Relevant bibliographies by topics / Causality diagram

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Causality diagram'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Causality diagram"

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Zhou, Zu Xu. "Research on the Preventive Measures of Sports Injury Based on Causality Diagram and Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 1838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.1838.

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Because of the frequent occurrence of injury accident in the sports curriculum, the security of physical education cannot be ignored. So, this paper analyzes the factors of injury accident in physical education teaching process and proposes prevention measures. The establishment of security system in physical education is an urgent problem. This paper studies the causes and countermeasures of sports injury accidents based on two methods: causality diagram and analytic hierarchy process. The first section introduces the principles of causality diagram and hierarchical analysis in detail. The second part of the article establishes mathematical model of the analysis method. The part three of the text investigates and analyzes the accident status and prevention measures of 100 primary schools and universities in Heilongjiang province in the form of literature researches and questionnaires. It also proposes weight coefficients and causality diagrams of Sports Injury Accidents using causal analysis theory. It converts causal diagram into a hierarchical model using the analytic hierarchy process AHP.
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Wu, Bing, Luyao Kou, and Qi Ma. "Research on HFACS Based on Accident Causality Diagram." Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology 07, no. 02 (2017): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2017.72007.

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Wang, Hongchun. "A Fuzzy Reasoning Algorithm in Hybrid Causality Diagram." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 6, no. 4 (December 2012): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1748-3018.6.4.623.

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Mahardhika, Galih S., Inggis Raka Achmad, and Kusuma Hani Putri. "Causality Analysis between ESG Performance and Financing Support." Journal of Business and Political Economy : Biannual Review of The Indonesian Economy 3, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.46851/130.

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Recent global trends in electric vehicles (EV) triggered Indonesia to participate in battery industry development. Rich in geological resources, the government promotes various capital-intensive industries that process raw mining commodities, particularly limonite nickel ore, to support the EV industry in Indonesia. Inarguably, financial support is needed from various financial institutions and investors. On the contrary, the mining industry is closely related to environmental issues that attract the attention of financial institutions and investors. Therefore, understanding the relationship between “sustainability” and “financing activity” is essential, as it may not only practically guide the business to re-examine their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives but also extend the literature review on these matters. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the system through the Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) formed by ESG factors related to the financing process in mining companies in Indonesia. The research method used in this paper is developing causal loop diagrams from primary data and literature reviews. The CLD is constructed through a literature review and confirmed by an expert from the mining company. The result explains the causal loop between sustainability and financing. Improving ESG performance will increase financial support from global investors and financial institutions. To support practice and concept sustainability in Indonesia, the government should encourage mining companies to increase local partnerships and CSR Allocation as it will support the company's financing activity and trigger community improvement. Creating a supporting environment to attract global investors to finance the mining company in Indonesia is also necessary. Keywords: Causal Loop Diagram, ESG Performance, Financial Performance, Mining Industry, Sustainability JEL : M14, Q01, G32
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Zhang, Chun You, and Xiao Qiang Wu. "Intrusion Scenario Dynamic Correlation Algorithm Based on Single Value Causality Diagram." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3063.

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In order to obtain the effective network intrusion alarm information, and reveal the intention of attackers, an intrusion scenario dynamic correlation algorithm is proposed based on single value causality diagram. According to the composition principle of single value causality diagram, the key factors of the cause and effect diagram are defined. By relating the alarm information of intrusion detection system, attack scenarios are constructed based on cause and effect diagram, and dynamic correction is conduct. Based on the MIT Lincoln laboratory data sets, the correlation test is done using the above attack scenario correlation algorithm. Test results show that the reconstruction of attack scenarios and actual condition have very good consistency, proving that the proposed correlation algorithm can correctly reflect the real hacker intrusion process. The research of this paper provides effective help for the security administrator to implement effective management measures.
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Yang, Shu Xia, and Qi Han. "System Dynamics Model about the Mode of Energy Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 1406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.1406.

