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Journal articles on the topic 'Cavitation in hydrodynamic machine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zakrzewska, D. E., and A. K. Krella. "Cavitation Erosion Resistance Influence of Material Properties." Advances in Materials Science 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2019-0019.

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AbstractThe cavitation erosion is the phenomena that causes degradation of fluid flow machinery components due to repetitive implosion of cavitation bubbles adjacent to the solid surface. Cavitation erosion is a complex phenomenon, which includes not only hydrodynamic factors of liquid, but also properties of erodible material e.g. microstructure, hardness or Young modulus. In order to reduce the negative impact of erosion on machine components, there are many methods to increase cavitation erosion resistance. The paper discusses the correlations between structural and mechanical properties and the resistance to cavitation erosion (CER) of pure materials, their alloys and coatings. Methods to increase CER have also been described - using heat / thermo-chemical treatment and application of coatings by various methods.

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2

Ghiban, Brandusa, Carmen Anca Safta, and Vlad Motoiu. "Stainless Steels as Erosion Resistant Materials for Hydraulic Machines." Key Engineering Materials 750 (August 2017): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.750.75.

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The corrosion phenomena lead to serious modifications in the structure of metallic materials from which are manufactured the important active components of hydraulic machines. There are two important types of corrosion: cavitation and silt erosion (abrasive erosion), that are specific to machines which are producing energy [1, 2, 3]. As a corrosion mechanism, in hydrodynamic cavitation [4, 5], when cavitation bubbles implode on the solid surface of hydraulic machine component, the local pressure developed is high and can exceed the fatigue strength, yield point or compression strength of the material. Cavitation phenomenon can be produced in different ways. Four types of cavitation are described in the literature, looking for the method of producing, [6]: hydrodynamic cavitation, particle cavitation, acoustic cavitation, and optic cavitation. Abrasive erosion is the gradual degradation of a structure under the action of solid particles suspended in the working fluid. Impact and sliding erosion are the main categories of abrasive erosion approached in the literature by considering the mechanisms of which the abrasive particles act on the metallic surface, [2]. In the last decades the abrasive erosion phenomenon became a serious problem for the efficient operation of power plants, for instance in hydropower plants [7, 8]. Geothermal energy is the heat energy of the earth given by capturing the springs of heat water. In Romania the geothermal energy is used only for heating because the water has a low temperature and cannot be used to produce electric energy, only heat energy. So, although Romania is the third highest potential geothermal in Europe, practically electric energy from geothermal resource has a low thermal potential, [9]. A steam turbine is working at high rotational speed, high temperatures and using the working fluid which could be steam or wet steam. The working fluid is composed of corrosive chemicals with an aggressive pH. For this reason the common problems of the geothermal steam turbine failures are given by fractures of the blades (rotor blades or stator blades).

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3

Micu, Lavinia Madalina, Iosif Lazar, Adrian Circiumaru, Ilare Bordeasu, Liviu Daniel Pirvulescu, and mihai Hluscu. "New Results Regarding Cavitation Behavior of Polymers Modified with Anorganic Substances Coated on Bronze Surfaces." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.3.5051.

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Due to mechanical resistance characteristics, chemical corrosion and abrasive erosion resistance, the polymers are more widely used in equipments and installations that are exploited in different fluid hydrodynamic conditions. Among these applications there is the protection of surfaces of hydromechanic organs stressed by cavitation, like in hydraulic machines rotors and valves. Consequently, the research aimes the extension of using these and protection of other components surfacess hardly streesed by cavitation. The research in this paper points toward the behavior of modified polymer layer, coated on surfaces of bronze used in casting the propellers of maritim and river ships. The tests were performed in standard piezoceramic crystal vibrating equipment within Cavitation Laboratory of Politehnica University of Timisoara. The damaging intensity of equipment is much greater than any cavitational vortex, created by ship propeller, hydraulic turbine or centrifugal pump. The obtained results, compared to both recorded on uncovered surfaces with polymer layer and recorded on surfaces covered with HVOF composite materials layers, show an increased resistance that implies the increased exploiting duration of those surfaces.

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4

Efremova, K. D., and V. N. Pilgunov. "Glycerin-containing Working Fluids for Hydraulic Drives for Special Purposes." Radio Engineering, no. 6 (December 26, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36027/rdeng.0620.0000182.

