Academic literature on the topic 'Causal profiling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Causal profiling"
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Pourghassemi, Behnam, Ardalan Amiri Sani, and Aparna Chandramowlishwaran. "Only Relative Speed Matters." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 48, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3453953.3453979.
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Causal profiling is a novel and powerful profiling technique that quantifies the potential impact of optimizing a code segment on the program runtime. A key application of causal profiling is to analyze what-if scenarios which typically require a large number of experiments. Besides, the execution of a program highly depends on the underlying machine resources, e.g., CPU, network, storage, so profiling results on one device does not translate directly to another. This is a major bottleneck in our ability to perform scalable performance analysis and greatly limits cross-platform software development. In this paper, we address the above challenges by leveraging a unique property of causal profiling: only relative performance of different resources affects the result of causal profiling, not their absolute performance. We first analytically model and prove causal profiling, the missing piece in the seminal paper. Then, we assert the necessary condition to achieve virtual causal profiling on a secondary device. Building upon the theory, we design VCoz, a virtual causal profiler that enables profiling applications on target devices using measurements on the host device. We implement a prototype of VCoz by tuning multiple hardware components to preserve the relative execution speeds of code segments. Our experiments on benchmarks that stress different system resources demonstrate that VCoz can generate causal profiling reports of Nexus 6P (an ARM-based device) on a host MacBook (x86 architecture) with less than 16% variance.
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Hill, Steven M., Nicole K. Nesser, Katie Johnson-Camacho, Mara Jeffress, Aimee Johnson, Chris Boniface, Simon E. F. Spencer, et al. "Context Specificity in Causal Signaling Networks Revealed by Phosphoprotein Profiling." Cell Systems 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2016.11.013.
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Gupta, Saumya, Aparna Radhakrishnan, Pandu Raharja-Liu, Gen Lin, Lars M. Steinmetz, Julien Gagneur, and Himanshu Sinha. "Temporal Expression Profiling Identifies Pathways Mediating Effect of Causal Variant on Phenotype." PLOS Genetics 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2015): e1005195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005195.
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Gutteridge, Alex, J. Michael Rukstalis, Daniel Ziemek, Mark Tié, Lin Ji, Rebeca Ramos-Zayas, Nancy A. Nardone, et al. "Novel Pancreatic Endocrine Maturation Pathways Identified by Genomic Profiling and Causal Reasoning." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 13, 2013): e56024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056024.
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Pourghassemi, Behnam, Ardalan Amiri Sani, and Aparna Chandramowlishwaran. "What-If Analysis of Page Load Time in Web Browsers Using Causal Profiling." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 3, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341617.3326142.
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Pourghassemi, Behnam, Ardalan Amiri Sani, and Aparna Chandramowlishwaran. "What-If Analysis of Page Load Time in Web Browsers Using Causal Profiling." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 47, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3376930.3376986.
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Rubin, Adam J., Kevin R. Parker, Ansuman T. Satpathy, Yanyan Qi, Beijing Wu, Alvin J. Ong, Maxwell R. Mumbach, et al. "Coupled Single-Cell CRISPR Screening and Epigenomic Profiling Reveals Causal Gene Regulatory Networks." Cell 176, no. 1-2 (January 2019): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.022.
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Khademi, Aria, and Vasant Honavar. "Algorithmic Bias in Recidivism Prediction: A Causal Perspective (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 10 (April 3, 2020): 13839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i10.7192.
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ProPublica's analysis of recidivism predictions produced by Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS) software tool for the task, has shown that the predictions were racially biased against African American defendants. We analyze the COMPAS data using a causal reformulation of the underlying algorithmic fairness problem. Specifically, we assess whether COMPAS exhibits racial bias against African American defendants using FACT, a recently introduced causality grounded measure of algorithmic fairness. We use the Neyman-Rubin potential outcomes framework for causal inference from observational data to estimate FACT from COMPAS data. Our analysis offers strong evidence that COMPAS exhibits racial bias against African American defendants. We further show that the FACT estimates from COMPAS data are robust in the presence of unmeasured confounding.
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Li, Weilong, Jan Baumbach, Martin J. Larsen, Afsaneh Mohammadnejad, Jesper Lund, Kaare Christensen, Lene Christiansen, and Qihua Tan. "Differential long noncoding RNA profiling of BMI in twins." Epigenomics 12, no. 17 (September 2020): 1531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2020-0033.
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Aim: Many efforts have been deployed to identify genetic variants associated with BMI. Alternatively, we explore epigenetic contribution to BMI variation by focusing on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which represents a key layer of epigenetic control. Materials & methods: We analyzed lncRNA expression in whole blood of 229 monozygotic twin pairs in association with BMI using generalized estimating equations. Results & conclusion: Six lncRNA probes were identified as significant (false discovery rate <0.05), with BMI showing causal effects on the expression of the significant lncRNAs. Functional annotation of differential profiles identified Gene ontology biological processes including kidney development, regulations of lipid biosynthetic process, circadian rhythm, notch signaling, etc. Whole blood lncRNAs are significantly expressed in response to BMI variation.
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Legrand, Carine, and Francesca Tuorto. "RiboVIEW: a computational framework for visualization, quality control and statistical analysis of ribosome profiling data." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): e7-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1074.
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Abstract Recently, newly developed ribosome profiling methods based on high-throughput sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA footprints allow to study genome-wide translational changes in detail. However, computational analysis of the sequencing data still represents a bottleneck for many laboratories. Further, specific pipelines for quality control and statistical analysis of ribosome profiling data, providing high levels of both accuracy and confidence, are currently lacking. In this study, we describe automated bioinformatic and statistical diagnoses to perform robust quality control of ribosome profiling data (RiboQC), to efficiently visualize ribosome positions and to estimate ribosome speed (RiboMine) in an unbiased way. We present an R pipeline to setup and undertake the analyses that offers the user an HTML page to scan own data regarding the following aspects: periodicity, ligation and digestion of footprints; reproducibility and batch effects of replicates; drug-related artifacts; unbiased codon enrichment including variability between mRNAs, for A, P and E sites; mining of some causal or confounding factors. We expect our pipeline to allow an optimal use of the wealth of information provided by ribosome profiling experiments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Causal profiling"
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Wortmann, Peter Moritz. "Profiling optimised Haskell : causal analysis and implementation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8321/.
