Journal articles: 'Catr'

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Matsumura, Eitaro, Masashi Sakai, Katsuaki Hayashi, Shuichiro Murakami, Shinji Takenaka, and Kenji Aoki. "Constitutive expression of catABC genes in the aniline-assimilating bacterium Rhodococcus species AN-22: production, purification, characterization and gene analysis of CatA, CatB and CatC." Biochemical Journal 393, no. 1 (December 12, 2005): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050740.

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The aniline-assimilating bacterium Rhodococcus sp. AN-22 was found to constitutively synthesize CatB (cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase) and CatC (muconolactone isomerase) in its cells growing on non-aromatic substrates, in addition to the previously reported CatA (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase). The bacterium maintained the specific activity of the three enzymes at an almost equal level during cultivation on succinate. CatB and CatC were purified to homogeneity and characterized. CatB was a monomer with a molecular mass of 44 kDa. The enzyme was activated by Mn2+, Co2+ and Mg2+. Native CatC was a homo-octamer with a molecular mass of 100 kDa. The enzyme was stable between pH 7.0 and 10.5 and was resistant to heating up to 90 °C. Genes coding for CatA, CatB and CatC were cloned and named catA, catB and catC respectively. The catABC genes were transcribed as one operon. The deduced amino acid sequences of CatA, CatB and CatC showed high identities with those from other Gram-positive micro-organisms. A regulator gene such as catR encoding a regulatory protein was not observed around the cat gene cluster of Rhodococcus sp. AN-22, but a possible relic of catR was found in the upstream region of catA. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and primer extension analyses showed that the transcriptional start site of the cat gene cluster was located 891 bp upstream of the catA initiation codon in the AN-22 strain growing on both aniline and succinate. Based on these data, we concluded that the bacterium constitutively transcribed the catABC genes and translated its mRNA into CatA, CatB and CatC.

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Giles, Steven S., Jason E. Stajich, Connie Nichols, Quincy D. Gerrald, J. Andrew Alspaugh, Fred Dietrich, and John R. Perfect. "The Cryptococcus neoformans Catalase Gene Family and Its Role in Antioxidant Defense." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 9 (September 2006): 1447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00098-06.

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ABSTRACT In the present study, we sought to elucidate the contribution of the Cryptococcus neoformans catalase gene family to antioxidant defense. We employed bioinformatics techniques to identify four members of the C. neoformans catalase gene family and created mutants lacking single or multiple catalase genes. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, CAT1 and CAT3 encode putative spore-specific catalases, CAT2 encodes a putative peroxisomal catalase, and CAT4 encodes a putative cytosolic catalase. Only Cat1 exhibited detectable biochemical activity in vitro, and Cat1 activity was constitutive in the yeast form of this organism. Although they were predicted to be important in spores, neither CAT1 nor CAT3 was essential for mating or spore viability. Consistent with previous studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the single (cat1, cat2, cat3, and cat4) and quadruple (cat1 cat2 cat3 cat4) catalase mutant strains exhibited no oxidative-stress phenotypes under conditions in which either exogenous or endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species were elevated. In addition, there were no significant differences in the mean times to mortality between groups of mice infected with C. neoformans catalase mutant strains (the cat1 and cat1 cat2 cat3 cat4 mutants) and those infected with wild-type strain H99. We conclude from the results of this study that C. neoformans possesses a robust antioxidant system, composed of functionally overlapping and compensatory components that provide protection against endogenous and exogenous oxidative stresses.

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Chugani, Sudha A., Matthew R. Parsek, and A. M. Chakrabarty. "Transcriptional Repression Mediated by LysR-Type Regulator CatR Bound at Multiple Binding Sites." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 9 (May 1, 1998): 2367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.9.2367-2372.1998.

