Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cavity growth

Academic literature on the topic 'Cavity growth'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cavity growth"

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Schneibel, J. H., and L. Martinez. "Determination of cavity-growth rates from cavity-size distributions." Philosophical Magazine A 54, no. 4 (October 1986): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418618608243607.

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Chiche, A., J. Dollhofer, and C. Creton. "Cavity growth in soft adhesives." European Physical Journal E 17, no. 4 (July 4, 2005): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2004-10148-3.

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Fan, Zhaofei, Stephen R. Shifley, Martin A. Spetich, Frank R. Thompson, and David R. Larsen. "Abundance and Size Distribution of Cavity Trees in Second-Growth and Old-Growth Central Hardwood Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.3.162.

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Abstract In central hardwood forests, mean cavity-tree abundance increases with increasing stand-size class (seedling/sapling, pole, sawtimber, old-growth). However, within a size class, the number of cavity trees is highly variable among 0.1-ha inventory plots. Plots in young stands are most likely to have no cavity trees, but some plots may have more than 50 cavity trees/ha. Plots in old-growth stands often had 25 to 55 cavity trees/ha, but individual plots ranged from 0 to 155/ha. The Weibull probability density function was used to mathematically describe the variation in cavity-tree abundance for plots in stands of differing size (or age) class. A graph of the cumulative probability of cavity-tree abundance is a particularly easy way for managers to estimate the probability that a stand of a given size class will have any specified number of cavity trees per hectare. Results for individual plots or stands can be combined to estimate cavity abundance probabilities for landscapes. Because the results are presented in terms of plot-size classes (or age classes), this approach to cavity tree estimation is compatible with relatively simple forest inventorysystems.North. J. Appl. For. 22(3):162–169.
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Fan, Zhaofei, Stephen R. Shifley, Martin A. Spetich, Frank R. Thompson III, and David R. Larsen. "Distribution of cavity trees in midwestern old-growth and second-growth forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-068.

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We used classification and regression tree analysis to determine the primary variables associated with the occurrence of cavity trees and the hierarchical structure among those variables. We applied that information to develop logistic models predicting cavity tree probability as a function of diameter, species group, and decay class. Inventories of cavity abundance in old-growth hardwood forests in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana found that 8–11% of snags had at least one visible cavity (as visually detected from the ground; smallest opening [Formula: see text]2 cm diameter), about twice the percentage for live trees. Five percent of live trees and snags had cavities on mature ([Formula: see text]110 years) second-growth plots on timberland in Missouri. Because snags accounted for typically no more than 10% of standing trees on any of these sites, 80–85% of cavity trees are living trees. Within the subset of mature and old-growth forests, the presence of cavities was strongly related to tree diameter. Classification and regression tree models indicated that 30 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was a threshold size useful in distinguishing cavity trees from noncavity trees in the old-growth sample. There were two diameter thresholds in the mature second-growth sample: 18 and 44 cm DBH. Cavity tree probability differed by species group and increased with increasing decay class.
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Chokshi, Atul H. "Cavity nucleation and growth in superplasticity." Materials Science and Engineering: A 410-411 (November 2005): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.069.

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Wåhlander, Martin, Petra M. Hansson-Mille, and Agne Swerin. "Superhydrophobicity: Cavity growth and wetting transition." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 448 (June 2015): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.054.

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Tvergaard, Viggo. "Interface failure by cavity growth to coalescence." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 42, no. 2 (February 2000): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(98)00128-3.

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Murphy, Jeremiah G., and Shiro Biwa. "Nonmonotonic cavity growth in finite, compressible elasticity." International Journal of Solids and Structures 34, no. 29 (October 1997): 3859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(96)00237-5.

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Neudeck, G. W., J. Denton, J. Qi, J. D. Schaub, R. Li, and J. C. Camprbell. "Selective epitaxial growth Si resonant-cavity photodetector." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.651135.

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Perryman, L. J., and P. J. Goodhew. "Cavity growth mechanism maps for reactor materials." Journal of Nuclear Materials 165, no. 2 (May 1989): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(89)90239-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cavity growth"

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Perryman, L. J. "Cavity growth mechanism maps." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381676.

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Oh, Joonyoung. "Numerical study of micro-scale damage evolution in time dependent fracture mechanics." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117645391.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 147 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-147). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Westwood, Chris. "Computer simulation of diffusional creep failure of engineering alloys." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843127/.