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At the present time, performance optimisation of real-life Haskell programs is a bit of a “black art”. Programmers that can do so reliably are highly esteemed, doubly so if they manage to do it without sacrificing the character of the language by falling back to an “imperative style”. The reason is that while programming at a high-level does not need to result in slow performance, it must rely on a delicate mix of optimisations and transformations to work out just right. Predicting how all these cogs will turn is hard enough – but where something goes wrong, the various transformations will have mangled the program to the point where even finding the crucial locations in the code can become a game of cat-and-mouse. In this work we will lift the veil on the performance of heavily transformed Haskell programs: Using a formal causality analysis we will track source code links from square one, and maintain the connection all the way to the final costs generated by the program. This will allow us to implement a profiling solution that can measure performance at high accuracy while explaining in detail how we got to the point in question. Furthermore, we will directly support the performance analysis process by developing an interactive profiling user interface that allows rapid theory forming and evaluation, as well as deep analysis where required.
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Liščinský, Matúš. "Výkonnostní analýza programů založená na vkládání šumu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445575.
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Táto práca predstavuje nástroj Perun-Blower, využívajúci perfblowing techniku: vkladanie šumu do funkcií testovaného programu a nasledovné vyhodnotenie vplyvu šumu na výkon programu na základe zozbieraných časových údajov týchto funkcií z behu programu. Implementácia je postavená na dynamickej binárnej inštrumentácii nástroja Pin. Zameriavame sa na hľadanie funkcií, ktoré majú vysoký vplyv na výkon a rovnako tak aj odhad potenciálneho zrýchlenia behu vlákna pri optimalizácii konkrétnej funkcie. Naviac sme rozšírili existujúci Trace collector používaný v nástroji Perun na zbieranie časových dát funkcií, o nový tzv. engine, ktorý je založený práve na nástroji Pin. Funkčnosť implementácie sme otestovali na dvoch netriviálnych projektoch, kde sme dokázali nájsť funkcie (1) so značným vplyvom na výkon, (2) s najvýznamnejším optimalizačným prínosom a (3) funkcie, ktorých degradácia spôsobí, že vykonávanie programu sa neskončí ani po niekoľkých hodinách.
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Leith, David. "Metabolic and lifestyle profiling of overweight female runners compared to lean counterparts: exploring the implications and causes of their elevated body weight." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22715.
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There appears to be an emerging phenotype of recreational runners who are overweight despite being regularly active. This conflicts with the common perception that exercise protects against weight-gain, and it may be caused by underlying insulin-resistance. Alternatively, recent research has brought attention to metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals, who have increased adiposity but no commonly associated metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin-resistance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether overweight (OW, BMI ≥ 25 kg.m⁻²) female runners were at risk of developing metabolic pathology and compare the findings to lean (LN, BMI < 23 kg.m⁻²) counterparts. A secondary aim was to explore potential inherent or lifestyle factors that may have predisposed or contributed to weight-gain in OW runners. METHODS. Twenty (10 OW, 10 LN) female recreational runners (years of running experience 7.1 ± 4.4 OW; 8.0 ± 3.7 LN) matched for mean age (38.7 ± 4.6 OW; 37.7 ± 4.3 LN), current mileage in km.week⁻¹ (42.0 ± 10.9 OW; 44.5 ± 12.1 LN) and running calibre expressed as energy expenditure (kcal.min⁻¹) in their most recent half-marathon (9.0 ± 1.1 OW; 9.2 ± 1.1 LN) were recruited for this study. Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined using DXA. Participants completed questionnaires about health history, lifestyle and eating habits and validated questionnaires concerning recent sleep and stress. Their diet was recorded using 3-day diet records and analysed using the South African Food Data System (Medical Research Council of South Africa). Habitual sleep and physical activity were quantified using 7-day actigraphy (Actiwatch 2) and accelerometry (Actigraph GTX3+) respectively. Blood pressure and resting metabolic rate were measured after an overnight fast. Blood samples were analysed for cardio-metabolic parameters and an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed for insulin-sensitivity. RESULTS. OW exhibited a greater body weight (74.4 ± 6.4 kg OW; 59.4 ± 7.8 kg LN, p < 0.001) but similar fat-free-mass (49.4 ± 5.6 kg OW; 45.4 ± 5.9 kg LN) to the LN group. OW had a higher BF% (32.1 ± 3.9 OW; 21.8 ± 3.9 LN, p < 0.0001), and systolic (118 ± 10 mmHg OW; 107 ± 5 mmHg LN, p < 0.05), but not diastolic (72 ± 6 mmHg OW; 68 ± 4 mmHg LN) blood pressure. There was no difference between groups in serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, % HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides or free-fatty-acids. OW had higher levels of C-reactive protein (1.30 ± 0.97 mg.L⁻¹ OW; 0.59 ± 0.35 mg.L⁻¹ LN, p < 0.05), total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol (2.70 ± 0.40 OW; 2.30 ± 0.42 LN, p < 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (2.99 ± 0.65 mM OW; 2.43 ± 0.72 mM LN, p < 0.05), but these were within normal ranges. IDL-cholesterol constituted a significantly greater proportion of total cholesterol in OW compared to LN, but HDL- and LDL- cholesterol sub-fraction distributions were similar. Indices of hepatic (HOMA-IR, 1.06 ± 0.51 OW; 0.86 ± 0.24 LN), and whole-body (Matsuda, 7.84 ± 2.46 OW; 9.16 ± 2.28 LN) insulin-sensitivity were variable and similar between groups. Total area-under-the-curve of the OGTT insulin response tended to be higher in OW (p = 0.08). Two OW runners had insulin-resistance (Matsuda < 5); but no participants had the metabolic syndrome. RMR (kcal.kg FFM⁻¹.day⁻¹) was lower in OW (29.5 ± 2.1 OW; 31.6 ± 2.3 LN, p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, sleep and stress). Total energy intake in kcal.day⁻¹ (1928 ± 354 OW; 2166 ± 489 LN) and % macronutrient composition as Protein/Fat/Carbohydrate/Alcohol (20/44/33/3 OW; 16/43/36/5 LN) were both similar between groups. OW and LN also exhibited similar activity in steps.day⁻¹ (10 742 ± 3552 OW; 12 073 ± 3273 LN) and percentage accelerometer wear-time spent in Sedentary/Light/Moderate-Vigorous physical activity (75/14/11 OW; 72/15/13 LN). Both groups attained circa 7 hours.night⁻¹ of sleep, with good sleep onset latency (7.3 ± 5.8 minutes OW; 5.8 ± 3.5 minutes LN) and sleep efficiency (91.6 ± 4.4% OW; 90.7 ± 2.8% LN), and they reported reduced to average levels of recent stress. DISCUSSION. OW runners presented with greater mean adiposity than LN counterparts, but the two groups were not as distinct as anticipated. OW runners did present with greater metabolic risk according to some traditional risk factors, including inflammation, systolic blood pressure, LDL-C and total cholesterol. However, the first three were within normal ranges and the clinical relevance of the latter is questionable. It was, therefore, concluded that on average the OW group was not at metabolic risk. Only two OW runners and no LN runners were insulin-resistant according to indices derived from the OGTT. These findings may primarily reflect the insulin-sensitising effects of regular exercise and the consequent fitness of the OW runners. Appetite-dysregulation is speculated to have played an integral role in their prior weight-gain. We did not identify any lifestyle discrepancies that could have explained this weight-gain. The cross-sectional nature of this study made it difficult to assess past behaviour during weight-gain, and inter-individual variation was considerable. In combination with the small sample size, these factors limited the generalisability of the results. Future exploration of the 'overweight-runner' phenotype is warranted to clarify the mechanisms of weight-gain in habitual runners and consequent lifestyle changes that may promote meaningful weight-loss.