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The cavitation properties of a liquid must be taken into account in the engineering design of hydraulic machines and devices for hydraulic automation in cases when in their working process the absolute pressure in the liquid may drop below atmospheric, and the liquid is in a rarefied state for a certain time. Cold boiling, which occurs at a relatively low temperature and reduced absolute pressure inside or on the surface of the liquid, is considered as hydrostatic cavitation, if the liquid is stationary, or as hydrodynamic cavitation, if the liquid enters conditions under which the velocity head sharply increases in the flow section and the absolute pressure.In accordance with the theory of cavitation, the first phase of cavitation occurs when the absolute pressure in the degassed liquid drops to the value of the saturated vapor pressure and the air dissolved in the liquid, leaving the intermolecular space, turns into microbubbles of undissolved air and becomes a generator of cavitation "nuclei". Of practical interest is a quantitative assessment of the value of the minimum permissible absolute pressure in a real, partially or completely degassed liquid, at which hydrostatic cavitation occurs.Since the pressure of saturated vapor of a liquid is, to a certain extent, associated with the forces of intermolecular interaction, it is necessary to have information on the cavitation properties of technical solutions, including the solution of air in a liquid, since a solute can weaken intermolecular bonds and affect the value of the pressure of saturated vapors of the solvent. The article describes an experiment carried out by the authors to evacuate liquids. During the experiment, evacuation of various liquids was carried out using a developed hydraulic vacuum pump with a pneumatic drive.The article presents the technologies of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic degassing of liquids used in the experiment.As a result of experimental studies of the cavitation properties of pure glycerin and glycerin in the form of a 49/51% solution in water, mineral oil and aviation kerosene, quantitative estimates of the permissible absolute pressure in the considered technical fluids and solutions were obtained, its dependence on the saturated vapor pressure, the influence of the degree of hydrodynamic degassing the liquid, and the amount of dissolved substance in it on the strength of the liquid to rupture.In the process of studying the cavitation properties of solutions, it was found that the level of permissible absolute pressure in the solution is greater than that of the solvent. It has been suggested that dissolved solid, liquid or gaseous substances weaken the intermolecular bonds of the solvent and increase the pressure of its saturated vapor.On the basis of the experimental studies, a method for determining the highest rarefaction in solvents and in glycerol solutions has been developed. In addition, a comparative assessment of the cavitation properties of the considered technical fluids is given.

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5

Usman, Ali, and Cheol Woo Park. "Numerical optimization of surface texture for improved tribological performance of journal bearing at varying operating conditions." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 9 (November 19, 2018): 1608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2017-0286.

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Purpose Journal bearings are used in numerous rotary machines. The load carrying capacity and friction of a bearing have been major concerns in design. Recent developments in surface texturing have showed potential outcomes to improve the tribological characteristics of mating surfaces. This study aims to investigate surface textures, which are transverse to the sliding direction, for frictional response of the journal bearing. Design/methodology/approach A hydrodynamic lubrication model is considered to evaluate the effect of surface texturing on the performance of a journal bearing at varying operating conditions. The two-dimensional generalized Reynolds equation, coupled with mass-conserving Elrod cavitation algorithm, is solved to evaluate texture-induced variations in tribological performance parameters. Findings Results have showed remarkable improvements in frictional response. Moreover, micro-textures on the journal surface alter the cavitation response and film-reformation in the hydrodynamic conjunction of the plain bearing. Originality/value Operating condition-based comprehensive exhaustive optimization of texture geometry is performed to generate widespread conclusion.

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6

Zhang, Yu, Guoding Chen, and Lin Wang. "Effects of thermal and elastic deformations on lubricating properties of the textured journal bearing." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 10 (October 2019): 168781401988379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019883790.

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Hydrodynamic journal bearing is an important part of rotary machine and faces many challenges such as high rotating speed, heavy specific pressure, and large temperature rise with the development of industry. These challenges lead to notable thermal and elastic deformations of the journal bearing. Surface texture has been proved to be a valid method to promote bearing lubricating properties. However, effects of thermal and elastic deformations on lubricating properties of the textured journal bearing have not been clearly analyzed. Based on this, the article presents a method to transform thermal–structural–fluid interaction into thermal–structural interaction and thermal–fluid interaction based on textured journal bearing model. Cavitation and temperature-viscosity effects are also considered. Based on this method, action mechanisms of surface texture on lubricating properties are discussed considering elastic and thermal deformations, and effects of elastic and thermal deformations on the textured journal bearing are also investigated. The results show that the load carrying capacity and the maximum oil film pressure of the textured journal bearing both increase when elastic and thermal deformations are considered. Optimal texture parameters can enhance the backflow effect in dimples and restraint cavitation phenomenon in the oil film rupture region. Meanwhile, inertial and cavitation effects caused by surface texture have significant effects on elastic and thermal deformations of the journal bearing.

