Dissertations / Theses: 'Cattle'

1

Koehler, Daniela. "Cloning in Cattle." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-99159.

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2

McMillan, Allison. "Dairy cattle grouping /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/dscisp/7.

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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: Edwin Jaster. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 21, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.

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3

Irrgang, Nora [Verfasser]. "Horns in cattle - implications of keeping horned cattle or not / Nora Irrgang." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037445961/34.

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4

Halami, Mohammad Yahya. "Circovirus Infection in Cattle." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155666.

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Circoviren sind kleine, unbehüllte Viren mit einem einzelsträngigen zirkulären DNA Genom mit eine Größe von 1,7 bis 2,4 kb. Das Porcine Circovirus Typ 2 (PCV2), welches zum Genus Circovirus gehört, ist mit einer Anzahl von Krankheitsmanifestationen verbunden worden, die heute als Porcine Circovirus Assoziierte Krankheiten (PCVAD) zusammengefasst sind. Die PCV2-Infektion bei Rindern ist bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt marginal erforscht worden. Serologische Untersuchungen auf Circovirus spezifische Antikörperführten zu widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen. Im Jahr 2007 wurde von der Bovinen Neonatalen Panzytopenie (BNP) in Europa mit unklarer Genese berichtet. Das klinisch - pathologische Bild der Hämorrhagien ähnelte dem Krankheitsbild der Infektiösen Anämie, welche durch ein Circovirus bei Hühnern verursacht wird. Deshalb wurde in dieser Studie eine Breitspektrum PCR zum Nachweis von Cirocvirus-Genomen durchgeführt. In 5 von 25 BNP betroffenen Kälbern konnte circovirale DNA nachgewiesen werden. Das komplette Genom wurde nachfolgend amplifiziert, kloniert und sequenziert. Das nachgewiesene Genom (PCV2-Ha08) hat eine Länge von 1768 Nukleotiden und zeigte eine hohe Homologie (bis zu 99%) mit PCV2-Genotyp b (siehe Publikation 1). Als Ursache der BNP ist vor kurzen die Übertragung von Alloantikörpern über das Kolostrum beschrieben wurden, welche die Zerstörungen von Leukozyten und Thrombozyten sowie deren Vorläuferzellen bewirken. Ungeachtet dessen war es wichtig, die Empfänglichkeit und Immunantwort von Kälbern nach experimenteller Infektion mit PCV2 zu studieren. Für diesen Zweck wurden weitere 181 Proben von BNP-Kälbern aus Deutschland mit Hilfe einer Breitspektrum-PCR getestet. In zwei von 181 Proben wurde PCV2 DNA nachgewiesen. Die vollständigen Sequenzen konnten amplifiziert werden. Während das erste Genom aus einer Blutprobe eines Kalbs in Bayern stammte (PCV2-Ha09), stammte das zweite nachgewiesene Genom aus Lunge und Gehirn von einem Kalb in Sachsen (PCV2-Ha10). Das Genom (PCV2-Ha09) besteht aus 1768 nt, währenddessen das Genom (PCV2-Ha10) aus 1767 nt aufgebaut ist (siehe Publikation 2). Weiterhin wurden die PCV2 Empfänglichkeit und die Immunantwort von Kälbern durch experimentellen PCV2 Inokulation sowie die Möglichkeit, eine Serokonversion nach Impfung mit einer kommerziellen PCV2 Vakzin zu entwickeln, untersucht. PCV2-spezifische Antikörper wurden in den PCV2-infizierten Tieren und in den PCV2-immunisierten Tieren im Tag 11 und 7 nach Inokulation (p.i.) nachgewiesen. PCV2-Genome wurden durch quantitative Realtime-PCR zwischen Tag 4 und Tag 46 p.i. nur in den Blutproben sowie in verschiedenen Geweben (z.B. Milz, Lymphknoten, Thymus) der PCV2-infizierten Tiere nachgewiesen. Das Genom, welches von den Lymphknoten der PCV2-infizierten Kälber erneut isoliert wurde, zeigt eine Identität von 99,9% gegenüber dem Inokulum. Dies weist möglicherweise auf adaptierte Mutationen im PCV2 Genom hin. Die Mutationen C1708T und G365C sind während der Infektionen aufgetreten. Die Sequenzanalyse zeigt eine mögliche adaptierte Mutation an der Aminosäure Nr. 105 in Replikationsgen (Met zu Ile) (siehe Publikation 3). Zusammenfassend kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass der Nachweis der PCV2 Genomen und eine experimentell induzierte Serokonversion möglich war. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Empfänglichkeit von PCV2 nicht allein auf Schweine begrenzt ist und eine Übertragung von PCV2 auf Rinder möglich ist.

