Journal articles on the topic 'Cattle Embryos Transplantation'

Various methods of creating twin pregnancies in cattle have been investigated by other authors (see review by Sreenan and Diskin, 1987). However, virtually all of these methods have involved in vivoproduced embryos which, in separate studies, have employed either surgical or non-surgical transfer techniques, where embryos were transplanted either unilaterally or bilaterally in recipients which may or may not have been previously artificially inseminated. There have been no studies where all of these factors were examined collectively, and included with the transplantation of either frozen-thawed in vivoor in vitroproduced embryos. The objectives of the current study were, therefore, to compare pregnancy, twinning and embryo survival rates of recipients in which twin pregnancies were induced by various combinations of embryo source and transfer method to animals inseminated or not prior to embryo transfer, and the distribution of the embryos in the uterus.

Various methods of creating twin pregnancies in cattle have been investigated by other authors (see review by Sreenan and Diskin, 1987). However, virtually all of these methods have involved in vivoproduced embryos which, in separate studies, have employed either surgical or non-surgical transfer techniques, where embryos were transplanted either unilaterally or bilaterally in recipients which may or may not have been previously artificially inseminated. There have been no studies where all of these factors were examined collectively, and included with the transplantation of either frozen-thawed in vivoor in vitroproduced embryos. The objectives of the current study were, therefore, to compare pregnancy, twinning and embryo survival rates of recipients in which twin pregnancies were induced by various combinations of embryo source and transfer method to animals inseminated or not prior to embryo transfer, and the distribution of the embryos in the uterus.

Introduction. Now embryo transplantation technique widely used in breeding programs breeding centers in developed countries to accelerate genetic and technological progress. But in recent years have not observed significant progress in the success of engraftment of cryopreserved embryos, which for most households is 30 to 50 %, only the best breeding centers rises to 55 – 60 %. This suggests that, on the one hand, half of the outstanding animal genetic resources lost during the TE, and on the other that the successful spread of this method of reproduction in practice methodology for recipients in need of improvement. Purpose – to compare the effectiveness of two teaching approaches to prepare heifers recipient for transplantation of cryopreserved embryos. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted at the point of transplantation of embryos JV "AF" Petrodolynske" (Odessa region.). The company has a breeding herd Ukrainian Red dairy cattle (600 cows) with an average productivity of 5.0 thousand kg. In March 2016 this sector the works transplant 64 embryos Angler breed German selection (firm «SPERMEX GmbH»). Embryos were obtained from 18 cows genetically valuable donor sperm using 12 producers. According to the technological requirements, two groups were formed heifers recipients that met accepted standards for the age and development. These groups were used two alternative methods of training recipients to TE. Control of clinical and morphological and functional parameters of reproduction heifers in preparation, synchronization, TE and definition of pregnancy carried out a comprehensive visual refleksolohichnym clinical palpation method of diagnosis. Heifers controls to synchronize induced hormonal cycle subjected to processing in accordance with the protocol Ovsynch, as used in the experimental group we developed probiotic-cyclic scheme (the drug "Multybakterin veterinary Bs + La», which includes strains of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Laktobacillus acidophilus). Results. Transplantation of thawed embryos Angler breed heifers was carried out only with the presence of morphologically typical of corpora lutea (positive recipients). Within 2 months spent visual refleksolohichnyy control animal behavior, and in 60 days - rectal examination pregnancy. The results of the studies found significantly higher (at 71,9 %) yield positive recipients daily routine TE than Ovsynch protocol, as well as the experimental group engraftment thawed embryos above 10 %. Consequently, the use of probiotic protection promoted regeneration and recovery of genital tract mucosal heifers. It is proved that the development of functional entities ovarian and endometrial status have a close physiological relationship thus resulted in the formation of normal microflora dysbiosis and elimination of the state was the harmonization of sexual recurrence of experimental animals. Consequently, effective TE in the economy in 3 – 3,5 years will be introduced in the heifers group herd milk production from 9 to 10 000 kg, which, in turn, become potential donors of embryos based economy. Conclusions. The results showed that in industrial dairy complex advanced probiotic-cycle method of preparation of heifers to the THAT (using probiotic protect mucous membranes and the use of prostaglandins in accordance with the functional state of the ovaries) was more effective than the conventional scheme of hormonal stimulation as during synchronization cycle, and the level of engraftment embryos.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) increasingly occupy the study of human reproduction. In addition, in developed countries they contribute to breeding of more than 50 % of cattle. In the management of collections of genetic lines of laboratory animals, these technologies are obligatory components of cryopreservation and rederivation. ART procedures include the development of early embryos outside the mother’s body and the high probability of incomplete synchronization of the physiological state of the surrogate mother and transplanted embryos. Since all this occurs at the stage of the highest susceptibility of embryos to epigenetic reprogramming, the full cycle of ART and its individual components can lead to stable phenotypic changes in the offspring. Their reality is confirmed by studies of the morphological and functional characteristics of sexually mature offspring of CD1 outbred mice, obtained using different variants of early embryo transplantation. Comparative studies of body mass and body composition, basal glucose level and response to glucose load (glucose-tolerance test – GTT) have been done on sexually mature males and females. Animals were separated in 4 groups according to the variant of embryo transplantation: group (control) – natural mating; group (2cl-bl) – incubation of 2-cell up to blastocysts; group (2cl-2cl) – removal and transplantation of the 2-cell embryo without incubation; group (Bl-bl) removal and transplantation of the blastocysts without incubation. All embryos were transplanted to recipient females of the same line. It was found that sexually mature offspring obtained with all variants of transplantations had a higher relative fat content and, correspondingly, lower lean mass compared to the control. This effect was more pronounced in females than in males. Unlike body compositions, embryo transplantations had a greater effect on basal glucose concentration and GTT in males than in females. In this case, the offspring of the 2cl-2cl and 2cl-bl groups were characterized by a higher tolerance to glucose load (GTT) compared with the control and the Bl-bl group. Stable deviations of body compositions and glucose homeostasis indices detected in experimental groups of progenies indicate the phenotypic significance of the embryo transplantations per se.