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Akhter, Adeel, and Hassan Azhar. "Statistical Debugging of Programs written in Dynamic Programming Language : RUBY." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1993.
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Debugging is an important and critical phase during the software development process. Software debugging is serious and tough practice involved in functional base test driven development. Software vendors encourages their programmers to practice test driven development during the initial development phases to capture the bug traces and the associated code coverage infected from diagnosed bugs. Application’s source code with fewer threats of bug existence or faulty executions is assumed as highly efficient and stable especially when real time software products are in consideration. Due to the fact that process of development of software projects relies on great number of users and testers which required having an effective fault localization technique. This specific fault localization technique can highlight the most critical areas of software system at code as well as modular level so that debugging algorithm can be used to debug the application source code. Nowadays many complex or simple software systems are in corporation with open bug repositories to localize the bugs. Any inconsistency or imperfection in early development phase of software product results in low efficient system and less reliability. Statistical debugging of program source code for visualization of fault is an important and efficient way to select and rank the suspicious lines of code. This research provides guidelines for practicing statistical debugging technique for programs coded in Ruby programming language. This thesis presents statistical debugging techniques available for dynamic programming languages. Firstly, the statistical debugging techniques were thoroughly observed with different predicate base approaches followed in previous work done in the subject area. Secondly, the new process of statistical debugging for programs coded in Ruby programming language is introduced by generating dynamic predicates. Results were analyzed by implementing multiple programs written in Ruby programming language with different complexity level. The analysis of experimentation performed on candidate programs depict that SOBER is more efficient and accurate in bug identification than Cause Isolation Scheme. It is concluded that despite of extensive research in the field of statistical debugging and fault localization it is not possible to identify majority of the bugs. Moreover SOBER and Cause Isolation Scheme algorithms are found to be two most mature and effective statistical debugging algorithms for bug identification with in software source code.Address: School of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Phone: +46-(0)455-385804 Fax: +46-(0)455-385057
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Nienaber, Jesse Jay. "Phenotypic and biochemical characterisation of the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of maize / Nienaber." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15480.
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Maize is the staple food for a majority of people in Southern Africa, but plant diseases are responsible for at least 10% of crop production losses. Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of maize was first reported in South Africa in 1949 and has not been reported elsewhere. Very little is known about the pathogen involved and therefore it is deemed necessary to compile a characteristic profile for the pathogen to prevent the possibility of major crop losses as a result of this disease.
This study aimed to use biochemical and phenotypic methods to determine the specific characteristics of the causal agent of BLS. Diseased plant material showing symptoms of BLS were collected during the maize production seasons of 2012 and 2013 within South Africa’s maize production regions namely the North West, Free State, Gauteng and Northern Cape provinces. To prevent contamination, maize leaves were surface sterilised thoroughly before bacterial isolation commenced. Sections of the infected maize leaves were placed on GYC agar plates on which yellow, mucoid bacterial colonies after incubation for 24 to 48 hrs. The isolated bacteria were purified and the molecular identification of the bacteria was conducted in a related study. Although literature indicates that Xanthomonas campestris pv. zeae is the causal agent of BLS, pure cultures obtained from maize leaves showing characteristic symptoms of BLS were identified as species of Xanthomonas, Pantoea, and Enterobacter. To elucidate the pathogenicity of the isolated strains, pathogenicity tests based on Koch’s postulates were performed. Results from the pathogenicity tests confirmed that only the isolate Xanthomonas species was capable of inducing the characteristic BLS symptoms when healthy maize plants were inoculated with the suspected pathogens. It is important to inoculate the maize seedlings at the correct age (four-leaf stage) and the spray method is recommended. Re-isolation was repeated from the same plant material used during the initial isolation process but the isolation method was amended. The optimised isolation method involved the use of a dilution range and spread plate method. Colonies from this isolation technique grew as bright yellow colonies that were identified as Xanthomonas spp. This outcome indicates the importance of surface sterilisation,
pulverisation and subsequent dilution of plant materials for isolation of bacterial pathogens from diseases plants.
These isolates were used to create protein profiles with SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and carbon utilisation patterns with the Biolog® GN2 system. Protein profiling banding patterns was assessed based on presence/absence criteria. Highly similar protein profiles were observed among the X. campestris pv. zeae isolates but groupings of different protein profiles were determined when minor differences in the protein profiles was taken into account. Xanthomonas campestris pv. zeae was successfully distinguished from the X. axonopodis pv. vasculorum reference strain through unique SDS banding patterns. Banding patterns obtained from cultures grown in a liquid medium (tryptic soy broth) were of a higher quality than the banding patterns obtained from bacteria harvested from solid media (CYG agar plates).
Carbon source utilisation data was used to evaluate the average well colour development obtained from each isolate. Statistically significant differences were found among some of the isolates, with some isolates being metabolically more active than other isolates. Substrate utilisation patterns produced by the isolates corresponded to previously published studies on various Xanthomonas species. The cell count of the samples used during carbon utilisation patterns must be standardised in order to obtain reliable results.
During this study, the application of Koch’s postulates and two inoculation techniques confirmed that Xanthomonas campestris pv. zeae is the pathogen responsible for bacterial leaf streak of maize. Members of the Pantoea and Enterobacter genera were found on the leaf surface of maize plants infected with BLS but inoculations of healthy maize plants with these bacteria did not result in bacterial leaf streak symptoms on the maize plants. These bacteria were not pathogenic and were considered endophytes. The identified pathogen was characterised through protein and metabolic profiling. The protein profiles of the pathogen obtained through analysis of the major bands of the SDS-PAGE gels were highly similar and distinguishable from the Xanthomonas reference culture. Groupings within the X. campestris pv. zeae group was found when major and minor
bands were considered, this may however be altered when the intensities of the bands are used during analysis. Carbon utilisation patterns were assessed using Biolog® GN2 plates. A metabolic fingerprint was created for the pathogen of BLS, it was possible to distinguish between X. campestris pv. zeae and other Xanthomonas strains based on the fingerprint. This fingerprint could be used to identify the pathogen.MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Niemann, Nicolaas Johannes Jacobus. "Molecular characterisation of the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of maize / Nicolaas Johannes Jacobus Niemann." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15478.