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5

Theurer, Miles E. "Objective monitoring of cattle." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32794.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Robert L. Larson
Bradley J. White
There are multiple modalities available to evaluate health or stress status of animals. The objective of my research was to evaluate different modalities including behavior, rectal and nasal temperature, and blood samples to determine the relationship with these outcomes of interest in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) events, environmental conditions, transportation, and Mannheimia haemolytica challenge model. The objective for the final project was to determine whether diagnostic sensitivity or specificity resulted in greater economic value for the industry using simulation models for identification of BRD. There was a positive association with rectal temperature and probability of not finishing the production cycle normally, but this relationship was not linear. Rectal temperature of feedlot calves at first treatment for BRD had limited value as a prognostic indicator of whether those calves would finish the production cycle normally. A positive association between rectal temperature and ambient temperature and temperature-humidity index was determined. Environmental conditions must be considered when rectal temperature is used as a diagnostic tool. At 48 hours after initiation of transportation there were no differences in body weight, rectal temperature, and time spent at various locations in the pen detected between transported and non-transported control heifers. Transportation of heifers during periods of high ambient temperatures caused transient changes in physiologic and behavioral indices of heifers. Calves challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica had more changes in behavior, body weight, and blood biomarkers during high ambient temperatures compared to control calves. Results of this study may guide research in development of objective assessment tools for identification and management of cattle affected with BRD during extreme summer conditions. For both low and high apparent prevalence cohorts, increasing diagnostic specificity resulted in more rapid, positive change in net returns compared to change in increasing sensitivity. Improvement of diagnostic specificity, perhaps through a confirmatory test or pen-level diagnostics, can increase diagnostic value. Mortality risk was the primary driver for net returns. Results from this study are important for determining future research priorities to analyze diagnostic techniques for BRD and provide a novel way for modeling diagnostic tests.

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6

Wright, Ashley D. "Clostridial Diseases of Cattle." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625416.

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4 pp.
Vaccinating for clostridial diseases is an important part of a ranch health program. These infections can have significant economic impacts on the ranch due to animal losses. There are several diseases caused by different organisms from the genus Clostridia, and most of these are preventable with a sound vaccination program. Many of these infections can progress very rapidly; animals that were healthy yesterday are simply found dead with no observed signs of sickness. In most cases treatment is difficult or impossible, therefore we rely on vaccination to prevent infection. The most common organisms included in a 7-way or 8-way clostridial vaccine are discussed below. By understanding how these diseases occur, how quickly they can progress, and which animals are at risk you will have a chance to improve your herd health and prevent the potential economic losses that come with a clostridial disease outbreak.

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7

Kingdon, Lorraine B. "Computers, Cattle and Crops." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295614.

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8

Scharf, Bradley A. Spiers Donald E. "Comparison of thermoregulatory mechanisms in heat sensitive and tolerant breeds of Bos taurus cattle." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5689.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 5, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Don Spiers. Includes bibliographical references.

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9

Beatty, David Thomas. "Prolonged and continuous heat stress in cattle: physiology, welfare, and electrolyte and nutritional interventions." Thesis, Beatty, David Thomas (2005) Prolonged and continuous heat stress in cattle: physiology, welfare, and electrolyte and nutritional interventions. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/258/.

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The live export of cattle is an important industry for Australia. Concerns have arisen about animal welfare and in particular heat stress which may cause production losses and death. Cattle shipped live to the Middle East from a southern Australian winter can face continuous and prolonged periods of high heat and humidity as they cross the equator and arrive into a northern hemisphere summer, leading to heat stress and excessive heat load. Some live animal exporters treat heat stressed cattle with electrolyte supplements, but no scientific data exists as to whether this is beneficial to cattle in these unique environmental conditions. In response to industry's concerns, the experiments described here monitored the physiological responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus to conditions similar to those experienced by cattle being shipped from southern Australian to the Middle East. Initial experiments were conducted in climate controlled rooms at Murdoch University where intensive monitoring was possible. In the Bos taurus, increases in core body temperature, reductions in feed intake, and increased water intake were measured. There were also changes in blood gas variables consistent with the observed panting causing a compensated respiratory alkalosis. Following the heating period, there were decreases in blood and urinary pH. Bos indicus showed similar responses to the heat, but the changes were less pronounced at the temperatures tested. A pair feeding experiment was conducted to separate the effects of heat from the reductions in feed intake, and this indicated that the major measured effects were due to the responses to heat. On the basis of the measured responses, an electrolyte supplement was formulated and tested on Bos taurus, in the climate controlled rooms, and then on a commercial live export vessel. Results from these experiments indicated improved buffering capacity and a weight advantage for supplemented cattle, even in the absence of extreme heat stress. A final experiment investigated the effects of amount and quality of roughage in a pelleted feed on core and rumen temperature and feed intakes in Bos taurus subjected to hot environmental conditions in climate controlled rooms at Murdoch University. Both pelleted feeds had approximately the same metabolisable energy and crude protein but differed in content and type of roughage. There were no differences in feed intake, core temperature or rumen temperature between diets. This work has led to a greater understanding of the physiological responses of cattle to prolonged and continuous high heat and humidity, the requirements and effects of supplemental electrolytes in these conditions, and the effect of manipulating export diets. The demonstration of advantages in weight and buffering capacity with the electrolyte supplement highlights future areas of research to investigate electrolyte doses, route and types of supplementation, and dietary manipulation.