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With the rapidly growing economy, the energy demand increases greatly. Due to energy distribution imbalance in the space, part of the areas lack of energy resources, relying on energy call to ensure energy security. In this paper, first of all, we put forward the steps of comparatively studying different modes of energy transmission with system dynamics model and carry out a causal analysis. Then we analyze the causality among model variables. Finally, we draft a causality diagram of model elements. Based on this, we establish quantitative relations among variables and draft a system flow diagram.
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Jin, Feng, Jun Zhao, Chunyang Sheng, and Wei Wang. "Causality diagram-based scheduling approach for blast furnace gas system." IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 5, no. 2 (March 2018): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jas.2017.7510715.

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Mahadevan, Sridhar. "Universal Causality." Entropy 25, no. 4 (March 27, 2023): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25040574.

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Universal Causality is a mathematical framework based on higher-order category theory, which generalizes previous approaches based on directed graphs and regular categories. We present a hierarchical framework called UCLA (Universal Causality Layered Architecture), where at the top-most level, causal interventions are modeled as a higher-order category over simplicial sets and objects. Simplicial sets are contravariant functors from the category of ordinal numbers Δ into sets, and whose morphisms are order-preserving injections and surjections over finite ordered sets. Non-random interventions on causal structures are modeled as face operators that map n-simplices into lower-level simplices. At the second layer, causal models are defined as a category, for example defining the schema of a relational causal model or a symmetric monoidal category representation of DAG models. The third layer corresponds to the data layer in causal inference, where each causal object is mapped functorially into a set of instances using the category of sets and functions between sets. The fourth homotopy layer defines ways of abstractly characterizing causal models in terms of homotopy colimits, defined in terms of the nerve of a category, a functor that converts a causal (category) model into a simplicial object. Each functor between layers is characterized by a universal arrow, which define universal elements and representations through the Yoneda Lemma, and induces a Grothendieck category of elements that enables combining formal causal models with data instances, and is related to the notion of ground graphs in relational causal models. Causal inference between layers is defined as a lifting problem, a commutative diagram whose objects are categories, and whose morphisms are functors that are characterized as different types of fibrations. We illustrate UCLA using a variety of representations, including causal relational models, symmetric monoidal categorical variants of DAG models, and non-graphical representations, such as integer-valued multisets and separoids, and measure-theoretic and topological models.
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Meng, Fan Jun, Li Hong Liu, Yun He Zhang, Fei He, Yi He, Jun Gao, Ying Yu, and Hui Jun Chao. "Analysis Methods of QC Group Activity." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.265.

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This article analysis QC group activity common method, including permutation diagram, causality diagram, countermeasure table, and discussion methods---brainstorming method. It grasp the design process and the actual value, point out the direction and laid a solid foundation for work of QC group activities in the enterprise effectively. It also create broad platform for innovation of enterprise product quality and increase of team cohesion.
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Guan, Jing, Boyang Liu, and Wenxin Shen. "Development of an Evaluation System for Intelligent Construction Using System Dynamics Modeling." Buildings 14, no. 6 (May 21, 2024): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061489.

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Under the new wave of scientific and technological revolution, the construction industry finds itself with a critical need to alter the traditional and outdated production mode through technological innovation in order to realize industry transformation and move towards a new era characterized by digitalization, informatization, and intelligence. As intelligent construction is the indispensable pathway for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry, it is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on its evaluation indicators and causality. This paper adopts the system dynamics method, based on the overall structure of intelligent construction, extracts the causality chain and causal feedback loop of intelligent construction, and presents a causality diagram and system dynamics diagram to build a robust system dynamics model for intelligent construction. On this basis, an evaluation index system for intelligent construction is constructed from the five dimensions—investment, design, construction, operation, and environment—for a holistic assessment of the current state of intelligent construction. The research aims to provide a valuable reference for professionals focusing on intelligent construction and the broader development of the industry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Causality diagram"

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Laurenti, Rafael. "The Karma of Products : Exploring the Causality of Environmental Pressure with Causal Loop Diagram and Environmental Footprint." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184223.