Producing embryos in vitro is an important technology used to improve the genetic potential of cattle and perfect the programs of their breeding. Regardless of the way they are produced, all embryos that had not been used for transplantation to recipients must be conserved. Because of significantly increased interest in the problem of cryoconservation of embryos, both coming from scientists and businesses, there are emerging new commercial environments that allow the facilitation of cryoconservation and the increase in the embryo survival. Oocyte-cumulus complexes obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered clinically healthy cows matured in 22–24 h in in vitro conditions. The oocytes were co-cultured with spermatozoids in Fertilization medium, and the obtained zygotes were cultured in Culture medium with Sodium-Pyruvate for 4 or 7 days up to the stage of morula or blastocyste, respectively. For the vitrification of cow embryos, we used a commercial kit for the vitrification of human embryos, having compared the duration of equilibration. According to the results of the studies, we observed high efficiency of cryoconservation of cow embryos using the commercial kit for vitrification of human embryos. The results revealed the significant effect of equilibration on survival and further development of embryos. In addition, we described the dependence of development stage of cattle embryo on the duration of the contact of embryo with equilibration solution. Therefore, optimal time of contact of cattle embryos at the morula stage with equilibration solution was 12 minutes. On the 24th h after thawing, 46.7 ± 3.3% of the embryos were observed to undergo blastulation, and on 48th h, this parameter increased to 96.7 ± 3.3%, which corresponded to the parameters in the group of embryos that had not been subjected to cryoconservation. In the conditions of further cultivation, the percentage of blastocystes that hatched in the experimental group was no different from that of the control. At the same time, the highest efficiency of vitrification of blastocystes of cows was seen after the contact with the equilibration solution for 15 min, since the percentage of hatched blastocystes was the same as in the control group. Therefore, using the commercial kit for vitrification of human embryos is beneficial, for it promotes the parameters of cow embryos after vitrification/thawing that are similar to such of intact embryos (without freezing). The data we analyzed and presented in the paper could help to increase the efficiency of cryoconservation of cattle embryos for both scientific and commercial purposes.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate three embryo biopsy techniques used for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in cattle and to recommend the least invasive one for current use, especially when PGD is followed by embryo cryopreservation. Three hundred bovine embryos were biopsied by either one of the needle, aspiration or microblade method, and then checked for viability by freezing/thawing and transplantation to recipient cows. The number of pregnancies obtained after the transfer of biopsied frozen/thawed embryos was assessed 30 days later using ultrasounds. The results were significantly different between the three biopsy methods: the pregnancy rate was of 57% in cows that received embryos biopsied by needle, 43% in cows that received embryos biopsied by aspiration, and 31% in cows that received embryos biopsied by microblade. Choosing an adequate biopsy method is therefore of great importance in embryos that will undergo subsequent cryopreservation, as it significantly influences their viability after thawing.

Embryo transfer technique is one of the key in accelerated reproduction of cattle. One of the most important stages is the selection of donor cows that are most sensitive to the procedure of hormonal stimulation of ovulation. One of the promising genetic markers of the reproductive status of cattle is currently the gene encoding the luteinizing hormone / choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). One of the SNP in the LHCGR gene of cattle has already been described in the literature as associated with the number of oocytes and the quality of embryos - rs41256848 (c.1401G> T, p.Trp467Cys). The purpose of this work was to estimate the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of this substitution in the population of Black-and-White holsteinized cattle (190 cows). Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method. In the studied population of cattle, the frequency of the G allele associated with higher rates in the total number of oocytes and the number of embryos survived after transplantation, as well as with the least number of unfertilized oocytes, is 63.2%.

The purpose of the work was to analyze the situation regarding to the status and prospects for the use of reproductive biotechnology to increase productivity in cattle breeding. In the conditions of dynamic growth of the planet’s population, global climate changes and the russian-Ukrainian war, food security in the whole world and in Ukraine in particular has become a key issue. To increase food stocks of animal origin, it is necessary first of all to intensify dairy and meat cattle breeding with the involvement of the best world genetics. This becomes possible thanks to the application of modern biotechnological methods of reproduction, some of which (artificial insemination, embryo transplantation) are successfully used in the world and in Ukraine, the other part (in vitro fertilization, cloning, creation of transgenic animals) is constantly developing and improving in countries with developed cattle breeding. Technologies of artificial insemination and transplantation of cattle embryos have been improved in Ukraine. Artificial insemination has been introduced into the practice of cattle breeding, work on embryo transplantation is being resumed, and in recent years, dairy farms have used sperm of bulls separated by sex. Scientists of the institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine conduct sporadic experiments on in vitro fertilization and the creation of transgenic animals, which requires the expansion and deepening of these areas of research. To overcome modern challenges related to climate change and war, it is advisable to use biotechnological methods of reproduction in cattle breeding. For this, research on the development and implementation of the latest reproductive biotechnologies should be intensified: embryo transplantation, in vitro fertilization, creation of transgenic animals.

The results of experiments aimed at cloning of sheep and cattle embryos are described. Two experimental approaches were used to study the developmental potential of blastomeres from sheep and cow embryos: (i) blastomere separation followed by culture and (ii) fusion of isolated blastomeres with enucleated eggs followed by culture. Both approaches allow embryos to be cloned, but whereas blastomere separation allows only a relatively small number of genetically identical animals to be produced, nuclear transplantation will probably open the way for large-scale cloning of livestock.Key words: sheep, cow, cloning, blastomere separation, nuclear transplantation.