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A simplified model with only 2 degrees of freedom is developed for cavity growth along a grain-boundary by surface and grain-boundary diffusion following a similar model for a row of grains used by Sun et al, (1996). A variational principle for the coupled diffusion problem is used to follow the cavity growth. The approximate solution can be reduced to the well-established equilibrium cavity growth model at the fast surface diffusion extreme. By comparing the 2 degree of freedom model with the full finite element solution by Pan et al, (1997), a 'Validity Map' is constructed in terms of the relative diffusivity and applied stress relative to the capillarity stress. It is found that the simplified model accurately describes the evolution process, in terms of overall cavity profile and propagation rate for engineering alloys subject to normal levels of applied stresses. The 2 degree of freedom model for a single cavity was then extended to allow the modelling of multiple cavities. These cavities can be either pre-existing or nucleated during the lifetime of the system. The relative rotation between the grains is also considered. The initial 2 degrees of freedom were increased to six, and a cavity element has been derived. The cavity elements are assembled together using the classical finite element approach. This allows the evolution of multiple cavities and their interactions to be modelled under different applied loads and material parameters. This simplified multiple cavity finite element model was compared with a model for cavity evolution based on a 'smeared-out' approach. It was shown that the 'smeared-out' model does not accurately predict the creep damage for realistic engineering materials and conditions and results in an under prediction of creep lifetime. Using the simplified finite element model the effect of surface diffusion on the evolution of the creep damage was investigated. The evolution of a large pre-existing 'crack-like' cavity was modelled and the effects of nucleation, surface diffusion and loading were also investigated. It was shown that in the majority of cases as the surface diffusion was increased the rupture time was also increased. The results from the large 'crack-like' cavity simulations showed that there was very little crack propagation through the material and the smaller cavities tended to grow independently of the large 'crack-like' cavity.
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Zhang, Zhenzhong. "Epitaxial growth optimization for 1.3-um InGaAs/GaAs Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting lasers." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4648.

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Long-wavelength (1.3-μm) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are of great interest as low-cost, high performance light sources for fiber-optic metro and access networks. During recent years the main development effort in this field has been directed towards all epitaxial GaAs-based structures by employing novel active materials. Different active region candidates for GaAs-based 1.3-μm VCSELs such as GaInNAs/GaAs QWs, GaAsSb QWs or InAs/InGaAs QDs have been investigated. However, the difficult growth and materials properties of these systems have so far hampered any real deployment of the technology. More recently, a new variety of VCSELs have been developed at KTH as based on highly strained InGaAs QWs and negative gain cavity detuning to reach the 1.3-μm wavelength window. The great benefit of this approach is that it is fully compatible with standard materials and processing methods.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate long-wavelength (1.3-μm) VCSELs using ~1.2-μm In0.4GaAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum Wells (MQWs). A series of QW structures, DBR structures and laser structures, including VCSELs and Broad Area lasers (BALs) were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and characterized by various techniques: Photoluminescence (PL), high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), high accuracy reflectance measurements as well as static and dynamic device characterization. The work can be divided into three parts. The first part is dedicated to the optimization and characterization of InGaAs/GaAs QWs growth for long wavelength and strong luminescence. A strong sensitivity to the detailed growth conditions, such as V/III ratio and substrate misorientation is noted. Dislocations in highly strained InGaAs QW structure and Sb as surfactant assisted in InGaAs QW growth are also discussed here. The second part is related to the AlGaAs/GaAs DBR structures. It is shown that the InGaAs VCSELs with doped bottom DBRs have significantly lower slope efficiency, output power and higher threshold current. By a direct study of buried AlGaAs/GaAs interfaces, this is suggested to be due to doping-enhanced Al-Ga hetero-interdiffusion. In the third part, singlemode, high-performance 1.3-μm VCSELs based on highly strained InGaAs QWs are demonstrated. Temperature stable singlemode performance, including mW-range output power and 10 Gbps data transmission, is obtained by an inverted surface relief technique.

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Fazal, Mahak. "In-Situ Investigation of Cavity Nucleation and Growth in Hydrogen-Exposed Epdm during Decompression." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0017.

