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1
Lobova, D., V. Kleinova, J. Konvalinova, P. Cerna, and D. Molinkova. "Laboratory diagnostics of selected feline respiratory pathogens and their prevalence in the Czech Republic." Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 1 (January 23, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/93/2017-vetmed.
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Respiratory problems in cats have a multifactorial character. Therapy without the detection of pathogen is often ineffective. Our study was therefore focused on the detection of important feline respiratory bacterial pathogens such as Mycoplasma felis, Chlamydia felis and Bordetella bronchiseptica and viral pathogens such as Felid alphaherpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus. The goal of this study was to map the occurrence of these pathogens in cat populations in the Czech Republic with the aim of introducing rapid and highly sensitive methods into routine diagnostics and to provide consulting services to animal health professionals based on the acquired data. A total of 218 cats were investigated in the study: 69 were outdoor and 149 were indoor cats. Three groups of animals were compared: up to one year of age (60 cats), one to three years of age (68 cats) and more than three years of age (90 cats). Samples were taken from conjunctiva and/or the oropharynx. Samples originated from cats with various forms of respiratory disease or from healthy cats from different parts of the Czech Republic. Real-Time RT-PCR, multiplex Real-Time PCR, nested PCR and sequencing analyses were performed. Outdoor cats were infected more often (84 detected pathogens in 69 cats) than indoor cats (110 detected infections in 149 cats). More than one pathogen was detected in a total of 38 cats, and six cats were infected with more than two pathogens. The difference was statistically significant in the case of co-infections, but not for mono-infections (P < 0.05). Kittens and young adults up to the age of one year were the most common reservoirs of respiratory infections (only 19 cats out of 60 were negative and positive cats often harboured coinfections). The difference in age groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Concerning the site of the sampling, feline calicivirus, M. felis and B. bronchiseptica were detected more often from oropharynx than from conjunctival swabs. M. felis was slightly more common in clinically diseased animals (39.6%) than in healthy ones (26.1%). The obtained results reveal the frequency of individual pathogens and their co-infections in cats kept on the territory of the Czech Republic, data which can be used to make the treatment of respiratory infections and breeding measures more effective. Therefore, the diagnostic methods are now available to veterinary surgeons with the possibility of consultation and discussion of the results.
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de Rivera, Christina, Jacqui Ley, Bill Milgram, and Gary Landsberg. "Development of a laboratory model to assess fear and anxiety in cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 6 (April 18, 2016): 586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16643121.
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Objectives The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a laboratory-based model to assess fear and anxiety in cats using the feline open-field test (OFT) and the feline human interaction test (HIT); and (2) to validate the model using diazepam, a known anxiolytic. Methods Laboratory-housed cats (n = 41) were first classified as fearful, mildly fearful or non-fearful by a technician familiar with the cats and also by veterinary behaviorists (GL, JL), by assessing the cats’ behavior in their home rooms. In experiment 1, each cat’s behavior was assessed in an OFT and an HIT. In experiment 2, after administration of the anxiolytic diazepam, a subset of the cats was re-tested. Results In experiment 1, the OFT revealed significant group effects on two measures: duration of inactivity, and vocalization. Fearful animals had significantly longer periods of inactivity than non-fearful animals. Non-fearful and mildly fearful cats vocalized more frequently than fearful cats. In the HIT, fearful cats travelled less than non-fearful and mildly fearful cats. Fearful and mildly fearful animals had significantly longer durations of inactivity, and non-fearful and mildly fearful cats had a significantly higher frequency of vocalization compared with fearful cats. In experiment 2, in the OFT, treatment with diazepam caused an increase in distance travelled, shorter durations of inactivity, and more frequent inactivity and vocalization. In the HIT, diazepam increased distance travelled and decreased duration of inactivity. Fearful cats spent significantly less time near the human compared with non-fearful cats, and this persisted under diazepam. Conclusions and relevance The feline OFT and feline HIT can be used jointly to assess the effects of medications or other therapies on fear and anxiety in the domestic cat.
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Fischer, Amy, Valerie AW Benka, Joyce R. Briggs, Joanne Maki, Kevin N. Morris, Kayla A. Myers, Linda Rhodes, George Robert Weedon, and Julie K. Levy. "Hybrid model intermediate between a laboratory and field study: A humane paradigm shift in feline research." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 9 (July 19, 2018): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18791872.
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Objectives: Non-surgical contraceptives are under development to provide accessible, affordable and humane alternatives for the management of free-roaming cat populations. The objective of this project was to develop a research approach for promising non-surgical contraceptives using outbred cats in a simulated free-roaming setting, meeting high standards for both animal welfare and scientific rigor. Methods: A facility, specially constructed with indoor and outdoor living areas, was approved and regulated as both an animal shelter and a United States Department of Agriculture research facility. Thirty female and five male cats, healthy but at high risk of euthanasia, were recruited from animal shelters and private homes. Guided by a detailed protocol, cats were housed in this facility for up to 18 months after acclimatization. Cats were administered the study product or a placebo, and then entered into a breeding trial. Cats were adopted at the end of the study. A range of methods was used to provide enrichment and balance a natural environment with the need for detailed daily monitoring. Results: Primary study results related to contraceptive safety and efficacy are published separately. Achieving a research model that is an intermediate step between a laboratory and an uncontained free-roaming cat colony was complex. Significant learnings shared in this current publication span: the selection of cats; acclimatization to a simulated colony environment; cat behavioral training during the study and in preparation for adoption; disease management; contract staff and volunteer support; and cat behavior throughout a breeding study. Conclusions and relevance: This model inspires continued movement away from the paradigm of breeding cats for research and instead sources existing cats at risk for euthanasia. The housing and management of the cats elevates research animals’ quality of life and provides positive post-study outcomes. While not appropriate for every feline research scenario, this hybrid model (between a laboratory and field study) proved to be a practical, humane and reliable scenario for research requiring a simulated real-world environment.
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Ujwala Ashokrao Jadhao, Chatraguna Eknathrao Lagad, and Rajesh Kundlikrao Ingole. "Laboratory animal handling techniques, basic facilities and care: A review." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.3.0239.
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Animals have been utilized in pharmaceutical scientific research and development for more than 300 years. Pharmaceutical items are a must in order to treat illnesses caused by viruses, bacteria, or homeostatic imbalance, among other causes. Pharmaceuticals must be thoroughly characterized via in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial investigations in order to be used in humans. It is essential to quantify organism's in vivo using animals whose physiology and genetics are most similar to those of humans. Common animals used for laboratory experimental research are Cats, Rats, Dogs, Mice, Guinea pigs and Monkeys. Handling of animals includes transportation, animal housing, temperature of cages, sanitation, water, and food options etc. Proper animal handling techniques affects the outcome of research study, so it very imperative to study and to practice the basics of animal handling techniques. This review is the small efforts to compile the scientific literature and basic information regarding laboratory animal handling techniques, basic facility and care.
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Ruthrauff, Cassandra M., Julie Smith, and Leigh Glerum. "Primary Bacterial Septic Peritonitis in Cats: 13 Cases." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 45, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0450268.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe the signalment, clinical signs, laboratory results, culture results, and response to treatment for primary septic peritonitis in cats. This is a retrospective study of 12 client-owned animals. Medical records were reviewed for clinical findings, laboratory results, microbial culture results, radiographic findings, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. The overall mortality rate for this group of cats was 31%, consistent with previous reports of septic peritonitis in cats. All cats that were both bradycardic and hypothermic on presentation did not survive. Other clinicopathological findings were consistent with previously reported cases of septic peritonitis in cats. Results suggest that clinicopathological findings and outcomes in cats with primary septic peritonitis are similar to those in cats with septic peritonitis from a determined cause. A specific mechanism of inoculation has yet to be determined, but an oral source of bacteria is suggested for cats with primary bacterial septic peritonitis.
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Cossaboom, Caitlin M., Alexandra M. Medley, Jessica R. Spengler, Esther A. Kukielka, Grace W. Goryoka, Tiffany Baird, Swity Bhavsar, et al. "Low SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and No Active Infections among Dogs and Cats in Animal Shelters with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Human Cases among Employees." Biology 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2021): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10090898.
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Human-to-animal and animal-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been documented; however, investigations into SARS-CoV-2 transmission in congregate animal settings are lacking. We investigated four animal shelters in the United States that had identified animals with exposure to shelter employees with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Of the 96 cats and dogs with specimens collected, only one dog had detectable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies; no animal specimens had detectable viral RNA. These data indicate a low probability of human-to-animal transmission events in cats and dogs in shelter settings with early implementation of infection prevention interventions.
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Calvet, Guilherme Amaral, Sandro Antonio Pereira, Maria Ogrzewalska, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Paola Cristina Resende, Wagner de Souza Tassinari, Anielle de Pina Costa, et al. "Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats of humans diagnosed with COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0250853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250853.
