrater and interlaboratory agreement were assessed with Cohen's kappa or interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as appropriate.ResultsIn 86 RIA-dSN samples, fixed CBA detected Abs in 10 cases (11.6%, 95% CI 5.7–20.3), whereas live CBA detected Abs in 16 (18.6%, 95% CI 11.0–28.5) (p= 0.0143). Of these sera, those positive by fixed CBA were also positive by live CBA. In addition, live CBA could detect MuSK Abs in 4 and AChR Abs in 2 samples that were negative by fixed CBA, providing an 8% (95% CI 2.9–16.6) further increase in the Ab detection rate. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry. In the RIA-positive cohort, the sensitivity for AChR Abs was 98.5% (95% CI 91.9%–99.9%) for fixed CBA and 100% (95% CI 94.6–100) for live CBA (p= 0.1573). For both assays, the sensitivity for MuSK Abs was 100% (95% CI 91.2–100), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI 96.4–100). Interrater agreement was almost perfect for live and fixed CBAs (Cohen's kappa 0.972 and 0.978, respectively), alike interlaboratory agreement. Interrater agreement for the CBA score ranged from good to excellent (ICC: 0.832–0.973).DiscussionFixed CBA represents a valuable alternative to RIA for AChR and MuSK Ab detection in patients with MG and could be considered as a first-step diagnostic test. Live CBA can be useful in the serologic evaluation of RIA- and fixed CBA-negative samples.
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Mahamad Basri, Mahamad Hisyam, Abdul Halim Zulkifli, Noor Iswadi Ismail, Talib Ria Jaafar, Muhammad Arif Ab Hamid Pahmi, and Azmi Husin. "Conceptual design evaluation of concurrent brake actuator mechanism." Journal of Applied Engineering Design and Simulation 1, no. 1 (September 21, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jaeds.v1i1.29.
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The proper amount of braking force on both wheels is needed to optimize the braking performance and stability of the motorcycle. The braking effectiveness can be maximized by keeping the ideal nonlinear brake force distribution during braking. Thus the purpose of this research is to present a mechanism that can be accommodated as a Concurrent Brake Actuator (CBA) design to control the ideal nonlinear brake force distribution. In this paper, the conceptual design of the CBA mechanism is developed to be used as a based design for CBA development. Thus, two conceptual designs of the CBA mechanism have been generated. The proposed concept designs were evaluated based on Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (DFMEA) and SOLIDWORKS Motion Analysis. The potential failure of the CBA concept design was determined based on the risk priority number (RPN) in DFMEA. The information obtained from DFMEA was used in SOLIDWORKS Motion Analysis to identify stress performance analysis for each CBA conceptual design. Then, the best CBA concept design will be selected. The selection was made based on the highest score gained by the CBA concept design in qualitative evaluation. Based on the results, the fixed main body design with a tilted position linear slope in CBA Design I is potentially to actuate and distribute the nonlinear brake force to the front and rear brake with less potential of failure. Therefore, the proposed mechanism design will be used as a based mechanism design for CBA development.
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Bhati, Ragini, and Harsh V. Verma. "Antecedents of customer brand advocacy: a meta-analysis of the empirical evidence." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-12-2018-0165.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find out the antecedents of customer brand advocacy (CBA) on the basis of synthesis of the CBA literature. A summarisation of the results of the empirical CBA studies containing CBA as a measured variable is carried out. The antecedents’ strengths of association with CBA are compared. Design/methodology/approach The literature is synthesised using the technique of meta-analysis (Hedges and Olkin, 1985). A total of 63 empirical research papers containing 66 data sets, published between 1988 and 2019, are analysed. For each antecedent – CBA relationship, the statistics calculated include point estimate of the reliability adjusted correlation coefficient (ρ), 95% confidence interval of the computed effect size, Cochran’s Q statistic and fail safe-N. The effect of study context as a possible moderator is assessed. Findings The major antecedents of CBA, identified in the study, are categorised into personal factor (opinion leadership), relational factors (brand trust, customer satisfaction, brand identification, customer-based brand equity, affective commitment and normative commitment) and social factor (normative influence). Significant heterogeneity was found across studies for the paired relationships, pointing towards the presence of theoretical and/or methodological moderators. Originality/value The nascent CBA literature reports mixed findings. This creates confusion. This synthesis study contributes to the present body of knowledge of the concept of CBA. It is the only study that uses the technique of meta-analysis to the CBA literature.