On September 29, 2021, Volodymyr Frankovych Stakhovskyi, a senior research fellow at the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V.Zubets of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, turned 60 years old. He was born in the village Chupyra, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region. After studying at Ozeryansk Secondary School in 1978, Volodymyr Frankovych became a student of the veterinary faculty of the Bila Tserkva Agricultural Institute. In 1983, having obtained the specialty of veterinary medicine, he began working at the Lynovytsk Sugar Plant, working as a chief veterinarian. The first experience outlined the interests of the young specialist. Acting as a chief veterinarian, Volodymyr Frankovych, along with traditional biotechnological methods of increasing the level of reproduction of the cattle herds, has repeatedly been interested in the possibilities and prospects of introducing the method of embryo transplantation for accelerated reproduction of high-value animals. He began to master the latest technological developments and put them into production at the Pryluky Tribal Enterprise, where he worked since 1990 as Deputy Head of Embryo Transplantation. The main task of the project headed by him was to accelerate the creation of a herd of sires with a high genetic level of productivity for the Chernihiv RTE, which was successfully completed. As of 1998, 80% of the sires of this tribal association were transplants. Achieving high rates of obtaining and engraftment of embryos from record-breaking cows became possible due to perseverance and creative search for a specialist. This contributed to the further scientific path of the scientist, the practical implementation of which the future scientist began as a graduate student of the stationary form of education of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of UAAS in 1995. In 1998, Volodymyr Frankovych was hired as a researcher at the Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding in the Northern Regions of Ukraine of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of UAAS. Within the walls of the Institute under the leadership of A.P.Krugliak, the scientist prepared and in 2004 successfully defended his dissertation "Biotechnological ways to increase the level of reproduction of cattle" in the specialty 06.02.01 – breeding and selection of animals (agricultural sciences). Since 2005 he has been working in the Laboratory of Cell Engineering (now the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction). Scientific research of Volodymyr Frankovych Stakhovskyi is aimed at the development and implementation of the modern methods of biotechnology of farm animal reproduction, in particular the in vivo production and non-surgical transplantation of cattle embryos. The main directions of scientific research are the development of ways to increase the level of reproduction of the cattle herd by improving the organization and technology of insemination of females and methods of embryo transplantation. Based on research, a method of effective use of bulls in production conditions was developed, which was approved by the Scientific and Technical Council of Ukrainian Tribal Enterprise (February 8, 1999) and included in the Instruction on the organization and technology of artificial insemination of cows and heifers (1999). Currently, scientific and practical activities of the scientist are aimed at assessing the level of reproduction of the herd, he constantly provides methodological and practical assistance in diagnosing gynecological diseases of cattle, insemination, infertility control to ensure productive and reproductive animal health in farms (TOV "AF Petrodolynske" of Odessa region, "Galax-Agro" of Zhytomyr region, TOV "Milk of the Fatherland" of Sumy region, TOV "Inter" and POSP "Zhatkivske" of Chernihiv region (http://iabg.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=402: seminar03052018&catid=1&Itemid=30, http://iabg.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view =article&id=344:11042017&catid=1&Itemid=30)). Thus, in 2015 in the farm of TOV "AF Petrodolynske" together with scientists of the laboratory as a result of transplantation of 35 embryos of Angeln breed received pregnancy and birth of calves at the level of 23.0%. In 2015–2016, at the State Enterprise research farm "Khrystynivske" of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V. Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine they transplanted 25 cryopreserved embryos of Holstein breed (red-spotted coat) of German selection (SPERMEX GmbH), which were obtained from five donor cows using the semen of nine bulls. As a result of transplantation of 25 cryopreserved embryos of Holstein breed in SE RF "Khrystyniske of IABG named after M.V.Zubets NAAS" received a pregnancy rate of 20.0% and five transplant calves were born, among which four bulls (including two monozygotic twins) and one heifer. It was found that the highest genetic potential had embryos, the genetic parents of which were the donor cow Annabel 78492720 and the bull Paradox 297648, from which one bull № 4605 was obtained, which was a sire at PrAT "Uman Tribal Enterprise" for the selection process. Also, after the transplantation of embryos from the cow Dagmar 13341914 and the bull Avanti 297505, two monozygotic twin bulls were born (№№ 4606, 4607), which are currently also located and used at PrAT "Uman Tribal Enterprise". Over the past three years, with the scientific support of Volodymyr Frankovych, the laboratory for transplantation of embryos of cattle on the basis SE RF IRGT "Khrystyniske of IABG named after M.V.Zubets NAAS" was established (http://iabg.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= 460:kovtun-060519&catid=1&Itemid=30, http://iabg.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view =article&id=564:14092021&catid=1&Itemid=30). The functioning of this laboratory as a training and demonstration site of NAAS for embryo transplantation has been ensured. They obtained 55 embryos, transplanted 27 ones to 19 recipient heifers, pregnancy and birth of calves - 50.0%. Also in 2019 on the basis of TOV "Milk of the Fatherland" (Sumy region) the creation of such a laboratory under the concluded economic contract was started (http://iabg.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=481:kovtun-11019&catid= 1&Itemid=30). In the experimental farms of the system of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine V. F. Stakhovskyi performs a set of visual-clinical-reflexological methods of assessment and correction of sexual function of heifers to increase the efficiency of embryo transplantation and artificial insemination. He provides recommendations on ethological and morphological features of sexual arousal in cows and heifers unsuitable for embryo transplantation and the feasibility of their use for artificial insemination. Such approaches are part of the task of adjusting the breeding system, the use of breeds of foreign selection, obtaining purebred bulls (Resolution of the Presidium of NAAS from 30.06.15, protocol № 7). The main research results are used in the farms of various forms of ownership ("Breeder" of Pryluky district of Chernihiv region, Pryluky and Chernihiv regional tribal enterprises, PrAT "Agro-Soiuz", PAT "Poltavaplemservice"). The results of V. F. Stakhovsky's scientific research are presented in the 30 scientific works, including three methodical recommendations and a patent for a utility model.

The culture of in vitro matured and fertilized oocytes is a critical step of in vitro production of bovine embryos. Generally, oocytes are co-incubated with sperm in TALP medium containing different additions and then zygotes are transferred to a medium with another composition. At the same time the effect of the medium alteration on the development of early embryos is unknown. Continual adjustment of fertilized oocytes to the changing culture environment may result in a reduction of their developmental potential. The aim of the present study was to compare effects of two different culture systems on the embryo development and subsequent pregnancy rate in cattle. Slaughterhouse-derived cumulus–oocyte complexes were matured for 24 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% FCS, 0.2 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 μg mL–1 porcine FSH, and 5 μg mL–1 ovine LH. Frozen/thawed sperm from different Russian Black Pied bulls were prepared in Sperm-TALP medium by swim-up procedure. In vitro matured oocytes were co-incubated for 18 h with prepared sperm in the modified Fert-TALP medium containing 10 μg mL–1 heparin, PHE (20 μM penicillamine, 10 μM hypotaurine, 1 μM epinephrine), and 0.1% MEM nonessential amino acids. The embryo culture was carried out using 2 systems. A total of 340 presumptive zygotes were incubated in CR1aa medium (Rosenkrans et al. 1994 J. Anim. Sci. 72, 434–437) up to Day 5 post-insemination (System 1) and a total of 442 presumptive zygotes were incubated for 24 h in a fresh Fert-TALP medium without PHE and heparin and then cleaved embryos were transferred to CR1aa medium and incubated until Day 5 post-insemination (System 2). Thereupon, the embryos were transferred to a fresh CR1aa medium supplemented with 5% FCS and cultured for 3 or 5 days. The embryo development was evaluated at Days 2, 8, and 10 for cleavage and blastocyst formation and hatching rates, respectively. A portion of blastocysts (of Grade 1 according to IETS classification) obtained at Day 8 were immediately transferred to recipients or were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol and stored in liquid nitrogen until transplantation. The embryo development data (from 6–8 replicates) were analysed by ANOVA and the embryo transplantation data were analysed using the chi-squared test. The cleavage rates did not differ among Systems 1 and 2 and were 63.6–65.7%. On the other hand, the significant differences between culture Systems 1 and 2 were detected in rates of blastocysts (21.9 ± 1.4 v. 28.8 ± 2.8; P < 0.05) and hatched blastocysts (7.2 ± 1.2 v. 12.3 ± 1.6; P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate for frozen embryos was also higher (but not significantly) in System 2 than in System 1 [26.3% (9/34) v. 16.7% (2/12)], whereas for fresh embryos the similar values of the pregnancy rate were observed [on average 42.9% (6/14)]. Thus the additional 24-h culture of zygotes in Fert-TALP medium favourably affects bovine embryo development in vitro.