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Background Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in domestic animals has been related to close contact with humans diagnosed with COVID-19. Objectives: To assess the exposure, infection, and persistence by SARS-CoV-2 of dogs and cats living in the same households of humans that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and to investigate clinical and laboratory alterations associated with animal infection. Methods Animals living with COVID-19 patients were longitudinally followed and had nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal and rectal swabs collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis, and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) to investigate specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Results Between May and October 2020, 39 pets (29 dogs and 10 cats) of 21 patients were investigated. Nine dogs (31%) and four cats (40%) from 10 (47.6%) households were infected with or seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Animals tested positive from 11 to 51 days after the human index COVID-19 case onset of symptoms. Three dogs tested positive twice within 14, 30, and 31 days apart. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (3.4%) and two cats (20%). In this study, six out of thirteen animals either infected with or seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 have developed mild but reversible signs of the disease. Using logistic regression analysis, neutering, and sharing bed with the ill owner were associated with pet infection. Conclusions The presence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been identified in dogs and cats from households with human COVID-19 cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. People with COVID-19 should avoid close contact with their pets during the time of their illness.
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Grotheer, Maike, Johannes Hirschberger, Katrin Hartmann, Noemi Castelletti, and Bianka Schulz. "Comparison of signalment, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 7 (September 4, 2019): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19872428.
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Objectives Feline asthma (FA) and feline chronic bronchitis (CB) are common respiratory conditions in cats, frequently referred to as ‘feline lower airway disease’. However, the aetiologies of both inflammatory airway diseases are probably different. Little is known about the differences in signalment, clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities and radiographic features between cats with these two airway diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate whether certain parameters can help in differentiating between both diseases, as distinguished by airway cytology. Methods Seventy-three cats with FA and 24 cats with CB were included in the retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were compatible clinical signs and a cytological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicating either FA (eosinophilic inflammation) or CB (neutrophilic inflammation) without cytological or microbiological evidence of bacterial infection. Parameters of signalment, physical examination, haematology and thoracic radiographs of both disease groups were compared statistically ( P <0.05). Results The median age of cats with FA was 6 years, and was 7.5 years in cats with CB ( P = 0.640). The most commonly reported clinical signs in both groups were a cough (95% FA/96% CB; P = 1.000), pathological pulmonary auscultatory sounds (82% FA/79% CB; P = 0.766) and dyspnoea (73% FA/79% CB; P = 0.601). Abnormal radiographic lung patterns were detected in 94% of cats with FA and 91% with CB ( P = 0.629), respectively. Blood eosinophilia was significantly more common in cats with FA (40%) compared with CB (27%) ( P = 0.026). Conclusions and relevance The study indicates that a differentiation of FA and CB by means of signalment, a single clinical sign, and haematological and radiographic findings is not possible.
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Carlstead, Kathy, Janine L. Brown, and William Strawn. "Behavioral and physiological correlates of stress in laboratory cats." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 38, no. 2 (November 1993): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(93)90062-t.
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Platto, Sara, Agathe Serres, and Ai Jingyi. "Chinese College Students’ Attitudes towards Animal Welfare." Animals 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12020156.
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Understanding the attitude of stakeholders towards animals is critical for the development and improvement of animal welfare in a country. College students from veterinary, animal, and life sciences majors represent future key stakeholders that will interact with professionals from animal industries. Therefore, it is critical to understand these college students’ attitudes towards animals and their knowledge about animal welfare. The present survey aimed to investigate Chinese college students’ concerns towards different animal classes (i.e., pets, farm, laboratory, and wild animals) through the animal Sentient and Five Freedoms models. Chinese college students from different majors (i.e., related to animal sciences or not) scored very well in their attitude towards both the animal Sentient and Five Freedoms models, with differences depending on the animal class considered. Pets (dogs and cats) had better consideration for both animal Sentient and Five Freedoms models, followed by wild animals, while farm and laboratory animals were less considered. Veterinary science major students showed the strongest differences in attitudes depending on the animal classes considered compared to other majors. Furthermore, respondents showed better attitude scoring if they currently owned or had owned animals, had participated in animal welfare courses, or in laboratory work that involved animals. When compared to previous studies, our results suggest a general improvement of Chinese college students’ attitudes towards animals.
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Araújo, Diana, Carla Lima, João R. Mesquita, Irina Amorim, and Cristina Ochôa. "Characterization of Suspected Crimes against Companion Animals in Portugal." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 2744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092744.
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Animal crimes are a widespread phenomenon with serious implications for animal welfare, individual well-being and for society in general. These crimes are universal and represent a major problem in human/animal interaction. In Portugal, current law 69/2014 criminalizes the mistreatment and abandonment of companion animals. This study characterizes forensic cases received at the Laboratory of Pathology of the National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Investigation (Vairão) since the enforcement of the aforementioned legislation. A retrospective study was carried out based on the consult of 160 data files of forensic necropsies from 127 dogs and 33 cats. Necropsies confirmed prior crime suspicion in 38 cases (24%), from which 33 were dogs and five were cats. Among confirmed cases, most of assaulted animals were medium-size (57%), crossbreed (55%) male (58%) dogs (87%), which were the victims of blunt force trauma (31%), firearms (27%), poisoning (27%) and asphyxiation (15%). In cats, most of the assaulted animals were juvenile (60%) females (60%) of unknown breed (40%), which suffered blunt force trauma (100%) as the only cause of death. The present study shows that violence against animals is a reality, and complaints about these crimes are gradually increasing due to the population’s raising awareness about animal rights. Greater communication and coordination between clinicians, veterinary pathologists, and law enforcement officers are essential to validate and legally support these cases and subject them to trial.
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Meanger, J. D., and R. B. Marshall. "Campylobacter jejuni infection within a laboratory animal production unit." Laboratory Animals 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367789780863637.
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A conventional laboratory animal production unit in which rats, mice, guineapigs and rabbits were bred in one building and cats maintained in a separate, but adjacent area was examined for the presence of intestinal thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 18·84% of 552 animals. The infection rate was highest amongst the cats (51·7%), with rats being the second most commonly infected (23·2%), whereas only 7·7% of guineapigs and a single rabbit (1%) were positive. Campylobacter-like organisms were cultured from 10% of the mice, but these bacteria failed to grow on subsequent subculturing. By using bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA), a single type of C. jejuni was identified from all isolates recovered from the rats, guineapigs and a rabbit, suggesting a common source of infection. In contrast, there were 5 different BRENDA patterns derived from cat isolates. No isolates of C. jejuni were obtained from humans working within the unit or from animal bedding or the immediate environment, although it was suggested that the organism may have entered and spread within the unit from sawdust.
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Park, Eun-sil, Osamu Fujita, Masanobu Kimura, Akitoyo Hotta, Koichi Imaoka, Masayuki Shimojima, Masayuki Saijo, Ken Maeda, and Shigeru Morikawa. "Diagnostic system for the detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus RNA from suspected infected animals." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0238671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238671.
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Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and cats. Clinical symptoms of SFTS-infected cats resemble those of SFTS patients, whereas SFTS-contracted cats have high levels of viral RNA loads in the serum and body fluids. Due to the risk of direct infection from SFTS-infected cats to human, it is important to diagnose SFTS-suspected animals. In this study, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was newly developed to diagnose SFTS-suspected animals without non-specific reactions. Methodology/principle findings Four primer sets were newly designed from consensus sequences constructed from 108 strains of SFTSV. A RT-PCR with these four primer sets successfully and specifically detected four clades of SFTSV. Their limits of detection are 1–10 copies/reaction. Using this RT-PCR, 5 cat cases among 56 SFTS-suspected animal cases were diagnosed as SFTS. From these cats, IgM or IgG against SFTSV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but not neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT) test. This phenomenon is similar to those of fatal SFTS patients. Conclusion/significance This newly developed RT-PCR could detect SFTSV RNA of several clades and from SFTS-suspected animals. In addition to ELISA and PRNT test, the useful laboratory diagnosis systems of SFTS-suspected animals has been made in this study.
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Lien, Yu-Hsin, Hui-Pi Huang, and Pen-Heng Chang. "Iatrogenic Hyperadrenocorticism in 12 Cats." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 42, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0420414.
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Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism is an extremely rare condition in cats. Twelve cats with a medical history of progressive skin lesions and long-term treatment with corticosteroids were retrospectively studied. Noncutaneous signs in the cats were variable and included anorexia, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, and atrophy of the thigh muscles. Laboratory abnormalities included leukocytosis, elevated alanine aminotransferase levels, and hyperglycemia. Transient diabetes mellitus was a secondary complication in four cats, and transient hypothyroidism was suspected in four cats. The mean time for regression of signs was 4.9 months after corticosteroid withdrawal.