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Environmental pressures from consumer products and mechanisms of predetermination were examined in this thesis using causal loop diagram (CLD) and life cycle assessment (LCA) footprinting to respectively illustrate and provide some indicators about these mechanisms. Theoretical arguments and their practical implications were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis, using secondary and primary data. A study integrating theories from various research fields indicated that combining product-service system offerings and environmental policy instruments can be a salient aspect of the system change required for decoupling economic growth from consumption and environmental impacts. In a related study, modes of system behaviour identified were related to some pervasive sustainability challenges to the design of electronic products. This showed that because of consumption and investment dynamics, directing consumers to buy more expensive products in order to restrict their availability of money and avoid increased consumption will not necessarily decrease the total negative burden of consumption. In a study examining product systems, those of washing machines and passenger cars were modelled to identify variables causing environmental impacts through feedback loops, but left outside the scope of LCA studies. These variables can be considered in LCAs through scenario and sensitivity analysis. The carbon, water and energy footprint of leather processing technologies was measured in a study on 12 tanneries in seven countries, for which collection of primary data (even with narrow systems boundaries) proved to be very challenging. Moreover, there were wide variations in the primary data from different tanneries, demonstrating that secondary data should be used with caution in LCA of leather products. A study examining pre-consumer waste developed a footprint metric capable of improving knowledge and awareness among producers and consumers about the total waste generated in the course of producing products. The metric was tested on 10 generic consumer goods and showed that quantities, types and sources of waste generation can differ quite radically between product groups. This revealed a need for standardised ways to convey the environmental and scale of significance of waste types and for an international standard procedure for quantification and communication of product waste footprint. Finally, a planning framework was developed to facilitate inclusion of unintended environmental consequences when devising improvement actions. The results as a whole illustrate the quality and relevance of CLD; the problems with using secondary data in LCA studies; difficulties in acquiring primary data; a need for improved waste declaration in LCA and a standardised procedure for calculation and communication of the waste footprint of products; and systems change opportunities for product engineers, designers and policy makers.

Jury committee

Henrikke Baumann, Associate Professor

Chalmers University of Technology

Department of Energy and Environment

Division of Environmental System Analysis

Joakim Krook, Associate Professor

Linköpings Universitet

Department of Management and Engineering (IEI) / Environmental Technology and Management (MILJÖ)

Karl Johan Bonnedal, Associate Professor

Umeå University

Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE)

Sofia Ritzén, Professor

KTH Royal Institute of Technology

School of Industrial Engineering and Management

Department of Machine Design

Integrated Product Development

QC 20160405

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Ben, Taleb Romain. "Modélisation et optimisation des actifs pour l'aide à la prise de décision stratégique dans les entreprises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0001.

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Les outils et méthodes d'aide à la décision stratégique, notamment utilisés dans les PME, font face à plusieurs limites. On note qu'ils sont essentiellement déterministes, basés sur des données passées, et sont cadrés par une approche quasi exclusivement comptable et financière. Pourtant, les décisions stratégiques en entreprise sont des activités tournées vers le futur, fortement soumis à incertitude qui visent à maximiser la valeur générée de l'entreprise qu'elle soit financière ou non. Dans ce contexte, la question de recherche adressée dans cette thèse est comment aider les dirigeants d'entreprise à prendre des décisions stratégiques prospectives dans un contexte soumis à une incertitude ? En termes de contributions, nous proposons d'abord un cadre conceptuel basé sur méta-modèle qui permet de représenter une entreprise selon une logique d'actifs et de valeur. Cette modélisation est ensuite enrichie d'un diagramme de causalité qui établit la dynamique existante entre les actifs permettant de créer de la valeur. Pour illustrer l'applicabilité de ce cadre conceptuel, on propose une approche par plan d'expériences basée sur un modèle de simulation d'une part, et un modèle d'optimisation en Programmation Mixte en Nombres Entiers d'autre part. Un ensemble d'expérimentations permet de valider la pertinence de la proposition et notamment d'identifier les conséquences des décisions prises sur chaque actif en matière de valeur générée pour l'entreprise
The tools and methods used to assist in strategic decision-making, particularly in SMEs, face several limitations. It is observed that they are primarily deterministic, based on past data, and are framed by an approach that is almost exclusively accounting and financial. However, strategic decisions in a company are activities aimed towards the future, highly subject to uncertainty, which aim to maximize the generated value of the company, whether it is financial or not. In this context, the research question addressed in this thesis is how to assist business leaders in making prospective strategic decisions in a context subject to uncertainty ? In terms of contributions, we first propose a conceptual framework based on a meta-model that allows representing a company according to a logic of assets and value. This modeling is then enriched with a causality diagram that establishes the existing dynamics between the assets that create value. To illustrate the applicability of this conceptual framework, an approach is proposed using experimental design based on a simulation model on one hand, and an optimization model in Mixed Integer Programming on the other hand. A set of experiments validates the relevance of the proposal, notably identifying the consequences of the decisions made on each asset in terms of generated value for the company
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Ziebart, Brian D. "Modeling Purposeful Adaptive Behavior with the Principle of Maximum Causal Entropy." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2010. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/17.