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10

Beatty, David Thomas. "Prolonged and continuous heat stress in cattle : physiology, welfare, and electrolyte and nutritional interventions /." Beatty, David Thomas (2005) Prolonged and continuous heat stress in cattle: physiology, welfare, and electrolyte and nutritional interventions. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/258/.

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The live export of cattle is an important industry for Australia. Concerns have arisen about animal welfare and in particular heat stress which may cause production losses and death. Cattle shipped live to the Middle East from a southern Australian winter can face continuous and prolonged periods of high heat and humidity as they cross the equator and arrive into a northern hemisphere summer, leading to heat stress and excessive heat load. Some live animal exporters treat heat stressed cattle with electrolyte supplements, but no scientific data exists as to whether this is beneficial to cattle in these unique environmental conditions. In response to industry's concerns, the experiments described here monitored the physiological responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus to conditions similar to those experienced by cattle being shipped from southern Australian to the Middle East. Initial experiments were conducted in climate controlled rooms at Murdoch University where intensive monitoring was possible. In the Bos taurus, increases in core body temperature, reductions in feed intake, and increased water intake were measured. There were also changes in blood gas variables consistent with the observed panting causing a compensated respiratory alkalosis. Following the heating period, there were decreases in blood and urinary pH. Bos indicus showed similar responses to the heat, but the changes were less pronounced at the temperatures tested. A pair feeding experiment was conducted to separate the effects of heat from the reductions in feed intake, and this indicated that the major measured effects were due to the responses to heat. On the basis of the measured responses, an electrolyte supplement was formulated and tested on Bos taurus, in the climate controlled rooms, and then on a commercial live export vessel. Results from these experiments indicated improved buffering capacity and a weight advantage for supplemented cattle, even in the absence of extreme heat stress. A final experiment investigated the effects of amount and quality of roughage in a pelleted feed on core and rumen temperature and feed intakes in Bos taurus subjected to hot environmental conditions in climate controlled rooms at Murdoch University. Both pelleted feeds had approximately the same metabolisable energy and crude protein but differed in content and type of roughage. There were no differences in feed intake, core temperature or rumen temperature between diets. This work has led to a greater understanding of the physiological responses of cattle to prolonged and continuous high heat and humidity, the requirements and effects of supplemental electrolytes in these conditions, and the effect of manipulating export diets. The demonstration of advantages in weight and buffering capacity with the electrolyte supplement highlights future areas of research to investigate electrolyte doses, route and types of supplementation, and dietary manipulation.

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11

Martin, Brandon Ray. "Pyrolysis and ignition behavior of coal, cattle biomass, and coal/cattle biomass blends." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1148.

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12

Jung, Jens. "Foraging behaviour in cattle : suckling, begging and grazing in tropical and European cattle /." Skara : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5943-5.pdf.

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13

Afolayan, Raphael Abiodun. "Genetics of growth and development in cattle." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha2579.pdf.

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14

Schmulian, Amy. "Identification of the polled trait in Bonsmara cattle using microsatelite markers." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08042008-131606.

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15

Koontz, Stephen R. "Interaction between the cattle feeding sector and the live cattle futures market: implications to the stability of short-run cash slaughter cattle prices." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50036.

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The short-run interaction between the cattle feeding sector, as represented by Cattle Fax member feedlots, and the live cattle futures market is examined. The purpose of this research is to explore the simultaneity between placement decisions made in the cattle feeding sector and the price discovery process for distant contracts within the live cattle futures market. The efficiency of these processes will have implications to variability in supplies and thus, cash market prices for fed cattle. Input demand functions for feeder cattle were estimated as a function of numerous economic and technical factors. These modeling efforts reveal that cattle feeders consistently use distant futures prices in the formulation of expected prices when making placement decisions. Lead/lag analyses were conducted between the Cattle Fax placement series and the live cattle futures price series. Results from Granger type models reveal the live cattle futures market efficiently gathers and incorporates information on future supply conditions in the price discovery process for distant contracts. The recursive system created by these two models was examined and was found to be stable. The emergence of new information, pertinent to the feeding sector and the live cattle futures market, will cause orderly shifts to new equilibrium levels of placements of cattle on feed and distant live cattle futures prices. This research supports the conclusion that, because of the nature of the interaction between the live cattle futures market and the cattle feeding sector, the existence of the live cattle futures market aids in stabilizing the flow of cattle placed on feed. The results of stable flows of cattle placed on feed should be relatively stable flows of fed cattle marketings, and relatively more stable cash slaughter cattle prices.
Master of Science
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16

