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Journal articles on the topic 'Cause of death'
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Akaraborworn, Osaree, Burapat Sangthong, Komet Thongkhao, Pratthana Chainiramol, and Khanitta Kaewsaengrueang. "Death and preventable death in trauma patients in a level-1 trauma center in Thailand." Asian Biomedicine 13, no. 5 (June 4, 2020): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0059.
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AbstractBackgroundTrauma is a major cause of death in young adults. The mortality rate is one of the key performance indices of trauma centers.ObjectiveTo demonstrate a mortality rate, cause of death, and cause of nonpreventable death in a level-1 trauma center in Thailand.MethodsThere was a retrospective study of the death cases from a trauma registry. The number of trauma deaths during the study period was collected to identify the death rate. The causes of death and a death analysis were obtained from the morbidity and mortality.ResultsThe death rate was 6.6%. The most common cause of overall death was head injury, and exsanguination was the most common cause of death in the first 24 h. The preventable death rate was 2%, and the most common cause of preventable death was exsanguination.ConclusionsThe mortality rate of trauma patients in Thailand was not higher than that in other countries. The majority of deaths were caused from head injury. Therefore, improvement in injury prevention is needed to decrease the number of deaths.
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Sakinah, Innama, Ahmad Jubaedi, and Fifi Musfirowati. "Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kematian Maternal dalam Penguatan Pengetahuan dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Kesehatan: Studi Otopsi Verbal Maternal." Oksitosin : Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/oksitosin.v10i1.2589.
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Several factors that cause maternal death can be prevented. To get overview of maternal death caused, it is necessary to carry out in-depth investigations to family and various related parties. This study aims to determine the profile of maternal deaths, the factors that cause maternal deaths that can be prevented and the obstacles that cause maternal deaths. This study used mixed methods with sequential explanatory. The quantitative approach in the first stage was collecting data from data recapitulation and OVM of 254 maternal deaths in Banten Province in 2021. The second stage used a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews. The results showed that 97.6% of maternal deaths could be prevented. The high number of maternal deaths caused by the lack of ANC visits, the referral factor is especially late in deciding to refer.
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Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Anamitra Barik, Saibal Mazumdar, Kajal Chatterjee, Yogeshwar V. Kalkonde, Prashant Mathur, Abhijit Chowdhury, and Wafaie W. Fawzi. "Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of mortality in rural Birbhum, West Bengal, India: a sex-stratified analysis of verbal autopsies from a prospective cohort, 2012–2017." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e036578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036578.
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ObjectivesThere is a dearth of data on causes of death in rural India, which impedes identification of public health priorities to guide health interventions. This study aims to offer insights from verbal autopsies, to understand the pattern and distribution of causes of death in a rural area of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India.DesignCauses of death data were retrieved from a prospective vital event surveillance system.SettingThe Birbhum Population Project, a Health and Demographic Surveillance System, West Bengal, India.ParticipantsBetween January 2012 and December 2017, all deaths were recorded.Main outcome measuresTrained Surveyors tracked all deaths prospectively and used a previously validated verbal autopsy (VA) tool to record causes of death. Experienced physicians reviewed completed VA forms, and assigned cause of death using the 10th version of International Classification of Diseases. In addition to cause-specific mortality fraction, cause-specific crude death rate (CDR) among males and females were estimated.ResultsA total of 2320 deaths (1348 males and 972 females) were recorded. An estimated CDR was 708/100 000. Over half of all deaths (1176 deaths, 50.7%) were attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with nearly 30% of all deaths attributed to circulatory system disorders; whereas 24.2% and 3.9% deaths were due to cerebrovascular diseases and ischaemic heart disease, respectively. Equal percent (13%) of males died from external causes and from infectious and parasitic diseases, and 11% died from respiratory system-related diseases. Among females, 12% died from infectious and parasitic diseases. Among children aged 0–4 years, 50% of all male deaths and 45% of all female deaths were attributed to conditions in the perinatal period.ConclusionsNCDs are the leading cause of death among adults in a select population of rural Birbhum, India. Health programmes for rural India should prioritise plans to mitigate deaths due to NCDs.
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Stewart, C. P. U., and A. S. Jain. "Cause of death of lower limb amputees." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 16, no. 2 (August 1992): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649209164325.
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A study was carried out on the cause of death of 100 lower limb amputees who had been admitted to the Dundee Limb Fitting Centre, Tayside, Scotland for prosthetic management or wheelchair training. A comprehensive database has been established in the Centre for 25 years and the database is updated regularly. The date of death was collected and recorded. One hundred sequential deaths were investigated to review the cause of their death and compare this with the recorded causes of death for the Tayside population for the year of study. Ninety three per cent had an amputation for vascular related causes, with 73% having a below-knee amputation and 17% above-knee. Heart disease was the most frequent recorded cause of death (51%) of the amputee whereas only 28.1% of the Tayside group died from this pathology (p<0.01). Carcinomatosis was reported as a cause of death in 14% of the amputees and 23.5% of the Tayside group. Cerebrovascular disease caused death in 6% of the amputees and in 12.3% of the Tayside group (both p<0.01). These findings confirm earlier suggestions that vascular amputees die from heart disease more often than the general population.
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Stein, Howard. "Cause of death." Families, Systems, & Health 28, no. 1 (2010): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015755.
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Kean, S. "Cause of death." Science 347, no. 6229 (March 26, 2015): 1410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.347.6229.1410.
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Zimmerly, James G. "Cause of death." Journal of Legal Medicine 15, no. 2 (June 1994): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01947649409510949.
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Moffat, Robin. "Cause of death." Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 1, no. 2 (September 1994): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1353-1131(94)90022-1.
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Kircher, Tobias. "Cause of Death." JAMA 258, no. 3 (July 17, 1987): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03400030065033.
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Kaplan, Samuel. "Cause of Death." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 22 (December 11, 1987): 3252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03400220052014.
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Patterson, John E. "Cause of Death." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 22 (December 11, 1987): 3252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03400220052015.
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Sweeney, E. S. "Cause of Death." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 22 (December 11, 1987): 3252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03400220052016.
