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Journal articles on the topic "CB7"
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Saelman, EU, LF Horton, MJ Barnes, HR Gralnick, KM Hese, HK Nieuwenhuis, PG de Groot, and JJ Sixma. "Platelet adhesion to cyanogen-bromide fragments of collagen alpha 1(I) under flow conditions." Blood 82, no. 10 (November 15, 1993): 3029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.10.3029.3029.
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Abstract The aim of this investigation was to identify domains of collagen type I that can support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Four cyanogen bromide (CB) fragments composing 87% of the collagen alpha 1(I)-chain were studied under static and flow conditions. Under static conditions, bovine and human collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 induced aggregate formation, whereas alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 supported adhesion of dendritic and contact platelets. Bovine alpha 1(I)CB6 weakly supported platelet adhesion. At shear rate 300/s, collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 strongly supported platelet adhesion, whereas lower platelet adhesion was observed to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. The fragment alpha 1(I)CB6 did not support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was completely inhibited by a low concentration (0.6 IgG microgram/mL) of anti-GPIa monoclonal antibody (MoAb), whereas this concentration of antibody partially inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. At higher concentrations (3 micrograms/mL) the anti-glycoprotein Ia (GPIa) antibody completely inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB8 and further reduced adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7. Platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 was strongly inhibited by an anti-GPIb MoAb. A MoAb against the GPIb-binding site of von Willebrand factor (vWF) strongly inhibited platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8, whereas platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was not inhibited. We conclude that under flow conditions alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 support GPIa/IIa-dependent platelet adhesion. The GPIb-vWF interaction is important under flow conditions for adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 and probably also to alpha 1(I)CB3.
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Saelman, EU, LF Horton, MJ Barnes, HR Gralnick, KM Hese, HK Nieuwenhuis, PG de Groot, and JJ Sixma. "Platelet adhesion to cyanogen-bromide fragments of collagen alpha 1(I) under flow conditions." Blood 82, no. 10 (November 15, 1993): 3029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.10.3029.bloodjournal82103029.
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The aim of this investigation was to identify domains of collagen type I that can support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Four cyanogen bromide (CB) fragments composing 87% of the collagen alpha 1(I)-chain were studied under static and flow conditions. Under static conditions, bovine and human collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 induced aggregate formation, whereas alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 supported adhesion of dendritic and contact platelets. Bovine alpha 1(I)CB6 weakly supported platelet adhesion. At shear rate 300/s, collagen fragment alpha 1(I)CB3 strongly supported platelet adhesion, whereas lower platelet adhesion was observed to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. The fragment alpha 1(I)CB6 did not support platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was completely inhibited by a low concentration (0.6 IgG microgram/mL) of anti-GPIa monoclonal antibody (MoAb), whereas this concentration of antibody partially inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8. At higher concentrations (3 micrograms/mL) the anti-glycoprotein Ia (GPIa) antibody completely inhibited adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB8 and further reduced adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7. Platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 was strongly inhibited by an anti-GPIb MoAb. A MoAb against the GPIb-binding site of von Willebrand factor (vWF) strongly inhibited platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8, whereas platelet adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB3 was not inhibited. We conclude that under flow conditions alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, and alpha 1(I)CB8 support GPIa/IIa-dependent platelet adhesion. The GPIb-vWF interaction is important under flow conditions for adhesion to alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8 and probably also to alpha 1(I)CB3.
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Adamski, P. "Polarizability Anisotropy of CB6, CB7, CB8 and OCB8 Liquid Crystal Molecules." Crystal Research and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (June 1999): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4079(199906)34:5/6<763::aid-crat763>3.0.co;2-x.
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Li, Peijia, Dongqiang Hou, Hongxia Zhao, Hairui Wang, Kai Peng, and Junming Cao. "Dietary Clostridium butyricum Improves Growth Performance and Resistance to Ammonia Stress in Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (June 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6965174.
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The effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum (CB) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, tight junction proteins, and immune-related gene mRNA levels in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were investigated. The fish were fed with diets containing 0 (control, CB0), 4.8 × 10 6 (CB1), 4.5 × 10 7 (CB2), 5.1 × 10 8 (CB3), and 3.6 × 10 9 (CB4) CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum for 56 days followed by a 72 h ammonia challenge. The results showed that significantly higher final weight, specific growth rate, body length, and intestinal weight were observed in fish fed with CB diets ( P < 0.05 ). The fish fed with CB1, CB2, and CB3 diets had significantly higher intestinal length, propionic acid concentration, and alkaline phosphatase activity and significantly lower feed conversion ratio than those in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Significantly higher concentrations of butyric acid and valeric acid and significantly lower malondialdehyde content were observed in CB4 than in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Intestosomatic index, villus length, villus width, intestinal protease, Na+/K+-ATPase, and creatine kinase activities were significantly increased in CB2 or CB3 than in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Fish in CB2 or CB3 had significantly lower content of interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 and relative expression of interleukin 1 (Il-1), interleukin 8 (Il-8), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (Nf-κb) compared to that in CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Dietary CB significantly decreased the relative expression of myosin light chain kinase (Mlck) (P <0.05). Significantly higher relative expressions of claudin-1, zonula occludens protein-1, and occludin were observed in CB2, CB3, and CB4 compared to CB0 ( P < 0.05 ). Fish in CB0 had higher CMR than that in CB2, CB3, and CB4 under ammonia nitrogen stress for 48 and 72 h ( P < 0.05 ). Dietary Clostridium butyricum improved growth performance and resistance to ammonia stress in yellow catfish by increasing intestinal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) productions, upregulating genes encoding tight junction proteins, downregulating transcription of proinflammatory factors Il-1 and Il-8, and inhibiting the Mlck/Nf-κb signaling pathway.
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Saleh, Na’il, Muna S. Bufaroosha, Ziad Moussa, Rukayat Bojesomo, Hebah Al-Amodi, and Asia Al-Ahdal. "Encapsulation of Cinnamic Acid by Cucurbit[7]uril for Enhancing Photoisomerization." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163702.
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Cis- or Z-configuration is required for the plant growth-promoting activity of cinnamic acid (CA), whereas the E-form is inactive. Herein, we describe the encapsulation of E-CA by cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and show that photoisomerization reactions can be more efficiently controlled in aqueous solutions by utilizing this supramolecular approach. Measurements of UV–visible absorption and proton NMR spectra at different pH values confirm that E-CA and its methyl ester, methyl-E-cinnamate (MC), form stronger 1:1 host–guest complexes with CB7 compared to cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) or three cyclodextrins (α-, β-, and γ-CD). Irradiation of (300 nm) UV light to an aqueous solution of the CB7-bound E isomers induces E to Z photoisomerization and the dissociation of the complex. When the same solution is irradiated by (254 nm) UV light, Z to E conformational changes of the unbound Z isomers are observed and are accompanied by restoring the host–guest complex formation.
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Wu, Shilian, Yanqiong Zhang, Long Yang, and Can-Peng Li. "Label-Free Fluorescent Determination of Sunset Yellow in Soft Drinks Based on an Indicator-Displacement Assay." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6302345.