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Le domaine de recherche concerne l’endommagement par cavitation des élastomères exposés à de fortes pressions de gaz diffusant. Ce phénomène résulte de l’expansion locale du gaz préalablement absorbé, lorsque la désorption hors du polymère est trop lente par rapport au chargement imposé. Dans le cas de l’hydrogène qui nous intéresse ici, l’enjeu est le développement de matériaux polymères performants pour les structures de stockage et de distribution d’hydrogène gazeux hyperbare. En conditions d’usage, ces matériaux sont exposés à de fortes pressions d’hydrogène qui diffuse en leur sein et génèrent ensuite de forts endommagements lorsque la pression hydrostatique est relâchée. Les études de laboratoire sur ce sujet restent peu nombreuses, a fortiori sous environnement hydrogène. Sur le plan expérimental, ceci s’explique par la délicate manipulation de l’hydrogène et par le contexte des fortes pressions. Sur le plan de la simulation numérique, un verrou important est lié aux couplages forts entre diffusion et mécanique dans la résolution de l’équilibre de la cavité à chaque instant de son évolution. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre le mécanisme élémentaire de formation, puis de croissance et de coalescence des cavités, isolées ou en proche voisinage. Dans ce dernier cas, une éventuelle interaction doit effectivement être caractérisée pour éclairer la coalescence et la transition vers des fissures macroscopiques. Le travail a été mené sur série d’Ethylène Propylène Diène Monomer (EPDM) non-renforcés, avec une densité de points de réticulation variable, exposés à des pressions allant jusqu’à 30 MPa. Le volet expérimental s'appuie sur deux des techniques expérimentales in situ les plus récentes. La diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS) vise à caractériser les hétérogénéités du système réseau élastomère – hydrogène à l'échelle submicronique, et éventuellement à détecter les premiers stades de cavitation. Dans la gamme des faibles pressions accessible sous environnement hydrogène, les hétérogénéités ne sont pas assez marquées pour définir plus qu'une distance de corrélation, qui varie très peu comparativement au matériau non exposé. Après exposition à une pression plus élevée (30 MPa), une augmentation de la distance de corrélation est observée, révélant une modification de l'hétérogénéité de la matrice, irréversible même après désorption complète de l'échantillon. À l’échelle micronique, des expériences de tomographie X in-situ (sous des pressions allant jusqu’à 12 MPa) fournissent des vues 3D résolues en temps des cavités, pendant et après décompression. Ces expériences ont permis de mieux comprendre la cinétique de croissance des cavités dans différentes conditions aux limites locales (dans le volume de l’échantillon, à proximité d'autres cavités, près d'une surface libre) et de les interpréter en regard des propriétés de diffusion de l'échantillon lui-même. Plusieurs populations de cavités, présentant des comportements différents, ont ainsi pu être distinguées en fonction de leur distance à la surface libre de l'échantillon, en lien avec la désorption globale de l’échantillon. Comparativement à cet effet de bord libre, la présence d’une autre cavité en proche voisinage (i.e. à une distance bord à bord supérieure ou égale à 30μm) n’a qu’une influence minime. Les résultats suggèrent que la croissance de la cavité est un processus très local. Dans un contexte diffuso-mécanique fortement couplé, l’interprétation des mécanismes se heurte à l’impossibilité d’accéder expérimentalement aux champs mécaniques et de concentration de gaz. Les codes éléments finis existants rencontrent des problèmes de convergence que le code interne Foxtrot développé à l’Institut Pprime tente de surmonter. Dans une dernière partie exploratoire de la thèse, il a été mis à profit pour comparer les gradients générés par une paire de cavités comparativement à une cavité isolée
The optimum design and formulation of seals used in hydrogen transport system is crucial for the purposes of safety of operation and well as economic sustainability of hydrogen as energy carrier. The exposure of the sealing materials to hydrogen and subsequent decompression causes cavitation damage. The studies so far on this subject have been few due to the strong limitations arising from the safety issues related to hydrogen testing in laboratory conditions. This study addresses the cavitation in Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM) due to pressure release after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen up to 30 MPa. Three different unfilled EPDM with variable cross-link density were investigated. The study was based on some of the newest in-situ experimental techniques which allow a time-resolved tracking of the evolution of damage. On one side, in-situ SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering) tests of hydrogen-exposed EPDM were aimed at the characterisation of EPDM at submicron scale as a function of network heterogeneity and for tracking the possible onset of distinguishable cavities. At the low pressure range accessible with the device, heterogeneities were not marked enough to define more than a correlation length that was significantly changed compared the unexposed material, whatever the cross-link density. After the exposure at higher pressure (30 MPa) a change in correlation length was observed corresponding to the change in heterogeneity of the matrix which was found to be non-reversible even after full desorption of the sample. At a higher scale, in-situ X-ray tomography was used to provide time-resolved 3D views of damage during and after hydrogen pressure release. These experiments provided insight into the growth kinetics of cavities in different local boundary conditions (within the bulk, close to other cavities, close to a free surface) correlated with the diffusion characteristics of the sample itself. Classification of cavities as bulk and edges cavities was possible with respect with different kinetics depending on their proximity to the free surface of the sample. This could be correlated with the diffusion characteristics of the material. The dependence of kinetics of cavities on the proximity of another cavity was found to be trivial at the scale investigated (above 30 μm between cavity borders) suggesting that growth is a very local process. The previous studies have clarified that the cavitation in rubber is a coupled diffuso-mechanical phenomenon and so far, the numerical tools available have not addressed the problem as such. Therefore, the development of a numerical tool aimed at solving such coupled problems has also been addressed in the present work. This numerical tool called Foxtrot, developed at Institut PPRIME, is in the early stages of development but is a crucial step towards the more realistic simulation of this phenomenon of cavitation. In this fully coupled diffuso-mechanical context, the interpretation of mechanisms is highly limited by the lack of experimental access to the mechanical and gas content fields. Commercial Finite Element codes face convergence problems that the internal code developed at the Pprime Institute (Foxtrot) is trying to overcome. In the last exploratory part of the thesis, the code was used to as a step towards a more realistic simulation of the phenomenon. In particular, gradients around a pair of cavities were compared to those obtained around an isolated cavity
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Pudasaini, Uttar Last. "Growth And Properties Of Vapor Diffused Nb3Sn Coating For Superconducting Radiofrequency Accelerator Cavity Applications." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593091971.