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Klinck, Mary P., Beatriz P. Monteiro, Bertrand Lussier, Martin Guillot, Maxim Moreau, Colombe Otis, Paulo VM Steagall, et al. "Refinement of the Montreal Instrument for Cat Arthritis Testing, for Use by Veterinarians: detection of naturally occurring osteoarthritis in laboratory cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 8 (September 18, 2017): 728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17730172.
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Objectives Feline osteoarthritis causes pain and disability. Detection and measurement is challenging, relying heavily on owner report. This study describes refinement of the Montreal Instrument for Cat Arthritis Testing, for Use by Veterinarians. Methods A video analysis of osteoarthritic (n = 6) and non-osteoarthritic (n = 4) cats facilitated expansion of scale items. Three successive therapeutic trials (using gabapentin, tramadol and oral transmucosal meloxicam spray) in laboratory cats with and without natural osteoarthritis (n = 12–20) permitted construct validation (assessments of disease status sensitivity and therapeutic responsiveness) and further scale refinements based on performance. Results Scale osteoarthritic sensitivity improved from phase I to phase III; phase III scale total score ( P = 0.0001) and 4/5 subcategories – body posture ( P = 0.0006), gait ( P = 0.0031), jumping (0.0824) and global distance examination ( P = 0.0001) – detected osteoarthritic cats. Total score inter-rater (intra-class correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.64–0.75), intra-rater (ICC = 0.90–0.91) and overall internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85) reliability were good to excellent. von Frey anesthesiometer-induced paw withdrawal threshold increased with gabapentin in phase I, in osteoarthritic cats ( P <0.001) but not in non-osteoarthritic cats ( P = 0.075). Night-time activity increased during gabapentin treatment. Objective measures also detected tramadol and/or meloxicam treatment effects in osteoarthritic cats in phases II and III. There was some treatment responsiveness: in phase I, 3/10 subcategory scores improved ( P <0.09) in treated osteoarthritic cats; in phase II, 3/8 subcategories improved; and in phase III, 1/5 subcategories improved ( P <0.096). Conclusions and relevance The revised scale detected naturally occurring osteoarthritis, but not treatment effects, in laboratory cats, suggesting future potential for screening of at-risk cats. Further study is needed to confirm reliability, validity (disease sensitivity and treatment responsiveness) and clinical feasibility, as well as cut-off scores for osteoarthritic vs non-osteoarthritic status, in client-owned cats.
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Tochieva, O. N., and M. V. Arisov. "Therapeutic efcacy of preparations in the form of a solution for external use based on imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and moxidectin at nematodosis of dogs and cats." Russian Journal of Parasitology 16, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-2-243-251.
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The purpose of the research is to study the therapeutic efcacy of drugs in the form of a solution for external use based on imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and moxidectin against gastrointestinal nematodes and Diroflaria spp. microflaria in dogs and cats.Materials and methods. . The studies were carried out on the basis of VNIIP (fl. Federal State Budgetary Scientifc Institution FNTs VIEV RAS) on dogs and cats of different sex and age, body weight spontaneously infected with parasites. The diagnosis, as well as the effectiveness of the drugs, was confrmed in a complex manner based on the anamnestic and epizootological data, the clinical picture and laboratory research methods (detection of helminth eggs in the animal's feces using the Fülleborn method with subsequent differentiation, microscopy of animal blood smears to detect microflariae). To rule out infection of animals (dogs) with babesia, blood samples were taken and a laboratory analysis was performed to detect parasites (Babesia canis).Results and discussion. 100% effectiveness of Insacar Total C (for dogs) and Insacar Total K (for cats) has been established for nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract (toxocarosis, toxascariosis, uncinariosis, hookworm, trichuriosis) and diroflariosis (the initial stage of the disease). Side effects and complications after treatment of animals with drugs were not revealed
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Klaasen, H. L. B. M., J. P. Koopman, M. E. Van Den Brink, M. H. Bakker, F. G. J. Poelma, and A. C. Beynen. "Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria in a wide range of vertebrate species." Laboratory Animals 27, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367793780810441.
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Segmented, filamentous bacteria (SFBs) form a group of bacteria with similar morphology and are identified on the basis of their morphology only. The relationships of these organisms are unclear as the application of formal taxonomic criteria is impossible currently due to the lack of an in vitro technique to culture SFBs. The intestine of laboratory animals such as mice, rats, chickens, dogs, cats and pigs is known to harbour SFBs. To see whether this extends to other animal species, intestines from 18 vertebrate species, including man, were examined. SFBs were detected with light microscopy in the cat, dog, rhesus monkey, crab-eating macaque, domestic fowl, South African claw-footed toad, carp, man, laboratory mouse and rat, wood mouse, jackdaw and magpie. These results suggest that non-pathogenic SFBs are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Among apparently identical animals, there was considerable variation in the degree of SFB colonization. It is suggested that SFB colonization could serve as a criterion of standardization of laboratory animals.
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Reagan, Krystle L., Lorelei L. Clarke, Jennifer R. Hawley, Phillip Lin, and Michael R. Lappin. "Assessment of the ability of Aedes species mosquitoes to transmit feline Mycoplasma haemofelis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 8 (July 14, 2016): 798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16658317.
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Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate wild-caught mosquitoes for evidence of hemotropic Mycoplasma species DNA and to determine whether the feline hemoplasmas, Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) and ‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ (Mhm), can be transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in a laboratory setting. Methods Wild-caught mosquito pools (50 mosquitoes per pool, 84 pools) utilized in routine public health department disease surveillance programs were tested for hemotropic Mycoplasma species DNA using PCR with primers designed to amplify all known hemoplasmas. Additionally, mosquitoes were trapped in the vicinity of known feral cat colonies, pooled (50 mosquitoes per pool) and tested (84 pools). Purpose-bred cats housed in a research facility were infected with Mhf or Mhm and then colonized laboratory A aegypti were fed upon the bacteremic cats. After a 7 day incubation period, mosquitoes previously fed on infected cats were allowed to feed again on naive cats, which were monitored for bacteremia for 10 weeks. Results Mycoplasma wenyonii DNA was confirmed in one wild-caught mosquito pool by DNA sequencing. While 7% of cats tested in feral colonies were hemoplasma positive, none of the mosquitoes trapped near colonies were positive. Hemoplasma DNA was amplified from A aegypti by PCR immediately after the infectious blood meal, but DNA was not detected at 7 and 14 days after feeding. Although evidence for uptake of organisms existed, hemoplasma DNA was not amplified from the experimentally infested cats in the 10 week observation period. Conclusions and relevance While wild-caught mosquitoes contained hemoplasma DNA and laboratory reared A aegypti mosquitoes take up hemoplasmas during the blood meal, there was no evidence of biologic transmission in this model.
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Gorinsky, V. I., V. V. Salautin, N. A. Pudovkin, S. D. Klyukin, and S. E. Salautina. "A comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of breast neoplasms in domestic unproductive animals." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 2 (July 23, 2022): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.2.74.
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The spread of oncological diseases is currently one of the main problems in both humanitarian and veterinary medicine. Despite the high achievements of domestic and foreign scientists of modern veterinary medicine in the field of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of oncological processes, the number of cancer-affected animals is quite large and continues to grow steadily. Therefore, improving the complex of diagnostic studies for neoplasms among dogs and cats is one of the priority areas of veterinary medicine. The research was conducted on the basis of the veterinary clinic of the Center for Animal Beauty and Health "Zoostyle" IP Gorinsky V.I. (Volgograd) and the Department of "Morphology, Pathology of Animals and Biology" of the Saratov State Agrarian University. In the period from 2018 to 2021, 244 patients, including 127 dogs and 117 cats, were examined by an oncologist at the veterinary clinic of the Zoostyle Center for Animal Beauty and Health.All the animals belonged to residents of the city of Volgograd. When an animal was admitted to the clinic for an oncological appointment, animals with any visual signs of a neoplasm in the projection of the breast were selected for research. As a result of the physical examination, based on the results of laboratory, X-ray and ultrasound examinations, MR tomography, it was found that breast tumors (OMJ) are more common among dogs and cats. In the population of dogs, OMH accounted for 33.8% (n=43) and 62.4% (n=73) of all cases of oncological pathology in cats. Depending on the gender, breast neoplasia was observed in females - 100%, in cats, females accounted for 89%, and males - 11%. The results obtained indicate that the introduction of a complex of modern high-tech diagnostic methods into veterinary oncology practice is a key element that significantly affects the prospects for providing specialized care and prognosis.
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Puls, Christopher, Aaron Johnson, Karrie Young, Jonathan Hare, Kelly Rosenkrans, Lisa Young, and Karen Moriello. "Efficacy of itraconazole oral solution using an alternating-week pulse therapy regimen for treatment of cats with experimental Microsporum canis infection." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 10 (October 13, 2017): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17735967.