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Reay, Donald T. "Cause of Death." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 22 (December 11, 1987): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03400220052017.
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Mason, Edward E. "Cause of Death." Obesity Surgery 17, no. 1 (January 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-007-9022-5.
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Sirmon, Maryella Desak. "Cause of Death." Annals of Internal Medicine 177, no. 3 (March 2024): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m23-1833.
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Appuhamy, P., R. Samaranayaka, and S. Manjika. "Accuracy of Death Certification of Cause of Death in Home Deaths by Grama Niladhari in Selected Divisional Secretariat Areas of Sri Lanka." Medico-Legal Journal of Sri Lanka 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/mljsl.v11i1.7475.
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Introduction: Accurate and complete medical data on the cause of death are critically important for designing and evaluating health programs and policies. Mortality medical data on deaths that occur inside a healthcare facility are certified by medical officers and therefore they are considered to be reliable and accurate. However, approximately one-half of the 130,000 deaths which occur each year in Sri Lanka take place outside a healthcare facility. There are several death certification systems existing for getting a death registered after determining the cause of death and obtaining the death certificate in home deaths in Sri Lanka without the involvement of a medical officer. Those systems involve either Inquire into Sudden Death, Grama Niladhari, Police Officer, or Estate Superintendent as the individual responsible for stating the cause of death. Few studies have analysed the causes of death stated by the ISD however, there are no published studies that have analysed the cause of death stated by Grama Niladharies on home deaths in Sri Lanka.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on home deaths that occurred between September 2021 and September 2022 in the Matale and Ukuwela divisional secretariat areas of Sri Lanka using secondary data collected from B 24 forms which were filled by Grama Niladhari of respective divisions.Results: The study included 230 home deaths. 72% of medical records were of poor quality to assign a cause of death. In all these death certificates, the cause of death was not stated according to the WHO format of the cause of death. Fifty-four percent used an ill-defined condition as the underlying cause of death. Cancer was the cause of death in 11% of adults and accounted for the highest number of cases.Conclusions: Grama Niladhari in Sri Lanka has difficulties in completing the cause of death accurately. They routinely made errors in death certification because of these inaccurate causes of death. This situation needs rectifiable measures as home death data is very vital for certain healthcare decisions.
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Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Alberto Novaes Ramos Junior, Carlos Henrique Alencar, and Jorg Heukelbach. "Multiple causes of death related to Chagas' disease in Brazil, 1999 to 2007." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45, no. 5 (October 2012): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822012000500010.
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INTRODUCTION: Chagas' disease is a major public health problem in Brazil and needs extensive and reliable information to support consistent prevention and control actions. This study describes the most common causes of death associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease (underlying or associated cause of death). METHODS: Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health (approximately 9 million deaths). We analyzed all deaths that occurred in Brazil between 1999 and 2007, where Chagas' disease was mentioned on the death certificate as underlying or associated cause (multiple causes of death). RESULTS: There was a total of 53,930 deaths related to Chagas' disease, 44,543 (82.6%) as underlying cause and 9,387 (17.4%) as associated cause. The main diseases and conditions associated with death by Chagas' disease as underlying cause included direct complications of cardiac involvement, such as conduction disorders/arrhythmias (41.4%) and heart failure (37.7%). Cerebrovascular disease (13.2%), ischemic heart disease (13.2%) and hypertensive diseases (9.3%) were the main underlying causes of deaths in which Chagas' disease was identified as an associated cause. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular diseases were often associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease. Information from multiple causes of death recorded on death certificates allows reconstruction of the natural history of Chagas' disease and suggests preventive and therapeutic potential measures more adequate and specifics.
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Chung, Sangyup, Sun-Hyu Kim, Byeong-Ju Park, and Soobeom Park. "Factors Associated with Major Errors on Death Certificates." Healthcare 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040726.
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The objective of this study was to investigate errors on death certificates and factors associated with the occurrence of major errors. A retrospective analysis was conducted for six months in 2020 at a university training hospital. Errors were judged as major and minor errors according to the contribution to the process of determining the cause of death. Death certificates were classified into two groups with major errors (ME group) and without major errors (non-ME group). General characteristics of the death certificates, the main cause of death (cancer, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, digestive disease, respiratory disease, genitourinary disease, intentional self-harm, external causes, and other causes), the number of causes of deaths written on the death certificate, and major and minor errors were investigated. The ME group had 127 cases out of 548 death certificates. The number of causes of deaths written on the death certificates and the total number of errors were higher in the ME group than in the non-ME group. Cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, digestive disease, respiratory disease, external causes, and other diseases as causes of deaths had higher risks of major errors on death certificates than cancer as a cause of death. The group with cancer as a cause of death had the lowest incidence of major errors and fewer causes of deaths. To reduce major errors, continuous education and feedback are needed for those who are qualified to issue a death certificate.
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Artac Ozdal, Macide, and Seda Behlul. "Causes of Deaths in Northern Cyprus: Implications for Accurate Recording and Prevention of Deaths." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010014.
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Background: Reporting the causes of deaths completely and correctly is important to develop interventions for reducing death rates in populations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the death rates, major causes of deaths and accuracy of recording of death causes in Northern Cyprus between 2007 and 2016. Methods: Data on death rates and causes of deaths between 2007 and 2016 were collected. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23 vs to determine the trends in death rates and to evaluate the ranking of causes of deaths. Results: There was an overall decrease in crude death rates between 2007 and 2016. The proportion of deaths in Northern Cyprus varied in terms of gender and age between 2007 and 2016, with death rates greater in males compared to females (1.89 times greater in 2007) and with higher death rates in people of older ages compared to younger people. The most common cause of death was ischemic heart diseases in all years, except in 2008, where senility was reported as the most common cause of death. Conclusion: There were decreasing trends in mortality rates in Northern Cyprus, with ischemic heart diseases reported as the top cause of deaths in the population. Accurate and complete reporting must be ensured for effective health policies and reduction of health expenditures.