The article examines the concept and elements of the economic mechanism of breeding in the region. The main goal of this work is to determine the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service in the region for its further optimization. At the same time, the following tasks are being solved: - to reveal the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service of the region; - to determine the main factors influencing the activities of the breeding service in the region; - to analyze the effectiveness of state support for the breeding service of the region. We note that the technologies of cattle reproduction using the method of artificial insemination with sexed semen and the method of embryo transfer in agricultural enterprises in practice have proven their economic efficiency and high profitability indicators. But to obtain the described results, the source material (sexed seed and embryo), as well as the qualities of the donor and recipient, as well as systematic work in the industry of dairy and beef cattle breeding in the Samara region, are extremely important. Raised cows with high genetic potential, obtained from artificial insemination with sexed semen and embryo transplantation, can then be used as donor cows to obtain embryos and their further transplantation in other agricultural enterprises.

Dairy cattle’s breeding is an important industry, since it is providing milk and meat to population. Modern cows are significantly different from their ancestors in biology, behavior and in productivity. The scientific approach to feeding, condition of content and formation of focused heredity contributed to increasing the cows’ productivity. During the mammary gland formation and sexual cycles manifestation, puberty occurs, which makes it possible to obtain offspring and secretion of milk for feeding calves. The modern cows are capable of producing milk for their calves and for feeding people. The appearance of record cows, giving about 100 kg per day, and during lactation more than 32 tons of milk serves as an example for achieving such indicators of production. There are negative effects in reproduction biology, which takes place in modern cattle breeding. In order to breed highly productive cows, it is important to increase their livestock by intensive selection. Modernity is such that fertility is reduced due to cows’ reproductive functions inhibition. Modern practice shows that it is possible to introduce methods of obtaining several calves from one cow. It is generally accepted for this purpose use new reproduction methods, for example transplantation of embryos with high genetic potential. This technique is widely used in biotechnology of cows breeding. We have tested the method of preparing and conducting embryo transfer to heifers from 13 to 16 months old in the Kuban Agro-Association. The article presents indicators of heifer. It was revealed that not all animals reacted positively to superstimulation. Embryo transplantation showed that 35.1% of embryos survived after embryo transfer. Economic calculations have shown that for the rapid formation of a highly productive herd on the farm, it is advisable to use Ayrshire breed heifers capable of raising embryos and giving birth to healthy calves as recipients.

The efficiency of breeding and production processes in dairy cattle breeding are closely linked and limited by the genetic value of animals, their reproduction ratio, and the rate of change of generations. The use transplantation of embryo in the practice of dairy cattle breeding ensures the effective implementation of modern reproductive biotechnology, which will promote the expanded reproduction of the most valuable, tested animal complexes. Goal. To study the dynamics of live weight of calves-embryo-transplants and compare them with analogues obtained after artificial insemination, in conditions of farms of different climatic regions of Ukraine. Methods. Zotechnical, statistical, analytical. Analytical part of the work was carried out on the retrospective data of zootechnical records in three farms, in the warehouse of which were introduced repair heifers-embryotransplantants. Biotechnological procedures (in vivo) for embryocollection, transplantation of fresh and frozen-thawed embryos were carried out in accordance with well-known techniques. Materials for system analysis were collected during the period of practical activity of the Laboratory of embryo transplantation at PJSC "Poltavapleservis" and in the period after its reorganization. To study the dynamics of the live weight of repair calves-embryo-transplants in three different climatic and technological conditions farms were selected analogue groups of calves of the corresponding age and breed (in the ALLC "Petrodolynske", the comparison was made with Ukrainian red dairy breeds) born after fertilization artificial insemination of heifers. Results. It was established that the live weight of newborn calves-embryo-transplants of dairy breeds was lower compared to analogues by 6.8% (with fluctuations of 0.86–5.46 kg). Heifers-embryo-transplants yielded to live weight analogues for the entire period of the survey, but had a higher rate of growth. At 9 months of age, the difference in live weight was 4.7%, but the difference in farms of different climatic regions increased significantly: from 0.96 to 8.72%. Conclusions. The tendency of the dependence of the dynamics of the live weight of heifers on the methods of reproduction biotechnology, as well as on the effects of the conditions of retention, is established. Some elements of this trend require further study, in order to optimize the technology of growing a repair stock with high genetic potential.

In recent years, experiments aimed at studying the structural asymmetry of paired organs have been conducted increasingly in veterinary medicine. The main factor, which prompted this interest, was extensive use of reproductive biotechnology methods to solve the problems of infertility. In experiments on laboratory animals and in clinical medicine, several authors have found that the nature of pathological processes in paired organs had some differences. Parameters of species functional asymmetry at the level of systems and organs are considered in terms of enantiomorphousness as a trait of adaptive evolution. The study of structural features of physiological and pathological processes in paired gonads of cows will increase the efficiency of biotechnological methods of folliculogenesis stimulation and production of more viable eggs. On the other side, it will reduce the cost of expensive drugs and working time due to more efficient pre-selection of animals for producing embryos. The aim of the research was to study structure and pattern of functional asymmetry of ovaries of high-producing cows and its influence on the level of quality embryos formation. Material and methods of research. The researches were carried out during 2011-2012 at two dairy breeding farms – "Agro-Soyuz" JSC (Dnipropetrovsk region) and "RVD-Agro" PE (Cherkasy region). Two groups of high-producing cows were formed of milking breeding stock, yields of which during the best lactation exceeded the average of the herd by 20-60% The animals were tested during the phased comprehensive research on suitability to removing embryos from them and use of the selected cows in the group of regular donors of embryos, in accordance with applicable requirements of embryo transplantation technology for cattle. During the selection and preparation of cows-donors, washing embryos and their morphological evaluation, we simultaneously performed collecting and analysing data on the activity of functional entities of the left and the right ovaries during luteal phase by palpation according to the advanced approaches. The comparison was performed during cows’ induced cycles using injections of synthetic analogues of F2α prostaglandin on standard procedures and after hormonally induced polyovulation in donors using follicle stimulating hormone drugs and on the standard and prolonged procedures. Results. Pattern of relationship between functional asymmetry of ovaries of high-producing cows-donors and their level of embryo yield was found. Palpation revealed that at cows with sufficient technology and high embryo yield after hormonally induced superovulation, ratio of the number of corpora luteal of the left ovary to the right had a tendency to approach the universal proportion of 38%:62% which is typical for luteogenes of cows in the induced and spontaneous cycles. In group of cows with low yields of high-quality embryos, the ratio of ovarian corpora luteal L: R was significantly different. The observed indicator of functional ovarian asymmetry needs to be researched more and it can be used as a criterion for resource-raising effect at selection of stable donors of embryos at high-yielding herds in the future. The significant change of functional asymmetry of donors-cows’ ovaries after hormone stimulation of polyovulation was shown, including the found phenomenon of inversion of dominant activity of gonads. It was experimentally stated that the high level of producing qualitative embryos for transplantation (9,50-9,86 per washing) was characterized for the cows with sufficient functional asymmetry of ovaries after polyovulation. Conclusions. Based on the fact that high-quality embryos from high-producing cows of different breeds will have breeding, biological and economic values in the world market of genetic resources in the next years, it is necessary to step up scientific research to study the patterns of functional asymmetry of the cows’ reproductive system as one of important biological factors influencing on effectiveness of embryo transplantation technology.