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Kwon, Hee-Jin, Ji Hoon Choi, Hye Ree Kim, Seung-Jung Park, Dong Seop Jeong, Young Keun On, June Soo Kim, and Kyoung-Min Park. "Radiofrequency vs. Cryoballoon vs. Thoracoscopic Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Single-Center Experience." Medicina 57, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101023.
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Background and Objectives: Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) and totally thoracoscopic surgical ablation (TTA) have emerged as alternatives to radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation. In this study, we describe our experience comparing patient characteristics and outcomes of RFCA, CBA, and TTA. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent RFCA, CBA, or TTA. Both atrial fibrillation (AF)- and atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa)-free survival rates were compared using time to recurrence after a 3-month blanking period (defined by a duration of more than 30 s). All patients were regularly followed using 12-lead ECGs or Holter ECG monitoring. Results: Of 354 patients in this study, 125 underwent RFCA, 97 underwent CBA and 131 underwent TTA. The TTA group had more patients with persistent AF, a larger LA diameter, and a history of stroke. The CBA group showed the shortest procedure time (p < 0.001). The CBA group showed significantly lower AF-free survival at 12 months than the RFCA and TTA groups (RFCA 84%, CBA 74% and TTA 85%, p = 0.071; p = 0.859 for TTA vs. RFCA, p = 0.038 for RFCA vs. CBA and p = 0.046 for TTA vs. CBA). There were no significant differences in ATa-free survival among the three groups (p = 0.270). There were no procedure-related adverse events in the RFCA group, but some complications occurred in the CBA group and the TTA group (6% and 5%, respectively). Conclusions: RFCA and CBA are effective and safe as first-line treatments for paroxysmal and persistent AF. In some high-risk stroke patients, TTA may be a viable option. It is important to consider patient characteristics when selecting an ablation method for AF.
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Ohlemiller, Kevin K., Ashley R. Dahl, and Patricia M. Gagnon. "Divergent Aging Characteristics in CBA/J and CBA/CaJ Mouse Cochleae." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 11, no. 4 (August 13, 2010): 605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-010-0228-1.
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McGinn, Michael D., David Bean-Knudsen, and Richard W. Ermel. "Incidence of otitis media in CBA/J and CBA/CaJ mice." Hearing Research 59, no. 1 (April 1992): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(92)90094-4.
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VIDRIKOVÁ, Dagmar, and Jaroslav PROCHÁZKA. "RISKS OF ACCIDENTAL LOCATIONS IDENTIFICATION BY THE CEA AND CBA TOOL." Krízový Manažment 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/krm.c.2011.3.87-94.
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Li, Yu, Li Li, and Vivek Bindiganavile. "Constitutive Model of Uniaxial Compressive Behavior for Roller-Compacted Concrete Using Coal Bottom Ash Entirely as Fine Aggregate." Buildings 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050191.
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Coal bottom ash (CBA) is one of the by-products that can be employed as fine aggregate to replace natural sand in concrete. Owing to the very low water demand, roller-compacted concrete (RCC) has the potential to use CBA as fine aggregate at a high proportion. However, little research about RCC using CBA entirely as fine aggregate has been conducted. In this study, the uniaxial compressive strength, deformation, stress–strain curves, and splitting tensile strength of CBA-containing RCC (CBA RCC) were studied to bridge this gap. The compressive strength, elasticity modulus, and splitting tensile strength of all mixtures decreased with increasing CBA content. The relationship between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of CBA RCC was proposed, which is very close to that recommended by the CEB-FIP code. The uniaxial compressive constitutive model based on the continuum damage theory can well illustrate the stress–strain relationship of CBA RCC. The growth process of damage variable demonstrates the hybrid effect of coarse aggregate, cement, and compacting load on delaying damage under uniaxial compression. The theoretical formula can also accurately illustrate the stress–strain curves of RCC presented in the literature studies.
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Qomariah, Anis, Hartuti Purnaweni, and Sudarno Utomo. "Community-Based Adaptation: Challenge and Opportunity in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 01075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131701075.
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Climate change is a serious problem mostly caused by human activities but the impacts are felt by all creatures in the word. These conditions are worsened by the rise of ‘dirty industries’ that exceed the environmental carrying capacity. Many studies had showed that people need to do something to cut climate change from individual to state scale. Therefore, community plays an important role to climate change program’s success. It is known as community-based adaptation (CBA). CBA combines indigenous knowledge, community needs, and local conditions so the program is more likely to implement. In Indonesia, climate change adaptation and mitigation are run in community level namely ProKlim. Government also gives the best practiced community with title and prizes. This paper aims to identify and synthesize previous researches related to CBA and challenge and opportunity of CBA practices in Indonesia. The findings of this paper are CBA is proven in shaping resilience on disaster management, aquaculture, food, and water. Moreover, indigenous knowledge, local leader, funding, and government involvement are the important instrument of CBA. Despite the numerous reports on CBA succeed, there are still some challenge and opportunity of CBA practices in Indonesia.