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Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate itraconazole 10 mg/ml oral solution for the treatment of Microsporum canis infection using an alternating-week pulse therapy regimen in a controlled laboratory setting. Methods Eighty cats with experimentally induced infections were randomly assigned to treatment (itraconazole vs control [sterile water]), administered 5 mg/kg PO q24h for 1 week on alternate weeks for 5 weeks, followed by a 4 week follow-up period. Topical therapeutic treatment was not administered. Cats were individually housed in stainless steel cages that were cleaned and disinfected daily. Study measures included weekly fungal cultures, clinical lesion scores, Wood’s lamp examination and periodic laboratory monitoring. Mycological cure was defined as two consecutive negative cultures. Results Itraconazole-treated cats had significantly greater ( P = 0.0003) mycological cure compared with untreated controls (24/40 [60%] vs 1/40 [2.5%], respectively) and all of these reached clinical cure and had negative final Wood’s lamp examinations. Furthermore, 36/40 (90%) treated cats had at least one negative fungal culture by the end of the study vs only 3/40 (7.5%) control cats. For both treatment groups, prevalence of clinical cure peaked at the end of the study (week 9), with 39/40 (97.5%) itraconazole-treated cats and 6/40 (15%) control cats achieving clinical cure. Wood’s lamp negative examination rates were significantly greater ( P <0.0001) for itraconazole-treated cats compared with controls (39/40 cats [97.5%] vs 6/40 [15%], respectively) and followed the same pattern of improvement as primary clinical lesions. Conclusions and relevance In this controlled study, orally administered itraconazole using a 5 mg/kg pulse-dose treatment regimen reduced the time to mycological cure and increased both mycological and clinical cure rates compared with untreated controls.
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Francuski, Jelena, Nenad Andric, Vojislav Ilic, Milan Jovanovic, Mirjana Lazarevic-Macanovic, Vanja Krstic, and Milica Kovacevic-Filipovic. "Retrospective analysis of clinical pathological findings in obstruction of lower urinary pathways in cats." Veterinarski glasnik 67, no. 1-2 (2013): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1302117f.
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Diseases of the lower urinary pathways with urethral obstruction are frequent urological conditions demanding urgent treatment that lead to the occurrence of post renal azotemia due to difficult or disabled urine elimination. The aim of these investigations was to establish the most frequent causes for the occurrence of obstructions of the lower urinary pathways in cats, the most frequent clinical signs, as well as the changes in the hematological and biochemical blood and urine parameters. The obtained results indicate that the most frequent cause of urethral obstruction in cats is the presence of urethra stones, sand, and urethra plugs caused by the aggregation of struvite crystals on organic matrix. The laboratory findings showed that all animals were dehydrated, azotemia was established in half the animals, and signs of uremia were evident in 10% cats. Over 90% cats had disrupted tubular function, and only 50% had clear laboratory signs of inflammation. It can be concluded from the presented results that all cats with urethra obstruction exhibit a certain degree of disrupted kidney function, which is, in most cases, a reversible pathological change when treated with timely and adequate therapy.
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Caylor, KB, and MK Cassimatis. "Metronidazole neurotoxicosis in two cats." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 37, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-37-3-258.
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Two cats were presented for neurological dysfunction from suspected metronidazole toxicity. One cat was receiving 111 mg/kg body weight per day of metronidazole for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks, the dose was increased to 222 mg/kg body weight per day, and 2 days later the cat began to experience progressive neurological signs that culminated in generalized seizures. The second cat was receiving metronidazole at a total dose of 58 mg/kg body weight per day for 6 months. This cat experienced acute onset of ataxia and alteration in mentation. Laboratory evaluations in both cases were without significant findings. The neurological signs in both cats resolved within days of initiating supportive therapy and withdrawal of the drug. This report describes the two cases and discusses the etiology of metronidazole neurotoxicosis.
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Munhoz, Alexandre Dias, Izabela Garcia Pinto Coelho Simões, Ana Paula Fernandes Calazans, Ludimila Santos Macedo, Rebeca Dálety Santos Cruz, Luciana Carvalho Lacerda, Roueda Abou Said, and Marcos Rogério André. "Hemotropic mycoplasmas in naturally infected cats in Northeastern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 27, no. 4 (November 14, 2018): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120180074.
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Abstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence, factors associated, laboratory findings (with and without coinfection by retroviruses) among naturally infected cats by hemoplasmas in northeastern Brazil. For convenience, 200 domesticated and healthy cats were selected. Blood samples were taken to perform complete blood counts, serum biochemical, immunochromatography tests and nPCR for FIV and FeLV, and PCR for hemoplasma recognition. An interview was conducted to determine the factors associated with hemoplasmas. A total of 71/200 (35.5%) cats were positive for at least one hemoplasma species. Isolated infections were observed in 12,5% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 12% for Mycoplasma haemofelis and 3% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Regarding copositivity, 2% of the animals were positive for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', 1.5% for M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis', and 4.5% for ' Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. No clinical and laboratory changes were observed in the animals that were concomitantly positive for retroviruses and hemoplasmas. Periurban region cats were more likely to be infected by M. haemofelis, while contact with other cats and infection by ' Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' were associated with 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum'. This study indicates that infection by hemoplasmas is a common find in cats from northeastern Brazil.
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SG, Ciornei. "SARS-CoV-2 in Animals-Evolution and Associated Risks." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000196.
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It is emphasized that the medical staff is subject to a maximum risk, and so it is. Due to permanent contact with potentially contaminated patients, carriers may be infected or carry the virus. In this context, it is highlighted that veterinarians may have a high risk of infection. In the world literature, and international epizootic forums, it reports and publishes information on the presence of COVID19 in animals. Some animals have been confirmed with this virus, generally pets that come from families where there have been several carrier members. Pets that tested positive showed clinical signs of dyspnea, fever, impaired general condition, difficulty breathing. The International Office of Epizootics cites a few scattered cases in which they tested positive in laboratory tests, but their study led to some findings essential for understanding the epidemiology of the new disease. Obviously, in the case of dogs and cats found positive, the SARS-CoV-2 infection was linked to the situation of the owners, who were also positive. The thorough investigations revealed that in fact dogs and cats had not been the source of infection of the owners, but, they contracted the infection from their owners. And more clearly, it was not humans who turned out to be victims of animals, but vice versa. Among pets, cats and ferrets are the most blamed, they were also present in clinical manifestations and may possibly transmit the disease to other cats. Dogs don’t seem to be as sensitive. Veterinary medicine is in this situation caught in the middle: on the one hand it is obliged to investigate the possible source of animal infection, using its own and specific means of investigation, but on the other hand it has the professional duty to defend the innocence of some animal species, unjustly suspected and possibly incriminated. Let’s not forget that Covid 19 is a syndrome not a specific disease, and therefore clinical confusions are not impossible.
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Caney, Sarah. "Weight Loss in the Elderly Cat: Appetite is Fine, and Everything Looks Normal …" Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 11, no. 9 (September 2009): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.07.008.
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Practical relevance Improvements in general health care and nutrition have meant that more cats are living to an advanced age. Weight loss is one of the most common presenting signs in the older cat. Many causes of weight loss in older cats are at least amenable to supportive care and some are curable. Clinical challenges Weight loss is a non-specific change and, while often a sensitive indicator of ill health, does not readily point to the diagnosis. Careful history taking and physical examination may indicate a specific cause but, as discussed in this article, further tests are generally required to confirm the diagnosis. In those cats where common causes of weight loss have been eliminated by initial tests, it is often harder to reach a diagnosis. A logical approach to case-solving is required, making use of imaging and advanced laboratory tests. Occult gastrointestinal disease should be suspected and investigated in cats where another cause of weight loss cannot be found. Patient group While the average lifespan of a pet cat is probably around 13–14 years, many will live longer than this if well cared for, and some considerably longer. Recently, the life stages have been redefined to help predict the changes that might be occurring in terms of a cat's physical and mental health. Cats are considered ‘senior’ at 11–14 years old and ‘geriatric’ at 15 years and above. Audience Geriatric medicine is forming an increasing part of the case load of first opinion and many referral veterinarians. Weight loss is common in older cats and is often the result of several, sometimes interacting, conditions.
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Ponomarenko, G. V., V. L. Kovalenko, O. V. Ponomarenko, R. V. Severyn, A. M. Gontar, V. I. Shostak, A. M. Strashnenko, О. О. Humeniuk, and О. О. Andriienko. "Monitoring of Dermatophytosis incidence in domestic dogs and cats in Kharkiv, Ukraine." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2019-5-1-4.