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Brown, Tyler S., Kathryn Dubowski, Madia Plitt, Laura Falci, Erica Lee, Mary Huynh, Yoko Furuya, and Neil M. Vora. "Erroneous Reporting of Deaths Attributed to Pneumonia and Influenza at 2 New York City Teaching Hospitals, 2013-2014." Public Health Reports 135, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920953209.
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Objectives Cause-of-death information, reported by frontline clinicians after a patient’s death, is an irreplaceable source of public health data. However, systematic bias in cause-of-death reporting can lead to over- or underestimation of deaths attributable to different causes. New York City consistently reports higher rates of deaths attributable to pneumonia and influenza than many other US cities and the country. We investigated systematic erroneous reporting as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. Methods We reviewed all deaths from 2 New York City hospitals during 2013-2014 in which pneumonia or influenza was reported as the underlying cause of death (n = 188), and we examined the association between erroneous reporting and multiple extrinsic factors that may influence cause-of-death reporting (patient demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities, time and hospital location of death, type of medical provider reporting the death, and availability of certain diagnostic information). Results Pneumonia was erroneously reported as the underlying cause of death in 163 (86.7%) reports. We identified heart disease and dementia as the more likely underlying cause of death in 21% and 17% of erroneously reported deaths attributable to pneumonia, respectively. We found no significant association between erroneous reporting and the multiple extrinsic factors examined. Conclusions Our results underscore how erroneous reporting of 1 condition can lead to underreporting of other causes of death. Misapplication or misunderstanding of procedures by medical providers, rather than extrinsic factors influencing the reporting process, are key drivers of erroneous cause-of-death reporting.
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Cheng, Yi, Xue Han, Yong Luo, and Weiguo Xu. "Deaths of obstructive lung disease in the Yangpu district of Shanghai from 2003 through 2011: a multiple cause analysis." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 9 (May 5, 2014): 1619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20132432.
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Background Obstructive lung disease (OLD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma) is an important cause of death in older people. There has been no exhaustive population-based mortality study of this subject in Shanghai. The objective of this study was to use a multiple cause of death methodology in the analysis of OLD mortality trends in the Yangpu district of Shanghai, from 2003 through 2011. Methods We analyzed death data from the Shanghai Yangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention for Medical Cause of Death database, selecting all death certificates for individuals 40 years or older on which OLD was listed as a cause of death. Results From 2003 to 2011, there were 8 775 deaths with OLD listed, of which 6 005 (68%) were identified as the underlying cause of death. For the entire period, a significantly decreasing trend of age standardized rates of death from OLD was observed in men (-6.2% per year) and in women (-5.7% per year), similar trends were observed in deaths with OLD. The mean annual rates of deaths from OLD per 100 000 were 161.2 for men and 80.8 for women from 2003 to 2011. While, as the underlying cause of death, the main associated causes of death were as follows: cardiovascular diseases (70.7%), cerebrovascular diseases (13.3%), diabetes (8.6%), and cancer (4.3%). The associated causes and the principal overall underlying causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (37.0%), cancer (30.3%), and cerebrovascular disease (15.3%). A significant seasonal variation, with the highest frequency in winter, occurred in deaths identified with underlying causes of chronic bronchitis, other obstructive pulmonary diseases, and asthma. Conclusions Multiple cause mortality analysis provides a more accurate picture than underlying cause of total mortality attributed on death certificates to OLD. The major comorbidities associated with OLD were cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease. From 2003 to 2011, the mortality rate from OLD decreased substantially in the Yangpu district of Shanghai.
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Ekka, Anju R., and Sangeeta R. Jogi. "Classification of maternal mortality by ICD-MM: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Chhattisgarh." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210044.
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Background: Sustainable development goal 3 (SDG 3) includes an ambitious target of reducing the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 per 100 000 births by 2030. To reach this target, countries need an accurate picture of the levels and causes of maternal deaths. A standardization of the cause of death attribution will improve interpretation of data on maternal mortality, analysis on the causes of maternal death, and allocation of resources and programmes intended to address maternal mortality. International classification of diseases-maternal mortality (ICD-MM) has proven to be easily applicable and helps clarify the cause of maternal death.Methods: Retrospective study of 142 maternal death cases was done in a tertiary medical centre (medical college) from December 2017 to November 2020 for determining the causes of maternal death and their classification according to ICD-MM.Results: Direct causes of maternal deaths were observed in 82.39% cases whereas indirect causes were present in remaining 17.61% cases. Hypertensive disorders (35.92%), obstetric haemorrhage (26.06%) and pregnancy related infection (14.79%) constituted the major groups of direct cause of maternal deaths whereas anaemia was the most common indirect cause (7.75%).Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders (35.92%), obstetric haemorrhage (26.06%) and pregnancy related infection (14.79%) were the major causes of direct obstetric death and anaemia (7.75%) was the most common cause of indirect obstetric death. All of these causes are preventable with targeted interventions. Reducing maternal mortality is one of the key targets within the SDG and ICD-MM is a valuable tool for uniform and standard classification of maternal deaths as well as for developing strategies for reducing maternal death. Training on cause of death certification, maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) documentation and use of ICD is essential to enable consistent application of ICD coding and improve data collection and analysis.
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Lazenby, Mark, Tony Ma, Howard J. Moffat, Marjorie Funk, M. Tish Knobf, and Ruth McCorkle. "Influences on place of death in Botswana." Palliative and Supportive Care 8, no. 2 (March 23, 2010): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951509990939.
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AbstractObjective:There is an emerging body of research aimed at understanding the determinants of place of death, as where people die may influence the quality of their death. However, little is known about place of death for people of Southern Africa. This study describes place of death (home or hospital) and potential influencing factors (cause of death, age, gender, occupation, and district of residence).Method:We collected the death records for years 2005 and 2006 for all adult non-traumatic deaths that occurred in Botswana, described them, and looked for associations using bivariate and multivariate analyses.Results:The evaluable sample consisted of 18,869 death records. Home deaths accounted for 36% of all deaths, and were predominantly listed with “unknown” cause (82.3%). Causes of death for hospital deaths were HIV/AIDS (49.7%), cardiovascular disease (13.8%), and cancer (6.6%). The mean age at the time of all deaths was 53.2 years (SD = 20.9); with 61 years (SD = 22.5) for home deaths and 48.8 years (SD = 18.6) for hospital deaths (p < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed the following independent predictors of dying at home: unknown cause of death; female gender; >80 years of age; and residing in a city or rural area (p < .05).Significance of Results:A major limitation of this study was documentation of cause of death; the majority of people who died at home were listed with an unknown cause of death. This finding impeded the ability of the study to determine whether cause of death influenced dying at home. Future study is needed to determine whether verbal autopsies would increase death-certificate listings of causes of home deaths. These data would help direct end-of-life care for patients in the home.