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The desire to reduce construction and operating costs of future SRF accelerators motivates the search for higher-performing alternative materials. Nb3Sn (Tc ~ 18.3 K and Hsh ~ 425 mT) is the front runner. The tin vapor diffusion process is currently the technique of choice to produce promising Nb3Sn-coated cavities. Understanding Nb3Sn nucleation and growth in this process is essential to progress. Samples representing different stages of Nb3Sn formation have been produced and studied to elucidate the effects of nucleation, growth, process conditions, and impurities. Nb3Sn films with thickness from a few hundred nm up to ~ 15 µm were grown and characterized. The microscopic examination of samples suggests the mechanisms of thin film nucleation and growth. Broadly, nucleation deposits tin as a thin surface phase and, under some conditions, a few hundred nanometer sized particles as well. Conditions that impair nucleation promote the formation of defects, such as “patches”, in subsequent coating growth. Analysis of coated samples is consistent with the model of Nb3Sn grown in which tin diffuses via grain boundaries to Nb3Sn-Nb interface, where the growth Nb3Sn into the niobium bulk takes place. Similar scaling laws are found for grain growth and layer thickness. Non-parabolic layer growth is consistent with significant grain growth, which reduces the number of Sn-transport channels. Examination of patchy region in Nb3Sn coating revealed it to be large single crystalline grains, pointing to impeded Nb3Sn layer growth due to low grain boundary density, resulting in a significantly thin coating in those areas. Examination of RF loss regions from a coated cavity, identified with a thermometry mapping system showed patchy regions and carbonus defects were associated with strong local field-dependent surface resistance. RF measurements of coated cavities were combined with material characterization of witness samples and coated-cavity cutouts to improve the coating process. Understanding obtained and applied to cavity coatings, resulted in single-cell Nb3Sn cavities with a quality factor of ~ 2 ×1010 up to 15 MV/m accelerating gradient at 4 K, without "Wuppertal" Q-slope. We have also produced Nb3Sn-coated CEBAF 5-cell cavities with accelerating gradients useful for accelerator cryomodules. This dissertation will discuss the genesis of the Nb3Sn coating in a typical tin vapor diffusion process, effects of different process parameters, and its consequences to the coating of single-cell and multi-cell SRF cavities.
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Abid, Mohamed. "Design and epitaxial growth of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) emitting at ultraviolet wavelength." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47682.

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One of the key advances in photonic technology in recent decades was the development of a new type of diode lasers emitting in the visible and infrared region. These vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emerged from a laboratory curiosity in 1977 [13] to an object of industrial mass production [14] and are currently used in many applications. The applications include communication, printing, and absorption spectroscopy [15]. Their rise in credibility has largely been motivated by the rapid evolution of their performance, the more sweeping recognition of their compatibility with low-cost wafer-scale fabrication, and their possible formation into specific arrays with no change in the fabrication procedure. Various applications such as advanced chemical sensors and high-density optical storage require coherent and small-size ultraviolet-emitting devices (below 400nm). Therefore, to extend the VCSEL emission to the ultraviolet (UV) region, intensive efforts have been made in the VCSEL technology. However, the achievement of such UV VCSEL is very challenging because of the various limitations and issues. The issues noticeably include the carrier injection, optical confinement, and highly reflective distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) structures with a broad bandwidth operating in the UV region [16]. In this context, motivated by the reported large refractive index induced by boron incorporation [7], we propose to introduce the boron-based material systems (BAlGaN) as an innovative solution to address some of the encountered difficulties. The objective of the proposed research is to investigate and optimize new wide-bandgap BAlGaN material systems and illustrate their incorporation into the building blocks of vertical cavity surface-emitting laser structures for operation in the UV spectral range (<400nm). Toward this goal, we have focused our research activities in three main directions. The first direction is devoted to the simulation of DBRs reflectivity by taking into consideration the experimental refractive indexes. Once the materials needed in the different components of the VCSEL are well defined, the second direction lies in the achievement of growth conditions optimization and characterization of the new wide-bandgap BAlGaN material systems. The study has led to the structural and morphological quality improvement of (B,Al,Ga)N materials. Unique optical properties of the BGaN and BAlN materials were also demonstrated. Upon demonstrating the materials' promising optical characteristics, the final direction consists of the epitaxial growth and characterization of the highly reflective DBRs and active region of the UV VCSEL structure.
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田中, 英一, Eiichi TANAKA, 澄男 村上, Sumio MURAKAMI, 久嗣 高崎, Hisashi TAKASAKI, 達雄 青木, Tatsuo AOKI, 和寛 巻幡, and Kazuhiro MAKIHATA. "二軸超塑性実験と構成式モデル化へのその適用." 日本機械学会, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9111.

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Kumar, Richi. "In situ nanotomography investigation of cavity nucleation and growth in light alloys during high temperature deformation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAI065.pdf.

