Relevant bibliographies by topics / Causal Diagrams

Academic literature on the topic 'Causal Diagrams'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Causal Diagrams.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Causal Diagrams":

1

Castello, Jonathan, Patrick Redmond, and Lindsey Kuper. "Inductive Diagrams for Causal Reasoning." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, OOPSLA1 (April 29, 2024): 529–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3649830.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
The Lamport diagram is a pervasive and intuitive tool for informal reasoning about “happens-before” relationships in a concurrent system. However, traditional axiomatic formalizations of Lamport diagrams can be painful to work with in a mechanized setting like Agda. We propose an alternative, inductive formalization — the causal separation diagram (CSD) — that takes inspiration from string diagrams and concurrent separation logic, but enjoys a graphical syntax similar to Lamport diagrams. Critically, CSDs are based on the idea that causal relationships between events are witnessed by the paths that information follows between them. To that end, we model “happens-before” as a dependent type of paths between events. The inductive formulation of CSDs enables their interpretation into a variety of semantic domains. We demonstrate the interpretability of CSDs with a case study on properties of logical clocks , widely-used mechanisms for reifying causal relationships as data. We carry out this study by implementing a series of interpreters for CSDs, culminating in a generic proof of Lamport’s clock condition that is parametric in a choice of clock. We instantiate this proof on Lamport’s scalar clock, on Mattern’s vector clock, and on the matrix clocks of Raynal et al. and of Wuu and Bernstein, yielding verified implementations of each. The CSD formalism and our case study are mechanized in the Agda proof assistant.
2

Schisterman, Enrique F., Neil J. Perkins, Sunni L. Mumford, Katherine A. Ahrens, and Emily M. Mitchell. "Collinearity and Causal Diagrams." Epidemiology 28, no. 1 (January 2017): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000554.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ogburn, Elizabeth L., and Tyler J. VanderWeele. "Causal Diagrams for Interference." Statistical Science 29, no. 4 (November 2014): 559–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-sts501.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Yen, Chi-Hsien (Eric), Haocong Cheng, Grace Yu-Chun Yen, Brian P. Bailey, and Yun Huang. "Narratives + Diagrams: An Integrated Approach for Externalizing and Sharing People's Causal Beliefs." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479588.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Causal knowledge is of interest in many areas, such as statistics and machine learning, as it allows people and algorithms to predict outcomes and make data-driven decisions. Researchers in CSCW have proposed tools and workflows to externalize causal knowledge or beliefs from a group of people; however, most of the generated causal diagrams lack a deeper understanding of the causal mechanisms or could not capture diverse beliefs. By integrating narratives with causal diagrams, we implemented an interactive system that allows users to 1) write narratives to rationalize their perceived causal relationships, 2) visualize their causal models using directed diagrams, and 3) review and utilize others' causal diagrams and narratives. We conducted a user study (N=20) to learn how participants leveraged this integrated approach to externalize their perceived causal models for a given application context. Our results showed that the approach implemented in our tool enabled the externalization of users' causal beliefs (e.g., how and why a causal relationship might occur), allowed blind spots of individuals' causal reasoning to be revealed (e.g., learning new ideas from peers), and inspired their causal reasoning (e.g., revising or adding new causal relationships). We also identified the individual differences in people's causal beliefs and observed the impacts of showing others' causal models when one is building his/her causal diagram and narratives. This work provides practical design implications for developing collaborative tools that facilitate capturing and sharing causal beliefs.
5

Suzuki, Etsuji, Tomohiro Shinozaki, and Eiji Yamamoto. "Causal Diagrams: Pitfalls and Tips." Journal of Epidemiology 30, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20190192.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Picciotto*, Sally. "Causal Diagrams and Their Uses." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2014, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2014.s-063.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mansournia, Mohammad A., Miguel A. Hernán, and Sander Greenland. "Matched designs and causal diagrams." International Journal of Epidemiology 42, no. 3 (June 2013): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt083.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Greenland, Sander, Judea Pearl, and James M. Robins. "Causal Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research." Epidemiology 10, no. 1 (January 1999): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199901000-00008.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

PEARL, JUDEA. "Causal diagrams for empirical research." Biometrika 82, no. 4 (1995): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/82.4.669.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

COX, D. R., and NANNY WERMUTH. "Causal diagrams for empirical research." Biometrika 82, no. 4 (1995): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/82.4.688.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Causal Diagrams' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Causal Diagrams":

1

Ziebart, Brian D. "Modeling Purposeful Adaptive Behavior with the Principle of Maximum Causal Entropy." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2010. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Predicting human behavior from a small amount of training examples is a challenging machine learning problem. In this thesis, we introduce the principle of maximum causal entropy, a general technique for applying information theory to decision-theoretic, game-theoretic, and control settings where relevant information is sequentially revealed over time. This approach guarantees decision-theoretic performance by matching purposeful measures of behavior (Abbeel & Ng, 2004), and/or enforces game-theoretic rationality constraints (Aumann, 1974), while otherwise being as uncertain as possible, which minimizes worst-case predictive log-loss (Gr¨unwald & Dawid, 2003). We derive probabilistic models for decision, control, and multi-player game settings using this approach. We then develop corresponding algorithms for efficient inference that include relaxations of the Bellman equation (Bellman, 1957), and simple learning algorithms based on convex optimization. We apply the models and algorithms to a number of behavior prediction tasks. Specifically, we present empirical evaluations of the approach in the domains of vehicle route preference modeling using over 100,000 miles of collected taxi driving data, pedestrian motion modeling from weeks of indoor movement data, and robust prediction of game play in stochastic multi-player games.
2