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The spread of dermatophytosis among animals and humans in the localities of Ukraine in particular in the city of Kharkiv is due to the presence of range of the most susceptible animals. This information mainly concerns dogs and cats that can be affected by dermatophytosis and may be a reservoir of dermatophyte fungus. Particularly important is that domestic dogs and cats represent a significant epidemiological threat to the population. The purpose of the research was to monitor the morbidity of dermatophytosis in domestic dogs and cats in Kharkiv. Diagnostic studies of dermatophytosis morbidity level determination in domestic dogs and cats were performed complexly including the clinical and epizootic data, microscopic and mycological laboratory tests conducted according to generally accepted methods (Kovalenko et al., 2017; Sutton, Fothergill and Rinaldi, 2001). Dermatophytosis was diagnosed among 231 animals in the study of 1,277 domestic dogs kept by the inhabitants of the city of Kharkiv which was in 18.09% of samples. Dermatophytosis was also detected in 615 animals which constitutes 50.25% in the study of 1,124 cats. The cultures of dermatophytosis agent Microsporum canis were isolated from 126 dogs (18.98%) and 110 cats (40.74%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes cultures were isolated from 16 dogs (2.41%) and 16 cats (5.93%). The percentage of isolated cultures of mold and yeast-like fungi in the studies of sick dogs and cats were 38.55% and 22.25% respectively. Obtained results indicate quite high level of the dermatophytosis spreading among domestic dogs and cats in the city of Kharkiv.
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BAKER, M. G., L. D. LOPEZ, M. C. CANNON, G. W. DE LISLE, and D. M. COLLINS. "Continuing Mycobacterium bovis transmission from animals to humans in New Zealand." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 5 (March 29, 2006): 1068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806005930.
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New Zealand has a large reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild and farmed animals. This study aimed to assess the extent of human infection with this organism and the potential contribution of these animal sources. Combined epidemiological and laboratory investigation of human tuberculosis cases over the period 1995–2002 showed that M. bovis accounted for 2·7% (54/1997) of laboratory-confirmed human tuberculosis cases, a rate of 0·2/100000 population. M. bovis isolates from humans (23) were typed using restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and compared with isolates from wild and domestic animals (2600). Fourteen (61%) of the human isolates had REA patterns that were identical to patterns for isolates from cattle, deer, possums, ferrets, pigs, and occasionally cats. These results suggest a low level of ongoing M. bovis transmission from animal reservoirs to humans in New Zealand.
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Bertazzolo, W., L. Toscani, S. Calcaterra, L. Crippa, M. Caniatti, and U. Bonfanti. "Clinicopathological Findings in Five Cats with Paw Calcification." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 5, no. 1 (February 2003): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jfms.2002.0195.
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This retrospective study describes the clinicopathological findings in five cats with soft tissue mineralisation of interdigital spaces and footpads. Paw disease was the reason for veterinary consultation in three out of five cats. All cats had laboratory findings suggestive of renal failure and high solubility product [calcium x phosphorus]. In all cases, cytological examination of paw lesions was suggestive of calcinosis. The results of our study agree with two previous case reports of paw calcification in the cat, suggesting a metastatic pathogenesis and a correlation between paw mineralisation and renal failure.
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Sousa-Filho, Reginaldo P., Diana CS Nunes-Pinheiro, Keytyanne O. Sampaio, Ellen CB da Silva, Grazielle ASA Cavalcanti, and Marina Gabriela MC Mori da Cunha. "Clinical outcomes of 28 cats 12–24 months after urethrostomy." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 10 (December 6, 2019): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19888808.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the long-term clinical outcomes and quality of life of cats having undergone perineal urethrostomy (PU) or prepubic urethrostomy (PPU). Methods This clinical study followed 28 cats (PU, n = 22; PPU, n = 6) that underwent a urethrostomy, with a minimum of 1 year postoperative follow-up. Medical records, pet owner surveys and urologic laboratory tests were used for assessment. Urologic laboratory tests included serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), serum creatinine, urinalysis, urine specific gravity (USG), urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio and urine culture. Results The main indications for urethrostomy were multiple catheterizations and PU stricture. The overall complication rates of PU and PPU were 31.8% and 83.3%, respectively. Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and urine scald dermatitis were less frequent in PU than in PPU cats (UTI 22.7% vs 66.6%; dermatitis 4.5% vs 83.3%). Bacteriuria was present in 77.2% and 100% of PU and PPU cats, respectively. Owner satisfaction rates were excellent in 81.8% of PU and 33.3% of PPU cases. Conclusions and relevance A proportion of cats that underwent urethrostomy showed bacteriuria, recurrent UTIs and increased levels of SDMA. PPU is important as a salvage procedure; however, it should be limited to cases in which standard techniques for PU cannot be performed, owing to the potential for recurrent complications and lower owner satisfaction.
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Zenchenkova, A. P. "STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RALTEGRAVIR (ISENTRESS, MSD, USA) IN REGENERATIVE ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL LEUKEMIA IN CATS." Scientific Life 16, no. 4 (2021): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-509-518.
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The leukemia virus is widespread in the population of domestic cats and, despite the study of this disease, there is no effective therapy aimed at complete eradication of the virus from the body of an infected animal. One of the most life-threatening conditions associated with the frequent death and euthanasia of infected animals is anemia. This retrospective study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the drug “Isentress” (MSD, USA) with the active substance Raltegravir against regenerative anemia associated with feline viral leukemia. In the group of animals receiving this drug, a decrease in the concentration of the virus in the blood was recorded, as well as an improvement in the hematological parameters of red blood. Hematological indicators and the concentration of the virus showed positive dynamics in one of the cats in the group of animals that did not take Raltegravir, but the connection with the owner of this animal was lost, which does not allow us to draw final conclusions about the nature of these laboratory phenomena. The viral load increased when the drug was discontinued, which characterizes the need for lifelong administration of Raltegravir. There were no side effects requiring withdrawal of the drug. The only registered side effect was lethargy in one of the infected cats, but it was not possible to associate apathy with taking the drug due to the presence of hematological abnormalities associated with severe anemia in the animal at the time of the side effect. Raltegravir has shown efficacy and safety when taken in cats with regenerative anemia associated with feline viral leukemia, however, further studies are required to assess the safety of the drug when taken for a long time in infected cats.
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Jones, Emily, John Alawneh, Mary Thompson, and Rachel Allavena. "Association between case signalment and disease diagnosis in urinary bladder disease in Australian cats and dogs." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211004008.
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Urinary bladder diseases are common in dogs and cats; however, there is little published work on urinary bladder disease in Australian pets. We identified pathology records of Australian dogs and cats with urinary bladder tissue submitted to the University of Queensland Veterinary Laboratory Service during 1994–2016 ( n = 320). We described the proportion of bladder diseases in dogs and cats, and applied the less-commonly used logistic regression procedure to quantify associations between signalment variables and disease diagnosis that were evident using descriptive statistics alone. After preliminary analysis, both species were combined because of similar results. Spayed/castrated animals were 74% less likely to be diagnosed with cystitis compared with intact animals. Animals 4–11 y old were also at lower risk of being diagnosed with cystitis compared with younger or older animals. Male animals were at increased risk of neoplasia compared to females, which contrasts with reports from North America and Europe. There was increased risk for developing neoplasia with progressive age, with up to 20 times higher odds in the > 11-y age group. Logistic regression modeling provided unique insight into proportionate morbidity of urinary bladder diseases in Australian dogs and cats.
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Morozenko, Dmytro, Yevheniia Vashchyk, Andriy Zakhariev, Nataliia Seliukova, Dmytro Berezhnyi, and Kateryna Gliebova. "Diabetes mellitus in domestic cats: clinical cases from veterinary practice." ScienceRise: Biological Science, no. 4(33) (December 30, 2022): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-8025.2022.266536.
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The aim: to analyze clinical cases of diabetes mellitus in cats and establish the effectiveness of clinical and laboratory research and treatment of animals with the help of insulin therapy.
Materials and methods. The material for the study were domestic cats admitted to the veterinary medicine clinic "Doctor Vet" (Lviv).
Results. Clinical case 1. Cat Bonya, age 10 years, body weight 4 kg. symptoms: polyuria/polydipsia and weight loss. Examination: cachexia, weakness, pale mucous membranes, unsteady gait. Blood glucose - 20.4 mmol/l, urine analysis - pH=6.0, glucose ++++, no ketones detected. Diagnosis: diabetes. For glycemic control - caninsulin at 0.25 IU/kg every 12 hours. After the start of insulin therapy, the animal's condition improved, after 2 months - an attack of hypoglycemia, blood glucose 3.0 mmol/l. The introduction of insulin was stopped for 10 days, after 10 days the cat's appetite is normal, polyuria and polydipsia are not observed, body weight gain is 300 g, blood glucose without insulin therapy is 8.0 mmol/l.
Clinical case 2. Cat Eva, age 12 years, body weight 6.7 kg, symptoms: polyuria/polydipsia during the last two weeks, increased appetite, diet - raw meat, meatballs, buckwheat porridge, boiled carrots, beets. Blood glucose 22.9 mmol/l, urine analysis – pH = 6.0, glucose ++++, ketones +. Diagnosis: diabetes. Treatment: Lantus 2 IU subcutaneously every 12 hours. After the start of insulin therapy, the condition improved, after 2 months, blood glucose was 9.00 - 13.0 mmol/l; 15.00 – 8.0 mmol/l, 21.00 – 12.0 mmol/l, glucose and ketones are absent in the urine.