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This work reported a fluorescence sensing platform for Sunset Yellow (SY) determination based on competitive host-guest interaction between cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and signal probe/target molecules. Luteolin/epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and SY were selected as the probe and target molecules, respectively. When luteolin or EGCG entered the CB7 host, its fluorescence significantly improved. However, upon the presence of SY in the performed luteolin·CB7 or EGCG·CB7 complex, this led to a remarkable decrease in fluorescence. This result was due to the fact that the binding constant of CB7/SY (4.9×104 M−1) was greater than that of CB7/luteolin (3.2×103 M−1) or CB7/EGCG (4.8×103 M−1). The fluorescence intensities of CB7/luteolin and CB7/EGCG complexes decreased linearly with increased SY concentration ranges of 0.5–50.0 and 2.0–50.0 μM. The proposed method had detection limits of 0.12 and 0.45 μM and was successfully used to determine SY samples with good recoveries ranging from 96.3% to 103.8%. This competitive mode provided a promising fluorescence assay strategy for potential applications in food safety.
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Zhang, Yan, Meiling Qi, and Ruonong Fu. "High-efficiency cucurbit[7]uril capillary column for gas chromatographic separations of structural and positional isomers." RSC Advances 6, no. 42 (2016): 36163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05290h.
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Morton, L. F., A. R. Peachey, L. S. Zijenah, A. H. Goodall, M. J. Humphries, and M. J. Barnes. "Conformation-dependent platelet adhesion to collagen involving integrin alpha 2 beta 1-mediated and other mechanisms: multiple alpha 2 beta 1-recognition sites in collagen type I." Biochemical Journal 299, no. 3 (May 1, 1994): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2990791.
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Platelet adhesion has been measured to type-I monomeric collagen, collagen fibres, alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains and the chain fragments alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB6, alpha 1(I)CB7 and alpha 1(I)CB8, and alpha 2(I)CB3,5 and alpha 2(I)CB4. Little if any adhesion occurred to any denatured species at 37 degrees C, demonstrating the importance of the collagen helix. However, on coating at 4 degrees C to promote helix formation, and assaying at room temperature to avoid denaturation, adhesion was observed to both alpha-chain types and all fragments, the exact level of which depended on the identity of the species in question. Adhesion was strongly Mg(2+)-dependent. Antibodies against the integrin alpha 2 beta 1 partially inhibited adhesion to alpha-chains and all fragments except alpha 1(I)CB6, indicating a wide distribution of alpha 2 beta 1-binding sites in the collagen molecule. ‘Activation-dependent’ adhesion to monomeric collagen, totally secondary to alpha 2 beta 1-mediated adhesion, involved at least two mechanisms, one mediated by integrin alpha IIb beta 3 and insensitive to prostaglandin E1, the other inhibitable by prostaglandin E1 but independent of integrin alpha IIb beta 3. alpha IIb beta 3-mediated adhesion to fragments was, at least in part, independent of the alpha 2 beta 1-mediated adhesion. Adhesion to fibres was largely bivalent-cation-independent with only minor involvement of integrin alpha 2 beta 1. Some alpha IIb beta 3-mediated adhesion occurred but was independent of any alpha 2 beta 1-initiated adhesion. Total ‘activation-dependent’ adhesion to fibres was less than to monomeric collagen. Affinity chromatography revealed bivalent-cation-independent binding to fibres of three main platelet surface proteins, 90, 150 and 190 kDa in size.
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Kommidi, Sai Shradha Reddy, and Bradley D. Smith. "Cucurbit[7]uril Complexation of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Azobenzene-Cyanine Conjugates." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 5440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175440.
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Two new azobenzene heptamethine cyanine conjugates exist as dispersed monomeric molecules in methanol solution and exhibit near-infrared (NIR) cyanine absorption and fluorescence. Both conjugates form non-emissive cyanine H-aggregates in water, but the addition of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) induces dye deaggregation and a large increase in cyanine NIR fluorescence emission intensity. CB7 encapsulates the protonated azonium tautomer of the 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)azobenzene component of each azobenzene–cyanine conjugate and produces a distinctive new absorption band at 534 nm. The complex is quite hydrophilic, which suggests that CB7 can be used as a supramolecular additive to solubilize this new family of NIR azobenzene–cyanine conjugates for future biomedical applications. Since many azobenzene compounds are themselves potential drug candidates or theranostic agents, it should be possible to formulate many of them as CB7 inclusion complexes with improved solubility, stability, and pharmaceutical profile.
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Seco, André, Ana Marta Diniz, João Sarrato, Henrique Mourão, Hugo Cruz, A. Jorge Parola, and Nuno Basílio. "A pseudorotaxane formed from a cucurbit[7]uril wheel and a bioinspired molecular axle with pH, light and redox-responsive properties." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0225.
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AbstractA pH-, light- and redox-responsive flavylium-bipyridinium molecular dyad (bioinspired in natural anthocyanins) was synthesized and employed to devise a pseudorotaxane with the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) in aqueous solution. The inclusion complex was characterized by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, NMR and electrochemical techniques which demonstrate formation of a stable binary complex between the dyad and CB7 both under acidic and neutral conditions. It is noteworthy that the flavylium-bipyridinium tricationic dyad is only stable in highly acidic media, undergoing a reversible hydration reaction at slightly acidic or neutral pH to give a trans-chalcone-bipyridinium dication. 1H NMR experiments showed that in this last species the CB7 binds to the bipyridinium unit while in the tricationic species the macrocycle is positioned between the flavylium and the bipyridinium moieties. The different location of the CB7 wheel in the two dyad states allows control of the shuttling movement using light and pH stimuli that trigger the interconversion between these two species.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CB7"
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Bayer, Michael J. "Neue Carborane aus CB2-, CB3- und C2B2-Organoboranen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964277573.
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Chui, Daniel. "Action of CB1 and CB2 antagonists/inverse agonists on mantle cell lymphoma." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12279.
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In this study, the effects of antagonists to the cannabinoid receptors in MCL cell lines were studied. Results presented in this study show that signalling through cannabinoid receptor with antagonists such as SR141716, SR144528 decreases cell viability but hemopressin when analyzing with XTT. The decrease in cell viability by SR141716 is caused by apoptosis triggered after 5 hours of treatment. The CB1 expression was confirmed in all MCL cell lines tested via western blotting but the expression of CB2 and GPR55 – another receptor to which SR141716 has affinity - was not confirmed due to lack of reliable antibodies. Specific agonist to GPR55 – LPI (l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol) showed different response compared to SR141716 which suggests that the effect seen by SR141716 was not induced through GPR55. The effect induced by CB1/CB2 agonist AEA is shown to be neither through CB1 or CB2 alone but possibly on another receptor yet to be described.
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Etayo, Labiano Iñigo Javier. "Heterómeros de receptores CB1, CB2 y GPR55 y su implicación en enfermedades neurodegenerativas y alcoholismo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586086.