Sedlacko, Michal, Robert-Andre Martinuzzi, Inge Røpke, Nuno Videira, and Paula Antunes. "Participatory systems mapping for sustainable consumption: Discussion of a method promoting systemic insights." Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.11.020.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
The paper describes our usage of and experience with the method of participatory systems mapping. The method, developed for the purpose of facilitating knowledge brokerage, builds on participatory modelling approaches and applications and was used in several events involving both researchers and policy makers. The paper presents and discusses examples of how different types of participatory interaction with causal loop diagrams ("system maps") produced different insights on issues related to sustainable consumption and enabled participatory reflection and sharing of knowledge. Together, these insights support a systemic understanding of the issues and thus the method provides instruments for coping with complexity when formulating policies for sustainable consumption. Furthermore the paper discusses the ability of the method - and its limits - to connect mental models of participants through structured discussion and thus bridge boundaries between different communities.
3

Rawlins, Jonathan Mark. "Exploring the suitability of causal loop diagrams to assess the value chains of aquatic ecosystem services: a case study of the Baviaanskloof, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4909.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Healthy, functioning aquatic ecosystems are fundamental to the survival and development of any nation, particularly so for water-stressed countries like South Africa. Aquatic ecosystem services (AESs) are becoming increasingly recognised for their importance to society with regards to the ecological goods and services they provide in terms of health, social, cultural and economic benefits. The development of markets for AESs begins with a clear understanding of the nature and extent of the goods and services provided by aquatic ecosystems. However, an inclusive understanding of AESs and their associated values is currently lacking in South Africa. Although flows of ecosystem services provide a nearly limitless set of valuable properties, a large proportion of their services remain unpriced or inaccurately priced through traditional neo-classical markets. This often results in market failure, as these markets do not reflect the full social costs and/or benefits of ecosystem services. This provides incentive to identify and develop a tool to bridge the gap between ecosystem service valuation and practical, sustainable management recommendations for improving the provision of ecosystem services and their associated markets. This study explores the suitability of causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to assess the value chains of AESs in South Africa within the context of a case study. AESs do not usually have finite market values nor are they traded in formal markets, thus, a traditional approach to value chain analysis is unsuitable. A professional workshop environment was utilised to facilitate a transdisciplinary approach towards identifying relevant AESs and their complex inputs, interactions and trade-offs. Numerous CLDs were developed in an effort to map the complex relationships between these AESs and their associated inputs, which formed the basis to attempt subsequent scenario analyses and 'alternative' value chain analyses. The findings of this study show that CLDs have the potential to qualitatively identify challenges and opportunities within the value chains of AESs. Thus, the use of such 'alternative' value chain analyses can directly contribute towards the development of recommendations for improving sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems.
4

Campanale, Letizia. "Integrated study and modelling of the factors affecting small-scale subsistence farming in eSwatini (southern Africa) through the use of causal diagrams and agent-based models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23940/.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
The dependence of small-scale subsistence farmers on natural resources highlighted the need of a transition towards a more sustainable management of resources. An extensive literature is available on the structural factors affecting small-scale agricultural production in developing countries, while few studies are available on the role of social dynamics on the capacity of the system to react to adverse conditions. What are then the social, economic and environmental factors affecting small-scale subsistence agriculture? and, what is the effect of social behaviours on the adoption of agricultural innovation? This study is based on the specific case of eSwatini (southern Africa). A causal loop diagram was adopted to show the cause–effect relationship between variables. The role played by social behaviors in the diffusion of innovation is explored with the use of agent-based modelling (ABM). The model is based on agents, environment, links and five processes: crop production, social learning, individual learning, decision making, and resource recovery. In the simulation three farming behaviours can be adopted: no cropping, traditional practices or conservation agriculture (CA). The ABM was implemented in the Netlogo 6.2.0 platform. The case study is supported by scientific literature and interviews with local stakeholders. The results highlight the role of gender equality in the diffusion of knowledge. The model was run with and without gender equality for 10, 25 and 50 cycles representing farming seasons. The results show an increase in the spread of CA in the scenarios with no gender discrimination for which the rate of innovation adoption is faster. Moreover, the study casts light on the role of social learning and its dependence on training and education centres for the diffusion of new behaviours. Also, results show how an increase in the number of learning centres leads to a higher rate of knowledge diffusion.
5