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ABSTRACT The catBCA operon of Pseudomonas putidaencodes enzymes involved in the catabolism of benzoate. Transcription of this operon requires the LysR-type transcriptional regulator CatR and an inducer molecule, cis,cis-muconate. Previous gel shift assays and DNase I footprinting have demonstrated that CatR occupies two adjacent sites proximal to thecatBCA promoter in the presence of the inducer. We report the presence of an additional binding site for CatR downstream of thecatBCA promoter within the catB structural gene. This site, called the internal binding site (IBS), extends from +162 to +193 with respect to the catB transcriptional start site and lies within the catB open reading frame. Gel shift analysis and DNase I footprinting determined that CatR binds to this site with low affinity. CatR binds cooperatively with higher affinity to the IBS in the presence of the two upstream binding sites. Parallel in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to determine the role of the internal binding site. We measured β-galactosidase activity ofcatB-lacZ transcriptional fusions in vivo. Our results suggest a probable cis-acting repressor function for the internal binding site. Site-directed mutagenesis of the IBS verified this finding. The location of the IBS within the catBstructural gene, the cooperativity observed in footprinting studies, and phasing studies suggest that the IBS likely participates in the interaction of CatR with the upstream binding sites by looping out the intervening DNA.

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Magis, David, and Gilles Raîche. "catR." Applied Psychological Measurement 35, no. 7 (May 25, 2011): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621611407482.

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Chi, Bui Khanh, Kazuo Kobayashi, Dirk Albrecht, Michael Hecker, and Haike Antelmann. "The Paralogous MarR/DUF24-Family Repressors YodB and CatR Control Expression of the Catechol Dioxygenase CatE in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 18 (July 16, 2010): 4571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00409-10.

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ABSTRACT The redox-sensing MarR/DUF24-type repressor YodB controls expression of the azoreductase AzoR1 and the nitroreductase YodC that are involved in detoxification of quinones and diamide in Bacillus subtilis. In the present paper, we identified YodB and its paralog YvaP (CatR) as repressors of the yfiDE (catDE) operon encoding a catechol-2,3-dioxygenase that also contributes to quinone resistance. Inactivation of both CatR and YodB is required for full derepression of catDE transcription. DNA-binding assays and promoter mutagenesis studies showed that CatR protects two inverted repeats with the consensus sequence TTAC-N5-GTAA overlapping the −35 promoter region (BS1) and the transcriptional start site (TSS) (BS2). The BS1 operator was required for binding of YodB in vitro. CatR and YodB share the conserved N-terminal Cys residue, which is required for redox sensing of CatR in vivo as shown by Cys-to-Ser mutagenesis. Our data suggest that CatR is modified by intermolecular disulfide formation in response to diamide and quinones in vitro and in vivo. Redox regulation of CatR occurs independently of YodB, and no protein interaction was detected between CatR and YodB in vivo using protein cross-linking and mass spectrometry.

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Lee, Gillian Li Yin, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Peter Convey, Hiroyuki Futamata, Azham Zulkharnain, Kenshi Suzuki, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, et al. "Statistical Optimisation of Phenol Degradation and Pathway Identification through Whole Genome Sequencing of the Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. Strain AQ5-07." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 9363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249363.

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Study of the potential of Antarctic microorganisms for use in bioremediation is of increasing interest due to their adaptations to harsh environmental conditions and their metabolic potential in removing a wide variety of organic pollutants at low temperature. In this study, the psychrotolerant bacterium Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-07, originally isolated from soil from King George Island (South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic), was found to be capable of utilizing phenol as sole carbon and energy source. The bacterium achieved 92.91% degradation of 0.5 g/L phenol under conditions predicted by response surface methodology (RSM) within 84 h at 14.8 °C, pH 7.05, and 0.41 g/L ammonium sulphate. The assembled draft genome sequence (6.75 Mbp) of strain AQ5-07 was obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina Hiseq platform. The genome analysis identified a complete gene cluster containing catA, catB, catC, catR, pheR, pheA2, and pheA1. The genome harbours the complete enzyme systems required for phenol and catechol degradation while suggesting phenol degradation occurs via the β-ketoadipate pathway. Enzymatic assay using cell-free crude extract revealed catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity while no catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was detected, supporting this suggestion. The genomic sequence data provide information on gene candidates responsible for phenol and catechol degradation by indigenous Antarctic bacteria and contribute to knowledge of microbial aromatic metabolism and genetic biodiversity in Antarctica.

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Cui, Zhongmin. "A Seed Usage Issue on Using catR for Simulation and the Solution." Applied Psychological Measurement 44, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621620920934.

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The R package catR is a useful developmental and testing platform for adaptive tests. Developers and researchers have been using catR for their assessments or research projects. However, there is a flaw in catR that can potentially cause misleading results. This article shows the flaw and provides a solution. Suggestions in using seeds for random numbers were also provided.