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Los receptores de cannabinoides, CB1R y CB2R, que forman parte del sistema endocannabinoide, pertenecen a la superfamilia de receptores acoplados a proteína G (GPCR). El sistema endocannabinoide se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con enfermedades neurodegenerativas que cursan con un proceso de neuroinflamación, como el Parkinson y el Alzheimer. En este proyecto de tesis se ha investigado el papel de los receptores CB1 y CB2 y del heterómero CB1R/CB2R en el contexto de la neuroinflamación. Para ello, se emplearon células N9 inmortalizadas de microglía que expresan los receptores CB1 y CB2, tratadas con LPS e IFN-γ para simular la neuroinflamación, así como tejido y cultivos primarios de animales modelo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Mediante el uso de técnicas de transferencia de energía y de microscopía confocal se demostró que la formación de heterómeros entre CB1R y CB2R se potencia en condiciones de neuroinflamación. También se constató un aumento de la expresión del receptor CB2 en microglía activada, que afectó a la formación de heterómeros CB1R/CB2R. El análisis de la señalización cannabinoide en células N9 y en los modelos animales demostró que la señalización cannabinoide en microglía activada contrasta con la observada en las células en reposo. Mientras que en reposo se observa un fenómeno de cross-talk negativo entre los receptores CB1 y CB2, en células activadas se observa un cross-talk positivo. Estos resultados convierten al heterómero CB1R/CB2R en una interesante diana terapéutica en procesos neuropatológicos que cursan con neuroinflamación.
El sistema endocannabinoide también está implicado en procesos adictivos como el alcoholismo. En adicción alcohólica, una de las estructuras cerebrales más afectadas es el hipocampo. En el segundo apartado de esta tesis doctoral se analizó el efecto del etanol en la señalización de los receptores CB2 y GPR55 (receptor relacionado con el sistema endocannabinoide) y del heterómero CB2R/GPR55, tanto en células HEK-293T transfectadas como en neuronas de hipocampo de rata. Pudo comprobarse que el etanol no altera la heteromerización de los receptores CB2 y GPR55 en células transfectadas. El análisis de la funcionalidad mostró que el etanol no afecta a la señalización por la vía del cAMP del receptor CB2 individual ni del heterómero CB2R/GPR55, ni en células transfectadas ni en cultivos primarios. Este resultado contrasta con la fuerte inhibición en la fosforilación de ERK1/2 observada en ambos modelos celulares, que afectó al receptor CB2R y al heterómero CB2R/GPR55. El análisis de la señalización por calcio del receptor GPR55 en células transfectadas mostró que el etanol potencia la señalización vía calcio de este receptor. Finalmente, mediante técnicas de microscopía confocal, pudo comprobarse que en la corteza frontal de pacientes alcohólicos la heteromerización de los receptores CB2 y GPR55 está potenciada, con un incremento en el número de heterómeros observados con respecto a los individuos sanos. Estos resultados, junto con las evidencias previas de la implicación del sistema endocannabinoide en el alcoholismo, convierten a los receptores CB2 y GPR55 y al heterómero CB2/GPR55 en una interesante diana terapéutica.CB1 and CB2 receptors are part of the mammalian endocannabinoid system, which is involved in neurologic alterations involving neuroinflammation. Considering these precedents, in this thesis project the main objectives were to demonstrate the implication of cannabinoid receptor heteromers in the regulation of neuroinflammatory processes in activated microglia, in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases. Using N9 cells and animal models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, along with Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and microscopy techniques, we could demonstrate that the action of cannabinoids on CB1R/CB2R heteromers are potentiated in activated microglia. Using advanced techniques for the study of cell signaling, we were able to prove relevant changes in the signaling of cannabinoid receptors. Whereas in resting cells we could observe negative cross-talk between CB1 and CB2 receptors, in activated microglia this phenomenon changed to a positive cross-talk. Taking in mind these results, and with further investigation, the endocannabinoid system is a promising therapeutic target in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. The endocannabinoid system is also implicated in some addiction processes such as alcoholism. It’s also important to note that in alcoholism the hippocampus is altered. In the second part of this Thesis, we aimed to study the effect of ethanol in the signaling of CB2R, GPR55 (which is related with the endocannabinoid system) and the heteromer CB2R/GPR55. Using transfected HEK-293T cells and primary cell cultures from rat hippocampus, along with Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and microscopy techniques, we could determine that ethanol did not affect heteromerization. However, cell signaling analysis determined that ethanol inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by CB2R and CB2R/GPR55 activation. Calcium signaling analysis of GPR55 resulted in a potentiation of the signal; presumably because of ethanol. We could also study CB2R and GPR55 heteromerization in prefrontal cortex of human alcoholic patients, using proximity ligation assays. Using this approach, we could determine that, compared with age-matched controls, there is an increase in the expression of heteromers. With these interesting results, it is possible to point cannabinoid receptors as therapeutic targets in alcoholism.
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Julien, Boris. "Mise en évidence du rôle des récepteurs des cannabinoides CB1 et CB2 dans la fibrogénèse hépatique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11T062.
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Deveaux, Vanessa. "Mise en évidence de deux nouvelles fonctions du système endocannabinoïde dans la physiopathologie de la stéatose hépatique : propriétés stéatogènes du récepteur CB2 et profibrogéniques du récepteur CB1." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462145.
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Les cannabinoïdes présents dans la marijuana agissent par l'intermédiaire de deux récepteurs, CB1 et CB2, qui sont également activés par des molécules endogènes, les endocannabinoïdes. Les récepteurs CB1, majoritairement exprimés dans le cerveau, relaient les effets psychoactifs du cannabis, mais exercent également de nombreux effets périphériques. Les récepteurs CB2 prédominent dans les cellules du système immunitaire et interviennent notamment dans la régulation de la réponse immune et inflammatoire. Il apparaît aujourd'hui que le système endocannabinoïde joue un rôle crucial au cours des maladies du foie. En effet, le récepteur CB1 participe au développement de l'hypertension portale et de la cardiomyopathie cirrhotique, deux complications de la cirrhose. Il possède des propriétés stéatogènes associées à l'obésité et à la consommation excessive d'alcool. Le récepteur CB2 quant à lui possède des propriétés antifibrogéniques et protège de l'ischémie reperfusion. L'obésité est associée à une réponse inflammatoire qui joue un rôle déterminant dans l'insulino-résistance et la stéatopathie métabolique. Des travaux récents ont montré que le système cannabinoïde favorise le développement de la stéatose par l'intermédiaire des récepteurs CB1. Les récepteurs CB2 interviennent dans la régulation de la réponse immune et inflammatoire. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons donc étudié le rôle des récepteurs CB2 dans le développement de l'obésité, de l'insulino résistance et de la stéatopathie métabolique à l'aide de souris sauvages et invalidées pour le récepteur CB2. Nous avons observé que les souris invalidées pour le récepteur CB2 soumises à un régime hyperlipidique ont une prise de poids significativement plus faible que les souris sauvages consécutivement à une augmentation de l'excrétion fécales des lipides et de l'oxydation des acides gras. Les souris obèses invalidées pour le récepteur CB2 sont plus sensibles à l'insuline et développent une stéatose réduite par rapport aux souris sauvages. Les souris sauvages développent une inflammation importante dans le tissu adipeux viscéral. En revanche, l'induction des cytokines proinflammatoires est significativement plus faible chez les souris CB2-/- exposées au régime hyper lipidique ou chez des souris sauvages obèses traitées avec l'AM630 un antagoniste du récepteur CB2. À l'inverse, l'activation des récepteurs CB2 par un agoniste sélectif conduit à une augmentation de la production de TNFα et de CCL2 dans des explants de tissu adipeux isolés de souris obèses sauvages. Ces résultats constituent la première mise en évidence du rôle des récepteurs CB2 dans le développement de l'obésité, de l'insulino résistance et de la stéatose. Le mécanisme mis en jeu implique probablement un effet proinflammatoire des récepteurs CB2 dans le tissu adipeux. La fibrose est la complication commune de toutes les maladies chroniques du foie et conduit à la cirrhose et à ses complications sévères. Nous avons observé que l'expression de récepteur CB1 est induite dans les zones de fibrose au cours de la cirrhose chez l'homme, notamment dans les cellules fibrogéniques du foie, alors qu'il est peu exprimé dans le foie humain normal. Ces résultats nous ont conduit à évaluer le rôle du récepteur CB1 dans la progression de la fibrose, en étudiant les conséquences de son invalidation génétique et pharmacologique dans trois modèles expérimentaux de physiopathogénie différente, l'administration chronique de tétrachlorure de carbone ou de thioacétamide, ou la ligature de la voie biliaire principale. Dans ces trois modèles, nous avons démontré que l'administration per os d'un antagoniste du récepteur CB1, le rimonabant prévient la fibrogenèse. L'étude des mécanismes impliqués dans les effets antifibrogéniques du rimonabant a révélé que la molécule diminue l'accumulation des cellules fibrogéniques du foie en inhibant leur prolifération. Ces résultats mettent en évidence les propriétés profibrogénique du récepteur CB1 et suggèrent que l'utilisation d'antagonistes du récepteur CB1 pourrait constituer une approche intéressante du traitement de la fibrose.