Comrie, Emma L. "Explaining the role of Twitter in the amplification and attenuation of risk during health risk events through causal loop diagrams : a comparative study of Nova Scotia and Scotland." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24950.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
The goal of the research is to support the development of an effective communication strategy within public health through social media. Drawing upon the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), developed by Kasperson et al. (1988) as the theoretical basis, this research explores and compares the use of Twitter by health organisations during health risk events. The research focuses on Twitter as an information channel and its role in the amplification and attenuation of risk events. The empirical research employs a two case comparative case study approach in which data was collected from participants in health organisations in Nova Scotia and Scotland. The data collection method was semi-structured interviews. The interview data was analysed through a thematic analysis to identify the main themes emerging from the data. Lastly, a causal loop diagram was developed to model the interdependencies among factors during a risk event. The research found that health organisations were using Twitter as a means of strengthening risk communication strategies. The use of Twitter had an increasingly important role within communication showing that it had a role in increasing credibility and trust in the organisation; a way of pushing and pulling information and a means of direct communication. However, the participatory, interactive nature of Twitter provided challenges for these organisations. Theoretical contributions are made to the extant body of research relating to SARF, extending the application of the framework to Twitter. Also, more widely, to the field of risk communication identifying that Twitter is a medium through which information can both be pushed and pulled by organisations. Methodological contributions are made by applying causal loop diagramming to SARF. The use of causal loop diagrams enhances the SARF tool-kit providing a tool that models relationships between factors during a risk event. This methodology could be used by others and applied in other areas related to SARF.
6

Cortes, Taísa Rodrigues. "Utilização de diagramas causais em confundimento e viés de seleção." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8442.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Apesar do crescente reconhecimento do potencial dos diagramas causais por epidemiologistas, essa técnica ainda é pouco utilizada na investigação epidemiológica. Uma das possíveis razões é que muitos temas de investigação exigem modelos causais complexos. Neste trabalho, a relação entre estresse ocupacional e obesidade é utilizada como um exemplo de aplicação de diagramas causais em questões relacionadas a confundimento. São apresentadas etapas da utilização dos diagramas causais, incluindo a construção do gráfico acíclico direcionado, seleção de variáveis para ajuste estatístico e a derivação das implicações estatísticas de um diagrama causal. A principal vantagem dos diagramas causais é tornar explícitas as hipóteses adjacentes ao modelo considerado, permitindo que suas implicações possam ser analisadas criticamente, facilitando, desta forma, a identificação de possíveis fontes de viés e incerteza nos resultados de um estudo epidemiológico.
Despite the increasing recognition of the potential of causal diagrams by epidemiologists, this technique has not been widely used in epidemiological research. One possible reason is that many research topics require complex causal models. In this article, the relationship between occupational stress and obesity is used as an example of application of causal diagrams on confounding. Some steps are presented, including the construction of the directed acyclic graph, the selection of variables for statistical control and the derivation of the statistical implications of a causal diagram. The main advantage of causal diagrams is to make the assumptions explicit, thus facilitating critical evaluations and the identification of possible sources of bias and uncertainty in the results of an epidemiological study.
7

Arévalo, Mejía Julia Elvira, and Alania Macario charles Sobero. "“Incumplimiento con la calidad adecuada en los procesos constructivos de obras de edificación”, caso de estudio de centro comercial." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653704.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
El presente trabajo se enfoca en la mejora de la calidad concerniente a los elementos estructurales de un centro comercial, a efectos de reducir y minimizar las No Conformidades más relevantes que se presentaron en obra. El proyecto se basó en la construcción y ampliación de locatarios de un centro comercial que tendrá como fin su alquiler. Mediante la aplicación del Análisis Causa Raíz y con las herramientas de diagrama de Ishikawa y diagrama de Pareto, se pudo encontrar las posibles causas del incumplimiento de la calidad en los elementos estructurales, las que subsecuente se validaron a fin de determinar acciones correctivas. En el primer capítulo se señala el planteamiento del problema, problemas principales, secundarios, justificación del estudio, limitación y los objetivos generales y específicos. En el Segundo Capitulo se señala el marco teórico, donde menciona la calidad en el Perú, la gestión de la calidad total, los costos de la calidad en la construcción, ingeniería de la calidad y definiciones. En el tercer capítulo se indica la utilización del Análisis Causa Raíz, las herramientas Diagrama Causa Efecto y Diagrama de Pareto. En el cuarto capítulo, se presenta el desarrollo del análisis de causa raíz mediante una secuencia de pasos. En el quinto capítulo, La Evaluación Económica, Presupuesto de obra, Costo de Reparación y Análisis del Gasto Incurrido. Finalmente, en el capítulo seis, se presentará las conclusiones y recomendaciones del presente trabajo.
This work focuses on quality improvement concerning the structural elements of a shopping center, in order to reduce and minimize the most relevant Non-Conformities that occurred on site. The project was based on the construction and expansion of tenants of a shopping center that will be rented as its purpose. By applying the Root Cause Analysis and using the Ishikawa diagram and Pareto diagram tools, it was possible to find the possible causes of quality noncompliance in the structural elements, which were subsequently validated in order to determine corrective actions. In the first chapter the problem statement, main and secondary problems, justification for the study, limitation and general and specific objectives are indicated. In the Second Chapter the theoretical framework is pointed out, where it mentions the quality in Peru, the total quality management, the costs of quality in construction, quality engineering and definitions. The third chapter indicates the use of Root Cause Analysis, the Cause Effect Diagram and Pareto Diagram tools. In the fourth chapter, the development of root cause analysis is presented using a sequence of steps. In the fifth chapter, The Economic Evaluation, Construction Budget, Repair Cost and Incurred Expense Analysis. Finally, in chapter six, the conclusions and recommendations of this work will be presented.
Trabajo de investigación
8