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All members of the genus Xanthomonas are considered to be plant pathogenic, with specific pathovars infecting several high value agricultural crops. One of these pathovars, X. campestris pv. zeae (as this is only a proposed name it will further on be referred to as Xanthomonas BLSD) the causal agent of bacterial leaf steak of maize, has established itself as a widespread significant maize pathogen within South Africa. Insufficient information about the present distribution of the pathogen is available. The main aim of the study was thus to isolate and characterise the pathogen using molecular methods. Results demonstrated that the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak disease (Xanthomonas BLSD: potentially X. campestris pv. zeae) was widely distributed within the major maize cultivation regions of South Africa. Most of the isolates collected originated from the Highveld maize production provinces (North West, Free State, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces) as well as from irrigated maize fields in the Northern Cape province. The XgumD gene marker was used to determine if the isolates belonged to the genus Xanthomonas. The gumD gene fragment is located within the gumB-gumM region of the operon and is conserved among Xanthomonas species. This gene fragment is partially responsible for xanthan production. This marker was amplified from all isolates and a selected number were sequenced. The marker was only able to confirm that the causal agent was a member of the genus Xanthomonas. PCR methods were used for the characterisation of the isolates. This included PCR and sequencing of ribosomal RNA- gyraseB and gumD genes. A fingerprinting method BOX-PCR was also employed. Good quality DNA of sufficient quantities was obtained from the various isolates. Amplification produced no non-specific amplification products. This resulted in good quality sequences that could be analysed using bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal RNA and gyraseB genes could not detect differences amongst the 47 Xanthomonas BLSD isolates. However, these genes were able to distinguish between the type strain of these isolates and various Xanthomonas species and pathovars. From all three neighbour joining trees the Xanthomonas BLSD isolates had close association with X. axonopodis pv. vasculorum strain ATCC 35938. For the 16S rRNA gene there exists no sequence differences between Xanthomonas BLSD and X. axonopodis pv. vasculorum strain ATCC 35938. A single nucleotide difference was observed between Xanthomonas BLSD and X. axonopodis pv. vasculorum strain ATCC 35938 for the 23S rRNA gene. The gyraseB gene detected a total of six nucleotide variations between these two Xanthomonas species. For all of the phylogenetic trees there was no clustering of Xanthomonas BLSD with X. campestris pathovars.
Genetic profiling (via BOX-PCR) based on present/absent analysis revealed no variations amongst the Xanthomonas BLSD isolates. All isolates shared an identical pattern produced by 12 distinct PCR products. This profiling technique did differentiate between the isolates of Xanthomonas BLSD and X. axonopodis pv. vasculorum strain ATCC 35938. Their profiles shared common bands, but differed in the number and overall pattern of the bands. These results suggest two main conclusions: (i) Xanthomonas BLSD has a clonal origin with geographical separation not impacting genetic variation. The fact that all the isolates appear to be clonal may imply that when resistant maize cultivars are developed these should be resistant to all isolates of the pathovar irrespective of their geographical origin. This is a suggestion that will have to be corroborated using more isolates and additional genetic fingerprinting techniques (ii) the Xanthomonas BLSD isolates from this study may not belong to X. campestris. Further studies using other markers should be conducted to determine the real identity of Xanthomonas BLSD.MSc Environmental Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Hsieh, Shih-Sung, and 謝士松. "Profiling alteration of cell surface protein repertoire caused by upregulation of HLA-B2704." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16406198273004008144.
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碩士國立中正大學
分子生物研究所
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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory rheumatic disease involving primarily the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton. The main clinical features are back pain and progressive stiffness of the spine, seriously reducing the quality of patient’s life. Previous researches have established that expression of human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis. And approximately 90﹪of population carry the HLA-B27 allele, the pathologic role of HLA-B27 is still unclear. In order to understand the role HLA-B27 plays in development of ankylosing spondylitis, we established two inducible HeLa cell lines that express EGFP fusion of either HLA-B2704 (AS associated subtype) or HLA-B2706 (AS non-associated subtype) upon addition of doxycycline. To ensure the purity of the inducible clones, EGFP-positive cells were further enriched by flow cytometric sorting. Inducible expression of EGFP-fusion HLA-B2704 and HLA-B2706 was further confirmed by immunoblotting and confocal imaging. Our data indicate that AS-associated HLA-B2704 is remained in the cytoplasm, colocalizing with ER, but AS non-associated HLA-B2706 is largely localized on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay was performed using a spectrum-type CLSM to examine whether HLA-B27 is able to dimerize in cells. Surprisingly the result indicates that HLA-B2704 and HLA-B2706 displays similar ability in heavy-chain homodimer formation. Hence, our finding suggests that heavy-chain homodimers is unlikely directly related to pathogenesis of AS. In addition, we utilize the techniques of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to track the movement HLA-B27 proteins in living cells, and the result shows that AS-associated HLA-B2704 is transported into Golgi apparatus at much slower rate than HLA-B2706. To investigate the effect of of HLA-B27 overexpression to vesicular transport, we isolated cell surface protein from non-induced and induced HLA-B27 cell lines, and the profiles of membrane proteins were analyzed by two dimensional electrophoretic analysis. The proteins exhibiting differential presence on the plasma membrane after induction were further identified by mass spectrometry. Through this approach we discovered that G protein β-subunit has differential presence level on the plasma membrane between non-induced and induced HLA-B27 cell lines. Hence, our data indicate that expression of HLA-B2704 potentially retard the overall efficiency of vesicular transport pathway, thereby altering the membrane associated protein composition and subsequently leading to dysfunction of the cells.
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Wu, Chieh-Tui. "Overexpression of profilin causes abnormal somites and notochord formation in zebrafish." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2401200520423400.
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Wu, Chieh-Tui, and 吳玠錞. "Overexpression of profilin causes abnormal somites and notochord formation in zebrafish." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97674047725372319912.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
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To study the roles of profilins in embryogenesis, we have identified a profilin II gene in zebrafish. By RT-PCR, a 423 b.p. profilin II transcript was highly expressed during cleavage and blastula periods as maternal transcripts, disappearing and a zygotic expression was not observed until 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). Profilin II expression was observed in all adult tissues examined. By whole-mount in situ hybridization, profilin II was ubiquitously expressed in all blastomeres of early embryos, but localized mainly in brain and neuronal tissues after 24 hpf. Overexpression of profilin II-EGFP caused the partial inhibition of somitogenesis and the distortion of notochord, which resulted in the malformation and truncation of trunk and tail. Furthermore, morpholino knock-down of profilin II induced a shorten body axis and a contorted tail. These results suggest that a normal expression of profilin II is required for the proper development of neuron, somite and possibly body axis formation in zebrafish.