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8

Barankina, T. A., O. N. Yakimenko, and S. Ye Dmitruk. "The ways of optimization of medicine supply in conditions of CATR Zelenogorsk." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 9, no. 3 (June 28, 2010): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2010-3-131-135.

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For the purpose of optimization of medicine supply of the population and disease-prevention institutions in conditions of closed administrative-territorial regions (CATR), we have studied one of the optimization trends — the efficiency of retail network of CATR using dynamic lines indices. On the base of the conducted consumers’ segmentation by solvency criterion we have worked out the recommendations on the structure optimization of chemist’s network of CATR in Zelenogorsk.

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Azam, Mohammad, James J. Butler, Nathaniel P. Mercer, Eoghan Hurley, Yoshiharu Shimozono, and John G. Kennedy. "Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Systematic Review." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00100.

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Category: Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Chronic Achilles tendon ruptures (CATR) are an uncommon injury compared to acute ruptures. Currently, no evidence-based guidelines exist for treating CATR. The purpose of this systematic review was to present the outcomes of the current treatment options for CATR and to analyze the level of evidence (LOE) and quality of evidence (QoE) of the included studies. Methods: In July 2020, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The LOE and QOE of the included studies was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score. Studies reporting outcomes following repair of CATR were included. Results: Thirty-one studies with 653 CATRs were included. Three studies were LOE III and 28 studies were LOE IV. Six studies reported dual technique procedures and 23 studies reported single technique procedures. Semitendinosus graft was the most frequently utilized single technique procedure amongst the included studies. Most studies reported good postoperative subjective outcomes, strength outcomes, and return to sports data at mid-term follow-up. In total, 14.6% of patients experienced postoperative complications. The most common complication was surgical wound complications (10.8%). Conclusion: This systematic review found that no evidence-based treatment guidelines exists for CATR. Surgical management of CATR produces good clinical outcomes at mid-term follow up, but a high complication rate (14.6%) was noted. Future studies of higher QOE and LOE with improved data reporting are warranted to determine the optimal treatment strategy for CATR.

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10

Garre, Victoriano, Ulrike Müller, and Paul Tudzynski. "Cloning, Characterization, and Targeted Disruption of cpcat1, Coding for an in Planta Secreted Catalase of Claviceps purpurea." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 8 (August 1998): 772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.8.772.

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Claviceps purpurea has been shown to secrete catalases in axenic and parasitic culture. In order to determine the importance of these enzymes in the host-parasite interaction, especially their role in overcoming oxidative stress imposed on the pathogen by the plant's defense system, the catR gene from A. niger was used to isolate a putative catalase gene from a genomic library of C. purpurea. cpcat1 consists of an open reading frame of 2,148 bp that is interrupted by five introns. Its derived gene product shows significant homology to fungal catalases and contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids and three putative N-glycosylation sites, which indicates that CPCAT1 is a secreted catalase. Disruption of the gene by a gene replacement approach resulted in the loss of two catalase isoforms, CATC and CATD, strongly suggesting that they are both encoded by cpcat1. CATD is the major secreted catalase of C. purpurea and is furthermore the only catalase present in the honeydew of infected rye ears. Deletion mutants of cpcat1 were inoculated on rye plants and showed no significant reduction in virulence. Ovarian tissue and honeydew of plants inoculated with the mutants lacked CATD, confirming that this catalase is not essential for colonization of the host tissue by C. purpurea.

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11

Gu, William, Gerald Seet, and Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann. "Perception-Link Behavior Model: Supporting a Novel Operator Interface for a Customizable Anthropomorphic Telepresence Robot." Robotics 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics6030016.

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A customizable anthropomorphic telepresence robot (CATR) is an emerging medium that might have the highest degree of social presence among the existing mediated communication mediums. Unfortunately, there are problems with teleoperating a CATR, and these problems can deteriorate the gesture motion in a CATR. These problems are the disruption during decoupling, discontinuity due to the unstable transmission and jerkiness due to the reactive collision avoidance. From the review, none of the existing interfaces can simultaneously fix all of the problems. Hence, a novel framework with the perception-link behavior model (PLBM) was proposed. The PLBM adopts the distributed spatiotemporal representation for all of its input signals. Equipping it with other components, the PLBM can solve the above problems with some limitations. For instance, the PLBM can retrieve missing modalities from its experience during decoupling. Next, the PLBM can handle up to a high level of drop rate in the network connection because it is dealing with gesture style and not pose. For collision prevention, the PLBM can tune the incoming gesture style so that the CATR can deliberately and smoothly avoid a collision. In summary, the framework consists of PLBM being able to increase the user’s presence on a CATR by synthesizing expressive user gestures.