Čapek, Michal. "Dynacorp Prototyp deskové manažerské hry pro podporu systémového myšlení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198446.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
The thesis is focused on promoting the training of systems thinking using board game. The primary goal is to create a board game, useful for training of the information managers. The secondary objective is to describe process of the design and creation of board game. The theoretical basis of the thesis is to define the profile information manager and demands for his skills further description of the principles of systems thinking and game theory. External work output is a prototype board game. The theoretical part of the paper discusses in particular the principles of board game , systems thinking and psychological effect on the player so that it can pass through the game players more experience. From the perspective of the theory of systems thinking are discussed and applied basic principles of feedback, causal thinking and system archetypes. Theory of board games then processes the options and mechanisms to transmit the necessary knowledge and experience. In the practical part thesis focuses on the description of the mechanisms used in the game Dynacorp and their justification in terms of teaching systems thinking. Conclusion The paper evaluates the fulfillment of the set objectives, the potential of game and describes future goals.
9

Pressat-Laffouilhère, Thibaut. "Modèle ontologique formel, un appui à la sélection des variables pour la construction des modèles multivariés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR104.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Répondre à une question de recherche causale dans un contexte d’étude observationnelle nécessite desélectionner des variables de confusion. Leur intégration dans un modèle multivarié en tant que co-variablespermet de diminuer le biais dans l’estimation de l'effet causal de l'exposition sur le critère de jugement. Leuridentification est réalisée grâce à des diagrammes causaux (DCs) ou des graphes orientés acycliques. Cesreprésentations, composées de noeuds et d'arcs orientés, permettent d’éviter la sélection de variables quiaugmenteraient le biais, comme les variables de médiation et de collision. Les méthodes existantes deconstruction de DCs manquent cependant de systématisme et leur représentation de formalisme, d’expressivité etde complétude. Afin de proposer un cadre de construction formel et complet capable de représenter toutes lesinformations nécessaires à la sélection des variables sur un DC enrichi, d’analyser ce DC et surtout d’expliquerles résultats de cette analyse, nous avons proposé d'utiliser un modèle ontologique enrichi de règles d'inférences.Un modèle ontologique permet notamment de représenter les connaissances sous la forme de graphe expressif etformel composé de classes et de relations similaires aux noeuds et arcs des DCs. Nous avons développél’ontologie OntoBioStat (OBS) à partir d’une liste de questions de compétence liée à la sélection des variables etde l'analyse de la littérature scientifique relative aux DCs et aux ontologies. Le cadre de construction d’OBS estplus riche que celui d’un DC, intégrant des éléments implicites tels que les causes nécessaires, contextuels d’uneétude, sur l’incertitude de la connaissance et sur la qualité du jeu de données correspondant. Afin d’évaluerl’apport d’OBS, nous l’avons utilisée pour représenter les variables d’une étude observationnelle publiée etavons confronté ses conclusions à celle d’un DC. OBS a permis d'identifier de nouvelles variables de confusiongrâce au cadre de construction différent des DCs et aux axiomes et règles d'inférence. OBS a également étéutilisée pour représenter une étude rétrospective en cours d’analyse : le modèle a permis d’expliquer dans unpremier temps les corrélations statistiques retrouvées entre les variables de l’étude puis de mettre en évidence lespotentielles variables de confusion et leurs éventuels substituts ("proxys"). Les informations sur la qualité desdonnées et l’incertitude des relations causales ont quant à elles facilité la proposition des analyses de sensibilité,augmentant la robustesse de la conclusion de l’étude. Enfin, les inférences ont été expliquées grâce aux capacitésde raisonnement offertes par le formalisme de représentation d'OBS. À terme OBS sera intégrée dans des outilsd’analyse statistique afin de bénéficier des bibliothèques existantes pour la sélection des variables et de permettreson utilisation par les épidémiologistes et les biostatisticiens
Responding to a causal research question in the context of observational studies requires the selection ofconfounding variables. Integrating them into a multivariate model as co-variables helps reduce bias in estimatingthe true causal effect of exposure on the outcome. Identification is achieved through causal diagrams (CDs) ordirected acyclic graphs (DAGs). These representations, composed of nodes and directed arcs, prevent theselection of variables that would introduce bias, such as mediating and colliding variables. However, existingmethods for constructing CDs lack systematic approaches and exhibit limitations in terms of formalism,expressiveness, and completeness. To offer a formal and comprehensive framework capable of representing allnecessary information for variable selection on an enriched CD, analyzing this CD, and, most importantly,explaining the analysis results, we propose utilizing an ontological model enriched with inference rules. Anontological model allows for representing knowledge in the form of an expressive and formal graph consisting ofclasses and relations similar to the nodes and arcs of Cds. We developed the OntoBioStat (OBS) ontology basedon a list of competency questions about variable selection and an analysis of scientific literature on CDs andontologies. The construction framework of OBS is richer than that of a CD, incorporating implicit elements likenecessary causes, study context, uncertainty in knowledge, and data quality. To evaluate the contribution of OBS,we used it to represent variables from a published observational study and compared its conclusions with thoseof a CD. OBS identified new confounding variables due to its different construction framework and the axiomsand inference rules. OBS was also used to represent an ongoing retrospective study analysis. The modelexplained statistical correlations found between study variables and highlighted potential confounding variablesand their possible substitutes (proxies). Information on data quality and causal relation uncertainty facilitatedproposing sensitivity analyses, enhancing the study's conclusion robustness. Finally, inferences were explainedthrough the reasoning capabilities provided by OBS's formal representation. Ultimately, OBS will be integratedinto statistical analysis tools to leverage existing libraries for variable selection, making it accessible toepidemiologists and biostatisticians
10