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Doorewaard, Cecili. "Livestock theft : a criminological assessment and sample-specific profile of the perpetrators." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26792.
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This qualitative research and case study analysis resulted from the dearth of information on livestock theft and the livestock theft perpetrators. The purpose of this study was to explore, describe and explain the criminal behaviour associated with livestock theft from a criminological point of view by compiling a sample-specific profile of the perpetrators. Interviews were conducted with 35 offenders, 28 case dockets were analysed and additional interviews were conducted with the SAPS STU members and victims to determine the modus operandi, motives and causes of the crimes. Criminological theories were applied to explain the offending behaviour. The findings of this study revealed that the livestock theft perpetrators come from diverse backgrounds regarding age, qualification status and socio-economic class. Their crimes were of an organised nature and the motives and causes revealed that financial intent was the main driving factor of the behind the thefts.Dinyakisiso tsa boleng le tshekatsheko ya dinyakisiso tsa tiragalo di feleleditse ka tlhokego ya tshedimoso ka ga bohodu bja leruo le basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo. Maikemisetso a dinyakisiso tse e bile go utolla, go hlatholla le go hlalosa maitshwaro a bosenyi a go amana le bohudu bja leruo go ya ka lehlakore la tsa bosenyi ka go ngwala phrofaele ya mabapi le sampole ya mahodu a leruo. Dipoledisano di swerwe le basenyi ba 35, ditokete tsa melato di ile tsa sekasekwa gomme dipoledisano tsa tlaleletso di ile tsa swarwa le maloko a Lekala la Maphodisa leo le somago ka Bohodu bja Leruo le batswasehlabelo ka nepo ya go tseba mokgwa wo o somiswago ka bohodung bja leruo, maikemisetso le tseo di bakago bosenyi. Diteori ka ga dithuto tsa bosenyi di ile tsa diriswa go hlalosa maitshwaro a tshenyo. Dikutollo tsa dinyakisiso di utollotse gore basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo ba tswa maemong ao a fapanego mabapi le mengwaga, maemo a tsa thuto le maemo a ekonomi ya setshaba. Bosenyi bja bona ke bjo bo rulagantswego gomme maikemisetso le dilo tseo di bakago bosenyi di utollotse gore maikemisetso a tsa ditshelete, bojato, go iphedisa, tlhokego ya mesomo, boipuseletso, kgatelelo ya sethaka, maemo a setshabeng le tshomisobosaedi ya diokobatsi e bile dilo tse kgolo tseo di bakago bohodu.
Uhlaziyo locwaningo lwe-qualitative kanye ne-case study luvezwe wumphumela wokusweleka kolwazi ngokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo kanye nalabo abantshontsha imfuyo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola, ukucacisa kanye nokuchaza ukuziphatha kobugebengu obuhambisana nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo, ngokulandela izifundo zezobugebengu ngokwenza uhlaka olulula lohlobo lwalabo abenza lobu bugebengu. Kwenziwe izingxoxo zama-interview nabenzi bubugebengu abangu 35, kwahlaziywa namadokethi amacala kwabuye kwenziwa ama-interview namalunga ezamaphoyisa abhekene nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo abe-Stock Theft Unit kanye nalabo abangamaxhoba okuntshontshelwa imfuyo, ukuthola indlela okusetshenzwa ngayo, isisusa kanye nembangela yobugebengu. Amathiyori ezifundo ngobugebengu asethenziswe ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kobugebengu. Okutholakele kucwaningo kuveze ukuthi izigebengu ezintshontsha imfuyo zivela emikhakheni ehlukene, maqondana neminyaka yobudala, izinga lemfundo kanye nesimo sezomnotho emphakathini. Ubugebengu yinhlobo yobugebengu obuhleliwe, kanti izisusa nezimbangela zikhombise inhloso yezezimali, ubugovu, ukuzama ukuziphilisa, ukusweleka kwemisebenzi, impindiselo, ingcindezelo ngontanga, isimo emphakathini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngezinye zezinto ezingumfutho obangela lokhu kuntshontshwa kwemfuyo.
Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)
Books on the topic "Causal profiling"
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Bellizzi, Antonio. Contratto illecito, reato e irripetibilità ob turpem causam: Profili restitutori dei delitti di corruzione e concussione. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 1999.
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1931-, Henry Frances, ed. Racial profiling in Canada: Challenging the myth of 'a few bad apples'. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.
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Henry, Frances, and Carol Tator. Racial Profiling in Canada. University of Toronto Press, 2006.
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Pampel, Fred C. Racial Profiling (Library in a Book). Facts on File, 2004.
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Il nesso di causalità: Profili giuridici e scientifici. Padova: CEDAM, 2007.
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Percival, Garrick. Criminal Justice Policy. Edited by Donald P. Haider-Markel. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579679.013.030.
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This chapter examines criminal justice policy in the U.S. states, discussing the important developments in knowledge in recent years, and outlining key areas for future research in this important area of public policy. The chapter is organized around two fundamental questions. The first is what political forces cause governments to use more coercive forms of crime and social control? The second is how do political forces contribute to the disproportionate level of punishment imposed on racial and ethnic minority groups? Both questions entail basic questions about policing, criminal profiling, and particular campaigns, such as the most recent drug war. In devoting attention to these questions, state and local government researchers have the opportunity to make significant and lasting contributions by moving the field to a more synthesized and theoretically shaped understanding of criminal justice policy in the U.S. states.
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Gunter, Barrie. The Study of Online Relationships and Dating. Edited by William H. Dutton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0009.
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This chapter, which investigates a range of evidence about online dating behaviour, and a synthesis of approaches to research in this area, also evaluates the nature of the market and the experiences of those who have engaged in online dating. Further issues linked with patterns of online self-disclosure and self-presentation, and concerns about deception in online dating, are then assessed. Corporate data have indicated that the online dating business is mostly on an upward trajectory. Data show greater age difference tolerance of online daters and a willingness to adopt a broader selection of partners compared with offline-only daters. Many online dating site users increasingly fail to be fully engaged by sites that offer search opportunities for partner matches using check-box profiling. The issues of deception and trust in relation to personal profiles have been regarded as problematic factors that could cause tension among online daters.
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Heales, Simon, Simon Pope, Viruna Neergheen, and Manju Kurian. Abnormalities of CSF Neurotransmitters/Folates. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0082.
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The term Neurotansmitter disorder, in the area of metabolic disease, focuses particularly on inborn errors affecting monoamine (dopamine & serotonin), pyridoxal phosphate (B6) and folate metabolism. Whilst there has been considerable focus on these disorders with regards to the paediatric population, it is clear that an increasing number of adult patients are being identified. Adult neurologists need to be aware of the clinical presentation of such patients and the appropriate tests that need to be requested to ensure a correct diagnosis is achieved. CSF profiling, by a specialist laboratory, is often required. This has the ability to very often identify the nature of a primary defect with regards to implementation of appropriate treatment. For some of these disorders, treatment can be effective. This may be in the form of monoamine/vitamin replacement. However there are exceptions, e.g. aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and dopamine transporter deficiencies. There also needs also to be an awareness of the growing list of secondary factors that can cause impaired dopamine and serotonin metabolism.