Fox, Shannon. "Worker injuries involving the interaction of cattle, cattle handlers, and farm structures or equipment." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13167.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
J. Ernest Minton
Mitchell Ricketts
Cattle and other livestock have been identified as leading sources of injuries to workers in agriculture. Cattle handling injuries can be serious and often appear to be under-reported [superscript]3,[superscript]4. Many of these injuries involve predictable patterns of interactions among victims, animals, and fixed farmstead structures or gates. There has been some progress toward developing safer facility designs and work procedures, but continuing reports of injuries suggest further efforts are still needed. The present study focused on worker injuries that involved the interaction of three elements: (a) cattle, (b) cattle handlers, and (c) farm structures or equipment—including swinging gates and stationary barriers. The goal of the study was to identify opportunities for injury prevention. The source of injury cases was the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)[superscript]29,[superscript]45. We believe this is the first report of cattle related injuries based on NEISS data. We selected the NEISS database for this investigation because it includes product codes for many farmstead barriers such as fences, walls, and doors. The database was also selected because it contains brief narratives that help to describe the circumstances of each incident. Predictable interactions between humans, animals, and farm structures led to many of the cattle handling injuries reported in the NEISS database. In almost 30% of cases, cattle pushed workers into structures such as fences, gates, posts, and walls. In another 16-19% of injuries, cattle struck gates and other objects, propelling them at the victims. These percentages are similar to findings reported in previous studies that drew on data from New York hospitals[superscript]10, news reports in the central United States[superscript]5, and workers compensation cases in Colorado[superscript]3,[superscript]4. In all, gates and other physical barriers contributed to about 45% of cattle handling injuries in the present study.

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17

Pelly, Robert A. "An investigation of options pricing models for live cattle and feeder cattle futures contracts /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672245902611.

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18

Moore-Crawford, Cassandra Marie. "Maternal investment in domestic cattle." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2435.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Animal Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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19

Mamadatokhonova, Guldasta. "Detection of adenoviruses in cattle /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10573858.pdf.

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20

Wang, Wei. "Plasminogen polymorphism in dairy cattle." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26174.

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A genetic approach to lowering protease (plasmin) levels in milk, requires the presence of polymorphism of bovine plasminogen. This study was conducted to determine to what extent genetic polymorphism exists in dairy cattle. Bovine plasminogen was first purified from Holstein cow plasma by affinity chromatography on Lysine-Sepharose and antibodies to bovine plasminogen were raised by monthly intramuscular injection of the isolated bovine plasminogen into rabbits. For plasminogen phenotyping, blood samples were collected at random from 50 Holstein and Ayrshire cattle, and plasminogen was isolated from the plasma using lysine-Sepharose and then treated with neuraminidase. After separation by isoelectric focusing (pH 3.5-9.5) in polyacrylamide gels, Plasminogen polymorphs were detected immunologically using rabbit anti-bovine plasminogen antibodies. Additionally, the plasminogen isoforms were evaluated with a functional assay (caseinolytic overlay technique) after activation of the plasminogen with urokinase. Six plasminogen phenotypes were identified which represent products of 5 variant alleles. The 5 plasminogen variants were characterized based on their isoelectric points and designated PLG A$ sb2$ (pI 6.5 and 7.0), B$ sb2$ (pI 7.6 and 7.8), C$ sb1$ (pI 6.8), D$ sb2$ (pI 7.8 and 8.0), and E$ sb2$ (pI 6.8 and 7.0). PLG A$ sb2$ and PLG B$ sb2$ were the most common variants in these cattle. The 6 phenotypes were $ rm A sb2A sb2, B sb2B sb2, A sb2B sb2, B sb2C sb1, A sb2D sb2 and D sb2E sb2$. The phenotypic frequencies in Holstein and Ayrshire were very different, $ rm A sb2A sb2 and B sb2B sb2$ being respectively the most frequent phenotype. In addition, DNA polymorphism at bovine plasminogen gene was detected when genomic DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme Msp I and hybridized with mouse plasminogen cDNA. This is the first description of plasminogen polymorphism reported in dairy cattle. If different variants have altered activity, the detrimental effect

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21

Randle, Hayley. "Adoption and personality in cattle." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260721.

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Watts, Sarah. "Aspects of analgesia in cattle." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412147.