Conclusions. In the first clinical case, the cat there was a decrease in demand in insulin “Caninsulin” on the background of insulin therapy. In the second clinical case, insulin therapy with the help of "Lantus" insulin allows you to reach a level of glycemia at which diabetes stops progressing, the clinical condition of the animal normalizes, which indicates the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment. Thus, we can say that diabetes in small domestic animals is a rather severe endocrine pathology, which has typical clinical and laboratory symptoms and can be successfully treated with the help of a complex medical and diagnostic approach, based on insulin therapy
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Gustafson, Tanya L., Armando Villamil, Bonnie E. Taylor, and Andrea Flory. "A Retrospective Study of Feline Gastric Lymphoma in 16 Chemotherapy-Treated Cats." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5989.
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The purposes of this study were to describe cases of feline gastric lymphoma with regards to signalment, clinical presentation, laboratory and ancillary study findings, response to therapy, and outcomes and to identify prognostic variables. Sixteen cats with stage I and II gastric lymphoma treated with chemotherapy were included in this study. Seventy-five percent of cats experienced remission. Overall, first remission duration was 108 days. Response to treatment was prognostic as in other types of feline lymphoma. Cats with a complete remission (CR) had longer survival times compared with cats with a partial remission (PR). Sex and treatment with a rescue protocol were found to be prognostic with castrated males having longer survivals than spayed females. Cats that received rescue chemotherapy had shorter first remission durations than those that did not. Prior treatment with steroids and stage were not found to be significant prognostic variables. This study characterizes gastric lymphoma treated with chemotherapy in cats. Further studies are needed to determine the comparative efficacy of surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments for feline gastric lymphoma.
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Sohn, Joanne, Theresa Gruber, and Gaylord M. Brown. "Retrospective Study on the Effects of Long-Term Use of Methylprednisolone Acetate on the Blood Work of 25 Cats." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6783.
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ABSTRACT Twenty-five cats at a private animal sanctuary received multiple nonimmunosuppressive doses of parenteral methylprednisolone acetate for at least 3 yr. Complete blood count, chemistry, and T4 results from these cats were examined to look for statistically significant changes. Results found significant changes in triglycerides, amylase, and monocytes. However, these changes remained within the reference interval. All other values showed no significant changes. These results suggest that after 3 yr of chronic parenteral administration of nonimmunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate, the complete blood count, chemistry, and T4 values in 25 cats were not significantly affected and did not result in abnormal laboratory values.
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Aulakh, Harmeet K., Karanvir S. Aulakh, and Gregory C. Troy. "Feline Histoplasmosis: A Retrospective Study of 22 Cases (1986–2009)." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 48, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5758.
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Twenty-two cases of feline histoplasmosis seen at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital between 1986 and 2009 were reviewed. The median age of affected cats was 9 yr (mean, 8.8 yr). Female domestic shorthairs were more commonly affected. The clinical presentation of most cases was nonspecific. The most common presenting complaints included weakness, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and anorexia. Less frequent clinical signs included vomiting, diarrhea, blindness, and lameness. Less than half of the cats had clinical evidence of pulmonary disease on admission. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were common laboratory abnormalities. An interstitial pattern was the most common radiographic pattern observed with pulmonary disease. Diagnosis was based on identification of the organism on cytology or histopathology. Fifteen of the 22 cats were treated, and itraconazole was the most common antifungal agent prescribed. Median duration of the antifungal treatment was 5 mo for cats that survived to discharge. Overall survival at time of discharge for cats in this study was 55%.
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Viebrock, Kayla A., and Jeff Dennis. "Hypoglycemic episodes in cats with diabetes mellitus: 30 cases (2013–2015)." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 6 (August 17, 2017): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17722853.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to review the characteristics of diabetic cats presenting to a specialty and emergency center for signs attributed to hypoglycemia and to identify the factors that may have contributed to the hypoglycemic episode, the patient’s clinical signs and laboratory findings, and the response of hypoglycemic cats to therapy. Methods Twenty-eight cats were presented a total of 30 times for symptomatic hypoglycemia. Data were collected from cat owners at the time of presentation and from subsequent patient records. Results The majority of cats presented for neurologic signs attributed to the reduced ingestion or subsequent vomiting of a meal after insulin had been administered or the accidental double-dosing of insulin. Concurrent illnesses that may have affected insulin requirements were also common. Conclusions and relevance Cats that demonstrated clinical improvement within 12 h of treatment were more likely to recover despite their mental status and glucose level on presentation.
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Brunt, Scott, Heather Solomon, Kathleen Brown, and April Davis. "Feline and Canine Rabies in New York State, USA." Viruses 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030450.
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In New York State, domestic animals are no longer considered rabies vector species, but given their ubiquity with humans, rabies cases in dogs and cats often result in multiple individuals requiring post-exposure prophylaxis. For over a decade, the New York State rabies laboratory has variant-typed these domestic animals to aid in epidemiological investigations, determine exposures, and generate demographic data. We produced a data set that outlined vaccination status, ownership, and rabies results. Our data demonstrate that a large percentage of felines submitted for rabies testing were not vaccinated or did not have a current rabies vaccination, while canines were largely vaccinated. Despite massive vaccination campaigns, free clinics, and education, these companion animals still occasionally contract rabies. Barring translocation events, we note that rabies-positive cats and dogs in New York State have exclusively contracted a raccoon variant. While the United States has made tremendous strides in reducing its rabies burden, we hope these data will encourage responsible pet ownership including rabies vaccinations to reduce unnecessary animal mortality, long quarantines, and post-exposure prophylaxis in humans.
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Łagowski, Dominik, Sebastian Gnat, Mariusz Dyląg, and Aneta Nowakiewicz. "Laboratory Diagnosis and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Trichophyton quinckeanum from Human Zoonoses and Cats." Antibiotics 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060739.
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The “One Health” concept increasingly demonstrates the global spread of pathogenic (also eukaryotic) microorganisms and their zoonotic potential. Dermatophytes can cause superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Furthermore, the number of transmissions from asymptomatic carriers to humans has been on the rise over the last few years. This study was focused on the detailed characterisation of clinical isolates of Trichophyton quinckeanum with epidemiological analyses and characterisation of their in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns. The isolated dermatophytes were identified with a combination of conventional and molecular methods. In turn, their susceptibility in vitro was tested according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 ed.3 protocol. A total of 36 strains were isolated, with 21 cases of T. quinckeanum zoonoses resulting from direct contact with symptomatic cats (58.3%). The other 15 strains (41.7%) were isolated simultaneously from healthy cats and their owners. All strains showed high susceptibility to allylamine, pyridinone, and phenyl morpholine derivatives but were resistant to fluconazole and ketoconazole. In conclusion, our study shows the frequency of zoonoses contracted from asymptomatic cats. Moreover, the antifungal susceptibility profiles indicate the serious risk posed to animal owners by resistant strains of T. quinckeanum, which are often responsible for recalcitrant-to-treatment cases.
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Fried, Arno, Kenneth Shapiro, Futoshi Takei, and Ira Kohn. "A laboratory model of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus." Journal of Neurosurgery 66, no. 5 (May 1987): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.66.5.0734.
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✓ This study was designed to determine whether implanting shunts in hydrocephalic cats produced the same biomechanical changes as have previously been found in children with shunts. Neuraxis volume-buffering capacity (pressure-volume index: PVI) and the resistance to the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined before and 3 weeks after placing shunts in 16 hydrocephalic cats. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored for at least 6 hours after the shunts were occluded. The brains were perfused in vivo and removed to assess the size of the ventricles. The mean PVI of the hydrocephalic cats was 3.6 ± 0.2 ml (± standard error of the mean) before the shunts were placed. Three weeks after adequate shunt function was first established, the mean PVI decreased to 1.1 ± 0.1 ml and was similar to values determined in control animals. Prior to shunt placement, the resistance to the absorption of CSF was 28.4 ± 4.5 mm Hg/ml/min and did not vary with ICP. This parameter changed after shunting and increased as a function of ICP (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). At ICP's below 20 mm Hg, the resistance to the absorption of CSF was 65.0 ± 18.0 mm Hg/ml/min but increased to 220.0 ± 40.5 mm Hg/ml/min when determined at ICP's above 20 mm Hg. Corroborating evidence for this linkage of resistance to the absorption of CSF to ICP was found in the inexorable rise of ICP during the 6 hours of monitoring after the shunts were occluded. After shunt placement, the ventricles were normal in size in 12 cats and slightly enlarged in four. The biomechanical profile and pressure response to shunt occlusion in this laboratory model resembles that previously described in shunt-dependent children. As in humans, shunt placement in hydrocephalic cats results in normalization of the PVI and a linkage of the resistance to the absorption of CSF to ICP. The significance of these changes as they relate to shunt dependency is discussed.