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7

Ma, Chenbo, Yanjun Duan, Bo Yu, Jianjun Sun, and Qiaoan Tu. "The comprehensive effect of surface texture and roughness under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 10 (February 8, 2017): 1307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117693146.

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A theoretical study is carried out to investigate the comprehensive effect of the machined roughness and fabricated textures, by solving the average Reynolds equation coupled with a mass-conservative cavitation algorithm and taking into account asperity contact. We analyzed the influence of surface roughness, which is represented by the combined root-mean-square roughness σ and surface pattern parameter γ on the optimum texture parameters including the dimple depth-over-diameter ratio and area density under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions. The results show that the effect of surface roughness on load-carrying capacity can be ignored under hydrodynamic lubrication condition. Furthermore, the optimum texture parameters under hydrodynamic lubrication condition and the optimum dimple depth-over-diameter ratio under mixed lubrication condition are determined at minimized friction coefficient, which can be taken as the same for smooth-textured surface and rough-textured surface. The corresponding minimum friction coefficient increases with increasing σ and γ, and decreasing dimple area density under mixed lubrication condition.

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8

Hatakenaka, Kiyoshi, Masato Tanaka, and Kenji Suzuki. "A Theoretical Analysis of Floating Bush Journal Bearing With Axial Oil Film Rupture Being Considered." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1454104.

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A new modified Reynolds equation is derived with centrifugal force acting on the hydrodynamic oil film being considered. This equation, together with a cavitation model, is used to obtain the steady-state equilibrium and calculate the rotordynamic coefficients of lightly loaded floating bush journal bearings operating at very high shaft speeds. The bush-to-shaft speed ratio and the linear cross-coupling spring coefficients of the inner oil film is found to decrease with the increase in shaft speed as the axial oil film rupture develops in the inner oil film. The present model can give reasonable explanation to the steady-state behavior and the stability behavior of the bearing observed in actual machines.

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9

Leighton, M., Nicholas Morris, Gareth Trimmer, Paul D. King, and Homer Rahnejat. "Efficiency of disengaged wet brake packs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 6 (March 10, 2018): 1562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018758567.

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Key objectives in off-highway vehicular powertrain development are fuel efficiency and environmental protection. As a result, palliative measures are made to reduce parasitic frictional losses while sustaining machine operational performance and reliability. A potential key contributor to the overall power loss is the rotation of disengaged wet multi-plate pack brake friction. Despite the numerous advantages of wet brake pack design, during high-speed manoeuvre in highway travel or at start-up conditions, significant frictional power losses occur. The addition of recessed grooves on the brake friction lining is used to dissipate heat during engagement. These complicate the prediction of performance of the system, particularly when disengaged. To characterise the losses produced by these components, a combined numerical and experimental approach is required. This paper presents a Reynolds-based numerical model including the effect of fluid inertia and squeeze film transience for prediction of performance of wet brake systems. Model predictions are compared with very detailed combined Navier–Stokes and Rayleigh-Plesset fluid dynamics analysis to ascertain its degree of conformity to representative physical operating conditions, as well the use of a developed experimental rig. The combined numerical and experimental approach is used to predict significant losses produced during various operating conditions. It is shown that cavitation becomes significant at low temperatures due to micro-hydrodynamic action, enhanced by high fluid viscosity. The magnitude of the losses for these components under various operating conditions is presented. The combined numerical-experimental study of wet multi-plate brakes of off-highway vehicles with cavitation flow dynamics has not hitherto been reported in the literature.

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10

Papulov, Vladimir. "BUILDING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF AXIAL JET IN SOLIDWORKS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 7 (2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-7-76-79.

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The article provides a brief description of the construction of the main parts of the three-dimensional model of the axial water jet, followed by their Assembly into the finished product. The role of computer simulation in the design of complex types of propellers, which include water jet, is shown. The possibility of solving problems of hydrodynamics with the help of "SolidWorks"is demonstrated. The design of the water jet pipe, taking into account the absence of cavitation. The urgency of application of three-dimensional modeling in the field of shipbuilding, using CAD-programs of machine-building orientation is shown.

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11

Asomani, Stephen Ntiri, Jianping Yuan, Longyan Wang, Desmond Appiah, and Fan Zhang. "Geometrical effects on performance and inner flow characteristics of a pump-as-turbine: A review." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 4 (April 2020): 168781402091214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020912149.