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Kawasaki, Laura, and Jesús Aguirre. "Multiple Catalase Genes Are Differentially Regulated in Aspergillus nidulans." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 1434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.4.1434-1440.2001.

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ABSTRACT Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide is a fundamental aspect of the cellular antioxidant responses in which catalases play a major role. Two differentially regulated catalase genes, catA andcatB, have been studied in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we have characterized a third catalase gene, designated catC, which predicts a 475-amino-acid polypeptide containing a peroxisome-targeting signal. With a molecular mass of 54 kDa, CatC shows high similarity to other small-subunit monofunctional catalases and is most closely related to catalases from other fungi, Archaea, and animals. In contrast, the CatA (∼84 kDa) and CatB (∼79 kDa) enzymes belong to a family of large-subunit catalases, constituting a unique fungal and bacterial group. The catC gene displayed a relatively constant pattern of expression, not being induced by oxidative or other types of stress. Targeted disruption of catC eliminated a constitutive catalase activity not detected previously in zymogram gels. However, a catalase activity detected in catA catBmutant strains during late stationary phase was still present incatC and catABC null mutants, thus demonstrating the presence of a fourth catalase, here named catalase D (CatD). Neither catC nor catABC triple mutants showed any developmental defect, and both mutants grew as well as wild-type strains in H2O2-generating substrates, such as fatty acids, and/or purines as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. CatD activity was induced during late stationary phase by glucose starvation, high temperature, and, to a lesser extent, H2O2 treatment. The existence of at least four differentially regulated catalases indicates a large and regulated capability for H2O2detoxification in filamentous fungi.

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Hedges, D., M. Proft, and K. D. Entian. "CAT8, a new zinc cluster-encoding gene necessary for derepression of gluconeogenic enzymes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 4 (April 1995): 1915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.4.1915.

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The expression of gluconeogenic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (encoded by the FBP1 gene) depends on the carbon source. Analysis of the FBP1 promoter revealed two upstream activating elements, UAS1FBP1 and UAS2FBP1, which confer carbon source-dependent regulation on a heterologous reporter gene. On glucose media neither element was activated, whereas after transfer to ethanol a 100-fold derepression was observed. This gene activation depended on the previously identified derepression genes CAT1 (SNF1) (encoding a protein kinase) and CAT3 (SNF4) (probably encoding a subunit of Cat1p [Snf1p]). Screening for mutations specifically involved in UAS1FBP1 derepression revealed the new recessive derepression mutation cat8. The cat8 mutants also failed to derepress UAS2FBP1, and these mutants were unable to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. The CAT8 gene encodes a zinc cluster protein related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gal4p. Deletion of CAT8 caused a defect in glucose derepression which affected all key gluconeogenic enzymes. Derepression of glucose-repressible invertase and maltase was still normally regulated. A CAT8-lacZ promoter fusion revealed that the CAT8 gene itself is repressed by Cat4p (Mig1p). These results suggest that gluconeogenic genes are derepressed upon binding of Cat8p, whose synthesis depends on the release of Cat4p (Mig1p) from the CAT8 promoter. However, gluconeogenic promoters are still glucose repressed in cat4 mutants, which indicates that in addition to its transcription, the Cat8p protein needs further activation. The observation that multicopy expression of CAT8 reverses the inability of cat1 and cat3 mutants to grow on ethanol indicates that Cat8p might be the substrate of the Cat1p/Cat3p protein kinase.

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Frugoli, Julia A., Mark A. McPeek, Terry L. Thomas, and C. Robertson McClung. "Intron Loss and Gain During Evolution of the Catalase Gene Family in Angiosperms." Genetics 149, no. 1 (May 1, 1998): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.1.355.