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Gaertzen, Oliver. "Asymmetrische Synthese von C1-C9- und C17-C27-Fragmenten der Bryostatine und De-novo-Synthese enantiomerenreiner Glycosidderivate." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=958049645.
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González, Dorasco Brenda Montserrat. "Expresión de los receptores de endocanabinoides CB1 y CB2 en leucocitos de ratones suplementados con edulcorantes comerciales." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/105342.
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N/AEl sobrepeso y la obesidad ocasionados por consumo excesivo de alimentos con alto contenido energético es uno de los principales problemas de salud que afectan a la sociedad actualmente. Estas patologías están ligadas a alteraciones del sistema inmunológico que inducen inflamación crónica de bajo grado, que a su vez promueve alteraciones metabólicas como la resistencia a la insulina y el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Una consecuencia de la inflamación crónica es la liberación de moléculas de señalización que inhiben los efectos negativos de la inflamación y regresan al organismo a la homeostasis. Entre ellas, la señalización dependiente de endocanabinoides es esencial para la regulación del metabolismo energético y el funcionamiento del sistema inmunológico, principalmente por la señalización a través de los receptores específicos para endocanabinoides CB1 y CB2. Los receptores CB se localizan en múltiples tipos de células y tejidos, incluyendo el cerebro y los órganos linfoides primarios y secundarios. En años recientes, ha habido un interés mayor en analizar las consecuencias de las modificaciones dietéticas sobre el sistema inmunológico, debido a su papel como el principal sistema de defensa del organismo. Igualmente, ha habido interés en determinar la utilidad de las modificaciones nutricionales para modular funciones fisiológicas relevantes, incluyendo la producción de endocanabinoides y su señalización en diversos tejidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias en la expresión de los receptores CB1 y CB2 en el bazo y timo de ratones adultos BALB/c, machos y hembras, suplementados con edulcorantes nutritivos y no nutritivos durante 6 semanas. Nuestros resultados muestran un incremento en la expresión de receptores CB1 en el bazo de ratones hembras suplementados con sucralosa, mientras que los ratones machos del mismo grupo muestran una disminución en la expresión de este receptor, comparados con controles sin suplementación. En contraste, la expresión de CB2 se incrementó en ratones machos suplementados con sacarosa, pero no en las hembras. La expresión de CB1 en el timo mostró un descenso significativo entre los grupos de sucralosa y glucósidos de esteviol en machos, pero no se observaron diferencias en las hembras. Finalmente, la expresión de CB2 en el timo fue más variable, con la sacarosa y sucralosa causando una disminución en la expresión de CB2 en machos y la sacarosa incrementando su expresión en hembras, comparados con los controles. Nuestros resultados muestran que el consumo frecuente de edulcorantes no nutritivos tiene efectos diferenciales dependientes del sexo sobre la expresión de los receptores CB1 y CB2 en el bazo y timo, lo que puede implicar alteraciones en las funciones del sistema inmunológico.
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Vakalopoulos, Alexandros. "Asymmetrische Fragmentsynthesen des Bryostatins (C1 - C16 und C19 - C27), Pederins (C10 - C17), Leucascandrolids (C1 - C9), Hennoxazols (C2 - C8) und Macrolactins (C11 - C17) neuartige Entschützungsmethoden von SEM-Ethern und Dithianen /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=959606416.
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Dos, Santos Gilson Gonçalves 1986. "Involviment of cannabinoids CB1, CB2 recepotrs and KAPT channel in the anti-hiperalgesic effect mediated by dipyrone and its bioactives metabolites = Envolvimento dos receptores canabinóides CB-1 e CB-2 e canais KATP do tecido periférico na analgesia mediada pela dipirona e seus metabólitos bioativos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313994.
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Orientador: Carlos Amilcar ParadaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A dipirona (metamizol) é um pró-fármaco analgésico utilizado no controle da dor moderada, sendo metabolizada em dois metabolitos bioativos: 4-metil-aminoantipirina (4-MAA) e 4-aminoantipirina (4-AA). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a participação de receptores canabinóides periféricos, CB1, CB2 e canais de KATP sobre o efeito anti-hiperalgésico da dipirona, 4-MAA ou 4- AA. Para indução de hiperalgesia, PGE2 (100 ng/pata ) foi administrada localmente na pata traseira de ratos Wistar machos, e o limiar hiperalgésico mecânico foi quantificado por Von- Frey eletrônico, antes e três horas após a injeção. Dipirona, 4-MAA ou 4-AA foram administrados 30 minutos antes do Von Frey. Os antagonistas seletivos do receptor CB1 (AM251), CB2 (AM630) e glibenclamida, um bloqueador KATP (80 ug) ou ODQ um inibidor de cGMP (32 ?g) foram administrados 30 minutos antes da Dipirona, 4-MAA ou 4 -AA. O ODN-antisense para reduzir a expressão do receptor CB1 (30 ?g) foi administrado por via intratecal, uma vez por dia durante quatro dias consecutivos. A hiperalgesia mecânica induzida pela PGE2 foi reduzida pela dipirona, 4-MAA, e 4-AA de maneira dose-dependente. AM251 ou ODN-antisense contra o receptor neuronal CB1, mas não AM630, reduziu o efeito anti-hiperalgésico mediado por 4-AA, mas não da dipirona ou 4-MAA. Por outro lado, o efeito anti-hiperalgésico da dipirona, ou 4-MAA foi revertido por glibenclamida ou ODQ. Os resultados sugerem que a ativação de receptores neuronal CB1, mas não do receptor CB2, no tecido periférico esteja envolvido no efeito anti-hiperalgésico do metabólito 4-AA. Além disso, a dipirona e 4-MAA possui um efeito anti-hiperalgesico dependente de cGMP e consequente abertura KATP
Abstract: Dipyrone (metamizole) is an analgesic pro-drug used to control moderate pain. It is metabolized in two bioactive metabolites: 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA). The aim of this study was to investigate the participation of peripheral CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors activation on the anti-hyperalgesic effect of Dypirone, 4-MAA or 4-AA. For induction of hyperalgesia, PGE2 (100 ng) was locally administrated in hindpaw of male Wistar rats, and the mechanical nociceptive threshold was quantified by electronic von-Frey, before and 3 hours after its injection. Dypirone, 4-MAA or 4-AA was administrated 30 minutes before the von-Frey test. The selective CB1 receptor antagonist AM251, CB2 receptor antagonist AM630, cGMP inhibitor ODQ (32 ?g) or KATP blocker glibenclamide (80 ?g) was administrated 30 minutes before Dypirone, 4-MAA or 4-AA. The antisense-ODN against CB1 receptor expression (30 ?g) was intrathecally administrated once a day during four consecutive days. PGE2-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was inhibited by dypirone, 4-MAA, and 4-AA in a dose-response manner. AM251 or ODN anti-sense against neuronal CB1 receptor, but not AM630, reversed the antihyperalgesic effect mediated by 4-AA, but not by dypirone or 4-MAA. On the other hand, the anti-hyperalgesic effect of dypirone or 4-MAA was reversed by Glibenclamide or ODQ. These results suggest that the activation of neuronal CB1, but not CB2 receptor, in the peripheral tissue is involved in the anti-hyperalgesic effect of 4-aminoantipyrine. In addition, 4- methylaminontipyrine mediates anti-hyperalgesic effect by the cGMP activation and the KATP opening
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Reyes, Resina Irene. "Heterómeros de receptores CB1, CB2, GPR55 y GPR18: Señalización celular, farmacología y análisis de su potencial como dianas terapéuticas de enfermedades neurodegenerativas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586258.