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Quezada-Calvillo, R., M. Senchyna, and B. J. Underdown. "Characterization of intestinal gamma-glucoamylase deficiency in CBA/Ca mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 265, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): G1150—G1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.265.6.g1150.
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In previous work, we found that CBA/Ca mice display only 20% of the maltase activity present in other mouse strains. In this study, we characterized more fully the maltase deficiency in CBA/Ca mice. Virtually all of the intestinal maltase activity of CBA/Ca mice was inactivated at 50 degrees C, indicating that it was due only to the sucrase-isomaltase complex. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that CBA/Ca mice had undetectable maltase activity displaying the molecular mass characteristic of murine gamma-glucoamylase (gamma-GA) (530 kDa). Gel electrophoretic analysis confirmed that CBA/Ca mice lacked maltase activity with molecular mass of 530 kDa corresponding to gamma-GA. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis revealed that the gamma-GA deficiency in CBA/Ca mice was due to the failure to synthesize the enzyme and not to the synthesis of an inactive protein. gamma-GA maltase activity could not be induced in CBA/Ca mice by a diet rich in starch, whereas the activity of other disaccharidases were readily increased. gamma-GA-deficient CBA/Ca mice appear to lack any gross metabolic abnormality resulting from this defect.
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Wu, Shang-Ju, Cheng-Hung Li, Chi-Jen Weng, Jiunn-Cherng Lin, Yu-Shan Chien, Yi-Huei Chen, Ching-Heng Lin, et al. "Efficacy of Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation and Recurrence Predictors in an Asian Cohort." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050732.
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Background: Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rhythm control procedure used in clinical trials, mostly in Western countries. Its efficacy and the predictors of AF recurrence after CBA remain unclear for Asian populations. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of CBA and the predictors of AF recurrence after CBA in Asian AF patients. Methods: We included consecutive AF patients undergoing CBA for rhythm control between 2014 and 2020. The baseline characteristics, including AF types, symptom severity, and left atrial diameter (LAD), were analyzed. Holter’s monitoring and 12-lead ECG were performed to document AF recurrence. A multivariate Cox hazards regression model was used to evaluate the risk of AF recurrence. Results: A total of 120 AF patients (aged 61.9 ± 9.3 years) were included. The percentage of patients free from AF in the year following CBA was 74.2%. Among the three independent predictors of AF recurrence within one year were the presence of persistent AF (p = 0.025), an LAD ≥ 4.75 cm (p = 0.016), and pre-procedural cardioversion (p = 0.025). All patients survived and none had a stroke after CBA. Conclusion: CBA for AF is an effective and safe procedure in Asian populations. The presence of persistent AF, an LAD ≥ 4.75 cm, and severe symptoms are predictors of AF recurrence in the year following CBA.
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Kiger, N., G. Chaouat, J. P. Kolb, T. G. Wegmann, and J. L. Guenet. "Immunogenetic studies of spontaneous abortion in mice. Preimmunization of females with allogeneic cells." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 2966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.5.2966.
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Abstract CBA females (H-2k) mated with DBA2 males (H-2d) exhibit a high rate of fetal resorption (30%) when compared with the CBA female BALB/c male, CBA female/CBA male, DBA2 female/CBA male, DBA2 female/DBA2 male combinations (6 to 8%). Preimmunization of CBA females with spleen cells from DBA2, BALB/c, or CBA males were performed in order to test their effects on CBA maternal tolerance of (CBA X DBA2)F1 fetuses. Only preimmunization with BALB/c male cells was effective in decreasing resorption; cells from BALB/c females had no effect. In order to further test 1) the role of non-MHC-encoded antigens present in the BALB/c male background, 2) the necessity of an additional H-2 difference, and 3) whether or not the phenomenon is H-2d restricted, preimmunizations were performed by using cells from congenic BALB/k (H-2k), BALB/b (H-2b), or BALB/c (H-2d). Only the latter treatment was efficient, which suggests that the paternal H-2d haplotype must be presented in synergy with some non-MHC-encoded antigens in the BALB/c male background. Immunogenetic studies with cells from nine recombinant inbred strains that reassorted DBA2 and BALB/c genomes showed that three of them behave like BALB/c and six like DBA2. This would suggest that the genetic determinism of this phenomenon is simple.