Tədqiqat işi Azərbaycan Dövlət Aqrar Universitetinin “Baytarlıq təbabəti” fakültəsinin “Terapiya, mamalıq və cərrahiyyə” kafedrasının laboratoriyasında, Göygöl rayonunda Respublika Süni Mayalama Mərkəzində aparılacaqdır. Embrion köçürmə üsulu kənd təsərrüfatı heyvanlarının yetişdirilməsində intensivləşdirilmə üsullarından biridir. Bu, alınan yeni nəslin baş sayının surətlə artmasına imkan yaradır. Embrion köçürmə dedikdə donor heyvanların cinsiyyət üzvlərində rüşeymin resipient heyvanların cinsiyyət üzvlərinə köçürülməsi deməkdir. Bu zaman resipiyentlərin orqanizmində rüşeymin və daha sonra dölün inkişafı müşayiət olunan normal boğazlıq baş verir. Donor yüksək damazlıq və məhsuldarlıq keyfiyyətinə malik heyvan olmalıdır. Bu heyvanda hormonal yolla poliovulyasiya törətdikdən sonra onu yüksək məhsuldar törədicinin sperması ilə mayalandırılır, bir neçə rüşeym alırlar. Donor kimi yalnız elə heyvanlar seçilir ki, bunlar çoxsaylı ovulyasiya qabiliyyətinə malik olmaqla, uzun müddət ərzində transplantasiya üçün yararlı rüşeymlər verə bilsinlər. Bu məqsədlə doğum zamanı və doğumdan sonrakı dövrdə heç bir patologiya ilə üzləşməmiş 4–5 yaşında olan, sağlam, süd vəziləri yaxşı inkişaf etmiş inəklərdən istifadə edirlər . Açar sözlər: qaramal, embrion, köçürmə, kateter, balalıq boyuncuğu, donor, resipient Aynur Cumshud Meyphalieva Learning of cattle embryo’s transplantation causes Abstract The investigation work will held in Azerbaijan State Agrarian University's “Veterinary medicine”, in the laboratory of “Therapy, mammalogy and surgery” and in Goygol region's Republic Artificial Fermented Center. The transplantation of embrions is one of the main intensive methods of breeding agricultural economy. It provides the increasing of the head number of the new stock. While saying transplantation of embrion we mean the germ of donor animals which placed in the sex organs of its to the resipient animals sex organs. Thus, in the resipient animals' organs we can notice the normal pregnancy of fetus. The donor animals must be highly productivity qualitative animals. In hormonal way in the animals formed poliovulation and with the highly spermed animals the other animals fertilized and got some embrions. As the donor it must be selected such animals that they have some ovulation aims and they can give fitted embrions for long transplantation periods. So, with this aim it must be used during the period of birth and after the birth period it must be choosen such animals at the age of 4-5 years old, healthy and the cows which breasts are well improved. Key words: cattle, embrion, transplantation, kateter, uterus, donors, animals

Tədqiqat işinin məqsədi qaramalda embrion köçürülmə texnologiyasının tətbiqini öyrənməkdir. Tədqiqat işi Azərbaycan Dövlət Aqrar Universitetinin “Baytarlıq təbabəti” fakültəsinin “Terapiya, mamalıq və cərrahiyyə” kafedrasının laboratoriyasında, Göygöl rayonunda Respublika Süni Mayalanma Mərkəzində aparılacaqdır. Heyvandarlığın inkişaf tempinin artırılmasında gündəmdə duran ən aktual problem məhz embrionun köçürülməsi sayılır. Bu üsulla yüksək məhsuldar heyvanların sayının intensiv surətdə artırılmasına nail olmaq mümkündür. Embrionun köçürülməsi çoxalmanın biotexnoloji metodu olmaqla onun əsas məqsədi donor adlanan yüksək məhsuldar damazlıq heyvanların balalığından bir və ya çoxlu sayda embrionun resipient sayılan inəklərin balalığına köçürülməsindən ibarətdir. Bu mütərəqqi üsuldan geniş istifadə edilməsi kənd təsərrüfatı heyvanlarının genofondunun ölkələr və kontinentlər (qitələr) arasındakı mübadiləsi prosesini həddindən artıq dərəcədə qısaldır, sadələşdirir və sürətləndirir. Açar sözlər: qaramal, embrion, köçürülmə, keyfiyyət, texnologiya, donor, resipiyent Aynur Jumshud Meyfalieva The application technology of embrion transplantation to cattle Abstract The aim of our investigation work is learning of the application technology of embryo transplantation to cattle. The investigation work will held in the faculty of “Therapy, mammology and operatin” in the laboratory of Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, in Goygol region's “Republic Artificial Fermented Center”. The incresaing of the cattle-breeding is the main actual problem is considered the embryo transplantation. In this way we can increase the number of animals productivity. The biotechnological method of embryo transplantation is the transplantation of embryo from the donor animals to the womb resipient cows. Using this method by this way shorten, increased rapidly and simplified the exchange of agricultural animals among continents and the geofund of countries. Keywords: cattle, embryo, transplantation, quality, technology, donor, resipient