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La déformation à haute température induit la germination, la croissance et la coalescence de cavités, domaine très étudié en science des matériaux. Plusieurs modèles théoriques ont été proposés pour prédire la nucléation et la croissance de la cavité mais la comparaison avec l’expérience est limitée. La principale raison en est le manque d'outils de caractérisation appropriés permettant d'étudier in situ la nucléation et la croissance des cavités à haute résolution spatiale (inférieure à 1 µm).Dans le cadre de ce travail, la nanotomographie in situ aux RX a été mise au point pour l'étude des déformations à haute température. Deux dispositifs mécaniques pouvant s'adapter dans un four ont été développés : ceci permet de réaliser une analyse 4D in situ des dommages à haute température (inférieure à 1073 K). De plus, des routines d'acquisition de données à résolutions multiples ont été mises au point, ce qui a permis d'obtenir alternativement des images à haute résolution (100 nm) et à basse résolution (645 nm). Ces développements ont permis l'imagerie 4D de la germination et de la croissance de l’endommagement avec une taille de pixels de 100 nm et un temps de balayage de 7 secondes. Ces données expérimentales ont été comparées aux modèles théoriques par el suivi du volume de chaque cavité.Cette technique a été utilisée pour étudier la nucléation et la croissance des dommages lors de déformations à haute température (7,9 MPa, 698 K), dans un alliage d'Al -3,6% en poids de Cu. Cet alliage modèle permet la génération contrôlée de particules de seconde phase pour favoriser la germination des cavités. Les changements de forme des cavités avec la déformation ont été étudiés. De plus, le changement du taux de croissance volumétrique de la cavité par rapport au rayon équivalent des cavités individuelles a été comparé aux modèles existants de croissance de la cavité par diffusion et plasticité. On a constaté la présence de plusieurs porosités préexistantes dans l'alliage, alors que très peu de germination de cavité ont été observées. Les données expérimentales sur le taux de croissance correspondent bien aux modèles étudiés et il a été conclu que les cavités se développaient initialement par diffusion suivi par une croissance par plasticité.L'utilisation de la nanotomographie in situ a été étendue à l'étude de la nucléation et de la croissance pendant la déformation à haute température (3,2 MPa, 673 K) dans l'alliage commercial AZ31. L'évolution de petites cavités presque sphériques en cavités complexes a été étudiée, en analysant les changements de forme pendant la croissance. Le taux de croissance volumétrique de la cavité a également été calculé et comparé aux modèles de diffusion et de glissement aux joints de grain. Dans un cas particulier, le glissement aux joints de grain a été estimé en suivant les déplacements des intermétalliques qui servaient de marqueurs.Peu de germination de cavité ont été observées au cours de la déformation, par contre les cavités préexistantes, issues du laminage, ont évolué en taille avec la déformation. L'examen des formes des cavités a révélé que la diffusion et le glissement aux joints de grain sont les mécanismes principaux de la croissance. La diffusion dominant la croissance dans les premiers stades (déformation inférieure à 0,3) puis une combinaison des deux mécanismes gouverne la croissance. Le modèle de croissance par diffusion surestime les données expérimentales tandis que les modèles de diffusion restreinte s’ajustent mieux aux évolutions de volume des cavités. Une proportionnalité directe a été observée entre le du grain et la longueur de la cavité dans une cavité où la croissance est dominée par le glissement aux joints de grain. De plus, outre la croissance, une proportion importante de cavités a montré une diminution du volume pendant la déformation. Ceci a été attribué au frittage des cavités sous l'effet de la tension superficielle
High temperature deformation proceeds in nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids or creep cavities. Hence investigation of damage in form of cavities during high temperature deformation has been a subject of great interest for researchers over the years. Several theoretical models have been proposed to predict cavity nucleation and growth. However despite significant progresses with theoretical models, the experimental investigation of these models have been handful. The main reason for this has been a lack of suitable characterization tools that allows in situ investigation of nucleation and growth of cavities at high spatial resolution (smaller than 1 µm).In the present work a technique for in situ nanotomography investigation during high temperature deformation has been developed. This involved development of two mechanical devices that could fit in a furnace in order to perform 4D in situ damage analysis at high temperature (below 1073 K). Additionally multi resolution data acquisition routines were developed which allowed imaging at high (100 nm) and low resolution (645 nm) periodically. These developments allowed 4D imaging of damage nucleation and growth in form of creep cavities at 100 nm pixel size and scan time of 7 seconds. Thanks to this nucleation and volumetric growth of individual cavities could be tracked during deformation which could in turn be compared to theoretical models.This technique has been used to study nucleation and growth of damage during high temperature deformation (7.9 MPa, 698 K), in Al -3.6 wt% Cu alloy. This model alloy allows controlled generation of second phase particles to promote cavity nucleation and has hence been chosen for the study. Changes in shape of cavities with straining has been examined. Also, the change of volumetric cavity growth rate vs equivalent radius of individual cavities has been compared to existing models of cavity growth by diffusion and plasticity. It was seen that several pre-existing porosities were present in the alloy, while very few cavity nucleations were observed. The experimental data of growth rate matched well with the studied models and it was concluded that cavities initially grew by diffusion, while the growth mechanism changed to plasticity near failure.Further the use of in situ nanotomography has been extended to studying nucleation and growth during high temperature deformation (3.2 MPa, 673 K) in commercial AZ31 alloy. Evolution of small nearly spherical cavities into complex cavities has been studied, by analysing changes in shape during growth. Volumetric cavity growth rate has also been computed and compared to diffusion and grain boundary sliding models. In a specific case grain boundary sliding was calculated by tracking the displacements of intermetallics which acted as markers. Influence of this on a cavity present on the sliding boundary has been studied.Few cavity nucleations were seen during deformation while most of the damage proceeded in growth of pre-existing cavities. Examination of cavity shape indicated diffusion and grain boundary sliding as the dominant mechanisms driving growth. Diffusion dominating growth in early stages (strain below 0.3) of deformation while later an interplay of the two mechanism caused growth. On comparing volumetric growth data with experimental results it was seen that conventional grain boundary diffusion model over predicted growth rate, while constrained diffusion models were successful in predicting growth rate in the correct order of magnitude as seen experimentally. A direct proportionality was observed between grain boundary displacement and cavity length in a cavity where growth dominated by grain boundary sliding. Additionally apart from growth considerable proportion of cavities showed a decrease in volume during deformation. This was attributed to sintering of cavities under the effect of surface tension
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Amick, Cecilia Lynn. "Instrument development for exploring the influence of interfacial chemistry on aerosol growth, aging, and partitioning of gases." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103541.