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A pump-as-turbine is a hydraulic machine that can operate as a pump and turbine at the same time. Pump-as-turbine happens to be the most appropriate method for meeting the world’s energy demands, particularly in rural and isolated areas of a country. Furthermore, the operating cost of microhydropower systems is lower compared to conventional hydrodynamic turbines, but it requires high initial investment. Pump-as-turbine has been applied in many engineering fields such as irrigation, sewage, reverse osmosis, water distribution systems, farms, small pump storage power house, and pressure dropping valves. However, pump-as-turbine operates inefficiently at part-load due to lack of flow control device. In addition, the pump generates high flow instabilities in pump-as-turbine mode due to the shift of the best efficiency point toward higher head and discharge. This study extensively discusses the flow mechanism, modifications, and flow instabilities in the pump-as-turbine mode operation. First, the mechanism of the pump-as-turbine can be described as drawing out mechanical energy from the flow in the reverse mode. Since the energy drawn mainly depends on the major hydraulic components of the pump (impeller and volute), many studies have been conducted on the impeller and volute. It can be concluded that high amount of hydraulic losses is generated in pump-as-turbine mode operation. This can partly be attributed to the fixed geometrical parameters such as the stationary volute. To increase the usage of pump-as-turbine, it is very crucial to predict their performance in advance before manufacturing, which requires the understanding of the flow behavior as a result of geometrical parameters. In order to improve the energy conversion and understand the flow behavior in the centrifugal pump functioning as pump-as-turbine, the key geometrical parameters should be carefully designed. The designs of the main geometrical parameters do affect not only the hydraulic performance of pump-as-turbine but also the operational instability. The operational instability of hydraulic machines mainly depends on the pressure and the velocity fluctuation intensity generated within the flow passage as a result of the impeller–volute interaction. The magnitudes of the instabilities have the tendency to cause noise, vibration, harshness, and cavitation which reduces the life span of the hydraulic machine. Moreover, appropriate selection of the pump and unavailability of pump data contribute to the challenges faced. Finally, this review proposes specific solutions in terms of geometrical modifications and improvement of the computational design methods to handle the hydraulic losses faced during the pump operation; thus, this study can serve as a point of reference for a pump-as-turbine performance optimization.

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12

Ramos, Leandro Ito, Douglas Jhon Ramos, and Gregory Bregion Daniel. "Evaluation of textured journal bearings under dynamic operating conditions in rotating machinery." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 234, no. 6 (November 5, 2019): 842–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119887568.

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In order to obtain rotating machinery with improved energy efficiency, the approach of surface texturing journal bearings has been adopted to reduce the viscous dissipation in the lubricant. A possible reduction in shear viscous forces in the bearings of rotating machines could reduce the amount of heat released along its operation, resulting in a lower operating temperature that tends to improve journal bearings performance and the machine’s energetic efficiency. Thus, this work aims to investigate the texturing of journal bearings under dynamic loading conditions, considering the application in rotating systems. For this, computational simulations are performed through a rotating system model constructed by means of the finite element method in which the hydrodynamic journal bearings that support the rotor are modeled by Reynolds’ equation using the finite volume method and the full multigrid technique. The numerical results show that textured journal bearings can be applied to rotating machines, providing reductions in shear viscous forces. However, the magnitude of this reduction should be carefully evaluated, as the Reynolds cavitation model was applied to ensure a lower computational spent time and thus enable the simulations involved in this study. The novelty of this study is related to determining the appropriate distributions and geometric parameters of the textures for the journal bearing under dynamic load condition considering its equivalent static load condition what tends to drastically reduce computational time to perform this procedure, representing an important alternative for industrial application.

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13

Kumar, P. S., and A. B. Pandit. "Modeling Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Chemical Engineering & Technology 22, no. 12 (December 1999): 1017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4125(199912)22:12<1017::aid-ceat1017>3.0.co;2-l.

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14

Fesenko, Anatolii, Yevheniia Basova, Vitalii Ivanov, Maryna Ivanova, Fatyma Yevsiukova, and Magomediemin Gasanov. "Increasing of Equipment Efficiency by Intensification of Technological Processes." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.13198.