Book chapters on the topic "Causal profiling"
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Tijhuis, A. G. "Inverse Profiling for an Inhomogeneous, Plane-Stratified Lossy Causal Medium." In Inverse Problems and Theoretical Imaging, 370–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75298-8_46.
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van Herpen, Carla M. L. "Patients with Rare Head Neck Cancers: Do They Need a Different Approach?" In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 309–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_20.
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AbstractA cancer is considered rare when the annual cancer incidence is less than 6 per 100,000 inhabitants. In absolute numbers more than 500,000 patients per year are diagnosed with a rare cancer, and 4,300,000 rare cancer patients are prevalent in Europe. The definition is widely adopted among the different scientific international societies like ESMO and ESTRO. This means that 22% of all diagnosed cancers are rare and out of the 260 cancer types identified (www.rarecare), 223 (86%) are rare. The European Network for Rare Solid Cancers (EURACAN) uses this definition to create reference networks in order to improve rare cancer care.In Europe rare cancer patients have poorer survival as compared to common cancer patients. Moreover, the survival of rare cancer patients in the Netherlands has barely increased over time (from 50% in 1995–2000 to 56% in 2012–2016), in contrast to the common cancers (from 59% in 1995–2012 to 72% in 2012–2016). Clinical decision-making is more problematic in the case of a rare cancer because clinical studies on that tumor will be more difficult to do; so, the quality of available evidence tends to be limited. Furthermore, the decreased survival is partly caused by a delay in the diagnostic trajectory and found to be related to more advanced staging resulting in less effective treatment options.Examples of rare cancers in the head and neck region are salivary gland cancers, which can be divided in 22 histological subtypes, and epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity and sinuses, e.g. intestinal type adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma, which are rare and frequently located in the head and neck area (Table 20.1).New developments in the treatment of (recurrent/metastatic) salivary gland cancer, especially salivary duct cancer, will be discussed. By unraveling tumor characteristics, such as genetic alterations and protein expression profiles, therapeutic strategies tailored to the patient’s tumor can be rationalized. This genomic profiling and mapping of immunohistochemical expression profiles is essential in the search for a suitable treatment or study approach. Thereby, it alleviates the paucity in systemic treatment options and can significantly alter the prognosis of patients with rare cancers.
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Glaser, Jack. "Causes of Racial Profiling." In Suspect Race, 42–68. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370409.003.0003.
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Glaser, Jack. "Unintentional Causes of Profiling." In Suspect Race, 69–95. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370409.003.0004.
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Trego, Marisa L., Charles A. Brown, Benjamin Dubansky, Chelsea D. Hess, Fernando Galvez, and Andrew Whitehead. "Transcriptome profiling in conservation physiology and ecotoxicology: mechanistic insights into organism–environment interactions to both test and generate hypotheses." In Conservation Physiology, 109–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843610.003.0007.
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A key challenge in conservation biology is to identify natural populations with compromised health and identify causative agents. However, wildlife are exposed to a complex matrix of natural and anthropogenic stressors such that identifying particular agents of distress is difficult. Yet, establishing cause and effect between human-induced environmental changes and adverse health is necessary to guide conservation planning. Transcriptome profiling, with thoughtful experimental design and appropriate metadata, is useful for establishing cause and effect between exposures to environmental stressors and adverse health outcomes. Here we describe transcriptome profiling and associated paradigms that are useful for wildlife health assessment and conservation planning, with particular emphasis on pollution. We emphasize that these tools are important for testing hypotheses about causative agents of distress, but also for generating new hypotheses about causes and consequences. We outline two case studies that highlight attributes of transcriptomics tools and approaches that add value for conservation practitioners.
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Georgiou, Elena. "GDPR in Between Profiles and Decision-Making." In Personal Data Protection and Legal Developments in the European Union, 85–105. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9489-5.ch005.
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The creation and application of profiles may affect individuals and their lives. The lack of transparency and accuracy that may result from these profiles can cause asymmetries of knowledge and unbalanced distribution of powers between business entities and individual subjects. As such, profiling challenges the protection of individuals and generates concerns over the individuals' privacy and data protection. In using profiling practices, every business entity must comply with data protection legislation.The purpose of the chapter is to examine the effectiveness of the GDPR to ensure protection for individuals within the context of profiling. It identifies and analyses, from a profiling point of view, a number of strengths and weaknesses associated with the general data protection principles as adopted under the Article 5 GDPR. The author argues that profiling contradicts the transparent nature of data protection principles, and thus of the GDPR. In practice, the law is ineffective to ensure fair, lawful, and transparent profiling activities to safeguard individuals and their rights.
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Delaney, Scott. "Data Profiling and Data Quality Metric Measurement as a Proactive Input into the Operation of Business Intelligence Systems." In Information Quality and Governance for Business Intelligence, 253–70. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4892-0.ch013.
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Business intelligence systems have reached business critical status within many companies. It is not uncommon for such systems to be central to the decision-making effectiveness of these enterprises. However, the processes used to load data into these systems often do not exhibit a level of robustness in line with their criticality to the organisation. The processes of loading business intelligence systems with data are subject to compromised execution, delays, or failures as a result of changes in the source system data. These ETL processes are not designed to recognise nor deal with such shifts in data shape. This chapter proposes the use of data profiling techniques as a means of early discovery of issues and changes within the source system data and examines how this knowledge can be applied to guard against reductions in the decision making capability and effectiveness of an organisation caused by interruptions to business intelligence system availability or compromised data quality. It does so by examining issues such as where profiling can be best be applied to get appropriate benefit and value, the techniques of establishing profiling, and the types of actions that may be taken once the results of profiling are available. The chapter describes components able to be drawn together to provide a system of control that can be applied around a business intelligence system to enhance the quality of organisational decision making through monitoring the characteristics of arriving data and taking action when values are materially different than those expected.
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Delaney, Scott. "Data Profiling and Data Quality Metric Measurement as a Proactive Input into the Operation of Business Intelligence Systems." In Business Intelligence, 2171–88. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9562-7.ch107.