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Investigation of aerosol chemistry and growth under atmospheric conditions in a novel rotating aerosol suspension chamber with cavity ring-down spectroscopy provided key insight into the effect of pollutants and other vapors on the overall atmospheric lifetime of particulate matter. The Atmospheric Cloud Simulation Instrument (ACSI) creates a well-defined and controllable atmosphere of suspended particles, analyte gases, and background gas molecules, which remains stable up to several days. Preliminary studies have shown that monodisperse polystyrene latex (dp = 0.994 µm) and polydisperse ammonium sulfate (CMD dp = 100 nm) particles remain suspended for at least 22 hours while the chamber rotates at 2 RPM. Further investigation into the aerosol dynamics showed the coagulation efficiency of high concentration particle suspensions (>10^6 particles/cm3) depends on particle phase state and composition. The coagulation efficiency decreased with increased humidity in the model atmosphere and with increased ion concentrations in the aerosols. The decrease in efficiency is attributed to repulsive forces from like-charges on the particle surfaces. In addition to humidity, the spectroscopy integrated into the main chamber monitors the real-time response to a perturbation in the model atmosphere, such as the introduction of a gas-phase reactant. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy, performed in situ along the center axis, records mid-infrared spectra (1010 cm-1 to 860 cm-1) to identify gas species evolved from gas-particle heterogeneous chemistry. In accord with previous studies, my results show that a known reaction between monomethyl amine and ammonia occurs readily on suspended ammonium sulfate particles in >50% RH and the extent of the reaction depends on the humidity of the model atmosphere. Acidic ammonium bisulfate aerosols also produced a detectable amount of ammonia upon exposure to monomethyl amine in a model atmosphere with >50% RH. Overall, the new ACSI approach to atmospheric science provides the opportunity to study the influence of interfacial chemistry on particle growth, aging, and re-admission of gas-phase compounds.
Doctor of Philosophy
"Molecules don't have a passport." - Carl Sagan. Gas molecules and particles emitted into the atmosphere in one area can travel thousands of kilometers over the course of hours to days, even weeks for some compounds. The gas-solid interactions that occur over the lifetime of particulate matter are largely unknown. I focused my doctorate on bridging the knowledge gap between traditional environmental monitoring research and highly controlled laboratory experiments. To do so, I designed a new instrument capable of creating stable model atmospheres that more accurately simulate the gas-particle interactions in Earth's atmosphere than previous environmental chambers. The Atmospheric Cloud Simulation Instrument design included a rotating chamber to increase the duration of stable particle suspensions in a laboratory and a multi-pass infrared spectrometer to monitor gas-phase reactions in situ. I explored the effect of humidity and particle composition on particle-particle coagulation and gas-particle reactions. For example, liquid aerosols at humidities higher than 35% RH do no coagulate as fast as a solid particle with the same composition in <35% RH. Similarly, the same liquid aerosols produced more gaseous product during a heterogeneous reaction with a 'pollutant' gas than solid particles. Overall, the ACSI will be an important tool for future experiments exploring individual aspects of complex atmospheric processes.
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Books on the topic "Cavity growth"

1

Yŏng-suk, Kim. A creep cavity growth model for creep-fatigue prediction of a unidirectional W/Cu composite. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Vigliardi, Alda. La grotta del Fontino: Una cavità funeraria eneolitica del Grossetano. Firenze: Museo Fiorentino Di Preistoria Paolo Graziosi, 2002.

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Polastri, Marcello. Cagliari, la città sotterranea: Grotte, cisterne, necropoli e cavità segrete. Cagliari: Edizioni Sole, 2001.

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Lanfranconi, Alberto. La montagna vuota: Le meraviglie, le avventure, i segreti degli abissi della terra nella grotta più estesa e profonda d'Italia. Busto Arsizio: Bramante, 1985.

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Lewis, Squire C. Chronicles of the old Reading Grotto in which we go to the California convention, June 3rd to September 6th, 1966. Austin, Tex: C.C. Lewis, 1993.

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J, Verilli Michael, Halford G. R, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A creep cavity growth model for creep-fatigue life prediction of a unidirectional W/Cu composite. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Reader, Jocelyn, Sarah Lynam, Amy Harper, Gautam Rao, Maya Matheny, and Dana M. Roque. Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment and Innate Immune Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0004.