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Abstract Angiosperms (flowering plants), including both monocots and dicots, contain small catalase gene families. In the dicot, Arabidopsis thaliana, two catalase (CAT) genes, CAT1 and CAT3, are tightly linked on chromosome 1 and a third, CAT2, which is more similar to CAT1 than to CAT3, is unlinked on chromosome 4. Comparison of positions and numbers of introns among 13 angiosperm catalase genomic sequences indicates that intron positions are conserved, and suggests that an ancestral catalase gene common to monocots and dicots contained seven introns. Arabidopsis CAT2 has seven introns; both CAT1 and CAT3 have six introns in positions conserved with CAT2, but each has lost a different intron. We suggest the following sequence of events during the evolution of the Arabidopsis catalase gene family. An initial duplication of an ancestral catalase gene gave rise to CAT3 and CAT1. CAT1 then served as the template for a second duplication, yielding CAT2. Intron losses from CAT1 and CAT3 followed these duplications. One subclade of monocot catalases has lost all but the 5′-most and 3′-most introns, which is consistent with a mechanism of intron loss by replacement of an ancestral intron-containing gene with a reverse-transcribed DNA copy of a fully spliced mRNA. Following this event of concerted intron loss, the Oryza sativa (rice, a monocot) CAT1 lineage acquired an intron in a novel position, consistent with a mechanism of intron gain at proto-splice sites.

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Shi, Lei, Jia Luo, Gang Cheng, Xia Liu, and Gang Xie. "A Multifeature Complementary Attention Mechanism for Image Topic Representation in Social Networks." Scientific Programming 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5304321.

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Image topic representation in social networks is vital for people to get significant and valuable content. However, this task is difficult and challenging due to the complexity of image features. This paper proposes a multifeature complementary attention mechanism for image topic representation named CATR. CATR uses scene-level and instance-level object detection methods to obtain the object information on social networks. Here, the image features are divided into focused features and unfocused features. Focused features are used to learn and express semantic information, while unfocused features are used to filter out noise information in focused feature extraction. The attention mechanism is constructed by combining the object features and the features of the image itself, while the image topic representation in social networks is realized by the complementary attention mechanism. Based on the real image data of Sina Weibo and Mir-Flickr 25K, several groups of comparative experiments are constructed to verify the performance of the proposed CATR by leveraging different evaluation measures. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CATR obtains an optimal accuracy and significantly outperforms the other comparison methods in image topic representation.

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Arakawa, Kohei, Kei Takahata, Saaya Enomoto, Yuichiro Oka, Kaichi Ozone, Kzuma Morosawa, Kenji Murata, Naohiko Kanemura, and Takanori Kokubun. "Effect of Suppression of Rotational Joint Instability on Cartilage and Meniscus Degeneration in Mouse Osteoarthritis Model." CARTILAGE 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 194760352110692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19476035211069239.

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Objective Joint instability and meniscal dysfunction contribute to the onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). In the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model, secondary OA occurs due to the rotational instability and increases compressive stress resulting from the meniscal dysfunction. We created a new controlled abnormal tibial rotation (CATR) model that reduces the rotational instability that occurs in the DMM model. So, we aimed to investigate whether rotational instability affects articular cartilage degeneration using the DMM and CATR models, as confirmed using histology and immunohistochemistry. Design Twelve-week-old male mice were randomized into 3 groups: DMM group, CATR group, and INTACT group (right knee of the DMM group). After 8 and 12 weeks, we performed the tibial rotational test, safranin-O/fast green staining, and immunohistochemical staining for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and metalloproteinase (MMP)-13. Results The rotational instability in the DMM group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. And articular cartilage degeneration was higher in the DMM group than in the other groups. However, meniscal degeneration was observed in both DMM and CATR groups. The TNF-α and MMP-13 positive cell rates in the articular cartilage of the CATR group were lower than those in the DMM group. Conclusions We found that the articular cartilage degeneration was delayed by controlling the rotational instability caused by meniscal dysfunction. These findings suggest that suppression of rotational instability in the knee joint may be an effective therapeutic measure for preventing OA progression.

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Anderson, Peter. "Editorial for the CATR Special Edition." Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 4, no. 1 (April 2009): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18335300.2009.9686919.

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Sehm, T., J. Ala-Laurinaho, T. Hirvonen, and A. V. Räisänen. "Antenna measurements using a hologram CATR." Electronics Letters 35, no. 10 (1999): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990557.