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Los receptores cannabinoides CB1R y CB2R son GPCRs que forman parte del sistema endocannabinoide y son considerados dianas potenciales para numerosas enfermedades. Su compleja farmacología junto con la naturaleza lipofílica de sus ligandos perjudica la traslacionalidad de la investigación centrada en el sistema endocannabinoide. Para comprender mejor la farmacología de CB2R se puso a punto una técnica homogénea y no radioactiva para estudiar la unión de ligando en célula viva, gracias a la cual se identificó un segundo centro de afinidad en CB2R, y cambios conformacionales en el receptor cuando éste se coexpresa con GPR55, un GPCR huérfano que une cannabinoides.
Los GPCRs pueden formar heterooligómeros, con propiedades farmacológicas diferentes a las de los receptores individuales. Dado que existen complejos CB1R-CB2R y CB2R-GPR55, se investigó si CB1R y GPR55 podían formar complejos heteroméricos. Se confirmó esta posibilidad en un sistema de expresión heterólogo y en muestras de sistema nervioso central, donde se detectó la huella del heterómero.
Se postula que en microglía la activación de los receptores de cannabinoides produce un efecto neuroprotector. El GPCR huérfano GPR18, que une cannabinoides y comparte con CB2R un papel regulador de la respuesta inmune, se expresa en microglía. Dado que se ha sugerido un posible cross-talk entre CB2R y GPR18, se estudió si GPR18 era capaz de interaccionar con CB1 y CB2. Se observó que GPR18 no es capaz de formar complejos heteroméricos con CB1R, pero si con CB2, tanto en un sistema heterólogo como en microglía, y en ambos casos se detectó la huella del heterómero. En microglía activada y en cultivos primarios de ratones modelo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer la expresión de CB2R-GPR18 se encuentra aumentada.
Dado el papel de CB2R en microglía, se estudió la presencia y la función de los complejos CB1R-CB2R en microglía en reposo y activada. La expresión aumentada de complejos CB1R-CB2R y su señalización en microglía activada indican que la función de los cannabinoides es la de mantener la microglía en reposo, pero desencadenar una señalización robusta cuando la microglía se activa. En cerebro de animales modelo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (Parkinson y Alzheimer), donde se encontraron marcadores de microglía activada, se observaron resultados similares a los encontrados en una línea de microglía tratada con lipopolisácarido e interferón gamma. Ello sugiere que CB1R, CB2R y CB1R-CB2R en microglía activada tienen potencial como dianas en el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas que cursan con neuroinflamación.
Los receptores CB2R y GPR55 tienen un relevante papel en mecanismos de respuesta a estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Considerando la estrecha relación entre las enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas y el suicidio, se evaluó si la expresión de los complejos CB2R-GPR55 está alterada en suicidas. Se detectó la presencia de heterómeros CB2-GPR55 en corteza prefrontal, y un aumento en la expresión de estos heterómeros en corteza prefrontal de muestras de suicidas.
Para investigar el potencial terapéutico de los fitocannabinoides es necesario conocer mejor su relación con CB1R y CB2R, ya que el mecanismo de acción del cannabidiol y el cannabigerol (dos importantes componentes no psicotrópicos de la planta del cannabis) sobre estos receptores es aún confuso. Se observó que a concentraciones nanomolares el cannabidiol es capaz de modular de manera negativa la tanto la afinidad de la unión de los agonistas a CB2R como la señalización mediada por este receptor, por lo que se postula que el cannabidiol es un modulador alostérico de CB2R. En cambio, cannabigerol parece unirse al centro ortostérico de CB1R y CB2R, sobre los que actúa como un agonista con selectividad funcional, y modula la señalización de los cannabinoides sobre los heterómeros CB1R-CB2R.Cannabinoid CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 (CB2R) receptors are GPCRs of the mammalian endocannabinoid system.Their complex pharmacology is delaying the translational success of medications targeting the endocannabinoid system. To better understand CB2R pharmacology, a novel homogeneous technique was developed to study ligand binding to CB2R in living cells, which disclosed a second affinity state of CB2R and conformational changes when CB2R interacts with another GPCR. To know how cannabinoid signaling is affected by receptor-receptor interactions, we studied whether CB1R and CB2R interact with two orphan GPCRs, namely GPR55 and GPR18. CB1R-GPR55 and CB2R-GPR18 heteromers were detected both in transfected cells and in the central nervous system, and their fingerprint was also revealed. Given the neuroprotective role of CB2R activation to prevent neuroinflammation, the presence of CB1R-CB2R and CB2R-GPR18 heteromers was studied in both resting and activated microglia. The higher number of complexes and the differential signalling found both in activated microglia and in the brain of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, indicate that CB1R-CB2R and CB2R-GPR18 heteromers have a role in neuroprotection. Other pathologies where cannabinoid receptors have shown an important role are anxiety and depression disorders, which are related to suicide. The presence of the previously described CB2R-GPR55 heteromer was detected in human prefrontal cortex, and a higher amount of heteroreceptor complexes was found in samples from suicide victims, indicating that CB2R-GPR55 heteromers could have a role in depression. To further exploit the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoids, it is also important to understand how phytocannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and cannabigerol, two compounds found in the cannabis plant and which lack psychoactive effects, interact with CB1R and CB2R. Nanomolar concentrations of cannabidiol modulated in a negative way the affinity of the binding of agonists to CB2R as well as the signaling mediated by this receptor. Thus, it is postulated that cannabidiol is an allosteric modulator of CB2R. In contrast, cannabigerol appears to bind to the orthosteric center of CB1R and CB2R, where it acts as an agonist with functional selectivity, and modulates the signaling of the cannabinoids on CB1R-CB2R heteromers.