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Veeranna, Chandrakanth Hungund, and Smitha Rani. "Cause of Death Certification in COVID-19 Deaths." Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 24, no. 9 (2020): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23561.
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Flaxman, Seth, Charles Whittaker, Elizaveta Semenova, Theo Rashid, Robbie M. Parks, Alexandra Blenkinsop, H. Juliette T. Unwin, et al. "Assessment of COVID-19 as the Underlying Cause of Death Among Children and Young People Aged 0 to 19 Years in the US." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): e2253590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53590.
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ImportanceCOVID-19 was the underlying cause of death for more than 940 000 individuals in the US, including at least 1289 children and young people (CYP) aged 0 to 19 years, with at least 821 CYP deaths occurring in the 1-year period from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. Because deaths among US CYP are rare, the mortality burden of COVID-19 in CYP is best understood in the context of all other causes of CYP death.ObjectiveTo determine whether COVID-19 is a leading (top 10) cause of death in CYP in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis national population-level cross-sectional epidemiological analysis for the years 2019 to 2022 used data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database on underlying cause of death in the US to identify the ranking of COVID-19 relative to other causes of death among individuals aged 0 to 19 years. COVID-19 deaths were considered in 12-month periods between April 1, 2020, and August 31, 2022, compared with deaths from leading non–COVID-19 causes in 2019, 2020, and 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCause of death rankings by total number of deaths, crude rates per 100 000 population, and percentage of all causes of death, using the National Center for Health Statistics 113 Selected Causes of Death, for ages 0 to 19 and by age groupings (&lt;1 year, 1-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, 15-19 years).ResultsThere were 821 COVID-19 deaths among individuals aged 0 to 19 years during the study period, resulting in a crude death rate of 1.0 per 100 000 population overall; 4.3 per 100 000 for those younger than 1 year; 0.6 per 100 000 for those aged 1 to 4 years; 0.4 per 100 000 for those aged 5 to 9 years; 0.5 per 100 000 for those aged 10 to 14 years; and 1.8 per 100 000 for those aged 15 to 19 years. COVID-19 mortality in the time period of August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022, was among the 10 leading causes of death in CYP aged 0 to 19 years in the US, ranking eighth among all causes of deaths, fifth in disease-related causes of deaths (excluding unintentional injuries, assault, and suicide), and first in deaths caused by infectious or respiratory diseases when compared with 2019. COVID-19 deaths constituted 2% of all causes of death in this age group.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that COVID-19 was a leading cause of death in CYP. It caused substantially more deaths in CYP annually than any vaccine-preventable disease historically in the recent period before vaccines became available. Various factors, including underreporting and not accounting for COVID-19’s role as a contributing cause of death from other diseases, mean that these estimates may understate the true mortality burden of COVID-19. The findings of this study underscore the public health relevance of COVID-19 to CYP. In the likely future context of sustained SARS-CoV-2 circulation, appropriate pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions (eg, vaccines, ventilation, air cleaning) will continue to play an important role in limiting transmission of the virus and mitigating severe disease in CYP.
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Santo, Augusto Hasiak. "Cysticercosis-related mortality in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, 1985-2004: a study using multiple causes of death." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, no. 12 (December 2007): 2917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007001200013.
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Cysticercosis-related mortality has not been studied in Brazil. Deaths recorded in the State of São Paulo from 1985 to 2004 in which cysticercosis was mentioned on any line or in any part of the death certificate were studied. Causes of death were processed using the Multiple Cause Tabulator. Over this 20-year period, cysticercosis was identified in 1,570 deaths: as the underlying cause in 1,131 and as an associated cause of death in 439. Standardized mortality rates with cysticercosis as the underlying cause showed a downward trend and were higher among men and older individuals. Intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, and cerebrovascular diseases were the main associated causes in deaths due to cysticercosis. AIDS was the principal underlying cause of death in which cysticercosis was an associated cause. The counties (municipalities) with the most cysticercosis-related deaths were São Paulo, Campinas, Ribeirão Preto, and Santo André. Wide variation was observed between counties regarding the value ascribed to cysticercosis as the underlying cause of death. This leads to underestimation of the disease's importance in planning health interventions.
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Adih, William K., Richard M. Selik, H. Irene Hall, Aruna Surendera Babu, and Ruiguang Song. "Associations and Trends in Cause-Specific Rates of Death Among Persons Reported with HIV Infection, 23 U.S. Jurisdictions, Through 2011." Open AIDS Journal 10, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601610010144.
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Background: Published death rates for persons with HIV have not distinguished deaths due to HIV from deaths due to other causes. Cause-specific death rates would allow better assessment of care needs. Methods: Using data reported to the US national HIV surveillance system, we examined a) associations between selected decedent characteristics and causes of death during 2007-2011, b) trends in rates of death due to underlying causes among persons with AIDS during 1990-2011, and among all persons with diagnosed HIV infection (with or without AIDS) during 2000-2011. Results: During 2007-2011, non-HIV-attributable causes of death with the highest rates per 1,000 person-years were heart disease (2.0), non-AIDS cancers other than lung cancer (1.4), and accidents (0.8). During 1990-2011, among persons with AIDS, the annual rate of death due to HIV-attributable causes decreased by 89% (from 122.0 to 13.2), and the rate due to non-HIV-attributable-causes decreased by 57% (from 20.0 to 8.6), while the percentage of deaths caused by non-HIV-attributable causes increased from 11% to 43%. During 2000-2011, among persons with HIV infection, the rate of death due to HIV-attributable causes decreased by 69% (from 26.4 to 8.3), and the rate due to non-HIV-attributable causes decreased by 28% (from 10.5 to 7.6), while the percentage of deaths caused by non-HIV-attributable causes increased from 25% to 48%. Conclusion: Among HIV-infected persons, as rates of death due to HIV-attributable causes decreased, rates due to non-HIV-attributable causes also decreased, but the percentages of deaths due to non-HIV-attributable causes, such as heart disease and non-AIDS cancers increased.