Laurenti, Rafael. "The Karma of Products : Exploring the Causality of Environmental Pressure with Causal Loop Diagram and Environmental Footprint." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184223.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Environmental pressures from consumer products and mechanisms of predetermination were examined in this thesis using causal loop diagram (CLD) and life cycle assessment (LCA) footprinting to respectively illustrate and provide some indicators about these mechanisms. Theoretical arguments and their practical implications were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis, using secondary and primary data. A study integrating theories from various research fields indicated that combining product-service system offerings and environmental policy instruments can be a salient aspect of the system change required for decoupling economic growth from consumption and environmental impacts. In a related study, modes of system behaviour identified were related to some pervasive sustainability challenges to the design of electronic products. This showed that because of consumption and investment dynamics, directing consumers to buy more expensive products in order to restrict their availability of money and avoid increased consumption will not necessarily decrease the total negative burden of consumption. In a study examining product systems, those of washing machines and passenger cars were modelled to identify variables causing environmental impacts through feedback loops, but left outside the scope of LCA studies. These variables can be considered in LCAs through scenario and sensitivity analysis. The carbon, water and energy footprint of leather processing technologies was measured in a study on 12 tanneries in seven countries, for which collection of primary data (even with narrow systems boundaries) proved to be very challenging. Moreover, there were wide variations in the primary data from different tanneries, demonstrating that secondary data should be used with caution in LCA of leather products. A study examining pre-consumer waste developed a footprint metric capable of improving knowledge and awareness among producers and consumers about the total waste generated in the course of producing products. The metric was tested on 10 generic consumer goods and showed that quantities, types and sources of waste generation can differ quite radically between product groups. This revealed a need for standardised ways to convey the environmental and scale of significance of waste types and for an international standard procedure for quantification and communication of product waste footprint. Finally, a planning framework was developed to facilitate inclusion of unintended environmental consequences when devising improvement actions. The results as a whole illustrate the quality and relevance of CLD; the problems with using secondary data in LCA studies; difficulties in acquiring primary data; a need for improved waste declaration in LCA and a standardised procedure for calculation and communication of the waste footprint of products; and systems change opportunities for product engineers, designers and policy makers.

Jury committee

Henrikke Baumann, Associate Professor

Chalmers University of Technology

Department of Energy and Environment

Division of Environmental System Analysis

Joakim Krook, Associate Professor

Linköpings Universitet

Department of Management and Engineering (IEI) / Environmental Technology and Management (MILJÖ)

Karl Johan Bonnedal, Associate Professor

Umeå University

Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE)

Sofia Ritzén, Professor

KTH Royal Institute of Technology

School of Industrial Engineering and Management

Department of Machine Design

Integrated Product Development

QC 20160405

More sources

Books on the topic "Causal Diagrams":

1

Isakov, Vladimir. Speak the language of schemes. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860649.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Schematization and visualization are the necessary means to ensure the activity of a modern specialist. Schematization allows you to highlight the main thing in an object, to discover its constituent elements, to show their relationship, gives impetus to the construction of conceptual approaches. Visualization "dresses" schematic concepts in a bright, expressive artistic and graphic form. The handbook provides descriptions of the most popular means of analytical graphics - maps, graphs, tables, graphs, diagrams, flowcharts (algorithms), chronolents, maps, methodological schemes, etc. The ways of using schemes for analyzing goals, causes, problems, versions are considered. A thematic dictionary of terms and definitions, a "hot twenty" useful schematization are given. For students, undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers of law schools and faculties, as well as for representatives of other specialties - everyone who draws diagrams and works with them.
2

Moseley, V. J. "Jon", Andreas Lampropoulos, Eftychia Apostolidi, and Christos Giarlelis. Characteristic Seismic Failures of Buildings. Edited by Stephanos E. Dritsos. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed016.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
<p>Earthquakes can cause considerable fatalities, injuries and financial loss. The forces of nature cannot be blamed, as the problem lies with the structures in seismic regions that may not have been designed or constructed to a sufficient degree to resist earthquake actions or they may have design flaws. This Structural Engineering Document (SED) concerns reinforced concrete and masonry buildings together with geotechnical aspects and presents in a concise and practical way the state of the art of current understanding of building failures due to earthquakes. It classifies the different types of seismic failure, explains the reasons for each failure, describes good practices to avoid such failures and also describes seismic retrofitting/upgrading procedures for pre-earthquake strengthening and post-earthquake repair and/or strengthening techniques for deficient buildings. Carefully selected photographs and diagrams illustrate the different failure types. This document could be considered as quite unique, as this is the first time such material concerning characteristic seismic failures of buildings has been presented together in one single document. It is intended to be a valuable educational reference textbook aimed at all levels of experience of engineers. It provides background information, ideas, guidance and reassurance to engineers in earthquake regions faced with the task of building a safer future for the public and to protect lives. <p> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Oddi3VTtxCM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
3