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Predicting human behavior from a small amount of training examples is a challenging machine learning problem. In this thesis, we introduce the principle of maximum causal entropy, a general technique for applying information theory to decision-theoretic, game-theoretic, and control settings where relevant information is sequentially revealed over time. This approach guarantees decision-theoretic performance by matching purposeful measures of behavior (Abbeel & Ng, 2004), and/or enforces game-theoretic rationality constraints (Aumann, 1974), while otherwise being as uncertain as possible, which minimizes worst-case predictive log-loss (Gr¨unwald & Dawid, 2003). We derive probabilistic models for decision, control, and multi-player game settings using this approach. We then develop corresponding algorithms for efficient inference that include relaxations of the Bellman equation (Bellman, 1957), and simple learning algorithms based on convex optimization. We apply the models and algorithms to a number of behavior prediction tasks. Specifically, we present empirical evaluations of the approach in the domains of vehicle route preference modeling using over 100,000 miles of collected taxi driving data, pedestrian motion modeling from weeks of indoor movement data, and robust prediction of game play in stochastic multi-player games.
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McLucas, Alan Charles Civil Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "An investigation into the integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques for addressing systemic complexity in the context of organisational strategic decision-making." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Civil Engineering, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38744.

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System dynamics modelling has been used for around 40 years to address complex, systemic, dynamic problems, those often described as wicked. But, system dynamics modelling is not an exact science and arguments about the most suitable techniques to use in which circumstances, continues. The nature of these wicked problems is investigated through a series of case studies where poor situational awareness among stakeholders was identified. This was found to be an underlying cause for management failure, suggesting need for better ways of recognising and managing wicked problem situations. Human cognition is considered both as a limitation and enabler to decision-making in wicked problem environments. Naturalistic and deliberate decision-making are reviewed. The thesis identifies the need for integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Case study results and a review of the literature led to identification of a set of principles of method to be applied in an integrated framework, the aim being to develop an improved way of addressing wicked problems. These principles were applied to a series of cases in an action research setting. However, organisational and political barriers were encountered. This limited the exploitation and investigation of cases to varying degrees. In response to a need identified in the literature review and the case studies, a tool is designed to facilitate analysis of multi-factorial, non-linear causality. This unique tool and its use to assist in problem conceptualisation, and as an aid to testing alternate strategies, are demonstrated. Further investigation is needed in relation to the veracity of combining causal influences using this tool and system dynamics, broadly. System dynamics modelling was found to have utility needed to support analysis of wicked problems. However, failure in a particular modelling project occurred when it was found necessary to rely on human judgement in estimating values to be input into the models. This was found to be problematic and unacceptably risky for sponsors of the modelling effort. Finally, this work has also identified that further study is required into: the use of human judgement in decision-making and the validity of system dynamics models that rely on the quantification of human judgement.
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Books on the topic "Causality diagram"

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Coecke, Bob, and Aleks Kissinger. Categorical Quantum Mechanics I: Causal Quantum Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0012.

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We derive the category-theoretic backbone of quantum theory from a process ontology. More specifically, we treat quantum theory as a theory of systems, processes, and their interactions. We first present a general theory of diagrams, and in particular, of string diagrams, and discuss why diagrams are a very natural starting point for developing scientific theories. Then we define process theories, and define a very general notion of quantum type. We show how our process ontology enables us to assert causality, that is, compatibility of quantum theory and relativity theory, prove the no-signalling theorem, provide a new elegant derivation of the no-broadcasting theorem, unitarity of evolution, and Stinespring dilation, all for any `quantum' type in a general class of process theories.
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Chruściel, Piotr T. Geometry of Black Holes. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855415.001.0001.