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Evangelista, Gabriela CL, Lorraine RSM Dornelas, Cristiane CV Cintra, Fabrício L. Valente, Evandro S. Favarato, Leandro A. da Fonseca, and Emily CC Reis. "Evaluating feline lower urinary tract disease: Doppler ultrasound of the kidneys." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 25, no. 1 (January 2023): 1098612X2211454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x221145477.
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Objectives Ultrasonography is used in the evaluation of urinary disorders, and the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) have been successfully used to detect early hemodynamic changes in the course of kidney diseases in humans and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate RI and PI in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). Methods Twenty-nine client-owned cats were selected and divided into a control group (CG; n = 10), a group of animals with obstructive FLUTD (OG; n = 11) and non-obstructive FLUTD (nOG; n = 8). Clinical, laboratory and ultrasound evaluations were performed in all cats. Results RI and PI values for cats in the CG were below the upper limit of normal suggested in other studies, while cats with FLUTD showed significantly higher values in the assessment of RI ( P = 0.027 and P = 0.034, respectively) and PI ( P = 0.044 and P = 0.048, respectively) of the right and left kidneys. Conclusions and relevance Alteration in renal blood flow was observed in cats with lower urinary tract disorders, even in the nOG group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of renal blood flow changes related to non-obstructive FLUTD.
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Sarbu, Luminita, Barbara E. Kitchell, and Philip J. Bergman. "Safety of administering the canine melanoma DNA vaccine (Oncept) to cats with malignant melanoma – a retrospective study." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x15623319.
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Objectives A xenogeneic human tyrosinase DNA vaccine was developed for treatment of dogs with oral malignant melanoma (Oncept; Merial). No studies have evaluated the safety or efficacy of this vaccine in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of the canine melanoma vaccine in cats diagnosed with melanoma. Methods Medical records were reviewed from cats diagnosed with malignant melanoma and treated with the canine melanoma DNA vaccine (Oncept). Data regarding signalment, melanoma location, treatments received, vaccine adverse effects and cause of death were collected. Results A total of 114 melanoma vaccines were administered to 24 cats. Seven cats (11.4%) had clinical adverse effects from a total of 13 vaccines classified as grade 1 or 2 based on the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group’s common terminology criteria for adverse events v1.1. These included pain on vaccine administration, brief muscle fasciculation, transient inappetence, depression, nausea and mild increase in pigmentation at the injection site. Nineteen cats were deceased at study close. The most common cause of death was melanoma (14 cats). Hematological and biochemical changes were observed in six cats, five of which had concurrent disease or treatments that likely caused or greatly contributed to the laboratory abnormalities found. Therefore, these adverse events were considered unlikely to be caused by the melanoma vaccine. One cat had transient grade 1 hypoalbuminemia, which was possibly caused by the vaccination but not thoroughly evaluated. Conclusions and relevance The canine melanoma DNA vaccine can be safely administered to cats, with minimal risk of adverse effects.
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Tochieva and Arisov. "STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF COMBINED IMIDACLOPRID-, PYRIPROXYFEN- AND MOXIDECTIN-BASED DRUGS AGAINST ECTOPARASITOSIS IN DOGS AND CATS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.459-464.
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We studied therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of new drugs against ectoparasitosis in dogs and cats. New veterinary drugs for dogs and cats were developed with the combined active substances (Imidacloprid, Pyriproxyfen and Moxidectin) in the form of a spot-on solution for external application at the premises of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV. The difference between the drugs is the different content of Moxidectin – the Moxidectin content is 2.5 times higher in the drug for dogs than the drug for cats. The studies were performed on dogs and cats of different sex, age, body weight and breed spontaneously infected with pathogens of acariasis and entomosis in the settings of the Podolsk Experimental Production Base of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV and in a Moscow veterinary clinic in 2021. Experimental and control groups were formed according to the principle of analogues. The diagnosis and drug efficacy were confirmed holistically based on the anamnestic and epizootological data, clinical picture and laboratory research methods (microscopy of scraps taken from the affected areas of the skin, and examination of the coat for fleas, lice, chewing lice and ixodid ticks). Babesiosis (piroplasmosis) was excluded in the dogs. The drugs were used in the experimental group of animals in the dose range of 0.1–0.4 mL per kg of the body weight of the animal according to the Draft Instructions for Use. It was found that the drugs showed high therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against sarcoptic mange of dogs, notoedric mange of cats, otodectic mange and entomosis of dogs and cats, as well as ixodid ticks attacking animals.
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Schaefer, Sandra, Hans S. Kooistra, Barbara Riond, Jan S. Suchodolski, Jörg M. Steiner, Marrit Prins, Eric Zini, and Claudia E. Reusch. "Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total thyroxine, feline pancreas-specific lipase and urinary corticoid-to-creatinine ratio in cats with diabetes mellitus in Switzerland and the Netherlands." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 8 (August 30, 2016): 888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16664390.
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Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), feline pancreas-specific lipase (fPLI) and total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations and urinary corticoid-to-creatinine ratio (UCCR) as indicators for the prevalence of acromegaly, pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism and hypercortisolism in cats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Blood and urine samples were collected from diabetic cats treated in primary care clinics in Switzerland and the Netherlands. Standardised questionnaires and physical examination forms provided clinical information from owners and veterinarians. Laboratory testing included serum biochemistry profile analysis and measurement of circulating fructosamine, IGF-1, fPLI, and TT4 concentrations and UCCR. CT of the pituitary gland was performed using a multidetector computed tomography scanner. Results Blood samples were available from 215 cats and urine samples were collected at home from 117 cats. Age ranged from 2–18 years (median 12 years) and body weight from 2.7–12.3 kg (median 5.5 kg). Sixty-five percent of the cats were castrated male and 35% were female (33% spayed); 82% were domestic shorthair cats. Eighty percent of cats received a porcine insulin zinc suspension, 19.5% insulin glargine and 0.5% a human neutral protamine hagedorn insulin. Thirty-six of 202 (17.8%) cats had IGF-1 concentrations >1000 ng/ml. Serum fPLI, and TT4 concentrations and UCCR were increased in 86/196 (43.9%), 9/201 (4.5%) and 18/117 cats (15.3%), respectively. Prevalence did not differ between countries. Conclusions Hyperthyroidism is rare, whereas increased fPLI concentration, possibly reflecting pancreatitis, is common in diabetic cats. The high UCCR may reflect activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, which also occurs in diabetic humans. The percentage of cats with increased IGF-1 was high but lower than reported in recent studies.
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Arbona, Nichole, Christine D. Butkiewicz, Minta Keyes, and Lisa F. Shubitz. "Clinical features of cats diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis in Arizona, 2004–2018." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19829910.
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Objectives The goal of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of coccidioidomycosis in cats residing in a region endemic for Coccidioides species. Methods A retrospective review of records was performed at both primary and tertiary care veterinary practices in Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, diagnostic test results, treatment and outcome. Results Fifty-one feline cases were identified from six veterinary hospitals. Cats presented with clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities similar to what has been seen in dogs, including respiratory illness (n = 20/51), neutrophilia (n = 24/31), monocytosis (n = 17/31) and hyperglobulinemia (n = 16/30). However, cats at diagnosis were typically significantly ill, with 31/51 having disseminated infection, most commonly to the skin (n = 22). Additionally, 43/44 cats that had serum antibody tests performed were positive, and median titer at diagnosis was 1:32 (range 1:4 to ⩾1:256). Serum antibody titers were significantly reduced ( P ⩽0.001) in cats that responded to treatment compared with cats that did not clinically improve. Forty of 46 cats that were treated with oral fluconazole responded and did not require additional therapy. Fourteen cats developed recurrent disease and all but one had antifungal therapy successfully reinstituted. Conclusions and relevance Coccidioidomycosis is a disease of concern for cats residing in the regions endemic for Coccidioides species. Disease is most often disseminated at the time of diagnosis, possibly due to delays in presentation for care and recognition of the infection. Suspicion of disease, serum chemistries, blood cell counts, presence of antibody and imaging aid in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in cats. Serum antibody reduction during treatment frequently correlated with an adequate response to medication. Consideration of coccidioidomycosis as a cause of illness will lead to earlier diagnosis and potentially better treatment outcomes in cats.
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Mazur, M., N. Mazur, and I. Polupan. "Видова характеристика епізоотії сказу в Україні за 2011–2016 рр." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 73 (January 7, 2017): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7333.