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23

Van, Bibber-Krueger Cadra. "Mineral supplementation of feedlot cattle." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32646.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
Four studies evaluated effects of mineral supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and ruminal fermentation of finishing cattle. Study 1 supplemented 0 or 3.3 g/d yeast combined with Cr propionate to steers separated into light and heavy groups. No treatment x weight group interactions were observed for ADG, DMI, final BW, carcass traits, or plasma glucose of lactate concentrations (P ≥ 0.06). A treatment x weight group interaction was observed for G:F (P = 0.03). In study 2, steers were supplemented 60 or 300 mg Zn/kg DM with or without zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH). No interactions or effects of Zn or ZH were observed for IGF-1, plasma glucose, or lactate concentrations (P > 0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration decreased with ZH (P < 0.01). No interactions or effects of Zn or ZH were detected for ADG, DMI, final BW, G:F, and carcass traits were minimally affected (P ≥ 0.05). Study 3 evaluated effects of supplementing 30 or 100 mg Zn/kg DM (30 or 100Zn) with and without ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; 200 mg/d). No interactions or effects of Zn were observed for feedlot performance or PUN (P ≥ 0.07). Final BW, ADG, and HCW increased when heifers were fed RH (P ≤ 0.02). Zinc x RH interactions were observed for LM area and yield grade (P ≤ 0.01), but other carcass traits were not affected (P ≥ 0.08). In study 4, heifers were supplemented 0, 30, 60, or 90 mg Zn/kg DM. Zinc supplementation did not affect final BW, ADG, or DMI (P ≥ 0.07), but G:F increased linearly (P = 0.02). Carcass traits were not affected by Zn supplementation (P ≥ 0.07). Effects of in vitro Zn titration (0, 30, 60, 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg/kg Zn) were evaluated using ground corn and soybean meal as substrate. In vitro fermentation was not affected by added Zn (P ≥ 0.05). These studies suggest Cr and Zn supplementation minimally affected carcass traits, but Zn supplementation up to 60 mg/kg improved feed efficiency with minimal impact on ruminal fermentation. Supplementing increased Zn concentrations may alter fat and muscle deposition when fed with RH.

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Beerstecher, Shan. "Witzieshoek : women, cattle and rebellion." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21177.

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Bibliography: pages 220-228.
This study focusses on the 1950 Witzieshoek rebellion from a gender perspective. It examines the context within which the rebellion occurred, spanning a period from 1930 to 1950 and looks at the impact of the rebellion on the state. The years leading up to the Witzieshoek rebellion were characterized by crisis as the government struggled to maintain authority over the African masses in general and African women in particular. Witzieshoek residents had to contend with growing deterioration of resources, migration and the implementation of a betterment programme. These had a differential impact on men and women in the reserve, leading to a loss of power in male authority structures and increasing autonomy for women. This fed into and moulded the development of a culture of resistance in the community which exploded in 1950 when the majority of the inhabitants revolted against the Native Affairs Department and the Trust. The Witzieshoek rebellion was a desperate bid to return to older and more familiar ways of organization which had been based on the productive and reproductive capacity of women. The men and women who rebelled were denouncing the organization of the community on Trust and Departmental terms. The response of the state to the rebellion was to appoint a Commission of Enquiry. The Commission, operating at a time when 'native' policy was being fiercely debated, was unable to offer the kind of solutions that Nationalist Party policy would eventually demand. Both the rebellion and the Commission of Enquiry failed to bring about any meaningful change to the conditions in Witzieshoek.

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McKendree, Melissa Gale Short. "Essays on beef cattle economics." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35798.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agricultural Economics
Glynn T. Tonsor
The U.S. beef industry is comprised of multiple, vertically connected segments. Beginning at the cow-calf level, cattle move through the industry to backgrounding/stocker operations, feedlots, and then to beef packers. The beef produced then continues to move through the marketing channel from beef packers to wholesalers and on to multiple final consumer outlets. Each level of the beef industry has both distinct and related economic issues. This dissertation contains three essays on beef cattle economics. Essay 1 focuses on price and animal health risk management at the feedlot level. Essays 2 and 3 explore how upstream demand changes impact primary beef suppliers. The objective of Essay 1 is to determine if feedlot operators manage price risk and animal health risk as two separate and independent risks or if they manage them jointly. The animal health attribute of interest is purchasing feeder steers from a single known source versus an auction with unknown background. The output price risk mitigation tools are futures contracts, forward contracts, other, and accept cash price at time of sale. Primary data is collected using an online survey administered to feedlot operators. Participants are placed in forward looking, decision making scenarios utilizing a split-sample block design. Evidence of a relationship between animal health risk and output price risk management is mixed. Ricardian rent theory (RRT) is tested in Essay 2 to determine if complete pass-through occurs from fed cattle and corn prices to feeder cattle prices. Monthly price data from December 1995 to December 2016 is used. Based on RRT, surplus rents should pass through the market to the holder of the scarcest resource. In cattle markets, feeder calves are the scarcest, widely traded resource and thus gains and losses at the feedlot theoretically pass-through to feeder cattle prices. The hypothesized pass-through rates suggested by RRT is calculated using monthly production data from the Focus on Feedlots data series. The regression pass-through estimates are tested against the hypothesized RRT pass-through. In many models, the estimated pass-through rate is statistically greater than the RRT hypothesized pass-through rate. Thus, when fed cattle or corn prices change, these changes are more than fully passed to cow-calf producers through the feeder cattle price. Evidence is found of asymmetric pass-through during times of herd expansion versus contraction. Essay 3 provides a quantification of how changes in retail and export beef demand are transmitted to different members of the beef industry. Understanding how information is transmitted from primary consumer demand through the supply chain is key for long-term prosperity of the U.S. cattle industry. However, empirical applications quantifying how demand signals are transmitted through vertically connected industries are limited. Using both naïve and forward looking price expectations, a four equation system of inverse demand and supply equations for live and feeder cattle is estimated. Using retail and export beef demand indices, the impacts of 1% change in retail or export demand on live cattle and feeder cattle prices are quantified.