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There exists a large scientific literature on black holes, including many excellent textbooks of various levels of difficulty. However, most of these prefer physical intuition to mathematical rigour. The object of this book is to fill this gap and present a detailed, mathematically oriented, extended introduction to the subject. The first part of the book starts with a presentation, in Chapter 1, of some basic facts about Lorentzian manifolds. Chapter 2 develops those elements of Lorentzian causality theory which are key to the understanding of black-hole spacetimes. We present some applications of the causality theory in Chapter 3, as relevant for the study of black holes. Chapter 4, which opens the second part of the book, constitutes an introduction to the theory of black holes, including a review of experimental evidence, a presentation of the basic notions, and a study of the flagship black holes: the Schwarzschild, Reissner–Nordström, Kerr, and Majumdar–Papapetrou solutions of the Einstein, or Einstein–Maxwell, equations. Chapter 5 presents some further important solutions: the Kerr–Newman–(anti-)de Sitter black holes, the Emperan–Reall black rings, the Kaluza–Klein solutions of Rasheed, and the Birmingham family of metrics. Chapters 6 and 7 present the construction of conformal and projective diagrams, which play a key role in understanding the global structure of spacetimes obtained by piecing together metrics which, initially, are expressed in local coordinates. Chapter 8 presents an overview of known dynamical black-hole solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations.
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Book chapters on the topic "Causality diagram"

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Fan, Xinghua, Feng Hu, and Simon X. Yang. "A Fault Diagnosis Prototype System Based on Causality Diagram." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 589–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37275-2_71.

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Lury, Celia, William Viney, and Scott Wark. "Introduction: Figure, Figuring and Configuration." In Figure, 1–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2476-7_1.

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AbstractThis introduction will outline the concept and practice of “figure” and “figuration.” The word “figure” can refer to numbers, characters in text or representations of persons or other entities in images or to a movement or series of movements, a diagram or a short succession of notes. In uses such as prefiguring, configuring, and disfiguring, it can refer to a process, opening questions of ordering, causality, premonition, (retrospective) fulfilment, prophecy, anticipation, redemption and pre-emption. As a noun, configuration can refer to an assemblage or the ways in which technologies materialise cultural imaginaries. Figures sit between the representational and the abstract; they can be inhabited and, in being inhabited, can be turned. We conclude by inviting readers to “go figure!”
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Cerny, E., B. Berkane, P. Girodias, and K. Khordoc. "Consistency, Causality and Compatibility." In Hierarchical Annotated Action Diagrams, 69–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5615-2_5.

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Sibertin-Blanc, Christophe, Omar Tahir, and Janette Cardoso. "Interpretation of UML Sequence Diagrams as Causality Flows." In Advanced Distributed Systems, 126–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11533962_12.

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Kriz, Sarah. "Understanding Simultaneity and Causality in Static Diagrams versus Animation." In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, 338–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46037-3_32.

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Simon, Steven H. "Planar Diagrams." In Topological Quantum, 151–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198886723.003.0012.

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Abstract We return to study planar diagram algebras as in chapters 8 and 9, but now more formally. We define diagrams as being operators that can be "stacked" on top of each other. We pay particular attention to properties of diagrams such as completeness of states and orthonormality of basis vectors, and we again review the use of F-matrices for change of basis. We discuss the implications of causality for these diagrams, and to what extent diagrams can be deformed in the plane. We give explicit detailed rules for evaluating planar diagrams.
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Steane, Andrew M. "Black holes." In Relativity Made Relatively Easy Volume 2, 274–300. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895646.003.0020.