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Wise, Robert A., Peter R. Kowey, George Austen, Achim Mueller, Norbert Metzdorf, Andy Fowler, and Lorcan P. McGarvey. "Discordance in investigator-reported and adjudicated sudden death in TIOSPIR." ERJ Open Research 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 00073–2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00073-2016.
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Accurate and consistent determination of cause of death is challenging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. TIOSPIR (N=17 135) compared the safety and efficacy of tiotropium Respimat 5/2.5 µg with HandiHaler 18 µg in COPD patients. All-cause mortality was a primary end-point. A mortality adjudication committee (MAC) assessed all deaths. We aimed to investigate causes of discordance in investigator-reported and MAC-adjudicated causes of death and their impact on results, especially cardiac and sudden death.The MAC provided independent, blinded assessment of investigator-reported deaths (n=1302) and assigned underlying cause of death. Discordance between causes of death was assessed descriptively (shift tables).There was agreement between investigator-reported and MAC-adjudicated deaths in 69.4% of cases at the system organ class level. Differences were mainly observed for cardiac deaths (16.4% investigator, 5.1% MAC) and deaths assigned to general disorders including sudden death (17.4% investigator, 24.6% MAC). Reasons for discrepancies included investigator attribution to the immediate (e.g. myocardial infarction (MI)) over the underlying cause of death (e.g. COPD) and insufficient information for a definitive cause.Cause-specific mortality varies in COPD, depending on the method of assignment. Sudden death, witnessed and unwitnessed, is common in COPD and often attributed to MI without supporting evidence.
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Søborg, Andreas, Joanne Reekie, Allan Rasmussen, Caspar Da Cunha-Bang, Finn Gustafsson, Kasper Rossing, Michael Perch, et al. "Trends in underlying causes of death in solid organ transplant recipients between 2010 and 2020: Using the CLASS method for determining specific causes of death." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 25, 2022): e0263210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263210.
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Monitoring specific underlying causes of death in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is important in order to identify emerging trends and health challenges. This retrospective cohort study includes all SOT recipients transplanted at Rigshospitalet between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2019. The underlying cause of death was determined using the newly developed Classification of Death Causes after Transplantation (CLASS) method. Cox regression analyses assessed risk factors for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Of the 1774 SOT recipients included, 299 patients died during a total of 7511 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) with cancer (N = 57, 19%), graft rejection (N = 55, 18%) and infections (N = 52, 17%) being the most frequent causes of death. We observed a lower risk of all-cause death with increasing transplant calendar year (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.96 per 1-year increase), alongside death from graft rejection (HR 0.84 per year, 95% CI 0.74–0.95) and death from infections (HR 0.86 per year, 95% CI 0.77–0.97). Further, there was a trend towards lower cumulative incidence of death from cardiovascular disease, graft failure and cancer in more recent years, while death from other organ specific and non-organ specific causes did not decrease. All-cause mortality among SOT recipients has decreased over the past decade, mainly due to a decrease in graft rejection- and infection-related deaths. Conversely, deaths from a broad range of other causes have remained unchanged, suggesting that cause of death among SOT recipients is increasingly diverse and warrants a multidisciplinary effort and attention in the future.
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Jokubauskas, Vytautas. "Causes of Death in the Lithuanian Armed Forces, 1919–1940." Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis 43 (December 16, 2022): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v43i0.2490.
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Between the First World War and the Second World War, approximately 280 thousand men served in the Lithuanian armed forces. This is a significant figure for a country that only had a population of two to 2.5 million. Even though the Lithuanian armed forces were only involved in active military operations and low-intensity fighting from 1919 to 1923, servicemen died during the entire period up to 1940. The numbers of deaths during the Wars of Independence are well known; however, the causes of death in the Lithuanian armed forces, both from 1919 to 1920 and in later years, have not been investigated in great depth. We understand that one cause of death in an active army is active combat. In the study of war, deaths in action are further classified into deaths caused by artillery fire, machine gun and rifle fire, bayonets, etc. This allows scholars to determine the effectiveness of weapons systems and tactical elements used on the battlefield. However, the focus of this article is the causes of soldiers’ deaths that are not directly combat related. In the first section, I discuss causes of death in the Lithuanian armed forces during periods of war and peace, and provide a host of examples, which include deaths caused by disease, accidents, homicide and suicide. In the last section, I present the results of quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis is a case study of a single regiment that demonstrates the predominant causes of death from 1919 to 1940, with a separate analysis of causes of death for the period 1919 to 1920.
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Hanzlick, Randy. "Protocol for Writing Cause-of-Death Statements for Deaths Due to Natural Causes." Archives of Internal Medicine 156, no. 1 (January 8, 1996): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1996.00440010031005.
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Hanzlick, R. "Protocol for writing cause-of-death statements for deaths due to natural causes." Archives of Internal Medicine 156, no. 1 (January 8, 1996): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.156.1.25.
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Petri, M. A., J. Levy, U. Sbarigia, and D. Goldman. "POS1500 ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN A SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2726.