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Tortosa, Christina Suzanne. "Reproductive diseases of dairy cattle /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/dscisp/6.

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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: Edwin Jaster. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 21, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.

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27

Roxström, Anki. "Genetic aspects of fertility and longevity in dairy cattle /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5812-9.pdf.

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28

Hecht, Genevieve Sue Kriese-Anderson Lisa A. "Evaluation of feed efficiency traits with post-weaning growth and ultrasound traits in central test bulls." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Theses/Hecht_Genevieve_1.pdf.

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29

McHughes, Courtney Elizabeth Prather Randall S. "Identification and quantification of differentally represented transcripts in preimplantation bovine embryos." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5020.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 15, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Randall Prather Includes bibliographical references.

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Gaughan, John Beckley. "Respiration rate and rectal temperature responses of feedlot cattle in dynamic, thermally challenging environments /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16104.pdf.

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Nennich, Tamilee Dawn. "Characterization of manure excretion and environmental impacts of nutrient management in dairy production systems." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2004/T%5FNennich%5F112204.pdf.

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Morton, John. "Determinants of reproductive performance of dairy cows in commercial herds in Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000608.

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Drake, Dawn M. "Connections between mastitis and climate a study of holsteins on pasture in Northampton County, Pennsylvania /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 186 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597631411&sid=43&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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34

Thompson, Lori Nell. "The effects of Ascophyllum nodosum for alleviation of heat stress in cattle /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421163.

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35

Davis, Michael Patrick Kerley Monty Stephen. "Influence of diet, production traits, blood hormones and metabolites, and mitochondrial complex protein concentrations on residual feed intake in beef cattle." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7034.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Monty Kerley. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Kruk, Zbigniew Antoni. "Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting carotenoid concentration in cattle tissues : a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Adelaide in the Department of Animal Science." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk94.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-194). Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting fat colour in cattle were examined in biopsy and carcass samples of Jersey and Limousin cattle in their F1 and backcross progeny.

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Zheng, Jianze. "Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for studying centromere organization and centric fusions in cattle." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09az63.pdf.

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Includes bibliograpical references (leaves 119-134). The most common chromosome abnormalities in live cattle are various Robertsonian translocations (centric fusions). Two hypotheses have been used to explain how monocentric Robersonian translocation chromosomes are generated: either direct formation, or evolution from dicentic chromosomes. Four main cattle procentric Satellite sequences were used as single and two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization probes for studying the centromere organisation of cattle autosomes and the rearrangement in two cattle Robertsonian translocation chromosomes, the t(1:29) which is monocentric and found in numerous breeds, and the t(14:20) which is dicentric and found in 2 breeds.

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Yao, Ping. "Quantitative trait loci mapping and candidate gene analysis for growth and carcass traits on two bovine chromosomes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4576.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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39

Vanek, Joseph Keith. "The economic value of carcass traits, and their differences across bull sales." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/vanek/VanekJ1207.pdf.

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Ditcham, William. "The development of recombinant vaccines against Jembrana disease." Thesis, Ditcham, William (2007) The development of recombinant vaccines against Jembrana disease. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/438/.

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Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a lentivirus causing an acute infection with a 17% case fatality rate in Bali cattle in Indonesia. Control of the disease is currently achieved by identification of infected areas and restriction of cattle movement. A detergent-inactivated whole virus tissue-derived vaccine is sometimes employed in affected areas. This thesis reports initial attempts to produce genetically engineered vaccines to replace the inactivated tissue-derived vaccine, which as it is made from homogenised spleen of infected animals, is expensive to produce and could contain adventitious agents present in the donor animals. 4 potential DNA vaccine constructs were created containing the JDV genes coding for the Tat, capsid (CA), transmembrane (TM) and surface unit (SU) proteins in a commercially available vaccine plasmid. These were assessed for functionality in a range of in vitro and in vivo assays. All proteins were expressed in vitro and administration of 2 of the constructs by a commercial 'gene gun' into the epidermis of mice resulted in antibody production to the appropriate protein. Due to the difficulties of licensing such a DNA vaccine in Indonesia, these vaccines were not progressed further. A mathematical model was developed to describe the progression of the acute phase of Jembrana disease following experimental infection with JDV. The model divided the disease into 6 phases based on the rates of viral replication and clearance calculated from data on sequential plasma viral RNA load detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. This allowed statistical comparison of each phase of the disease and comparison of the severity of the disease process in groups of animals. The use of the model overcame the difficulty of comparing the disease in different animals as a consequence of the animal-to-animal variation in the disease process. The mathematical model was used to identify differences in the pathogenicity of 2 strains of JDV. One strain, JDVTAB caused a more rapid onset of disease in non-vaccinated controls, a significantly higher virus load at the onset of the febrile period and a higher peak viraemia than in animals infected with JDVPUL. This provided the first evidence of variation in pathogenicity of JDV strains. The measurement of virus load also demonstrated that some JDV infected animals developed a clinical disease that was not typical of that which had been reported previously. When infected with less than 1,000 infectious virus particles, up to 20% of infected animals failed to develop a febrile response. Infection of these animals was confirmed, however, by the detection of a high titre of circulating virus particles in plasma. These atypical infections had not been reported previously. Application of the mathematical model describing the progression of the disease in individual animals was used to examine the effect of vaccination with the inactivated tissue-derived vaccine on the progression of the disease. Several effects were noted in vaccinated animals that were subsequently infected with JDV: a reduction in the duration of the febrile response, a reduction in the severity of the febrile response in the early phases of the acute disease, and a reduction in virus load in the early and later phases of the disease process. The effect of vaccination with recombinant Tat, matrix (MA) and CA protein vaccines expressed in a bacterial expression system on subsequent JDV infection was also examined. A vaccine incorporating recombinant Tat and CA vaccine emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant decreased the febrile response particularly in the later stages of the acute disease process, decreased the severity of the leucopenia in the later phases of the acute disease, and decreased the virus load in some but not all phases of the acute disease process. Vaccines administered with Freund's incomplete adjuvant were more efficacious than vaccines administered with QuilA, the latter actually exacerbating the disease process in vaccinated animals.