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Business intelligence systems have reached business critical status within many companies. It is not uncommon for such systems to be central to the decision-making effectiveness of these enterprises. However, the processes used to load data into these systems often do not exhibit a level of robustness in line with their criticality to the organisation. The processes of loading business intelligence systems with data are subject to compromised execution, delays, or failures as a result of changes in the source system data. These ETL processes are not designed to recognise nor deal with such shifts in data shape. This chapter proposes the use of data profiling techniques as a means of early discovery of issues and changes within the source system data and examines how this knowledge can be applied to guard against reductions in the decision making capability and effectiveness of an organisation caused by interruptions to business intelligence system availability or compromised data quality. It does so by examining issues such as where profiling can be best be applied to get appropriate benefit and value, the techniques of establishing profiling, and the types of actions that may be taken once the results of profiling are available. The chapter describes components able to be drawn together to provide a system of control that can be applied around a business intelligence system to enhance the quality of organisational decision making through monitoring the characteristics of arriving data and taking action when values are materially different than those expected.
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Jain, Saransh, and Vijaya Kumar Narne. "Auditory Profile of Children With Some Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders." In Emerging Trends in the Diagnosis and Intervention of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 32–55. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7004-2.ch002.
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Neurodevelopmental disorder is an umbrella term comprising many muscular, skeletal, metabolic, endocrinal, systemic, and immune-related diseases, which are caused due to the improper/inaccurate development of the central nervous system. Most of these disorders are highly prevalent, but some express rarely in human beings. Such disorders with least prevalence rates are known as rare neurodevelopmental disorders. The sensory system is affected in all individuals with these rare neurodevelopmental disorders, although to a varying extent. Sensory processing in terms of hearing loss is reported by many researchers in many rare neurodevelopmental disorders, but the pathophysiology of audiological findings are seldom investigated. In this chapter, the authors highlight the possible relationship between underlying cause and the resultant audiological symptoms in some of the rare neurodevelopmental disorders. Further, the research studies on the audiological profiling in such disorders are discussed.
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Klepac, Goran. "Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm as an Optimization Tool Within Developed Neural Networks." In Critical Developments and Applications of Swarm Intelligence, 215–44. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5134-8.ch009.
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Developed neural networks as an output could have numerous potential outputs caused by numerous combinations of input values. When we are in position to find optimal combination of input values for achieving specific output value within neural network model it is not a trivial task. This request comes from profiling purposes if, for example, neural network gives information of specific profile regarding input or recommendation system realized by neural networks, etc. Utilizing evolutionary algorithms like particle swarm optimization algorithm, which will be illustrated in this chapter, can solve these problems.
Conference papers on the topic "Causal profiling"
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Pourghassemi, Behnam, Ardalan Amiri Sani, and Aparna Chandramowlishwaran. "What-If Analysis of Page Load Time in Web Browsers Using Causal Profiling." In SIGMETRICS '19: ACM SIGMETRICS / International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3309697.3331483.
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Gomes, João Emanoel Ambrósio, Ricardo B. C. Prudêncio, and André C. A. Nascimento. "CUR: Group Profiling with Community-based Users’ Representation." In XV Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2018.4459.
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Group profiling methods aim to construct a descriptive profile for communities in social networks. Before the application of a profiling algorithm, it is necessary to collect and preprocess the users’ content information, i.e., to build a representation of each user in the network. Usually, existing group profiling strategies define the users’ representation by uniformly processing the entire content information in the network, and then, apply traditional feature selection methods over the user features in a group. However, such strategy may ignore specific characteristics of each group. This fact can lead to a limited representation for some communities, disregarding attributes which are relevant to the network perspective and describing more clearly a particular community despite the others. In this context, we propose the community-based user’s representation method (CUR). In this proposal, feature selection algorithms are applied over user features for each network community individually, aiming to assign relevant feature sets for each particular community. Such strategy will avoid the bias caused by larger communities on the overall user representation. Experiments were conducted in a co-authorship network to evaluate the CUR representation on different group profiling strategies and were assessed by hu- man evaluators. The results showed that profiles obtained after the application of the CUR module were better than the ones obtained by conventional users’ representation on an average of 76.54% of the evaluations.
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Ingram, Grant, David Gregory-Smith, and Neil Harvey. "Investigation of a Novel Secondary Flow Feature in a Turbine Cascade With End Wall Profiling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53589.
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A novel secondary flow feature, previously unreported for turbine blading as far as the authors are aware, has been discovered. It has been found that it is possible to separate part of the inlet boundary layer on the blade row end wall as it is being over-turned and rolled up into the passage vortex. This flow feature has been discovered during a continuing investigation into the aerodynamic effects of non-axisymmetric end wall profiling. Previous work, using the low speed linear cascade at Durham University, has shown the potential of end wall profiling for reducing secondary losses. The latest study, the results of which are described here, was undertaken to determine the limits of what end wall profiling can achieve. The flow has been investigated in detail with pressure probe traversing and surface flow visualization. This has found that the inlet boundary locally separates, on the early suction side of the passage, generating significant extra loss which feeds directly into the core of the passage vortex. The presence of this new feature gives rise to the unexpected result that the secondary flow, as determined by the exit flow angle deviations and levels of secondary kinetic energy, can be reduced while at the same time the loss is increased. CFD was found to calculate the secondary flows moderately well compared with measurements. However, CFD did not predict this new feature, nor the increase in loss it caused. It is concluded that the application of non-axisymmetric end wall profiling, although it has been shown to be highly beneficial, can give rise to adverse features that current CFD tools are unable to predict. Improvements to CFD capability are required in order to be able to avoid such features, and obtain the full potential of end wall profiling.
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Rossi, M., G. Cassiani, G. Vignoli, J. Irving, R. Deiana, and A. Binley. "Intricacies in the Interpretation of Vertical Radar Profiling Caused by Borehole Effects." In 23rd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702088.
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Rose, M. G., N. W. Harvey, P. Seaman, D. A. Newman, and D. McManus. "Improving the Efficiency of the Trent 500 HP Turbine Using Non-Axisymmetric End Walls: Part II — Experimental Validation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0505.
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Part I of this paper described how the HP turbine model rig of the Rolls-Royce Trent 500 was redesigned by applying non-axisymmetric end walls to both the vane and blade passages, whilst leaving the turbine operating point and overall flow conditions unaltered. This paper describes the results obtained from testing of the model rig and compares them with those obtained for the datum design (with conventional axisymmetric end walls). Measured improvements in the turbine efficiency are shown to be in line with those expected from the previous linear cascade research at Durham University, see Harvey et al. [1] and Hartland et al. [2]. These improvements are observed at both design and off-design conditions. Hot wire traverses taken at the exit of the rotor show, unexpectedly, that the end wall profiling has caused changes across the whole of the turbine flow field. This result is discussed making reference to a preliminary 3-D CFD analysis. It is concluded that the design methodology described in part I of this paper has been validated, and that non-axisymmetric end wall profiling is now a major new tool for the reduction of secondary loss in turbines (and potentially all axial flow turbomachinery). Further work, though, is needed to fully understand the stage (and multistage) effects of end wall profiling.