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BackgroundMultiple studies have documented that patients with SLE have a higher all-cause mortality. Active disease contributes to early deaths with later deaths more likely due to cardiovascular disease and malignancy.ObjectivesIn this study we present the pattern of mortality in a single long-term, prospective cohort using death certificates to document cause of death.MethodsThe cohort consists of 2,238 patients (92% female, 52% Caucasian, 39% African American) with 92% from Maryland and surrounding states (MD 71%, VA 9%, PA 7%, DE 3%, WV 1%, DC 1%). Death records for 1,288 patients lost to follow up prior to 2020 were obtained from the National Death Index (NDI) at the Center for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA). The NDI identified 11,369 death records from 1985 to 2019 as possible matches based on name, gender, race, and date of birth. Primary and secondary causes of death were provided for the best match for each patient. The causes of death were based on CDC classifications of ICD10 and ICD9 codes. Lupus was identified as a cause of death if ICD10 code M32.X or L93.0, or ICD9 code 695.X or 710.0 was listed on the death record.There were 207 death records identified by matching the NDI data elements and the date of death on the certificate to the date of death reported by the family. Analysis of these 207 records provided the following set of criteria that identified additional death records from the remaining 1,079 patients lost to follow up: 1) date of death occurred after the patient was lost to follow up; 2) at least six out of seven data elements sent to NDI matched those on the death record; and 3) EITHER lupus was listed as a cause of death on the death record OR the state of residence matched the state listed on the death record. Using these criteria, an additional 297 death records were found (Table 1).ResultsThe leading primary causes of death listed on the death certificate were: lupus (n=116, 23%), cardiovascular (n=114, 23%), cancer (n=74, 15%), infection (n=66, 13%), other (n=55, 11%), respiratory (n=28, 6%), accidental (n=17, 3%), renal (n=9, 2%) and gastrointestinal (n=8, 2%). Lupus deaths and accidental deaths occurred at a significantly younger age (p-values less than 0.05 for paired t-tests; Figure 1). African Americans died at a younger age compared to Caucasians (50 ± 15 years vs 58 ± 16 years, p<0.001). African Americans had a higher proportion of deaths from infections and renal causes compared to Caucasians (p=0.0017 Likelihood ratio test).ConclusionSLE patients died at an average of 55 years of age for all causes of death (compared to life expectancies of >80 years for females in the US), with lupus and cardiovascular disease identified as the leading causes of death on death certificates. Cancer and infection were the third and fourth causes of death. African Americans died younger than Caucasians and had more infection and renal causes of death. Only respiratory deaths were significantly more common in Caucasians.Table 1– Matching Criteria for Death RecordsDate of Death after Lost to Follow UpNDI Criteria MatchLupus = Cause of DeathState MatchFamily Reported DeathsAdditional Death RecordsTotal Death RecordsY7YY11599214Y7NY70143213Y7YN31215Y6YY9312Y6NY103949Y6YN011Totals207297504Figure 1: Age at Death versus Cause of DeathREFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsMichelle A Petri Consultant of: MP is a consultant to Alexion, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Argenx, AstraZeneca, Aurinia, Biogen, Caribou Biosciences, CVS Health, EMD Serono, Eli Lilly, Emergent Biosolutions, GSK, IQVIA, Janssen, Kira Pharmaceuticals, MedShr, Sanofi and SinoMab, Grant/research support from: MP received grant support from GSK, Lilly, Exagen, Thermofisher, AstraZeneca and Aurinia, Joseph Levy: None declared, Urbano Sbarigia Shareholder of: US is an employee of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, and owns Johnson & Johnson stock and stock options, Employee of: US is an employee of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, Daniel Goldman: None declared.
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Kirkaldy, John, Patrick Bishop, Liam Clarke, and Sally Belfrage. "Death for a Cause." Books Ireland, no. 117 (1987): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20630605.
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Egbert, Anne. "The Cause of Death." Annals of Internal Medicine 117, no. 6 (September 15, 1992): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-6-532.
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MacDorman, M. F., D. L. Hoyert, and H. M. Rosenberg. "Cause-of-death categories." American Journal of Public Health 87, no. 12 (December 1997): 2054–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.12.2054.
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Knight, Bernard. "The Cause of Death." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 79, no. 4 (April 1986): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688607900401.
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Stockinger, Brigitta. "Cause of death matters." Nature 458, no. 7234 (March 2009): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/458044a.
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Arshad, Saaima, K. V. Gopalakrishna, Praful Maroo, and Muhammad Nouman Iqbal. "Lactobacillus-Cause of Death." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 18, no. 3 (May 2010): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0b013e3181c75429.
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Kajstura, Jan, Roberto Bolli, Edmund H. Sonnenblick, Piero Anversa, and Annarosa Leri. "Cause of death: suicide." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 40, no. 4 (April 2006): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.12.013.
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Raoult, Didier, and Michel Drancourt. "Cause of Black Death." Lancet Infectious Diseases 2, no. 8 (August 2002): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00341-9.
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Anderson, C., J. Connelly, Eve C. Johnstone, and D. G. C. Owens. "V. Cause of Death." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, S13 (October 1991): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296335.
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High mortality rates among schizophrenic patients from infectious diseases, particularly tuberculosis, pneumonia and gastro-enteritis, reported for periods up to the 1940s were shown not to be specific for schizophrenia, but were characteristic of the mental hospital population as a whole (Alstrom, 1942). Studies covering more recent times confirm the decline and virtual disappearance of mortality from tuberculosis (Baldwin, 1979), but an extensive literature continues to emphasise the relatively high mortality of the mentally ill, including those defined as schizophrenic (Innes & Millar, 1970; Tsuang & Woolson, 1977), and more recent record linkage studies (Herrman et al, 1983; Allebeck & Wistedt, 1986) have continued to show an excess of both natural and unnatural deaths. Long follow-up studies of reasonably large groups of well documented cases are relatively uncommon in this area and therefore the 532 cases in the Harrow study were carefully followed up from the point of view of the occurrence and cause of death.
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Kircher, Tobias. "Cause of Death-Reply." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 258, no. 22 (December 11, 1987): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03400220052018.
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Lindroos, Sanni. "Cause of Death: Lähiö." Nordic Theatre Studies 34, no. 2 (December 19, 2023): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v34i2.141661.