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Issues of technological processes’ intensification and increase of technological equipment efficiency are of priority value in the modern engineering. Application of various methods of hydrodynamic drag on the working fluids in rotary-wheel machines allows increasing of processing efficiency to receive finely-dispersed homogeneous mixtures with necessary characteristics. In this article the issues, connected with the liquid flows' formation in the working zone of rotary-cavitating activator are studied and the main principles of energy impact while the usage of rotor with radial channels, supplied with the elements for receiving cavitating effects, are defined. Based on the offered methodology, experimental research was conducted and calculations of the main indexes, defining efficiency of energy impact on the working medium, were held. The substantiated estimation of efficiency of hydrodynamic machines work according to the dissipative power that allows to choose the proportion of hydrodynamic settings, which provide the highest intensity of cavitating processing of processed liquids, was presented. The practical value of the research is in the studying of ways of increasing of equipment efficiency through the possibility of technological process intensification.

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15

Nosov, V. R., J. C. Gómez-Mancilla, and J. A. Meda-Campaña. "Occurrence of hydrodynamic cavitation." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.608.

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In this paper, the conditions under which cavitation (or liquid film rupture) can or cannot occur in thin layers of moving liquid are derived for three typical cases. At the same time, expressions depending on geometrical and movement parameters, where cavitation might start, are given. The results are obtained using simple engineering terms, which can be used in cases whether it is necessary to avoid cavitation or to induce it.

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16

Farhat, M., A. Chakravarty, and J. E. Field. "Luminescence from hydrodynamic cavitation." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2126 (June 30, 2010): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0134.

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The majority of the research on cavitation luminescence has focused on the sonoluminescence or chemiluminescence generated by cavitation induced through ultrasound, with a lesser body of work on the luminescence induced by laser- or spark-induced cavitation. In such circumstances, the cavitation is generated in liquids where, on the broad scale, there is usually assumed to be no net liquid flow (although of course there are small-scale flows as a result of the cavitation itself, through radiation forces, streaming, microstreaming and turbulence). Little attention has been paid to the luminescence that accompanies (undesirable) cavitation in pumps and turbines or in marine propellers. In the present study, the sonoluminescence specific to air/water vapour bubbles, collapsing within a cavitation tunnel, is addressed. The particular case of leading edge cavitation over a two-dimensional hydrofoil is considered in detail. Hence, strong instabilities develop, causing the attached cavity to shed large clouds of micro bubbles. The spatial and temporal properties of the emitted luminescence were studied using an intensified charge coupled device video camera and a photomultiplier (PM). The light emission was found to extend downstream from the region of cavity closure, to the region where the travelling vortices collapse. Examination of the PM signal on short time scales showed that the emitted luminescence consisted of relatively intense flashes of short duration (as with other forms of luminescence). Individual flashes were often found to be clustered in time. Over longer time scales, clear evidence of periodicity was found in the PM signals. Further analysis showed that bursts of light were being emitted at the Strouhal frequency (for the shedding of transcient cavities).

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17

Chambers, Sean D., Robert H. Bartlett, and Steven L. Ceccio. "Hemolytic Potential of Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 122, no. 4 (January 5, 2000): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286560.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the hemolytic potentials of discrete bubble cavitation and attached cavitation. To generate controlled cavitation events, a venturi-geometry hydrodynamic device, called a Cavitation Susceptibility Meter (CSM), was constructed. A comparison between the hemolytic potential of discrete bubble cavitation and attached cavitation was investigated with a single-pass flow apparatus and a recirculating flow apparatus, both utilizing the CSM. An analytical model, based on spherical bubble dynamics, was developed for predicting the hemolysis caused by discrete bubble cavitation. Experimentally, discrete bubble cavitation did not correlate with a measurable increase in plasma-free hemoglobin (PFHb), as predicted by the analytical model. However, attached cavitation did result in significant PFHb generation. The rate of PFHb generation scaled inversely with the Cavitation number at a constant flow rate, suggesting that the size of the attached cavity was the dominant hemolytic factor. [S0148-0731(00)00404-0]

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18

Nicholas, David, and Philip Vella. "Biosolids Conditioning with Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793846682.

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19

Moholkar, V. S., P. Senthil Kumar, and A. B. Pandit. "Hydrodynamic cavitation for sonochemical effects." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 6, no. 1-2 (March 1999): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4177(98)00030-3.

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20

Suslick, Kenneth S., Millan M. Mdleleni, and Jeffrey T. Ries. "Chemistry Induced by Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 119, no. 39 (October 1997): 9303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja972171i.

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21

Gogate, Parag R., and Aniruddha B. Pandit. "Engineering design methods for cavitation reactors II: Hydrodynamic cavitation." AIChE Journal 46, no. 8 (August 2000): 1641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690460815.