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The article presents analysis of dynamics of the animal rabies incidence and characteristics of rabies epizootic situation for the animal species in Ukraine from 2011–2016. We analyzed the laboratory research expertise, reports of regional departments of Veterinary Medicine and the State Veterinary and Phytosanitary Service of Ukraine (now State Service of Ukraine on issues of food safety and consumer protection) for the period from 2011 to 2016, and the information that is presented in the Rabies Bulletin Europe. During this period in Ukraine registered 8807 cases of rabies among 17 animal species. Analysis of rabies cases indicates that the main reservoir of rabies virus among wild animals is foxes. Fox incidence rate ranged from 38.8% in 2014 to 31.2% in 2016 from total cases of rabies. Among domestic animals, the first place in the structure of the incidence of rabies is occupied cats, part of which is 25.9% in 2014 to 32.5% in 2016. In the second place are dogs, which account for 18% in 2012 to 23.5% in 2016 of the total number of animal rabies cases. Increased incidence of domestic animals, especially in cats and dogs, are the result of an incomplete rabies vaccination coverage and direct evidence of improper performance of the current "Instructions for measures to combat and prevent of rabies."
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Haskins, M. E., E. J. Otis, J. E. Hayden, P. F. Jezyk, and L. Stramm. "Hepatic Storage of Glycosaminoglycans in Feline and Canine Models of Mucopolysaccharidoses I, VI, and VII." Veterinary Pathology 29, no. 2 (March 1992): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589202900203.
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Livers from normal cats and dogs, cats with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) I and VI, and dogs with MPS VII were analyzed biochemically and morphometrically to determine the lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in these animal models of human genetic disease. Analyses were performed on liver samples from seven normal cats ranging in age from 13 weeks to 15 months; six MPS I-affected cats ranging in age from 10 weeks to 26 months; four MPS VI-affected cats ranging in age from 9 months to 32 months; four normal dogs ranging in age from 1 month to 47 months; and three MPS VII-affected dogs, 5 days, 11 days, and 14 months of age. All of the animals were from the breeding colony at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine and were maintained in accordance with national standards for the care and use of laboratory animals. Each GAG subclass was quantitated, and total GAG concentration was determined. Liver from cats with MPS I had the highest total GAG concentration (5.7 times that of the control), followed by liver from dogs with MPS VII (1.8 times) and cats with MPS VI (1.5 times). These data were very closely correlated ( R2 = 0.982) with the results of the morphometric analyses of hepatocyte and Kupffer cell vacuolation associated with lysosomal storage and support the validity of both methods. This is particularly important for the quantification of total and individual GAG concentrations in tissue preparations. The values obtained should prove useful in future assessments of therapeutic regimes, such as enzyme replacement, bone marrow transplantation, and gene therapy, for these genetic diseases.
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Wilmes, Dunja, Ursula Mayer, Peter Wohlsein, Michael Suntz, Jasmin Gerkrath, Christoph Schulze, Ina Holst, Wolf von Bomhard, and Volker Rickerts. "Animal Histoplasmosis in Europe: Review of the Literature and Molecular Typing of the Etiological Agents." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080833.
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Histoplasmosis has been previously diagnosed in animals from Europe. The aim of this study is to review the literature on these reports, to analyze cases diagnosed at our laboratory (2000–2022) and to improve molecular typing of Histoplasma capsulatum directly from tissue to study the molecular epidemiology of Histoplasma capsulatum causing animal infections in Europe. Including 15 cases studied in our laboratory, we identified 39 cases of animal histoplasmosis between 1968 and 2022. They were diagnosed mostly in superficial tissue biopsies from cats and badgers from Central Europe. Using phylogenetic analyses of six partial genes, we were able to classify eight of the etiological agents as belonging to a highly supported lineage within the Eurasian clade. This study confirms the occurrence of autochthonous histoplasmosis in animals in Central Europe and proposes the addition of new loci to the MLST scheme to study the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis using either formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and fresh or cadaveric biopsies.
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Summers, Stacie C., Rebecca Ruch-Gallie, Jennifer R. Hawley, and Michael R. Lappin. "Effect of modified live or inactivated feline herpesvirus-1 parenteral vaccines on clinical and laboratory findings following viral challenge." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 8 (July 18, 2016): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16659333.
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Objectives The objective was to investigate the effect of one dose of an inactivated feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV) and panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccine (FVRCP) or one dose of a modified live (ML) FVRCP vaccine on clinical signs and shedding of FHV-1 in specific pathogen-free kittens after challenge with FHV-1 7 days after vaccination. Methods Twenty-four FHV-1 seronegative 5-month-old kittens were randomized into three groups of eight kittens. Group 1 kittens were maintained as unvaccinated controls, group 2 kittens were administered one dose of the inactivated FVRCP vaccine subcutaneously (SC) and group 3 kittens were administered one dose of the ML FVRCP vaccine SC. All 24 cats were administered FHV-1 by nasal and oropharyngeal inoculation 7 days later and were observed daily for clinical signs of illness for 21 days. Results In the 21 days after FHV-1 challenge, both groups of vaccinated cats were less likely to be clinically ill (indicated by lower cumulative clinical scores) than control cats ( P <0.001). There was no statistical difference in total clinical score between the two vaccinated groups ( P = 0.97). Although the total clinical score was similar between both vaccines, signs of respiratory disease were significantly fewer in the kittens vaccinated with the inactivated FVRCP vaccine compared with the ML FVRCP vaccine ( P = 0.005) during the period after inoculation when the majority of clinical disease was observed. Conclusions and relevance Parenteral administration of either the inactivated FVRCP vaccine or the ML FVRCP vaccine can decrease clinical signs of illness due to FHV-1 on a day 7 challenge when compared with controls. Use of either vaccine product is indicated in cats at risk of acute exposure to FHV-1.
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Peterson, Mark E., Mark Rishniw, Graham E. Bilbrough, and Kate B. Cote. "Comparison of in-clinic point-of-care and reference laboratory total thyroxine immunoassays for diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of hyperthyroid cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17708918.
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Objectives The Catalyst One Chemistry Analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories) is a point-of-care instrument that can measure total thyroxine (TT4) by immunoassay. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytic performance of the Catalyst TT4 assay in feline sera and to examine agreement of the Catalyst TT4 results with those measured by immunoassay at a veterinary reference laboratory. Methods Assay precision, reproducibility and linearity were evaluated for the Catalyst TT4 assay. For method comparison, TT4 concentrations in serum samples from 157 cats (127 hyperthyroid, 30 radioiodine-treated cats) were analyzed by both in-clinic and reference laboratory methods. Results The Catalyst TT4 demonstrated good precision and reproducibility (coefficients of variation ⩽8.5%) and excellent linearity in the diagnostic range of 6–150 nmol/l. Differences between the two TT4 methods showed no proportional or fixed bias (Bland–Altman plots) but did demonstrate greater spread of values at higher TT4 concentrations. Statistical analysis of percent differences between methods indicated 95% limits of agreement of ± 30%. When serum TT4 concentrations were classified as low, high or within the reference interval (12–50 nmol/l) for each assay, there was strong agreement (96.8%) in classification between methods. Conclusions and relevance The Catalyst TT4 assay provided precise serum TT4 concentrations in the 157 samples analyzed, which agreed well with results provided by a reference laboratory. Cats with Catalyst TT4 concentrations near decision thresholds (eg, normal vs high) should either have TT4 concentration repeated a few weeks later and/or undergo further testing (eg, free T4, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid scintigraphy) to determine thyroid status.
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Robbins, Michael T., Martha G. Cline, Joseph W. Bartges, Erin Felty, Korinn E. Saker, Richard Bastian, and Angela L. Witzel. "Quantified water intake in laboratory cats from still, free-falling and circulating water bowls, and its effects on selected urinary parameters." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 8 (October 10, 2018): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18803753.
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ObjectivesThe study objectives were to determine if the method of water presentation (still [S], circulating [C] or free-falling [FF] bowl systems) influences daily water consumption in cats in a controlled environment, and whether differences in water intake affect urine relative super saturation (RSS) for calcium oxalate and struvite, urine specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (Uosmol) and urine volume.MethodsSixteen healthy laboratory cats fed a dry diet were individually housed with urine collection systems. Each cat underwent a randomized 2 week crossover period with all bowl systems, allowing a 1 week acclimation period between each crossover. Water intake was measured daily by bowl weight, accounting for spillage and evaporation. USG and urine volume were measured daily, whereas other urinary parameters were measured at various time points throughout each 14 day crossover period.ResultsFourteen cats completed the study. Average daily water intake (ml/kg/day), urine volume, USG and urine RSS for struvite and calcium oxalate were not significantly different between water bowls. Uosmol was significantly higher in C compared with S and FF bowl systems ( P = 0.009 for both). Three individual cats demonstrated a significant water bowl preference (Cat 4: C >S, P = 0.039; Cat 10: FF >C, P = 0.005; Cat 11: S >C, P = 0.037).Conclusions and relevanceOverall, water bowl type had no appreciable effect on water intake. Uosmol was the only urinary parameter found to be significantly different, and was higher for the C bowl. The implication of this is unknown, considering water intake did not differ significantly between bowls. Alternative methods to increase water intake should be implemented beyond providing unique water bowls in patients where augmented water intake would be beneficial for disease management.