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Ovarian adenocarcinoma is typified by detection at late stages with dissemination of cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity and frequent acquisition of chemoresistance. A number of studies show the importance of the tumor microenvironment and innate immune recognition in tumor progression. Ovarian cancer cells can regulate the composition of their stroma to promote the formation of ascitic fluid rich in cytokines and bioactive lipids such as PGE2, and to stimulate the differentiation of stromal cells into a pro-tumoral phenotype. In response, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and other peritoneal cells can act through direct and indirect mechanisms to regulate tumor growth, chemoresistance via alteration of class III β‎ tubulin, angiogenesis and dissemination. This chapter deciphers the current knowledge about the role of stromal cells, associated secreted factors, and the immune system on tumor progression. This suggests that targeting the microenvironment holds great potential to improve the prognosis of patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Paul, Damon, ed. Caving in America: The story of the National Speleological Society, 1941-1991 : commemorating 50 years of history and growth : including a special illustrated history of cave exploration in the society entitled--The last frontier for the pioneer. Huntsville, Ala: The Society, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cavity growth"

1

Riedel, Hermann. "Diffusive Cavity Growth." In Fracture at High Temperatures, 148–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82961-1_11.

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Riedel, Hermann. "Inhibited Cavity Growth." In Fracture at High Temperatures, 198–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82961-1_13.

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Springholz, G., and G. Bauer. "9.8.2 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers." In Growth and Structuring, 547–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68357-5_105.

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Springholz, G., and G. Bauer. "9.8.3 Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers." In Growth and Structuring, 553–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68357-5_106.

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Navarro, João A. C., João de Lima Navarro, and Paulo de Lima Navarro. "Development and Growth of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses." In The Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, 1–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56829-9_1.

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Riedel, Hermann. "Creep-Enhanced Diffusive Cavity Growth and Elastic Accommodation." In Fracture at High Temperatures, 215–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82961-1_15.

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Riedel, Hermann. "Summary of Results on Cavity Nucleation and Growth." In Fracture at High Temperatures, 242–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82961-1_17.

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Yu, Yan Dong, De Liang Yin, and Bao You Zhang. "Study on Cavity Growth in Uniaxial Tension of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy." In Key Engineering Materials, 687–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.687.

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Kitamura, T., and T. Shibutani. "Cavity Growth Induced by Electric Current and Stress in LSI Conductor." In IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures, 105–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9628-2_11.

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Mabuchi, Mamoru, Yasumasa Chino, and Hajime Iwasaki. "An Investigation of Cavity Growth Rate in Superplastic Al and Mg Alloys." In Materials Science Forum, 2945–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.2945.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cavity growth"

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Ogata, Takashi. "Cavity Growth Simulation of 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel Under Creep-Fatigue Loading." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71040.

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High temperature components in thermal power plants are subjected to creep-fatigue loading where creep cavities initiate and grow on grain boundaries. Development of a quantitative evaluation method of cavity growth is important for reliable maintenance of these components. In this study, a creep-fatigue test was carried out at 600°C on 2.25Cr-1Mo steel in a scanning electron microscope, and continuous observation of cavity growth behavior on the surface during the test was made. Based on the cavity growth observation, existing cavity growth models were modified and a simulation result by the modified model was discussed by comparing with observed cavity growth behavior. From the observation, spherical shape cavities initiate and grow up to their length of 2μm on the grain boundaries at initial stage of damage, and then these cavities change their shape to crack-like to grow until their length reaches around 10μm. Finally, crack-like cavities coalesce each other to form one micro crack along a grain boundary. It can be concluded that cavity growth rates of these cavities are controlled by diffusion and power law creep under constrained condition based on theoretical consideration of cavity growth mechanism. Through these discussions, a new cavity growth model was proposed by modifying conventional models. Both spherical and crack-like cavity growth rate equations were derived from the modified cavity growth model. It was indicated that measured cavity growth rate was well predicted by the growth rate equations derived from the modified model, and a cavity growth simulation result corresponds to the change in the maximum cavity size with cycles under the creep-fatigue loading.
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Kadam, Sambhaji T., Ritunesh Kumar, and Kuldeep Baghel. "Bubble Growth at Nucleation Cavity in Microchannels." In ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2013-22083.

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Bubble dynamics i.e. bubble nucleation, growth and departure plays an important role in heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics during two phase flow of microchannels. A simplified mathematical model has been developed to predict the bubble growth rate in microchannels at nucleation cavity after its inception. It is assumed that heat supplied at nucleation site is divided between liquid phase and vapor phase as per instantaneous void fraction value. The energy consumed by vapor phase is utilized in overcoming evaporation, surface tension, inertia, shear and gravity effects. Proposed model shows good agreement (∼14 % error) with available experimental work. In addition, the physical phenomena of the bubble waiting time for flow boiling is also addressed utilizing proposed model. The waiting time predicted by the model is close to that obtained from experimental data.
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Wang, F., N. Ramachandran, and C. Baugher. "Vibration convection of fluids in a crystal growth cavity." In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-597.