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Freeman, Aaron P., and Haris J. Catrakis. "Turbulence-Aberrated Laser Wavefront Profiling With Shack-Hartmann Microlenses." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37092.
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This study focuses on experimental profiling of turbulence-aberrated laser wavefronts using a Shack-Hartmann (S-H) microlens array as a means of investigating the aero-optical effects that large-scale turbulence properties have on propagated laser wavefronts. Imaging of the phase and intensity of laser sheets propagated through separated turbulent compressible shear layers, which cause the laser wavefront to become aberrated, is performed under the following flow conditions; Re ∼ 6×106 based on visual thickness and M∞ ∼ 0.9. The data captured by the S-H sensor enables the direct determination of the laser optical wavefront profile. The optical wavefront profile provides path-integrated information regarding the refractive turbulence field and interfaces. The optical wavefronts are compared with laser induced fluorescence images of the refractive fields and interfaces taken simultaneously which allows for verification of computational methods of analyzing the optical wavefront within the flow. The present work validates the use of laser wavefront profiling as a means for detecting information about the refractive turbulence properties.
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Ting, Chang Siong, Nur’ain Minggu, Dahlila Kamat, Latief Riyanto, Chee Seong Tan, Sanggeetha Kalidas, Ammar Kamarulzaman, and Gordon Kim Goh. "The Transient Dynamics of Permanent Fiber Temperature Analysis and Downhole Gauge Evaluation of an Acid Stimulation Job in a Brown Field, Offshore Malaysia." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21396-ms.
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Abstract Well B-2 is a dual-string producers with Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) fiber installed along the long string (i.e. Well B-2L) across the reservoir sections. Each zone comprises of sub-layers. This system enabled the operator to continuously monitor the wellbore temperature across all the producing intervals including gas-lift monitoring, well integrity identification, zonal inflow profiling and stimulation job evaluation. This paper mainly discusses the post matrix acid stimulation job with interpreted DTS and zonal Permanent Downhole Gauge (PDG) data. Well B-2L has been selected for matrix acidizing treatment to improve the productivity due to potential formation damage, proven by the declining production over the years. Prior to the execution of the acidizing job, several conformance jobs such as injectivity test, tubing pickling were performed. This is followed by the main acid treatment and flow back. DTS & zonal PDG data were acquired throughout the operation. A transient simulator model was built incorporating all the reservoir properties including well trajectory and completion schematic to analyze the DTS profile and understand the zonal inflow profiling for each zone post treatment. A baseline temperature was acquired for the geothermal evaluation. The DTS data has been studied according to actual event schedules. Some significant findings are; i) completion accessories effect (feedthru packers) creates temperature anomalies, ii) leak points detected at top producing zone signifies cooling effect due to injected fluid. The main treatment was intended at zone 2 and 3 using nitrified acid. However, leak points at top zone caused bypassed injection into Zone 1 and 2 instead. Fiber optic DTS warmback profiles post main-treatment was analyzed to quantify the fluid intake from sub-layer in each zone. Qualitatively from the DTS-interpreted zonal profiling, the data clearly shows most of treatment fluid is being injected into Zone 1 and 2 with no intakes at Zone 3. Furthermore, warmback analysis confirmed the high intake zones from sub-layers within the main zone based on the permeability contrast. This paper will further discuss the zonal injectivity understanding for improvement from the zonal-inflow profiling evaluation by incorporating DTS, PDG and surface production data.
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Magalhaes, Joao Paulo, and Luis Moura Silva. "Adaptive Profiling for Root-Cause Analysis of Performance Anomalies in Web-Based Applications." In 2011 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nca.2011.30.
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Abou-Hanna, Jeries, John Carlson, and Jose´ Lozano. "Chemistry Consistency Analysis of Tungsten-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79136.
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Tungsten-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been magnetron sputtered onto 52100 steel with chromium and chromium/tungsten carbide dual interlayers using a Hauzer Techno Coating HTC 1200 4 UBM unbalanced magnetron deposition system. Internal fixturing to the deposition chamber rotates parts to be coated with a two degree of freedom system. By design, at certain intervals during the deposition, the acetylene flow is linearly altered to change film characteristics throughout the film. AES sputter depth profiling analysis shows that the fixture rotational system, designed to uniformly coat parts, causes localized chemistry variations in the coating. For a given location, the AES depth profile also clearly documents the intervals when acetylene flow was constant and when the flow was ramped.
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Pilgrim, Christopher C., Jan Ehrhard, Mario Schinnerl, Silvia Araguás-Rodríguez, David Peral, Marc-Sebastian Straka, Mike Genschmar, Solon Karagiannopoulos, Salvador Pacheco-Gutierrez, and Jörg P. Feist. "Thermal Profiling of Automotive Turbochargers in Durability Tests." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16075.
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Abstract A major portion of the development of an automotive powertrain system is devoted to robustness and durability testing to ascertain the viability of the design. For turbochargers, thermo-mechanical fatigue is often considered as life limiting failure mechanism for the turbine section, therefore, these tests involve repeated and continuous cycling of the turbocharger for hundreds of hours. Thermocouples are used to monitor the temperature during the test, however, they only provide information at the location to which they are attached, are practically challenging to apply to all areas of interest and are prone to fail due to the thermal cycling throughout the test. As a result, there may be very limited temperature data at the end of the test. If a failure occurred in the system during the testing, the lack of temperature data can inhibit the understanding of the cause. Further testing may be required and delay product release, which add significant expense to the product development. The Thermal History Coatings (THC) developed by Sensor Coating Systems can offer a new and unique solution to provide complimentary temperature information for this purpose. THCs are applied to the surface of a component and, when heated, the coating permanently changes according to the maximum temperature of exposure. A laser-based instrumentation system is then used to measure the coating or paint, and through calibration, the maximum temperature profile of the surface can be recorded. Although this technique is relatively new, it has been used in several turbomachinery, and other applications to capture the spatial temperature distribution of critical components. However, the turbocharger durability test presents new challenges for the technique. It has not been tested in this type of application and the extended and repeated cycling operation can test the durability of the coating and will influence the response of the coating, hence, the temperature measurements. The internal surfaces of the turbocharger will also be exposed to the exhaust gases of the combustion process. In this paper, the capability of the THC for this application was investigated. For the first time, the effect of cyclic operation on the THC is reported. The measurement capability was demonstrated on two turbine housings tested on a gas stand, one for a single cycle, another for 10 cycles. The results show that the surface temperature profile of the two turbine housings can be accurately recorded and the results are validated against the installed thermocouples. The demonstration indicates that the THC can be used to acquire accurate and detailed spatial temperature distributions, which significantly enhance the information from thermocouples alone. This information can be used to improve the interpretation of the durability test and hence accelerate new product release.