Books on the topic "CB7"
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Pyle, Michael A. TOEFL CBT: TOEFL CBT. Foster City, CA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002.
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G, Harris Eric, ed. CB3. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, 2012.
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Dryden, Windy. Single-Session Integrated CBT (SSI-CBT). London ; New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: CBT: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623122.
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Singh, Harbans. CBI file. New Delhi: Roli Books International, 1987.
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Tafrate, Raymond Chip, and Damon Mitchell, eds. Forensic CBT. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118589878.
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CBC exposed. St. Catharines, ON: Freedom Press Canada, 2012.
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Outside CBI. New Delhi: Gyan Pub. House, 1999.
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Bobrow, Jerry. GRE CBT. 6th ed. Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, 2000.
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Singh, Joginder. Inside CBI. New Delhi, India: Chandrika Publications, 1999.
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Alexander, Tsygankov, ed. Cbl proteins. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "CB7"
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Pertwee, Roger G. "CB1 and CB2 Receptor Pharmacology." In Cannabinoids and the Brain, 91–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74349-3_7.
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Faggian, Claudia, and Giulio Guerrieri. "Factorization in Call-by-Name and Call-by-Value Calculi via Linear Logic." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 205–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71995-1_11.
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AbstractIn each variant of the $$\lambda $$ λ -calculus, factorization and normalization are two key properties that show how results are computed. Instead of proving factorization/normalization for the call-by-name (CbN) and call-by-value (CbV) variants separately, we prove them only once, for the bang calculus (an extension of the $$\lambda $$ λ -calculus inspired by linear logic and subsuming CbN and CbV), and then we transfer the result via translations, obtaining factorization/normalization for CbN and CbV.The approach is robust: it still holds when extending the calculi with operators and extra rules to model some additional computational features.
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Gotthardt, Marie, Julian Striegl, Claudia Loitsch, and Gerhard Weber. "Voice Assistant-Based CBT for Depression in Students: Effects of Empathy-Driven Dialog Management." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 451–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08648-9_52.
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AbstractWith a rising number of students with depression, new low-threshold solutions have to be found to strengthen the resilience against and help those affected by mental disorders. One approach lies in the usage of chatbots (CBs) to provide tools based in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that can be used independently in order to reduce symptoms of depression. To ensure the adherence to such systems, a good usability and acceptance is important. Conversational agents (CAs) that provide CBT-based content should further be sensitive to the users emotional state, as empathy is one central aspect of therapy. While promising research has been going on in the field of CB-based empathy-driven CBT, voice assistant-based (VA-based) solutions have thus far not been investigated deeply. Therefore, we propose a VA-based, empathy-driven system, capable of delivering selected methods from CBT to students with depression.To assess the effects of empathy-driven dialog management on perceived usability and acceptance, we conducted a single blind randomized controlled A/B testing experiment with 10 participants. While the application of empathetical dialog management shows no benefits to the usability and acceptance, results overall indicate a good usability and acceptance of the system in the target group.
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Kotsikorou, Evangelia, and Patricia Reggio. "Overview of Non-CB1/CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors: Chemistry and Modeling." In endoCANNABINOIDS, 29–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4669-9_2.
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Tsygankov, Alexander Y. "Cbl." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 769–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101564.
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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola, et al. "CBT." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 276. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4112.
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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola, et al. "CBF." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 276. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_6006.
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Hoyer, Daniel, Eric P. Zorrilla, Pietro Cottone, Sarah Parylak, Micaela Morelli, Nicola Simola, Nicola Simola, et al. "CBV." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 276. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_6007.
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Gooch, Jan W. "CBA." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 126. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2074.
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Shultz, Thomas R., Scott E. Fahlman, Susan Craw, Periklis Andritsos, Panayiotis Tsaparas, Ricardo Silva, Chris Drummond, et al. "CBR." In Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, 166. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_104.
Full textConference papers on the topic "CB7"
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Barnes, M. J., C. M. Fitzsimmons, and L. F. Morton. "THE STRUCTURE OF PLATELET-REACTIVE SITES IN COLLAGENS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643588.
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Collagen-induced platelet aggregation is an essential step in haemostasis and may be important in thrombosis, particularly that associated with the atherosclerotic plaque. We have located platelet-binding sites in collagen by fragmentation of the molecule with cyanogen bromide (CB) and measurement of the platelet aggregatory activity of the fragments following their renaturation to restore triple-helical configuration and polymerisation to introduce quaternary structure. We have found a high1y-reactive site in collagen type III located in the peptide α1(III)CB4 which was active at a concentration of less than 0.5μg/ml. The equivalent peptide from type I collagen α1(I)CB3 occurring in precisely the same location in the respective parent molecule (residues 403-551) and exhibiting a structure highly homologous to that of α1(III)CB4 was active only at concentrations higher than 200μg/ml. α1(I)CB7, the most active of the type I peptides, was able to cause platelet aggregation at around 5μg/ml whilst the equivalent type III peptide μ1(III)CB5 was inactive. Modification of specific amino acid residues indicated the importance of lysine in the activity of μ1(III)CB4 and of arginine in that of α1(I)CB7. Comparison of the structure of these peptides leads us to conclude that a reactive site comprises two basic residues, a specific distance apart, the conformation of one to the other dictated by collagen triple-helical configuration. One residue occurs in the sequence GlyPro(orHyp)LYS(orARG)GlyGlu, the other in GlyLYS(orARG)Pro(orHyp)GlyGlu. The lower reactivity of α1(I)CB7 relative to α1(III)CB4 can be attributed to the presence of two arginyl rather than lysyl residues and because the spacing of the two in CB4(G1y-LYS-Y-G1y-X-Y-G1y-X-LYS) represents a more favourable one than in CB7(Gly-X-ARG-Gly-X-Y-Gly-X-Y-Gly-ARG-Y).
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Azevedo, Rafaele Loureiro de, José Procópio Moreno Senna, and Álvaro Paiva Braga De Sousa. "SUPLEMENTAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL PARA OBTENÇÃO DE ANTICORPO MONOCLONAL MURINO ANTI-PBP2A DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS RESISTENTE À METICILINA (MRSA) EM HIBRIDOMAS." In I Congresso de Engenharia de Biotecnologia. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1389.
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Introdução: Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) é um dos principais patógenos envolvidos em infecções nosocomiais, levando a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em hospitais em todo o mundo. O anti-PBP2a é um anticorpo monoclonal (mAb) contra uma proteína de superfície do MRSA. Este mAb é produzido em sistemas de cultura de células animais, usando linhagem de células de hibridoma. A suplementação do meio de cultivo com componentes variados para o metabolismo celular está associada ao aumento da densidade celular e à obtenção do produto de interesse com qualidade. Objetivos: Estudar o aumento da produção do anticorpo monoclonal anti-PBP2a secretado por células de hibridoma. Materiais e métodos: Seis suplementos nutricionais comerciais, chamados de Cell Boosters (CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4, CB5 e CB6 / Cytiva®), foram preparados na concentração 10g/L em Meio Dulbecco MEM (DMEM) acrescido de 10% de soro fetal bovino (SFB). As células foram preservadas em nitrogênio líquido a -196°C. Após o descongelamento, foram cultivadas em frascos T25 cm2 contendo DMEM com 10% (v/v) SFB, volume de trabalho 5 mL, 2 mM Glutamina e mantidas a 37°C em atmosfera úmida de 5% CO2. Para os experimentos, os Cell Boosters foram inoculados em 10% (v/v) no dia 0 das culturas celulares. A quantificação do mAb anti-PBP2a foi realizada por imunoensaio enzimático direto (ELISA). Resultados: No final de cada cinética, verificou-se a concentração de anticorpos monoclonais do controle (42,5ug/mL) e dos suplementos CB3, CB5 e CB6 (55,2ug/mL, 49,9ug/mL e 51,6ug/mL), indicando um aumento de cerca de 30%, 17,5% e 21,5% na produção de mAb, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os suplementos 3, 5 e 6 aumentaram a produção do mAb, no entanto, o CB3 é mais relevante para melhorar a proliferação celular e concentração anti-PBP2a, principalmente.