The purpose of the article is to light up scientific approaches and technological solutions that provided IV Smirnov's experimentally establish property of mammalian sperm to preserve biological value and genetic information after freezing at temperatures below -200C, to obtain normal offspring from frozen sperm. Research methods: general scientific, retrospective, source studies. The discovery of I. V. Smirnov became the basis of the scientific and technological revolution in the field of breeding and improvement of farm animals, contributed to the development of a new direction of research in the theory and practice of animal breeding, genetic methods of bulls valuation by genotype. Long-term storage of deep-frozen gametes in liquid nitrogen ensured efficient use of valuable animals, regardless of the country where they are kept, and time of use, which significantly increased the efficiency of selection. Thanks to the discovery of I. V. Smirnov, large-scale genotypic selection was introduced in many countries of the world, which was initiated by O. V. Garkavy (1928) and O. O. Serebrovsky (1934). Due to extensive use of the world's best gene pool of specialized dairy breeds, in Ukraine have highly productive domestic breeds of dairy cattle been created: Ukrainian red-and-white, black-and-white, red and brown dairy. The genetic potential of these breeds in breeding plants is 9–10 thousand kg of milk from cows per year, and in the public sector – 6–7 thousand kg, which is 3–4 times higher than the original breeds on which they were created. The use of deep-frozen sperm and embryos has become global. Modern methods of biotechnology, freezing of gametes of other species of animals and embryo transplantation, in vitro fertilization, transgenic engineering, organ transplantation in medicine, etc. are based on IV Smyrnov's discovery. The world's most difficult problem is the preservation of the gene pool of farm animals and the biological diversity of wild fauna, also solved by this discovery. At present, in the sperm and embryo repositories are genetic information of prominent offspring and queens and embryos of commercial and endangered populations stored. The great scientist was an excellent teacher. He gave brilliant lectures to students, livestock specialists, formed his own school, trained many candidates and doctors of sciences, 3,500 highly qualified specialists and more than two thousand laboratory technicians. With his theoretical developments and their practical implementation IV Smirnov initiated a new direction and methods of scientific research in the field of biology, organizational forms of selection and reproduction of animals, which acquired planetary significance and became an indispensable heritage of mankind. His scientific heritage is one of the greatest discoveries of the human mind and is the pride of domestic zootechnics.

Created Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle have a desirable level of reproductive and productive qualities. These breeds are competing successfully with animals of the European selection, so comparative study of pedigree and productive qualities of animals at one of the farms has practical value. The studies were conducted in the herd of “Oleksandrivske” SE RF at the animals of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breeds of Vinnytsia region. The animals of both breeds were kept under the same technological conditions in housing for livestock. It was taken into account milk production (milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) for 305 days of lactation. Expert evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers has been conducted for 2015-2016. Assessment of type of body structure of cows was conducted on 100-point scale. Fatness of cows was determined on 5-point scale. The analysis of genealogies of 37 bulls which had progeny in the herd was conducted by breeding index, discharge of breeding values and milk production of ancestors. Milk production of the animals of the herd was more than 6000 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Comparing milk yields, it was found that the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed dominated Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows of the same age. It is noteworthy that biological feature of cows to increasing milk yield with each subsequent lactation is positive. Thus, the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows after the second calving in comparison with the first calving increased milk yield by 380 kg and the animals after the third calving and older comparatively with the second one – by 425 kg more. Also the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows increased milk yield, respectively, by 348 and 358 kg. The average body measurements of the first-calf heifers were inferior by targeted parameters of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle from -0.3 cm (girth of metacarpus) to -7.8cm (height in the sacrum) in most cases. The total number of points for type of body structure was 87.9 at the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and, respectively, 87.0 at the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows; it corresponds to the assessment "very good". This indicates the high estimation of individual parts of the exterior. The cows of the herd had the required fatness. The average of this trait at animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed was 3.0 points and at the cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle was respectively 3.4 points. The genealogical structure of the current herd of “Oleksandrivske” SERF consists of two female contingents. The animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle were derived from 18 bulls belonging to 8 bloodlines. Most of animals belong to R.O.R.Elevation 1491007 bloodline – 45.4%, H.H.Starbuck 352790 and P.F.A.Chief 1427381 bloodlines – 14.4%. Qualitative characteristic of bulls used for the female livestock of the herd, shows that in the vast majority they are valuable breeding bulls. However, it should be noted that there are progeny derived from bulls with low breeding value in the herd. Thus, bull Matrix Red 136549448 had SI-7 and H- and Trubadur 343643346 had SI-50 and H-. The use of bulls for female livestock of the herd with low breeding value is unacceptable for further breeding work. Expectation of improving the breeding traits in progeny from such fathers is unlikely. It is planned to accelerate the reproduction of valuable genotypes and increase the rate of genetic progress at the herd using embryos transplantation this year. Donors of embryos will be their own breeding resources. Using this method will make it possible to exclude from the selection process animals with exterior defects and low-yielding cows. The considered aspects of selective breeding work indicate prospects of using Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. This applies particularly to increase of milk yield to 8000 kg and more per lactation. Bulls which will be used for breeding stock should have high rates of breeding values (SI +1000 and P4 and more). Especially it applies such features as fat content in milk and some exterior defects.

Spermatogonia are a potential source of adult pluripotent stem cells and can be used for testis germ cell transplantation. Markers for the isolation of these cells are of great importance for biomedical applications. Primordial germ cells and prepubertal spermatogonia in many species can be identified by their binding ofDolichos biflorusagglutinin (DBA). This lectin binds to two different types of glycans, which are α-linkedN-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac) and β-linked GalNac, if this is part of the Sda or GM2 glycotopes. We used the MAB CT1, which is specific for the trisaccharides motif NeuAcα2–3(GalNAcβ1–4)Galβ1-, which is common to both Sda and GM2 glycotopes, to further define the glycosylation of DBA binding germ cells. In porcine embryos, CT1 bound to migratory germ cells and gonocytes. CT1/DBA double staining showed that the mesonephros was CT1 negative but contained DBA-positive cells. Gonocytes in the female gonad became CT1 negative, while male gonocytes remained CT1 positive. In immunohistological double staining of cattle, pig, horse and llama testis, DBA and CT1 staining was generally colocalised in a subpopulation of spermatogonia. These spermatogonia were mainly single, sometimes paired or formed chains of up to four cells. Our data show that the Sda/GM2 glycotope is present in developing germ cells and spermatogonia in several species. Owing to the narrower specificity of the CT1 antibody, compared with DBA, the former is likely to be a useful tool for labelling and isolation of these cells.