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We discuss event horizons and black holes. First Birkhoff’s theorem is derived, and we consider the general nature of spherically symmetric spaces. Then the concepts of null surface, Killing horizon and event horizon are defined and related to one another. Cosmic censorship is briefly discussed. The Schwarzshild horizon is discussed in detail. The divergence or otherwise of redshift, acceleration, speed and proper time is obtained for infalling observers and for Schwarzschild observers. Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates are introduced and used to discuss gravitational collapse. The growth of the horizon is noted, and the causality structure is briefly considered via an introduction to the conformal (Penrose-Carter) diagram. The maximal extension is then presented, with the Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates and associated diagram. Wormholes are briefly discussed. The chapter finishes with a survey of astronomical evidence for black holes.
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Pappas, Takis S. "What Causes Populism?" In Populism and Liberal Democracy, 79–130. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837886.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 is largely about the essentials of populism—its nuts and bolts, so to speak, that are absolutely necessary to facilitate its emergence—including notions of the people, political leadership, and symbolic discourse. The chapter introduces a fine distinction of three different subtypes of “the people,” each with their own characteristics and political mindset, going beyond easy generalizations about alleged uniformity. A comparative analysis of populist leaders follows, which, based on an original reconceptualization of political charisma, demonstrates a surprisingly high correlation between extraordinary leadership and populist success. Ordinary people and extraordinary populist leaders forge their relationship through specific narratives that are based largely on individual fears and deeply held social resentment. The last section in the chapter models the causality of populism, which is also presented as a concise diagram.
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Chruściel, Piotr T. "Projection diagrams." In Geometry of Black Holes, 280–311. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855415.003.0007.

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In this chapter we show that one can usefully represent classes of non-spherically symmetric geometries in terms of two-dimensional diagrams, called projection diagrams, using an auxiliary two-dimensional metric constructed out of the spacetime metric. Whenever such a construction can be carried out, the issues such as stable causality, global hyperbolicity, the existence of event or Cauchy horizons, the causal nature of boundaries, and the existence of conformally smooth infinities become evident by inspection of the diagrams.
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Chruściel, Piotr T. "Extensions, conformal diagrams." In Geometry of Black Holes, 259–79. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855415.003.0006.

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In this chapter we present a systematic approach to extensions of spacetimes, as needed to construct black-hole spacetimes. On the way we introduce the conformal diagrams, which are a useful tool for visualizing the geometry of the extensions. We focus on extensions of metrics containing a two-by-two stationary Lorentzian block.We discuss causality for such metrics in Section 6.1; the possible building blocs are described in Section 6.2; these building blocs are put together in Section 6.3. The general rules governing the construction are explained in Section 6.4, with the causal aspects of the construction highlighted in the short Section 6.5. The method is applied to those Birmingham metrics which have not been analysed previously in Section 6.6.
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Conference papers on the topic "Causality diagram"

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Hongchun, Wang. "Update Parameters Dynamic in Causality Diagram." In 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications (IFITA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifita.2009.67.

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Shi, Qingsi, and Xinyuan Liang. "Dynamic Causality Diagram in Fault Diagnosis." In 2009 International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization, CSO. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cso.2009.325.

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Xinyuan Liang. "Causality Diagram using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers." In 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1712812.

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Shi Qingxi, Liang Xinyuan, and Zhang Qin. "Causality diagram using normal fuzzy numbers." In 2005 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/grc.2005.1547271.

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Hongchun Wang, Qingxi Shi, and Qin Zhang. "Fuzzy reasoning in continuous causality diagram." In Proceedings of International Conference on Information Acquisition. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icia.2004.1373318.

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Guo Li, Jianmin Gao, and Fumin Chen. "Construction of causality diagram model for diagnostics." In 2008 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rams.2008.4925777.

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Liang, Xinyuan. "Matrix iterative reasoning method of causality diagram." In International conference on Management Innovation and Information Technology. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/miit130421.

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Liang Xinyuan, Shi Qingxi, and Zhang Qin. "Correspondence between causality diagram and neural networks." In 2005 IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/grc.2005.1547263.

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Shi, Qingxi, and Jianguo Liu. "Dynamic Causality Diagram in Vehicular Engine's Fault Diagnosis." In 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcis.2009.304.

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Xinyuan Liang and Qingxi Shi. "Reasoning of fuzzy Causality Diagram with interval probability." In 2008 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2008.4670925.

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