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22

Deng, Jie, and Jun Zhou. "Experimental Study of the Porous Plate Hydrodynamic Cavitation Device and Removal the Algae in Water." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.569.

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Design a practical and effective hydrodynamic cavitation experimental apparatus, the establishment of cavitation radical scavenging method, the use of methylene blue to study the relationship of the hydroxyl radical production and cavitation cavitation intensity, the study of the various factors of cavitation radical production, and to explore optimal cavitation strengthen the conditions. Hydrodynamic cavitation kill algae has some effect, there will be varying degrees of decline in the concentration of algae. The hydrodynamic cavitation algae suppression and damaging effects.

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23

Deng, Jie, Ai He Wang, and Cai Wen Wang. "Experimental Investigation on Enhancive Effect of Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2865.

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Based on the principle of hydraulics,an effective equipment of hydrodynamic cavitation is designed and built in this paper.The orifice plates with various geometry size were used as hydrodynamic cavitation generator to study the relation ship between many factor,such as,inlet pressure,discharge,flow speed in orifice,and the cavitation number.Analysis of water flow cavitation status for the experimental unit,this device can produce cavitation phenomenon.The methylene blue and spectrophotometer method can capture the free radicals generated successfully.This is an effective way to measuring the free radicals quantitatively in cavitation,moreover it is easy to fulfill.The intensity of cavitation increases with reduction in the cavitation number.By analyzing the influence of cavitation number on concentrations of •OH.It would be strength of hydrodynamic cavitation.The effect of operating parameters,such as inlet press,low speed in orifice and optimum the structure of hydrodynamic cavitation,best condition of the hydrodynamic cavitation is the inlet press、flow speed in orifice 14 m/s、 0.07.

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24

Ye, Yu-Fang, Ying Zhu, Na Lu, Xin Wang, and Zhi Su. "Treatment of rhodamine B with cavitation technology: comparison of hydrodynamic cavitation with ultrasonic cavitation." RSC Advances 11, no. 9 (2021): 5096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07727e.

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25

Schmid, A. "MTBE degradation by hydrodynamic induced cavitation." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 10 (May 1, 2010): 2591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.173.

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Hydrodynamic induced cavitation generates imploding cavitation bubbles which can lead to degradation or even mineralisation of water constituents without addition of any chemicals. This technology overcomes the problems of ultrasound irradiation by the local production of a cavitation cloud close to the sonotrodes. Hydrodynamic cavitation can be stabilised downstream of the nozzle depending on the ambient pressure conditions. If the pressure is kept low, the imploding cavitation bubbles generate new cavities, analogous to a chain reaction, and elevate the radical synthesis inside the apparatus. During the pilot tests MTBE and ETBE were degraded and complete mineralisation started at a time delay of app. 30 min. The specific energy demand for MTBE degradation lies in the range of app. 200 Wh/ppm in the investigated concentration range of about 30 ppm.

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Hosien, mohamed, and S. M. Selim. "Velocity Exponent For Hydrodynamic Cavitation Erosion." Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering. Mansoura University 42, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.88891.

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27

Tsenter, I. M., and M. S. Handarhaeva. "DISPOSAL OF WATER USING HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION." EurasianUnionScientists 9, no. 56 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2018.9.56.42-47.

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28

Randhavane Shrikant, B., and A. K. Khambete. "Hydrodynamic Cavitation: A Novel Treatment Approach." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 9 (2017): 9680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.246.

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29

Weber, V., and K. Dölle. "Hydrodynamic Cavitation Applied to Corn Oil." Advances in Research 9, no. 4 (January 10, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2017/32179.

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30

Arrojo, S., and Y. Benito. "A theoretical study of hydrodynamic cavitation." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 15, no. 3 (March 2008): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.03.007.

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31

Huang, Yongchun, Yu Wu, Weichun Huang, Feng Yang, and Xian’ e. Ren. "Degradation of chitosan by hydrodynamic cavitation." Polymer Degradation and Stability 98, no. 1 (January 2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.11.001.

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Suryawanshi, Pravin G., Vinay M. Bhandari, Laxmi Gayatri Sorokhaibam, Jayesh P. Ruparelia, and Vivek V. Ranade. "Solvent degradation studies using hydrodynamic cavitation." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 37, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.12674.

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Şağban, Fatma Olcay Topaç, Efsun Dindar, Canan Cirakoglu, and Bülent Keskinler. "Hydrodynamic Cavitation of Waste-Activated Sludge." Environmental Engineering Science 35, no. 8 (August 2018): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2016.0408.