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Juarez, Jose M., Susan Craw, J. Ricardo Lopez-Delgado, and Manuel Campos. "Maintenance of Case Bases: Current Algorithms after Fifty Years." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/770.
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Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) learns new knowledge from data and so can cope with changing environments. CBR is very different from model-based systems since it can learn incrementally as new data is available, storing new cases in its case-base. This means that it can benefit from readily available new data, but also case-base maintenance (CBM) is essential to manage the cases, deleting and compacting the case-base. In the 50th anniversary of CNN (considered the first CBM algorithm), new CBM methods are proposed to deal with the new requirements of Big Data scenarios. In this paper, we present an accessible historic perspective of CBM and we classify and analyse the most recent approaches to deal with these requirements.
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Cruz, Leonardo Cardoso, Luis Gustavo Fraga Belotto, Sofia Dias Campos Machado, and Fabrício de Araújo Moreira. "Possible mechanisms of action of cannabidiol in the epilepsies: a review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.045.
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Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound of Cannabis Sativa plant that has been studied since the 1970s for its effectiveness in the treatment of refractory epilepsies. With the discovery of the endocannabinoid system, most recent studies have been dedicated to elucidating its mechanisms of action. Objective: To review scientific articles in order to enlightening the antiepileptic cannabidiol’s mechanisms of action. Methods: Literature review on both PubMed and Google Scholar searching for the terms: “epilepsy”, “cannabidiol” and “mechanism of action”. Results: We found that cannabidiol has a lot of mechanisms of action which can explain its effectiveness, among which stand out: endocannabinoid system facilitation, by inhibition of recaption and hydrolysis of anandamide as well as by the facilitation of its synthesis and release. These processes must result in the indirect activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors. Furthermore, CBD promotes the activation of mTOR and PI3K proteins intracellular pathway, with subsequent reduction of glutamatergic release. Conclusions: The general hypothesis is that cannabidiol has antiepileptic effectiveness, even in cases of refractory epilepsies, precisely for showing several mechanisms of action. We emphasize, however, the necessity of more researches in this area for further enlightenment of theses possible mechanisms of action and the applicability in the treatment of epilepsies.
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Aryadi, Yuzar, Azis Hidayat, Hilman Lazuardi, Syahroni Isnanto, Bonni Ariwibowo, Aliefiyan Nursanda Muklas, Ahmad Fathurachman, Ghalib Bima Gema Ramadhan, and Maulana Insan Kamil. "Novel Approach of Sucker Rod Pump Unit Balance Determination and Monitoring." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205579-ms.
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Abstract SCADA optimization platform is implemented to monitor and evaluate well performance. For Sucker Rod Pump, SCADA Optimization Software can be used to monitor the unit balance and gearbox torque. In some ways, not all required well configuration data for SCADA Optimization Software to do a calculation of counterbalance torque (CBT) for pumping unit balance and gearbox torque evaluation are available. Standard field Counterbalance Effect (CBE) measurement might be performed to calculate the CBT value. However, this standard procedure is limited to well that run on balance condition. For well with unbalance condition, the measured CBE needs to be adjusted by a correction factor which the equation will be presented in this paper. The corrected CBE value from the new equation is then inputted to the SCADA Optimization software to perform day-to-day real-time monitoring of pumping unit balance and gearbox torque. Derivation of the CBE correction factor equation is presented. Validation upon this new equation is performed by comparing the result with electrical measurement on the pumping unit motor. Using the calculated CBT from the new equation, SCADA Optimization Software performs gearbox torque and pumping unit balance analysis based on every collected dynamometer card. Calculated CBT from the new equation provided results in gearbox torque distribution pattern that match with measured electrical parameter distribution along the stroke. This CBT value assists SCADA optimization software to calculate pumping unit balance and gearbox torque. Alarm in the SCADA optimization software that coming from an anomaly on pumping unit balance and gearbox torque help operator to do preventive maintenance so that pumping unit component especially the gearbox could have longer run life.
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Hilton, Issac, Joseph Cooney, and Silvana Martini. "Effect of Cannabidiol on Crystallization Behavior and Physical Properties of Cocoa Butter and Palm Oil." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/tsou3722.
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Demand for lipid-based products containing cannabidiol (CBD) is increasing following the legalization of industrial hemp production. This study investigates the impact of CBD on the crystallization behavior and physical properties of cocoa butter (CB) and palm oil (PO) for possible food applications. CB and PO samples with 0%, 1%, and 2.5% CBD were crystallized at 22°C and 26°C, respectively and the crystallization as a function of time was measured using a pulsed NMR for 165 min and 90 min, respectively. Melting behavior, crystal morphology, and viscoelasticity were measured at this time. Viscoelasticity and hardness were also measured after storing the samples at 5 and 22 °C for 48 h for PO and after storage at 5 and 26 °C for 2 weeks for CB. The crystallization of CB and PO was delayed by CBD and a lower SFC was observed for CB+CBD but not for PO+CBD. Melting profiles for the samples tested in this study were not affected by the addition of CBD, while a higher storage modulus and hardness was only observed for the PO+2.5% CBD but not for the other samples. The addition of CBD generated slightly bigger crystals and this trend is more pronounced in PO.
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Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira, Alexandre, and Elisa Ribeiro Miranda Antunes. "Enhanced neuronal regeneration by the combination of cannabidiol (CBD) with CB1 and CB2 antagonists following peripheral nerve axotomy." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-38263.
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Lee, Sunghun, Myeongwon Lee, Jin Park, and Hongjip Kim. "A Numerical Study on Flow Characteristics of Super Sonic Diffuser for the Position and Nose Cone Angles of Center Body." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5430.
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Abstract The center body diffuser is one of supersonic diffuser that can simulate high-altitude environment. There is center-body structure inside the diffuser, and a complex fluid flow is occurred inside the diffuser because of the interaction of the CB structure with gas exhausted from the nozzle outlet. In this study, starting point and flow characteristics of diffuser were investigated according to changing the CB nose cone angle and the length of distance between nozzle and CB structure. The differences of the supersonic flow were compared through each parameter of CB distance and CB nose angle. First changed parameter was length between nozzle and CB. According to the length of distance between nozzle and CB, axial momentum was developed and oblique shock wave moved front of CB from end of CB nose cone. Also, when CB position was located on a certain length, starting point of CBD decreased. Next change parameter was angle of CB nose cone. According to the angle raised, angle of oblique shock wave was raised and radial momentum of supersonic diffuser developed. But, according to radial momentum of supersonic flow over certain angle, the starting pressure of CBD increased. Because axial momentum which isolated vacuum chamber from atmospheric pressure. Through these CFD analysis results, it was shown that angle and length of distance between nozzle and CB influent performance of CBD.