Coecke, Bob, and Aleks Kissinger. Categorical Quantum Mechanics I: Causal Quantum Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
We derive the category-theoretic backbone of quantum theory from a process ontology. More specifically, we treat quantum theory as a theory of systems, processes, and their interactions. We first present a general theory of diagrams, and in particular, of string diagrams, and discuss why diagrams are a very natural starting point for developing scientific theories. Then we define process theories, and define a very general notion of quantum type. We show how our process ontology enables us to assert causality, that is, compatibility of quantum theory and relativity theory, prove the no-signalling theorem, provide a new elegant derivation of the no-broadcasting theorem, unitarity of evolution, and Stinespring dilation, all for any `quantum' type in a general class of process theories.
4

Garcia, Juan Martin. Feedbacks. from Causal Diagrams to System Thinking: Manage Dynamical Systems in Business, Econony, Biology and Social Sciences, Using Balancing and Reinforcing Loops. Independently Published, 2018.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hoyle, Rick H. Applications of structural equation modelling in clinical and health psychology research. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198527565.003.0020.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
This chapter discusses applications of structural equation modelling (SEM, or causal modelling) in clinical and health psychology research. It outlines path diagrams, measurement models, structural models, the inclusion of latent variables, validity (factorial and construct), and measurement invariance. Structural hypotheses are also explored, along with caveats for the use of SEM.
6

Wittman, David M. Time Skew. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.003.0006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
This chapter explores one major consequence of the invariance of c: events that are simultaneous in one frame are not necessarily simultaneous in other frames.We will find that the time coordinates of events are just as frame‐dependent as their positions. This is no accident, but a symmetry between space and time. Viewed in a spacetime diagram, a frame change rotates the grid lines marking time just as much as it rotates the grid lines marking position; this preserves c as the same speed in all frames. Along the way, we practice using skewed grids in spacetime diagrams: identifying the time coordinates of events, identifying events that are simultaneous in a given frame, and adding velocities. Although the skewed grids change the time coordinates of events and even their order in time, we show that they do not change causal relationships between events.
7

Kern, Johannes. Utilizar con éxito Los Diagramas de Causa-Efecto: El Diagrama de Ishikawa en la Teoría y la Práctica. Independently Published, 2021.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zaanen, Jan. On Time. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780198920793.001.0001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Abstract This text revolves around a new and unusual view on the most fundamental puzzle of physics. It focusses on the key aspect that makes the role of the time dimension fundamentally different, dealing on the one hand with general relativity and quantum theory, and on the other hand: causality. The implicit and intuitive way by which causality is usually taken for granted is just made explicit and less self-evident, shedding new light on the gravity–quantum conflict. The case is made that gravity is a necessary condition for a causal universe. But upon turning to the ‘pure’ unitary quantum physics explaining the nature of matter, one is dealing with the strictly acausal time expressed through the thermal quantum field theory machinery. When this acausal microscopic and causal macroscopic world meet, one encounters the wavefunction collapse, that itself may be rooted in the quantum–gravity conflict. Modern ideas are discussed resting on eigenstate thermalization, showing how this may lie eventually at the origin of the irreversible thermodynamics, with its famous second law setting also a direction of time. The case is anchored in the sophisticated modern mathematical machinery of both general relativity and quantum physics, which is typically barely disseminated beyond the theoretical physics floors. The book is unique in the regard that the consequences of this machinery—Riemannian geometry and Penrose diagrams, thermal quantum fields, quantum non-equilibrium, and so forth—are explained in an original, descriptive language, conveying the conceptual consequences while avoiding mathematical technicalities.
9

Matthews, Philippa C. Infections caused by mycobacteria. Edited by Philippa C. Matthews. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737773.003.0003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and Mycobacterium leprae. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
10

Matthews, Philippa C. Infections caused by DNA viruses. Edited by Philippa C. Matthews. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737773.003.0008.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
This chapter consists of short notes, diagrams, and tables to summarize DNA viruses that are significant causes of disease in the tropics and subtropics. This includes pox viruses and hepatitis B virus. For ease of reference, each topic is broken down into sections, including classification, epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Causal Diagrams":

1

Turner, J. Rick. "Causal Diagrams." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 360–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_993.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Turner, J. Rick. "Causal Diagrams." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 401–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_993.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Greenland, Sander, and Judea Pearl. "Causal Diagrams." In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, 208–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_162.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Huntington-Klein, Nick. "Causal Diagrams." In The Effect, 87–100. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003226055-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Inghels, Dirk. "Causal Loop Diagrams." In Introduction to Modeling Sustainable Development in Business Processes, 149–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58422-1_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bala, Bilash Kanti, Fatimah Mohamed Arshad, and Kusairi Mohd Noh. "Causal Loop Diagrams." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 37–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2045-2_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Barbrook-Johnson, Pete, and Alexandra S. Penn. "Causal Loop Diagrams." In Systems Mapping, 47–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01919-7_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
AbstractThis chapter introduces Causal Loop Diagrams. We explore what exactly Causal Loop Diagrams are, describe how you can use them, take a step back to consider common issues and ‘tricks of the trade’, as well as present a brief history of the development of the method. This chapter can be viewed as a companion to Chap. 10.1007/978-3-031-01919-7_8 on System Dynamics; these two methods are closely related. Causal Loop Diagrams emerged from Systems Dynamics practice, and though it is a systems mapping method in its own right now, it is still often used as a stepping-stone to the development of System Dynamics models.
8