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Sonawane, Shirish H., Sarang P. Gumfekar, Kunal H. Kate, Satish P. Meshram, Kshitij J. Kunte, Laxminarayan Ramjee, Candrashekhar M. Mahajan, Madan G. Parande, and Muthupandian Ashokkumar. "Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocalcite." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/242963.

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A systematic study was made on the synthesis of nanocalcite using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. The effects of various parameters such as diameter and geometry of orifice,CO2flow rate, andCa(OH)2concentration were investigated. It was observed that the orifice diameter and its geometry had significant effect on the carbonation process. The reaction rate was significantly faster than that observed in a conventional carbonation process. The particle size was significantly affected by the reactor geometry. The results showed that an orifice with 5 holes of 1 mm size resulted in the particle size reduction to 37 nm. The experimental investigation reveals that hydrodynamic cavitation may be more energy efficient.

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Chatterjee, Dhiman, and Vijay H. Arakeri. "Towards the concept of hydrodynamic cavitation control." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 332 (February 1997): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096004223.

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A careful study of the existing literature available in the field of cavitation reveals the potential of ultrasonics as a tool for controlling and, if possible, eliminating certain types of hydrodynamic cavitation through the manipulation of nuclei size present in a flow. A glass venturi is taken to be an ideal device to study the cavitation phenomenon at its throat and its potential control. A piezoelectric transducer, driven at the crystal resonant frequency, is used to generate an acoustic pressure field and is termed an ‘ultrasonic nuclei manipulator (UNM)'. Electrolysis bubbles serve as artificial nuclei to produce travelling bubble cavitation at the venturi throat in the absence of a UNM but this cavitation is completely eliminated when a UNM is operative. This is made possible because the nuclei, which pass through the acoustic field first, cavitate, collapse violently and perhaps fragment and go into dissolution before reaching the venturi throat. Thus, the potential nuclei for travelling bubble cavitation at the venturi throat seem to be systematically destroyed through acoustic cavitation near the UNM. From the solution to the bubble dynamics equation, it has been shown that the potential energy of a bubble at its maximum radius due to an acoustic field is negligible compared to that for the hydrodynamic field. Hence, even though the control of hydrodynamic macro cavitation achieved in this way is at the expense of acoustic micro cavitation, it can still be considered to be a significant gain. These are some of the first results in this direction.

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Zieliński, Marcin, Paulina Rusanowska, Aleksandra Krzywik, Magda Dudek, Anna Nowicka, and Marcin Dębowski. "Application of Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Improving Methane Fermentation of Sida hermaphrodita Silage." Energies 12, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030526.

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Hydrodynamic cavitation was recently applied as a biomass pretreatment method. Most of the studies which used hydrodynamic cavitation were applied to pretreated sugarcane bagasse or reed. High biomass yield of Sida hermaphrodita points out the necessity of studies on its effective pretreatment before methane fermentation, especially because its “wood-like” characteristics could present different disintegration properties than other lignocellulose biomass. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the influence of duration of hydrodynamic cavitation on lignocellulose composition in Sida hermaphrodita silage, and the assessment of disintegrated biomass as a substrate for methane fermentation. The study showed a slight decrease in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content in biomass after hydrodynamic cavitation, which resulted in a higher content of carbohydrates in the liquid fraction of disintegrated substrates. Methane production was 439.1 ± 45.0 L CH4/kg total solids (TS) from the substrate disintegrated for 20 min. However, the most effective time for methane production was hydrodynamic cavitation of the substrate for 5 min. At this pretreatment duration, the highest values for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and carbohydrate reduction were also noted. The study proved that hydrodynamic cavitation applied for 5 min allowed obtaining an energy profit of 0.17 Wh/g TS. The studies on a laboratory scale indicated that the technology of hydrodynamic cavitation of Sida hermaphrodita could be economically applied for methane fermentation on a large scale.

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Ran, Zilin, Wenxing Ma, and Chunbao Liu. "3D Cavitation Shedding Dynamics: Cavitation Flow-Fluid Vortex Formation Interaction in a Hydrodynamic Torque Converter." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062798.