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Brust, Frederick W., and Joonyoung Oh. "Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Diffusion and Creep Flow on Cavity Growth." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26631.

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In this paper, intergranular cavity growth in regimes, where both surface diffusion and deformation enhanced grain boundary diffusion are important, is studied. In order to continuously simulate the cavity shape evolution and cavity growth rate, a fully-coupled numerical method is proposed. Based on the fully-coupled numerical method, a gradual cavity shape change is predicted and this leads to an adverse effect on the cavity growth rates. As the portion of the cavity volume growth due to jacking and viscoplastic deformation in the total cavity volume growth increases, the initially spherical cavity evolves to V-shaped cavity. The numerical results are physically more realistic compared to results in the previous studies. The present numerical results suggest that the cavity shape evolution and cavity growth rate based on an assumed cavity shape, whether spherical or crack-like, cannot be used in this regime due to transitional coupled growth mechanisms.
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Hou, H. Q., K. D. Choquette, B. E. Hammons, W. G. Breiland, and K. M. Geib. "MOVPE growth of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers." In Conference Proceedings. LEOS '97. 10th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1997 Annual Meeting. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.1997.630634.

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Lee, Woorim, and Gihun Son. "Numerical Study of Bubble Growth on a Micro-Finned Surface." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-10016.

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Bubble growth on a micro-finned surface, which can be used in enhancing boiling heat transfer, is numerically investigated by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The bubble deformation or the liquid-vapor interface is determined by the sharp-interface level-set method, which is modified to include the effect of phase change and to treat the contact angle and the evaporative heat flux from the liquid microlayer on an immersed solid surface of a microfin. The numerical method is applied to clarify bubble growth and heat transfer characteristics on a surface including fin and cavity during nucleate boiling which have not been provided from the previous experimental studies. The effects of single fin, fin-cavity distance, and fin-fin spacing on the bubble dynamics are investigated. The micro-fin is found to affect the activation of cavity. The fin-cavity configuration is found to determine the bubble formation in a cavity. The vapor removal rate is also observed to significantly depend on the fin-fin spacing.
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Saito, Yasuhiro, and Keiichi Sato. "Growth Process to Cloud-Like Cavitation on Separated Shear Layer." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45007.

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It is important to explain a high-speed liquid flow phenomenon because of the developments of various fluid machines. Cavitation is one of the most important phenomena in high-speed liquid flow. When cavitation appears in a liquid flow, it causes some problems such as performance deterioration, vibrations, noise, and cavitation damage. So, it is important to observe the cavity behavior to solve such problems. Especially, it is well known that a cloud cavitation has heavy unsteadiness and high impulse. In this study, a fundamental experimental research on the process of growing to the cloud-like cavitation was performed. The aspect of the cavitation in a circular cylindrical orifice and in a convergent-divergent channel was observed by the high-speed video camera. As a result, the unsteady shedding behavior of the vortex cavity was characteristically observed in a region of the separation bubble at an inlet of a circular cylindrical orifice. There are several vortex cavities on the separated shear layer. These cavities behave pairing and coalescence with each other repeatedly and grow up into a cloud-like cavity. The cloud-like cavity is shed downstream and then generates high impulses at the collapse. In the case of a circular cylindrical orifice, the cavities can be observed clearly by using a laser sheet method. Similar behaviors of the cavity are observed on the separated shear layer in a two dimensional convergent-divergent channel. This paper discusses how the behaviors of vortex cavity relate closely to the flow pattern at non-cavitating condition on the separated shear layer and that the process of the vortex cavities develop to the cloud-like cavity.
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Daniel, Priscillia L., Servane Haller, Xavier Festaz, Pascal Rain, and Olivier Gallot-Lavallee. "Partial Discharges for Diagnosis of Cavity Growth in HVDC XLPE Model Cables." In 2018 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icd.2018.8468405.

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Daniel, Priscillia L., Servane Haller, Xavier Festaz, Pascal Rain, and Olivier Gallot-Lavallee. "Partial Discharges for Diagnosis of Cavity Growth in HVDC XLPE Model Cables." In 2018 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icd.2018.8514687.

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Harbisonc, J. P., L. T. Florez, A. Scherer, C. J. Chang-Hasnain, A. C. Von Lehmen, H. J. Yoo, M. Orenstein, E. M. Clausen, and J. L. Jewell. "High-precision molecular-beam expitaxy growth of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.1991.tuf1.

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Reports on the topic "Cavity growth"

1

Hayes, T. A., R. S. Rosen, and M. E. Kassner. Critical Analysis of Dry Storage Temperature Limits for Zircaloy-Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel Based on Diffusion Controlled Cavity Growth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793952.

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Cheng, Julian. Novel Epitaxial Growth Technologies for Long-Wavelength (1.1-1.5 micron) Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Optical Switches for High-Performance Optical Information Networks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378813.

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Hou, H. Q., H. C. Chui, B. E. Hammons, W. G. Breiland, and K. D. Choquette. Manufacturability of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/225049.

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Author, Not Given. Manufacturability of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129730.

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