Для решения поставленных перед молочным скотоводством задач АО «Московское» по племенной работе» на базе своего обособленного подразделения образовало Сслекционно-репродуктивный центр (СРЦ) «Мосплемэлита» с целью воспроизводства племенного материала мирового класса, а также животных редкой генеалогической принадлежности в условиях нашей страны через использование метода трансплантации эмбрионов. Для его эффективного функционирования на аукционах в Европе были закуплены доноры и реципиенты, не вакцинированные против инфекционного ринотрахеита, вирусной диареи и ряда других болезней и имеющие высокие племенные оценки. Доноры осеменялись спермой выдающихся производителей (1—3 рейтинг в стране происхождения) и быков-улучшателей редкой генеалогической принадлежности. Часть доноров (n=17) после накопления от них установленного запаса эмбрионов отелились и закончили 1 лактацию. В среднем за 305 дней их удой составил 12062 кг, при содержании жира 4,35% и белка — 3,49%. Оценка типа телосложения оказалась равной 86,71 балла, что соответствует категории «отлично». Перерасчет молочной продуктивности коров-доноров по методике, принятой в США (за 365 дней полновозрастной лактации), показал, что в среднем продуктивность этих животных достигнет 18766 кг молока с содержанием жира 4,41% и белка 3,52%. Приведенные параметры значительно выше «Генетического базиса» США (12733 кг — 3,84% — 3,10%) и показателей, установленных «Планом селекционно-племенной работы с крупным рогатым скотом АО «Московское» по племенной работе» на период до 2025 года» для коров селекционной группы «матери быков» (за наивысшую лактацию 14000 кг, 4,40%, 3,40% и 85 баллов за тип телосложения). Воспроизведенные в условиях СРЦ «Мосплемэлита» бычки имели характеристики в том числе по геному (оценка ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста) значительно выше (по продуктивности матерей на 15%, оценке отцов на 111% и геномной оценке пробандов на 61%) аналогичных параметров ремонтных животных, закупленных предприятием на аукционах в Европе в 2020 году по цене 20,0 тыс. евро и выше. Полученные результаты позволяют утверждать, что в условиях нашей страны вполне возможно воспроизводство конкурентоспособного племенного материала. To solve the tasks set for dairy cattle breeding, JSC "Moskovskoye" for breeding work"on the basis of its separate subdivision formed the Breeding and Reproductive Center (BRC) "Mosplemelita" in order to reproduce world-class breeding material, as well as animals of rare genealogical affiliation in our country through using the method of embryo transplantation. For its effective functioning, donors and recipients who had not been vaccinated against infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea and a number of other diseases and had high breeding scores were purchased at auctions in Europe. Donors were inseminated with sperm of outstanding producers (1—3 rating in the country of origin) and improver bulls of rare genealogical affiliation. Some donors (n=17), after accumulating an established stock of embryos from them, calved ansrcd completed 1 lactation. On average, for 305 days, their milk yield was 12062 kg, with a fat content of 4.35% and protein — 3.49%. The body type score was 86.71 points, which corresponds to the "excellent" category. Recalculation of the milk productivity of donor cows according to the method adopted in the USA (for 365 days of full-age lactation) showed that the average productivity of these animals will reach 18766 kg of milk with a fat content of 4.41% and a protein content of 3.52%. The above parameters are significantly higher than the "Genetic basis" of the United States (12,733 kg — 3.84% — 3.10%) and the indicators established by the "Plan for selection and breeding work with cattle of JSC" Moskovskoye "for breeding work" for the period up to 2025 "For cows of the selection group" mother of bulls "(for the highest lactation 14000 kg, 4.40%, 3.40% and 85 points for the body type). The gobies reproduced in the conditions of the Mosplemelita SEC had characteristics in terms of genome (assessment of the L.K. Ernst VIZH) significantly higher (in terms of maternal productivity by 15%, assessment of fathers by 111% and genomic assessment of probands by 61%) similar parameters of repair animals purchased by the company at auctions in Europe in 2020 at a price of 20.0 thousand euros and more. The results obtained make it possible to assert that in the conditions of our country it is quite possible to reproduce competitive breeding material.

An attempt is made in the historical context to comprehensively assess the contribution of the Institute of Animal Husbandry NAAS in the development of biotechnology, to identify priority developments of scientists of the Department of Biotechnology of Reproduction of Farm Animals as one of the main domestic centers of research on farm animals. Track the evolution of industry basic and applied research as a result of the work of scientists in the scientific field for the needs of livestock practice. During the study period (1932-1999) the institution changed its name several times: Southern Institute of Dairy Science (1930-1934), Ukrainian Research Institute of Cattle (1934-1935), Ukrainian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry (1935-1956) , Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Forest-Steppe and Polissya of the Ukrainian SSR (1956–1992), Institute of Animal Husbandry of UAAS (1992–2010), now - Institute of Animal Husbandry of NAAS. The formation of scientific research on the problems of artificial insemination dates back to 1932-1941. In the period of postwar reconstruction (1946-1948), scientific topics are characterized by more in-depth development of topics and experiments. The period of the highest creative activity of scientists in 1949–1990 - the existing and new methods of artificial insemination were improved. With the opening of state breeding stations and artificial insemination stations, the widespread use of this method in the practice of animal husbandry began. IV Smirnov's work was the impetus for the development of methods for freezing and long-term storage of sperm of broodstock. Embryo transplant work has been developed. The embryo has been established to implement the latest advances in farm animal biotechnology and to significantly expand the scope of international scientific contacts. At the beginning of the period of revival of Ukrainian statehood: 1991 - 1999 the issues of animal reproduction theory and further improvement on this basis of technologies for obtaining, cryopreservation and use of gametes and zygotes in artificial insemination and embryo transplantation, as well as development of more efficient biological environments and technical means new technologies.

Представлены результаты трансвагинальной аспирации ооцитов коров, а также оценен их потенциал к эмбриональному развитию после оплодотворения в условиях in vitro. Донорами яйцеклеток являлись половозрелые телки симментальской породы в возрасте 1619 мес. Животныедоноры (n7) перед проведением процедуры Ovum Pickup (OPU) были гормонально обработаны с целью стимуляции роста фолликулов. Количество выделенных ооцитов от индивидуальных доноров составило в среднем 7,7 ооциткумулюсных комплексов (ОКК), что соответствовало степени извлечения 54,57,7. Доля ОКК хорошего качества, рассчитанная от общего числа извлеченных ОКК, между отдельными животными существенно не различалась (значения варьировали от 60,0 до 75,0) и в среднем составила 67,21,9. ОКК с признаками нормальной морфологии подвергали in vitro процедурам созревания, оплодотворения и последующего культивирования до стадии бластоцисты. Доля раздробившихся ооцитов и выход бластоцист после in vitro осеменения яйцеклеток коров равнялась 75,7 и 24,3, соответственно. В целом от одного донора за сессию OPU было получено 1,3 эмбриона на стадии бластоцисты, содержащих в среднем 89,8 ядра. Оцененный способ экстракорпорального оплодотворения OPUооцитов коров позволяет получать эмбрионы, пригодные для замораживания и трансплантации реципиентам и может быть использован в программах по воспроизводству желаемых генотипов у крупного рогатого скота.In the present work, we report the data on transvaginal aspiration of bovine ovarian follicles and estimation of in vitro embryo development competence of collected oocytes. The oocytes were collected by ovum pickup OPU from seven 1619 monthold Simmental heifers, previously hormonallytreated in order to stimulate ovarian follicular growth. In average, 7.7 oocytecumulus complexes (OCCs) per heifer per OPU session were collected that corresponded to 54.57.7 of recovery rate. Morphologically, 60.075.0 of OCCs were the good quality and this rate did not significantly differ between the animals. Good quality OCCs (total n37) were then subjected to in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro embryo development up to blastocyst stage. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were 75.7 и 24.3 , respectively. In total, 1.3 blastocysts were obtained per cow per OPU session in average these blastocysts contained 89.9 cells. In conclusion, we developed the methodology of in vitro fertilization of bovine OPUcollected oocytes that allowed obtaining the blastocysts potentially suitable for freezing and transplantation to recipients. This approach can be used to multiply desired genotypes in cattle reproduction.