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Ditcham, William. "The development of recombinant vaccines against Jembrana disease." Ditcham, William (2007) The development of recombinant vaccines against Jembrana disease. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/438/.

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Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a lentivirus causing an acute infection with a 17% case fatality rate in Bali cattle in Indonesia. Control of the disease is currently achieved by identification of infected areas and restriction of cattle movement. A detergent-inactivated whole virus tissue-derived vaccine is sometimes employed in affected areas. This thesis reports initial attempts to produce genetically engineered vaccines to replace the inactivated tissue-derived vaccine, which as it is made from homogenised spleen of infected animals, is expensive to produce and could contain adventitious agents present in the donor animals. 4 potential DNA vaccine constructs were created containing the JDV genes coding for the Tat, capsid (CA), transmembrane (TM) and surface unit (SU) proteins in a commercially available vaccine plasmid. These were assessed for functionality in a range of in vitro and in vivo assays. All proteins were expressed in vitro and administration of 2 of the constructs by a commercial 'gene gun' into the epidermis of mice resulted in antibody production to the appropriate protein. Due to the difficulties of licensing such a DNA vaccine in Indonesia, these vaccines were not progressed further. A mathematical model was developed to describe the progression of the acute phase of Jembrana disease following experimental infection with JDV. The model divided the disease into 6 phases based on the rates of viral replication and clearance calculated from data on sequential plasma viral RNA load detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. This allowed statistical comparison of each phase of the disease and comparison of the severity of the disease process in groups of animals. The use of the model overcame the difficulty of comparing the disease in different animals as a consequence of the animal-to-animal variation in the disease process. The mathematical model was used to identify differences in the pathogenicity of 2 strains of JDV. One strain, JDVTAB caused a more rapid onset of disease in non-vaccinated controls, a significantly higher virus load at the onset of the febrile period and a higher peak viraemia than in animals infected with JDVPUL. This provided the first evidence of variation in pathogenicity of JDV strains. The measurement of virus load also demonstrated that some JDV infected animals developed a clinical disease that was not typical of that which had been reported previously. When infected with less than 1,000 infectious virus particles, up to 20% of infected animals failed to develop a febrile response. Infection of these animals was confirmed, however, by the detection of a high titre of circulating virus particles in plasma. These atypical infections had not been reported previously. Application of the mathematical model describing the progression of the disease in individual animals was used to examine the effect of vaccination with the inactivated tissue-derived vaccine on the progression of the disease. Several effects were noted in vaccinated animals that were subsequently infected with JDV: a reduction in the duration of the febrile response, a reduction in the severity of the febrile response in the early phases of the acute disease, and a reduction in virus load in the early and later phases of the disease process. The effect of vaccination with recombinant Tat, matrix (MA) and CA protein vaccines expressed in a bacterial expression system on subsequent JDV infection was also examined. A vaccine incorporating recombinant Tat and CA vaccine emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant decreased the febrile response particularly in the later stages of the acute disease process, decreased the severity of the leucopenia in the later phases of the acute disease, and decreased the virus load in some but not all phases of the acute disease process. Vaccines administered with Freund's incomplete adjuvant were more efficacious than vaccines administered with QuilA, the latter actually exacerbating the disease process in vaccinated animals.

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42

Moraka, Joseph Ntlhoki. "Comparative study on the biological performance of progenies of Western Sanga x Afrikaner and Bonsmara cattle in the sourish mixed bushveld of the North West Province." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21.