Sherwood, Dennis. "Causal Loop Diagrams." In Strategic Thinking Illustrated, 23–36. New York: Productivity Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003304050-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Huntington-Klein, Nick. "Drawing Causal Diagrams." In The Effect, 101–14. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003226055-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Salmon, Paul M., Neville A. Stanton, Guy H. Walker, Adam Hulme, Natassia Goode, Jason Thompson, and Gemma J. M. Read. "Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs)." In Handbook of Systems Thinking Methods, 157–80. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429281624-11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Causal Diagrams":

1

Erwig, Martin, and Eric Walkingshaw. "Causal Reasoning with Neuron Diagrams." In 2010 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlhcc.2010.23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lübke, Karsten, and Matthias Gehrke. "Causal Diagrams for Descriptive Statistics." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t3b1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Without random sampling and/or random allocation, even descriptive statistics such as simple means or proportions can be quite misleading. Therefore, causal diagrams were added to existing course materials to address this topic and to illustrate the differences between random and convenience samples and between observational and experimental studies. We assessed student understanding in different courses with a pre-/post-survey. Additionally, we asked students to evaluate the helpfulness of the diagrams for their understanding. There is a statistically discernible positive effect with 280 students from more than seven different courses on pre- to post-knowledge. Also, most of the students agreed with the statement that the causal diagrams helped in their understanding.
3

Fox, James, Tom Everitt, Ryan Carey, Eric Langlois, Alessandro Abate, and Michael Wooldridge. "PyCID: A Python Library for Causal Influence Diagrams." In Python in Science Conference. SciPy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25080/majora-1b6fd038-008.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Niu, Xueyan, Xiaoyun Li, and Ping Li. "Learning Cluster Causal Diagrams: An Information-Theoretic Approach." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/675.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Many real-world phenomena arise from causal relationships among a set of variables. As a powerful tool, Bayesian Network (BN) has been successful in describing high-dimensional distributions. However, the faithfulness condition, enforced in most BN learning algorithms, is violated in the settings where multiple variables synergistically affect the outcome (i.e., with polyadic dependencies). Building upon recent development in cluster causal diagrams (C-DAGs), we initiate the formal study of learning C-DAGs from observational data to relax the faithfulness condition. We propose a new scoring function, the Clustering Information Criterion (CIC), based on information-theoretic measures that represent various complex interactions among variables. The CIC score also contains a penalization of the model complexity under the minimum description length principle. We further provide a searching strategy to learn structures of high scores. Experiments on both synthetic and real data support the effectiveness of the proposed method.
5

Zhang, Pan, Raúl Leal Ascencio, and Giles Poulsom. "Exploring Mobile Banking Adoption through Causal-Loop Diagrams." In 4th European International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/eu04.20210174.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Subramonyam, Hari, Eytan Adar, Priti Shah, and Colleen M. Seifert. "Causal Pattern Diagrams in Science Texts Support Explanation." In 18th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS) 2024. International Society of the Learning Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22318/icls2024.106268.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Jaber, Amin, Jiji Zhang, and Elias Bareinboim. "On Causal Identification under Markov Equivalence." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/859.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
In this work, we investigate the problem of computing an experimental distribution from a combination of the observational distribution and a partial qualitative description of the causal structure of the domain under investigation. This description is given by a partial ancestral graph (PAG) that represents a Markov equivalence class of causal diagrams, i.e., diagrams that entail the same conditional independence model over observed variables, and is learnable from the observational data. Accordingly, we develop a complete algorithm to compute the causal effect of an arbitrary set of intervention variables on an arbitrary outcome set.
8

Miłosz, Marek, and Aida Kozhanova. "BUILDING DYNAMIC MODELS OF TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS USING CAUSAL DIAGRAMS." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2016.0464.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bureš, Vladimír. "Causal Loop Diagrams and Automated Identification of Feedbacks in Economic Systems." In Hradec Economic Days 2021, edited by Jan Maci, Petra Maresova, Krzysztof Firlej, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2021-01-012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Dhaou, Fatma, Ines Mouakher, J. Christian Attiogbé, and Khaled Bsaies. "A Causal Semantics for UML2.0 Sequence Diagrams with Nested Combined Fragments." In 12th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006314100470056.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Causal Diagrams":