This article discusses the importance of embryo transplantation for cattle and obtaining an embryo by creating a superovulation for Simmental cattle, evaluating embryos by morphological parameters and determining their suitability for transplantation, as well as methods for extracting, evaluating the quality and transplantation of embryos. According to the results of insemination, 113 embryos were obtained from 9 donors. Of these, 76.7 % are suitable, the remaining 23.3 % are not suitable for transplantation, and an average of 12.5 embryos can be obtained from a single cow. From 6 donors, 71 embryos were obtained by insemination with bisexual sperm, 65 embryos are suitable, 6 embryos are not suitable for transplantation, in the middle 11.8 embryos from a cow. From 3 donors, 42 embryos were obtained by insemination with sexed seed, 26 suitable, 16 unsuitable for transplantation, and an average of 14 embryos from a cow

Проведена работа по получению высокоценных племенных бычков. Трансплантацию эмбрионов провели на базе ОАО Мордовиягосплем . В качестве реципиентов отобрали 10 телок помесей 1 поколения черно-пестрой и абердин ангусской пород. После пересадки эмбрионов приживаемость составила 50. Получено 4 бычка, ко- торые находились на подсосе 7 мес. Оценка экономической эффективности использования полученных бычков, проведенная через год после начала их использования в качестве производителей показала, что затраты на получение и выращивание 1 бычка, полученного методом трансплантации, начинают окупаться с первого года получения и реализации от них спермопродукции.Cattle embryo transplantation was carried out to obtain high-value breeding bull-calves on the basis of Mordoviyagosplem OJSC. As a result of the work, 10 cattle embryos were transplanted and 4 steers were obtained, which will later be used to obtain sperm production. An economic assessment of the work effectiveness is also given. Cattle embryo transplantation was carried out to obtain high-value breeding bull-calves on the basis of Mordoviyagosplem OJSC. As a result of the work, 10 cattle embryos were transplanted and 4 steers were obtained, which will later be used to obtain sperm production. An economic assessment of the work effectiveness is also given.

The use of biotechnological reproduction methods is a relevant issue since the embryo transfer, obtained after stimulating superovulation, can accelerate reproduction and improve the number of cattle. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various schemes for stimulating superovulation in cows of the Ukrainian black-pock dairy breed. Therewith, the study analysed the ovarian response to the drug “FSH-Super” under different introduction schemes: Step-up (gradual increase in the dose) and Step-down (gradual dose reduction) and recorded the number of embryos suitable for transplantation. Donor cows were administered the drug “Estrofan” to synchronise the sexual cycle. After 7 days, the drug “Ovarelin” was injected, and after another 7 days, the injection of the drug “Estrofan” was repeated in the same dose. Stimulation of superovulation began on the 10th day of the sexual cycle with the drug “FSH-super” in the form of eight gradually increasing (Step-up) and gradually decreasing (Step-down) doses within 4 days. Artificial insemination was performed 12 and 24 hours after the start of oestrus. During the study, it was discovered that in the group of cows with gradual dose reduction of the drug “FSH-Super”, 83.3% reacted with superovulation, and in the group with the gradual increase – only 71.4%. Therewith, the number of yellow bodies on two ovaries in a donor cow averages 15.6 and 9.2, respectively. An average of 12.4 and 7.8 embryos (Step-down and Step-up) were obtained from the donor, of which 7.8 and 4.2 are suitable for transplantation, respectively. However, in the group of cows with gradually decreasing doses, a higher number of embryos unsuitable for transplantation was obtained – 4.6 and unfertilised oocytes – 2.6, compared with the group of donors with gradually increasing doses, where these indicators are 3.6 and 1.0, respectively. Thus, the use of the drug “FSH-super” to donor cows according to the step-down introduction scheme allows getting more embryos suitable for transplantation. This will allow managing the biotechnological aspects of cattle reproduction and effectively and in a controlled manner accelerate the breeding process in farms of various forms of ownership, fixing the desired genotype in the herd

The article analyzes the agrarian enterprises business processes management and enterprises which providing their activity, based on the digitization technologies and other innovative solutions. High rates of technological and technological upgrades for their implementation require constant monitoring and implementation of innovative solutions in the agricultural management field and established economic links with organizations, which create and spread such innovations. The innovation implementation in a broad sense contributes to the labor productivity growth, saving resources, reducing costs, increasing production and sales, and improving efficiency. Authors propose to consider the digitalization technologies application in embryo transplant enterprises (laboratories) that provide agricultural enterprises with cattle embryos. The software, in combination with the biotechnology laser embryo division system, allows authors to automate the process and ensure its high quality, and the mathematical model formalization - to transfer the process methodology to almost all areas of animal husbandry. The result within Ukraine is the livestock herds restoration and higher productivity level transition in the direction of the slaughter weight and milk yield increasing, and improving the corresponding indicators of enterprises, industry, economy of the country. Such technologies form the requirements for agrarian management system, a qualitatively new level of professional education and behavior of specialists, which motivates to the end result. The formation of the agrarian management system as a whole requires the dititalization tools involvement in the process of innovations implementation. Thus, embryo transplant enterprises (laboratories) can and should make extensive use in addition to special (surgical) equipment and state-of-the-art laser equipment, digital equipment, software, IT tools. The state of embryo transplantation technologies development in animal husbandry and its improvement possibility through biotechnological processes automation and digitization with the use of a laser embryo division system allows to increase the process’ quality indicators. Algorithms that visualize the process of laser control and laser beam focusing are implemented by computer software. It is the "brain" of the biotechnological system and requires optimization of all system components’ parameters. Therefore, authors have solved the problem of technical means operating parameters optimization by biotechnological process utomation and digitization means of elite farm animals’ embryos laser division.