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As geographically and socially marginalized neighbourhoods, Finnish lähiös are associated with urban segregation and a set of stereotypes about their residents. Claiming to portray everyday life in the lähiö, in 2018, Turku City Theatre premiered a musical theatre production Varissuo, which was set in the city’s largest and most multicultural housing unit. This article investigates how Varissuo was constructed and depicted both on stage and beyond the stage by analyzing several characters and their storylines, as well as material details present in the theatre building’s lobby area. Drawing from Richard Dyer’s notion of stereotypes as a product of assumed consensuses about specific social groups, the article first focuses on plotting how both novelistic and stereotypical characters contributed to an understanding of the lähiö as a locus of ill-being and personal struggle. Critically approaching Jill Dolan’s conceptual utopian performatives, the article then discusses the elements of utopia and dystopia in Varissuo, suggesting that the representation of the lähiö on stage and in the theatre building erased political potential of the utopian performatives and subverted them into a counterproductive force. I argue that the utilization of lähiö stereotypes and Varissuo’s detachment from its real-life origins potentially contributes to further stigmatization and polarization between social groups
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Pimentel, Dayane da Rocha, Rosário Antunes Fonseca Lima, Mirian Domingos Cardoso, Conceição Maria de Oliveira, and Cristine Vieira do Bonfim. "Death surveillance and contributions to an improved definition of the underlying cause of neonatal death." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 13 (October 22, 2021): e571101320391. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.20391.
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Objective: To analyze the improvement of the definition of the underlying cause of neonatal deaths before and after death surveillance in Recife, Pernambuco. Methods: A descriptive study that used data from medical certificates of death, confidential data sheets, summaries of investigations. The profiles and the relocation of the underlying cause of death were compared before and after the investigation through specific chapters and groups of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The agreement was analyzed using the Kappa index. Results: Of the total 144 deaths investigated, 95 (66.0%) had their underlying cause redefined. During the general analysis of the neonatal component, a reasonable agreement index was identified (0.311; CI95%: 0.272-0.350). All ill-defined causes were clarified after surveillance. There was an increment of the preventability potential for all neonatal deaths, with an emphasis on early deaths, which reached 100% causes registered as preventable. Conclusion: Death surveillance made it possible to improve the specificity of the underlying causes described in the medical certificate of death and may contribute to the reorientation of the strategies to reduce neonatal mortality from the perspective of preventability.
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Groenewald, P., N. Kallis, C. Holmgren, T. Glass, A. Anthony, P. Maud, Y. Akhalwaya, et al. "Further evidence of misclassification of the injury deaths in South Africa: When will the barriers to accurate injury death statistics be removed?" South African Medical Journal 113, no. 9 (September 4, 2023): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2023.v113i9.836.
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Background. Contrary to the World Health Organization’s internationally recommended medical certificate of cause of death, the South African (SA) death notification form (DNF) does not allow for the reporting of the manner of death to permit accurate coding of external causes of injury deaths. Objectives. To describe the injury cause-of-death profile from forensic pathology records collected for the National Cause-of-Death Validation (NCoDV) Project and compare it with profiles from other sources of injury mortality data. In particular, the recording of firearm use in homicides is compared between sources. Methods. The NCoDV Project was a cross-sectional study of deaths that occurred during a fixed period in 2017 and 2018, from a nationally representative sample of 27 health subdistricts in SA. Trained fieldworkers scanned forensic records for all deaths investigated at the forensic mortuaries serving the sampled subdistricts during the study period. Forensic practitioners reviewed the records and completed a medical certificate of cause of death for each decedent. Causes of death were coded to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), using Iris automated coding software. Cause-specific mortality fractions for injury deaths were compared with Injury Mortality Survey 2017 (IMS 2017) and Statistics South Africa 2017 (Stats SA 2017) datasets. The cause profile for all firearm-related deaths was compared between the three datasets. Results. A total of 5 315 records were available for analysis. Males accounted for 77.6% of cases, and most decedents were aged between 25 and 44 years. Homicide was the leading cause of death (34.7%), followed by transport injuries (32.6%) and suicide (14.7%). This injury cause profile was similar to IMS 2017 but differed markedly from the official statistics, which showed markedly lower proportions of these three causes (15.0%, 11.6% and 0.7%, respectively), and a much higher proportion of other unintentional causes. Investigation of firearm-related deaths revealed that most were homicides in NCoDV 2017/18 (88.5%) and IMS 2017 (93.1%), while in the Stats SA 2017 data, 98.7% of firearm deaths were classified as accidental. Approximately 7% of firearm-related deaths were suicides in NCoDV 2017/18 and IMS 2017, with only 0.3% in Stats SA 2017. Conclusion. The official cause-of-death data for injuries in SA in 2017 differed substantially from findings from the NCoDV 2017/18 study and IMS 2017. Accurate data sources would ensure that public health interventions are designed to reduce the high injury burden. Inclusion of the manner of death on the DNF, as is recommended internationally, is critically important to enable more accurate, reliable and valid reporting of the injury profile.
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Özcanlı Çay, Özlem, and Özlem Kemer Aycan. "Sudden infant death syndrome." Journal of Controversies in Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics 1, no. 3 (July 30, 2023): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51271/jcogp-0016.
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a type of sudden and unexpected infant death, a term that encompasses both deaths from SIDS and ultimately all unexpected infant deaths with a determined cause. 1 Between %27 and % 43 of 3500 sudden unexpected infant death cases in the USA annually are due to SIDS. 2, 3 A number of other terms are used in pediatrics to describe sudden and unexpected deaths. Sudden unexpected death of an infant can be used interchangeably with sudden unexpected infant death, and sudden death in youth (VAS) refers to such death in any child 19 years of age or younger. Sudden unexplained early neonatal death is limited to infants who die within the first week of life and is usually congenital. anomaly is caused. Sudden intrauterine unexpected death syndrome refers to stillbirths for which postmortem examination cannot identify a cause, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is unexpected death in a person with epilepsy (excluding trauma or suffocation) for which postmortem examination does not reveal an anatomical or toxicological cause.
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Payne, Amanda B., Nafisa Ghaji, Jason M. Mehal, Christina Chapman, Dana L. Haberling, Christine L. Kempton, Christopher J. Bean, John Michael Soucie, and William C. Hooper. "Mortality Trends and Causes of Death in Persons with Hemophilia in the United States, 1999-2014." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (December 7, 2017): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.755.755.