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The study compares the biological performance of progenies of the Afrikaner x Western Sanga crossbred (small frame) and the Bonsmara (medium frame) cattle on the following traits: calving and growth rates as well as mortalities. The study was conducted in the Sourish Mixed Bushveld of the North West province. The objective was to identify a lowcare cattle breed, which can withstand unfavourable conditions under which most farmers in the North West Province operate. The results of this study indicated that, under good management, the Bonsmara cattle have higher growth rates compared to the Sanga cattle. There were statistical differences with regards to birth, pre-wean and wean masses, (P< 0.0001). Sanga cattle however were able to maintain higher calving rates under all varying conditions (Bonsmara 77% average and Sanga 84% average). The Sanga, due to its lower nutritional requirements, on average requires 15% less of the surface area required by the Bonsmara. Sanga cattle also returned better yields in terms of kilogram weaned calf per LSU and per hectare. With regard to herd mortalities, there was no significant difference (P = 0.03329).

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Fitzgerald, Tracey. "The effect of long-term supplementation with biotin on lameness, milk production and reproductive performance in pasture fed dairy cows /." [St Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16283.pdf.

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44

Bader, Jonathan F. "Management practices to optimize reproductive efficiency in primiparous and multiparous suckled beef cows /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418002.

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45

Starbuck, Melanie J. "Factors affecting reproductive efficiency of cattle." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4301.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 150 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-149).

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46

Petrov, Ryan. "The microclimate of Australian cattle feedlots." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2007. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003191/.

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[Abstract]: The incidence of cattle heat stress is a significant production and welfare issue for the feedlot industry. It is hypothesised that the presence and physical nature of feedlots causes significant microclimatic variations compared to the external environment.In order to test this hypothesis, data was collected using a series of automatic weather stations located in the external environment surrounding two Australian feedlots. Comparison of this data with regional Bureau of Meteorology sites was undertaken to verify the quality of these ‘control’ sites. To determine the climate within the feedlot separate automatic weather stations were placed within the cattle pens at each site, with one station located in an unshaded pen and one directly under an artificial shade structure within an adjacent pen.This dissertation reports the collection and analyses of detailed climatic data from the surrounds and within the cattle pens of these two Australian feedlots. The project also sought to determine microclimatic differences within the feedlot pen area that may be caused by the presence of the shade structures.It was found that the presence of a feedlot does create significant microclimatic variations. Specifically, it was determined that the albedo values of the feedlot pen surface are significantly lower (ranging from 0.13 to 0.19) than those of the external feedlot environment (typically 0.15 to 0.25). This is a result of the surface changes arising from the establishment of clay based manure covered pens. Under wet conditions the differences in albedo values were further increased. It was found that the short wave radiation reflection from the external feedlot environment was 4% greater than that from the unshaded feedlot pen surfaces under dry conditions and 10% greater under wet conditions. The increased adsorption of solar radiation by the feedlot pen surface created ground temperatures that were on average 2 to 4°C warmer than those of the feedlot surrounds. The re-radiation of heat from the pen surface was found to create warmer air temperatures within the feedlot pens compared to the external environment, particularly overnight. Between the hours of 4am to 6am it was found that on average the air temperatures of the shaded and unshaded feedlot pens were 0.7°C and 0.5°C warmer than the external feedlot environment.It was found that feedlot pen infrastructure and cattle significantly reduce wind speeds under a height of 10 metres. The average 2 metre wind speeds of the external feedlot environments were found to be 29% and 9% higher than those recorded in the unshaded pens at the northern and southern feedlots respectively.Shade structures within feedlot pens were found to be effective in reducing incoming solar radiation with the galvanised sheeting reducing incoming solar radiation by 76% and the shade cloth providing a 72% reduction. These reductions provided both lower ground temperatures and a significant reduction in radiant heat loads under the shade. It was determined that the environment under shade structures was more humid compared to that of the unshaded pens with humidity levels recorded being 8 to 12% higher. Shade structures also restrict horizontal wind movement with the 2 metre wind speeds in the shaded pens being on average 11% and 0.5% lower than those recorded in the unshaded pens for the Queensland and NSW feedlots respectively.Research has shown that microclimatic variations such as increased air temperatures, increased humidity and restricted air movement can have an adverse effect on cattle health. It is concluded from this project that in order to mitigate these effects a number of feedlot design concepts be implemented, and management practices should be adopted. Maintaining minimal quantities of manure on the pen surface will provide lower ground temperatures, dryer pen conditions and inhibit the re-radiation of heat and evapotranspiration from the pen surface. Adequate air flow should be maintained by siting feedlots in areas of suitable topography, and designing feedlot infrastructure and shade structures to maximise air movement. Shade structures need to aim at providing dryer pen surfaces to minimise humidity levels. Incorporation of these recommendations into feedlot design and management will assist in optimising the feedlot microclimate.

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Rodríguez, José Eduardo. "Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis in Angus cattle." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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Baum, Kristen A. "Air emissions measurements at cattle feedlots." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/775.

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Foulds, A. "The amino acid requirements of cattle." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482883.

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Sloane, Julia Yvette. "Molecular epidemiology of Arcobacter in cattle." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533924.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cattle'

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