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Beltrão, Thais Winkeler, Luiz Eduardo Duarte Borges Nunes, Simone Cristina Soares Brandão, and Breno José Alencar Pires Barbosa. "Phenotypic and neuroimage differences in Corticobasal syndrome from two clinical cases." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.470.
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Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive and motor symptoms and neurologic-functional progressive deterioration. The phenotypes can be associated with the underlying proteinopathies like Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy or Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This work aimed to study, in two cases, the correlations between clinical phenotypes, neuroimage markers and the underlying pathology. Clinical and neuroimage data of two patients was revised. The patient 1, 62-year-old, female, incomplete elementary school, presented progressive non fluent aphasia (NFA) for two years and evolved with limb apraxia and extrapyramidal signs of the right upper limb. The Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) revealed moderate hypometabolism of temporal lobes and middle frontal gyrus predominating on the left side. It fulfilled the criteria for CBS and suggested CBD. The patient 2, 57-year-old, female, graduated, presented NFA, heminegligence, cognitive impairment, bradykinesia and myoclonus. PET-FDG revealed asymmetric hypometabolism in the superior and inferior parietal lobes, posterior cingulum gyrus and worse in precuneus. The investigation of cerebrospinal fluid revealed consumed amyloid beta and increased phosphorylated and total TAU. It fulfilled probable CBS and suggested AD. These cases demonstrate the role of the PET-FDG in CBS and reveal its possible metabolic signatures: when caused by AD, the hypometabolism predominates in the posterior temporoparietal areas, and when caused by tau pathology, in the thalamus and brainstem, mainly contralateral to the most affected side. CBS has been widely studied with relatively new methods, like the cerebral FDG-PET. Studies that deepen the phenotypic heterogeneity and biomarkers of CBS would be important to improve its classification, prognostic and treatment.
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Seixas, Júlia Maia, Hygor Kleber Cabral Silva, Maria Alice Rocha Lopes, Kamila Castro Oliveira Camargos, Lara Silveira Marques, Maria Tereza Nogueira Fonseca e. Souza, Bianca Henriques Parreiras, Alice Carvalho Hoffmann, and Letícia Fernanda Saraiva Jardim. "Phytocannabinoids use in Alzheimer’s disease." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.671.
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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among older adults impacting quality of life. Nowadays, four drugs are indicated to manage AD symptoms, however, none of them have shown effectiveness to prevent the disease’s progress, and they are associated with adverse effects. In this scenario, the endocannabinoid system has the attention of researchers and physicians, because of its relation with processes involved in the AD physiopathology. Therefore, in the last decade, studies that evaluate the use of Cannabidiol (CBD) and other phytocannabinoids, like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN), as an alternative treatment to this illness, have multiplied. Objectives: To bring updated information about this new and promising therapeutic. Methods: A bibliographic research in PubMed with the terms “Cannabidiol and Alzheimer” was made, with the filters “Free full text” and “Publication Date 5 years”. The research obtained 31 results, from which were chosen 10. Results: In vivo studies with CBD, THC and CBN have shown their properties: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, attenuation of toxic accumulation of β-amyloid protein and to reverse cognitive deficits, all AD physiopathological processes. It was also demonstrated that the combination between THC and CBD shows better efficiency and fewer adverse effects than CBD isolated use. Conclusions: Despite needing deeper and stronger studies with better conducted clinical trials, the researches about phytocannabinoids use in AD seem promising, and they might become the biggest ally in the treatment of this and other neurodegenerative conditions.
Reports on the topic "CB7"
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Baldwin, R., and R. Rivest. The RC5, RC5-CBC, RC5-CBC-Pad, and RC5-CTS Algorithms. RFC Editor, October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2040.
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Science, Fera. Analysis of CBD Products. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cis490.
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The Food Standards Agency commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey to obtain a snapshot of CBD products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. Thirty CBD products were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of two broad categories: oils and sprays, and edibles (including beverages). The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. This is not a statistically representative sample of the market and instead provides a snapshot of the current market, to assist the design of future sampling and surveillance activity. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited. The results of testing found the following: Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury & lead) and arsenic were not detected in the majority of samples, meaning levels were below the limits of quantification of the method. Seven samples contained lead, four samples arsenic and two samples contained cadmium. Mercury was not found in any sample. A definitive statement as to whether products exceed maximum levels cannot be made due to uncertainty as to whether products would be classified as a food (i.e. oil) or a food supplement. A low incidence of low levels of mycotoxins, with Fusarium mycotoxins found more frequently than aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, mostly at the methods reporting limit. Three samples were found to contain ochratoxin A at the methods reporting limit. A total of seven pesticide residues were found across all of the products (each product was tested for over 400 pesticides). There are no specific Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for CBD products. One oil product was found to have PAHs above the regulated levels, if classed as a product for direct consumption. If classed as a food supplement the PAHs were within regulated levels. Three samples contained residual solvents. One product was over the MRL. Most products contained CBD close to the declared value. Two oils had substantially different levels than that declared (one higher and one lower). CBD was not detected in one of the drink products. These are potentially non-compliant with compositional and standards requirements. Delta 9-THC was detected in 87 % (26) of the samples analysed. Of these 40% (12) were found to have THC+ (the total sum of illicit cannabinoids in the product) above the 1mg threshold outlined in current Home Office guidance (Opens in a new window).
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Nayfack, Nicholas, and Robert W. MacDougall. Chemical Biological Defense (CBD) Simulations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396828.
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Karn, P., P. Metzger, and W. Simpson. The ESP DES-CBC Transform. RFC Editor, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1829.
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Whiting, D., R. Housley, and N. Ferguson. Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM). RFC Editor, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3610.
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Skone, Timothy J. CBM Well Production Water Burden. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1559838.
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Smith, F., K. Brown, G. Flach, and S. Sarkar. CBP PHASE I CODE INTEGRATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1026836.
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Pereira, R., and R. Adams. The ESP CBC-Mode Cipher Algorithms. RFC Editor, November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2451.
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Hunag, Haojie. CBP and p27KIP1 in Prostate Carcinogenesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482547.
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Korotun, Olha V., Tetiana A. Vakaliuk, and Vladimir N. Soloviev. Model of using cloud-based environment in training databases of future IT specialists. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3865.
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The authors substantiates and develops the model of using cloud-based environment (CBE) in the training of databases of future information technology (IT) specialists, which consists of interrelated units: target (purpose, task of using CBE), conceptual (pedagogical approaches, didactic principles), organizational and semantic (characteristics of CBE, basic requirements for CBE, subjects of training, CBE of the teacher, CBE of the student, curricula of institution of higher education, educational-methodical complex of discipline “Databases”, installation and configuration of database management system, development of educational material from the database in electronic form, selection of cloud-based systems of distance learning, introduction of cloud-based systems of distance learning in the training of students’ databases, selection of CBE in database training (databases, forms, methods, tools), evaluative (criteria, indicators, levels of professional and practical competence of future IT specialists on the use of CBE in database training), effective (increased formation of the information and communication technologies of future IT specialists on the use of CBE in database training).