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Recent experiments have shown interactions between the cavitation and fluid vortex formation in a hydrodynamic torque converter. This study aimed to clarify the unsteady cavitation trigger mechanism and flow-induced vibration caused by turbulence–cavitation interactions. The mass transfer cavitation model and modified Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes k–ω model were used with a local density correction for turbulent eddy viscosity to investigate the cavitation structure in a hydrodynamic torque converter under various operating conditions. The model results were then validated against test data. The multi-block structured gridding technique was used to develop an orthogonally structured grid of a three-dimensional full-flow passage as an alternative analysis method for the cavitation flow. The results indicated that the re-entrant jet is the main cause of the shedding cavitation and breaking O-type cavitation. The re-entrant jet is driven by the reverse pressure gradient to move upstream towards the stator nose, and it lifts and splits the attached cavitation, which periodically induces shedding cavitation. When the cavitation was considered, the prediction error of the capacity constant was reduced from 13.23% to <5%. This work provides an insight into the cavitation–vortex interactions in a hydrodynamic torque converter, which can be used to improve the prediction accuracy of the hydrodynamic performance.

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Kim, Hyunsoo, Bonchan Koo, Seungho Lee, and Joon Yong Yoon. "Experimental study of cavitation intensity using a novel hydrodynamic cavitation reactor." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33, no. 9 (September 2019): 4303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-0826-8.

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Yi, Chunhai, Qianqian Lu, Yun Wang, Yixuan Wang, and Bolun Yang. "Degradation of organic wastewater by hydrodynamic cavitation combined with acoustic cavitation." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 43 (May 2018): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.01.013.

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Stoeva, Donka, Apostol Simitchiev, and Hristo Hristov. "Cavitation treatment of water from a wastewater treatment plant." E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020705002.

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Hydrodynamic cavitation damages the apparatus by intensive cavitational erosion of the elements in a hydro system. Being acquainted with the mechanisms of effect, hydrodynamic cavitation can be used to intensify technological processes in different industrial areas. The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibilities using hydrodynamic cavitation for wastewater treatment from an urban treatment plant. To intensify the purifying process series of trials, at different levels of intensity of the electrical field in the zone of cavitation, were performed. Additionally presented, the electrical field assists in forcing the process of silver ions separation with the purpose of microbiological purification of the flowing water. Here we present the results of experimental studies conducted at various times and electrical fields intensity. These trials substantiate the idea of the microbiological purification of wastewaters via hydrodynamic cavitation and represent a huge range of opportunities for applying this method in various industrial fields. The basic criterion that supports our statement is the enormous drop of the microbe number by increasing the cavitation treatment time.

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Graham, David M., Donald M. D. Gray, and Kevin Dickison. "Reducing Nocardia Foaming Potential with Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, no. 18 (January 1, 2018): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825138105.

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Мальований, Мирослав Степанович, Володимир Валентинович Никифоров, Олександр Дмитрович Синельніков, Олена Володимирівна Харламова, and Василь Ярославович Бунько. "Influence of hydrodynamic cavitation on biological objects." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 4(25) (September 22, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.50862.

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43

Jyoti, K. K., and A. B. Pandit. "Water disinfection by acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation." Biochemical Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (May 2001): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-703x(00)00128-5.

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Balasundaram, B., and A. B. Pandit. "Selective release of invertase by hydrodynamic cavitation." Biochemical Engineering Journal 8, no. 3 (October 2001): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-703x(01)00114-0.

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Burzio, E., F. Bersani, G. C. A. Caridi, R. Vesipa, L. Ridolfi, and C. Manes. "Water disinfection by orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 60 (January 2020): 104740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104740.

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Badve, Mandar P., Mihir N. Bhagat, and Aniruddha B. Pandit. "Microbial disinfection of seawater using hydrodynamic cavitation." Separation and Purification Technology 151 (September 2015): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.020.

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47

Kiu, Stephen Sie Kiong, Suzana Yusup, Chok Vui Soon, Taufiq Arpin, and Syahrullail Samion. "Lubricant Enhancement via Hydrodynamic and Acoustic Cavitation." Procedia Engineering 148 (2016): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.493.

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SOYAMA, Hitoshi, and Taka MURAOKA. "205 Hydroxyl Radical Generated by Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Proceedings of Autumn Conference of Tohoku Branch 2009.45 (2009): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetohoku.2009.45.49.

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Gaines, W. A., B. R. Kim, A. R. Drews, C. Bailey, and T. Loch. "Controlling Cooling Water Quality by Hydrodynamic Cavitation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2007, no. 7 (October 1, 2007): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864707787781656.

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Vitenko, Tatiana, Paweł Droździel, and Anna Rudawska. "USING HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION DEVICE IN THE INDUSTRY." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/94944.

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