1

Blake, Carolyn, Benjamin P. Rigby, Roxanne Armstrong-Moore, Peter Barbrook-Johnson, Nigel Gilbert, Mohammad Hassannezhad, Petra Meier, et al. Participatory systems mapping for population health research, policy and practice: guidance on method choice and design. University of Glasgow, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.316563.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
What is participatory systems mapping? Participatory systems mapping engages stakeholders with varied knowledge and perspectives in creating a visual representation of a complex system. Its purpose is to explore, and document perceived causal relations between elements in the system. This guidance focuses on six causal systems mapping methods: systems-based theory of change maps; causal loop diagrams; CECAN participatory systems mapping; fuzzy cognitive maps; systems dynamics models; and Bayesian belief networks. What is the purpose of this guidance? This guidance includes a Framework that aids the choice and design of participatory systems mapping approaches for population health research, policy and practice. It offers insights on different systems mapping approaches, by comparing them and highlighting their applications in the population health domain. This guidance also includes case studies, signposting to further reading and resources, and recommendations on enhancing stakeholder involvement in systems mapping. Who is this guidance for? This guidance is designed for anyone interested in using participatory systems mapping, regardless of prior knowledge or experience. It primarily responds to calls to support the growing demand for systems mapping (and systems-informed approaches more broadly) in population health research, policy and practice. This guidance can however also be applied to other disciplines. How was it developed? The guidance was created by an interdisciplinary research team through an iterative, rigorous fivestage process that included a scoping review, key informant interviews, and a consultation exercise with subject experts. What is the ‘Participatory Systems Design Framework’ included in this guidance? The Design Framework supports users to choose between different methods and enhance the design of participatory systems mapping projects. Specifically, it encourages users to consider: 1) the added value of adopting a participatory approach to systems mapping; 2) the differences between methods, including their relative advantages and disadvantages; and 3) the feasibility of using particular methods for a given purpose. An editable version of the Framework is available to download as a supplementary file. How will this guidance support future use of these methods? Participatory systems mapping is an exciting and evolving field. This guidance clarifies and defines the use of these methods in population health research, policy and practice, to encourage more thoughtful and purposeful project design, implementation, and reporting. The guidance also identifies several aspects for future research and development: methodological advancements; advocating for and strengthening participatory approaches; strengthening reporting; understanding and demonstrating the use of maps; and developing skills for the design and use of these methods.
2

Fernando, P. U. Ashvin Iresh, Gilbert Kosgei, Matthew Glasscott, Garrett George, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Boronic acid functionalized ferrocene derivatives towards fluoride sensing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44762.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
In this technical report (TR), a robust, readily synthesized molecule with a ferrocene core appended with one or two boronic acid moieties was designed, synthesized, and used toward F- (free fluoride) detection. Through Lewis acid-base interactions, the boronic acid derivatives are capable of binding with F- in an aqueous solution via ligand exchange reaction and is specific to fluoride ion. Fluoride binding to ferrocene causes significant changes in fluorescence or electrochemical responses that can be monitored with field-portable instrumentation at concentrations below the WHO recommended limit. The F- binding interaction was further monitored via proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). In addition, fluorescent spectroscopy of the boronic acid moiety and electrochemical monitoring of the ferrocene moiety will allow detection and estimation of F- concentration precisely in a solution matrix. The current work shows lower detection limit (LOD) of ~15 μM (285 μg/L) which is below the WHO standards. Preliminary computational calculations showed the boronic acid moieties attached to the ferrocene core interacted with the fluoride ion. Also, the ionization diagrams indicate the amides and the boronic acid groups can be ionized forming strong ionic interactions with fluoride ions in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions.
3

Chien, Stanley, Lauren Christopher, Yaobin Chen, Mei Qiu, and Wei Lin. Origin-Destination Vehicle Counts in Weaving Area Utilizing Existing Field Data. Purdue University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317719.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Vehicle weaving describes the vehicle lane changes in areas between consecutive merge and diverge ramp junctions. During heavy traffic, vehicle weaving will slow down traffic, cause congestion, and increase the possibility of crashes. It is desirable to automatically capture the weaving information using camera videos in the weaving areas. The currently existing weaving area analysis is very tedious and labor-intensive. This report describes a novel system that uses the videos simultaneously captured at the entry and exit of the weaving area to find the number and percentage of vehicles from each lane on the entry to each lane on the exit. The system provides a convenient user interface, uses AI techniques to detect vehicles from camera videos, uses vehicle motion to identify the lanes, tracks and matches the vehicles at the entry and exit in the lane level, and presents the weaving analysis result in a user-friendly Sankey diagram. Compared to the other existing weaving analysis methods, this system can reduce the human work hours by at least 90%.
4

McNaught, Tim. A Problem-Driven Approach to Education Reform: The Story of Sobral in Brazil. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/039.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
For more than two decades, the Brazilian municipality of Sobral has focused intensively on improving the quality of its public education system; the resulting success has been remarkable. In 2005, the Brazilian federal government started calculating a Basic Education Development Index (IDEB in Portuguese), which measures the quality of education in schools across the country. In the inaugural results in 2005, 1,365 municipalities had a better score for primary education than Sobral. By 2017, Sobral made national news by ranking number one in the entire country for both primary and lower secondary education (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). These results are even more impressive when considering that Sobral is located in the northeastern state of Ceará, which is the fifth poorest state in Brazil in terms of GDP per capita (Cruz and Loureiro, 2020). The case of Sobral exhibits many elements that are similar to Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA), an approach wherein problems are key to driving change (Andrews et al., 2015). The PDIA approach relies on reformers to identify problems that matter, break them down into their root causes, identify entry points, act, stop to reflect, and then iterate and adapt their way to a solution.1 This process of constant feedback and experimentation by local actors allows for the development of a solution that fits the local context. This paper explores the transformation of Sobral’s education system through the lens of PDIA2 , with an emphasis on the early reform period of 2000-2004. Many excellent papers have been written, in Portuguese and English, about the case of Sobral; this paper draws heavily on this existing literature.3 The paper is also supported by interviews from key individuals who either were closely involved with the reform efforts or have studied them. The paper follows the narrative of the Sobral story, starting in 1997, and uses boxes and other diagrams to view the reform efforts through the lens of PDIA. Finally, the paper explains how the reform efforts grew and scaled over the years, not only within Sobral, but also to other municipalities in Ceará and across Brazil.

To the bibliography