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Abstract Background: Hemophilia, an inherited bleeding disorder, is marked by increased risk of serious bleeding events. Prior to the development of factor concentrates, the most common cause of death among persons with hemophilia (PWH) in the United States (US) was related to bleeding events, and the median age at death was around 25 years (Chorba et al 1994). After the development of factor concentrates, the proportion of deaths caused by bleeding events declined, and the median age at death increased to 57 years (Chorba et al 1994). However, the HIV/AIDS epidemic led to a decrease in the median age at death, and HIV/AIDS became the leading cause of death among PWH (Chorba et al 2001). Development of effective treatment for and prevention of HIV/AIDS has improved outcomes among PWH (Soucie et al 2016); however, national mortality trends among PWH in the US have not been published since 2001. Methods: Hemophilia-related deaths were examined using the 1999-2014 US multiple cause-of-death mortality data. Hemophilia deaths were identified as deaths for which an International Classification of Disease 10th revision, (ICD-10) code for hemophilia (D66, D67) was listed anywhere on the death record. Age-specific annual and average annual hemophilia-related death rates were calculated as the number of deaths per 100,000 corresponding population, with the bridged-race intercensal estimates of the US resident population as the denominator. Underlying and contributing cause of death codes were categorized according to their ICD-10 codes into 22 groups relevant to hemophilia outcomes, including 'blood/coagulation/immune', 'acute cardiac disease', 'chronic cardiac disease', 'cerebrovascular disease', 'hemorrhage', and 'musculoskeletal disease'. To compare hemophilia-related deaths to non-hemophilia deaths, death records not listing an ICD-10 code for hemophilia were randomly selected in a 1:3 ratio; non-hemophilia deaths were matched to hemophilia deaths by race, age group, and year of death. Results: From 1999-2014 there were 2,354 hemophilia-related deaths reported in the US. The hemophilia-related death rate decreased from 0.15 hemophilia-related deaths per 100,000 population to 0.08 hemophilia-related deaths per 100,000 population (rate ratio 0.57 [95% confidence interval 0.46-0.71]). The median age at death increased from 49 years in 1999 to 63 years in 2014. The distribution of underlying and contributing cause of death associated with hemophilia-related deaths reflects an aging population. During the first time period (1999-2002) HIV was most commonly listed as an underlying or contributing cause of death , while chronic cardiac complications was most commonly listed as the underlying or contributing cause of death during the last time period (2011-2014) (Figure 1). The underlying and contributing cause of death listed among hemophilia-related deaths also differed by age group (Figure 2). The most common underlying or contributing cause of death among deaths occurring at <20 years of age was intracranial hemorrhage. The most common underlying or contributing causes of death among deaths occurring between 20 and 69 years of age were HIV and/or hepatitis. The most common underlying or contributing cause of death among deaths occurring at 70+ years of age was chronic cardiac complications. Compared to non-hemophilia-related deaths, deaths related to hemophilia were more likely to be related to HIV, hepatitis, hemorrhage, and intracranial hemorrhage. Interestingly, hemophilia-related deaths were less likely to be related to cardiac complications and cancer than non-hemophilia-related deaths (Figure 3). Conclusions: This report highlights the continued success of interventions to decrease death among PWH. However, this report also highlights possible areas of future research in hemophilia, including monitoring trends in morbidities related to aging, such as cardiac disease and comorbidities due to chronic hepatitis infection. Disclosures Kempton: Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Sharma, Anuj Kumar, Radha Rastogi, Archana Bamaniya, Sumeet Ranjan Tripathy, Balveer Jakhar, and Kalpesh Patel. "Using the new ICD-MM classification system for attribution of cause of maternal death: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222311.
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Background: Sustainable development goal 3 includes an ambitious target of reducing the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 births by 2030. Understanding the causes of and factors contributing to maternal deaths is critically important for development of interventions that reduce the global burden of maternal mortality and morbidity. The International classification of diseases-maternal mortality has proven to be easily applicable and helps clarify the cause of maternal death. Methods: Retrospective study of 100 maternal death cases was done in a tertiary medical centre of Rajasthan from December 2020 to November 2021 for determining the causes of maternal death and their classification according to ICD-MM. Results: A total of 100 maternal mortality cases were analyzed in this study for causes of death. Classification of causes of death according to WHO ICD-MM is represented in study results. Direct causes of maternal deaths were observed in 82 % cases whereas indirect causes were present in remaining 18%. Hypertensive disorders (29%), obstetric haemorrhage (27%) and pregnancy related infection (12%) constituted the major groups of direct cause of maternal deaths whereas systemic infections were the most common indirect cause (15%). During the study period, COVID-19 was attributable to 12 cases of maternal death.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders (29%), obstetric haemorrhage (27%) and pregnancy related infection (12%) were the major causes of direct obstetric death and systemic infections (15%) was the most common cause of indirect obstetric death. All of these causes are preventable with targeted interventions.
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Zangana, Aso H., and Haitham I. Bahoo Al – Banna. "Trend of deaths due to circulatory system in Erbil City between 2007 to 2011." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 58, no. 4 (January 3, 2016): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.584286.
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Background: Circulatory diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world which continue to rise despite preventive measures.Objective: To determine gender, age and cause specific trends of mortality due to circulatory diseases between 2007 and 2011 in Erbil city.Methods: A review of registered death records from disease of circulatory system was performed at the statistical unit in Directorate of Health in Erbil city. No special codes for the cause of death were available on death certificate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 19Results: Diseases of circulatory system was responsible for 25.5% of total deaths during the study period. Highest rates were recorded at 2011 with 74 deaths per100000 population. After 2009, circulatory mortality increased sharply to be the first cause of death till 2011, Stroke, Ischemic heart diseases (IHD), cardiac arrest and heart failure were the main cause of deaths. Most of deaths occur in age group of 65-74 years. Ischemic heart diseases was the main cause of death in male (31.5%) while stroke in female (34.5%) which were statistically significantConclusion: Circulatory mortality was the second leading cause of death in Erbil city till the year 2009 where it started to increase to be the first cause till 2011. Future preventive public health strategies for circulatory diseases prevention are mandatory.