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Ubillus, Hugo A., Mohammad T. Azam, Matthew B. Weiss, Noah Kirschner, Nathaniel P. Mercer, James J. Butler, and John G. Kennedy. "Surgical Management of Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Systematic Review and Proposed Treatment Algorithm." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00982.

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Category: Sports; Other Introduction/Purpose: The Achilles tendon is the most commonly ruptured tendon in the lower limb, and when left untreated for at least 4 weeks, these are classified as chronic or 'neglected' Achilles tendon ruptures (CATR). There is discordance on the optimal surgical treatment to treat CATR. Given the prevalence of this injury, there is a need to determine the best treatment modality. In this study, we performed a systematic review of the literature to compare the different treatment options for CATR, analyze the level of evidence (LOE) and quality of evidence (QOE) of the included studies, and recommend a literature-based algorithmic approach to the treatment of CATR. Methods: In July 2019, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed by 2 independent reviewers based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Full-length peer-reviewed studies in English with a sample size of 10 participants that reported functional outcome scores with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were included. We excluded systematic reviews, meta-analyses, review articles, cadaveric and animal studies, and case reports. The LOE and QOE of the included studies were evaluated using the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Criteria and the Modified Coleman Methodology Score, respectively. Patient demographic data, surgical procedure type, subjective outcomes, postoperative strength, range of motion, postoperative imaging, return to sports and work data, complications, failures, and reoperations were evaluated. Continuous variables were reported as weighted mean and estimated standard deviation, whereas categorical variables were reported as frequencies with percentages. Results: Thirty-one studies with 653 CATRs were included. Three studies were LOE III and 28 studies were LOE IV. A large variety of repair techniques were described and analyzed, and semitendinosus tendon grafting was the most frequently utilized technique (6 of 31 studies). The most commonly reported clinical outcome was the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score (58.6%). Most studies reported good postoperative subjective outcomes, strength outcomes, and return to sports data at mid-term follow-up. In total, 14.6% of patients experienced postoperative complications, where the most common was surgical wound complications (10.8%). Conclusion: Surgical management of CATR produces good clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up, but a high complication rate (14.6%) was noted. This systematic review found that no evidence-based treatment guidelines exist for CATR. Future studies of higher QOE and LOE which focus on specific risk factors are warranted to determine in which case one particular technique would be suitable for CATR repair. Our proposed treatment algorithm (Figure 1) may assist in shared decision-making for this complex problem.

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Li, Zhi, Yuan Yao, Tianyang Chen, Junsheng Yu, and Xiaodong Chen. "Design of Low Cross-Polarization Tri-Reflector CATR with Standard Quadric Surfaces Working in Terahertz." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141727.

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In this paper, a tri-reflector compact antenna test range (CATR) consisting of a main parabolic reflector with a square aperture of 3 m in side length and two sub-reflectors of rotationally standard quadric surfaces working in terahertz is proposed. By using the equivalent paraboloid theory and cross-polarization elimination conditions and then combining with the appropriate shaped feed, the low cross-polarization and good quiet zone (QZ) performance of the system are achieved. The simulated results demonstrate that a cross-polarization isolation of >37 dB and a peak-to-peak amplitude (phase) ripple of <1.8 dB (13°) can be achieved on the principal cuts of the QZ at 100–500 GHz. At the same time, the QZ usage ratio of the CATR can reach 75%. The proposed tri-reflector CATR composed of standard quadric surfaces not only exhibits good quiet zone performance but also greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the sub-reflectors and the construction cost of the system.

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Rama Krishna, T. Venkata, P. Siddaiah, and B. Prabhakara Rao. "Performance Comparison between Nonidentical Segmented Exponential Concave and Nonidentical Segmented Exponential Convex Serrated CATRs." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2008 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/756060.

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This paper presented a theoretical and numerical assessment for nonidentical segmented exponential- (NISE-) convex and NISE-concave serrated plane CATRs by changing number of serrations. The investigation was based on diffraction theory and, more specifically, on the diffraction formulation of Fresnel. The compact antenna test range (CATR) provides uniform illumination within the Fresnel region to the test antenna. Application of serrated edges has been shown to be a good method to control diffraction at the edges of the reflectors. In this paper, the Fresnel fields of NISE-convex and NISE-concave serrated CATRs are analyzed using physical optics (PO) technique. The PO analysis is applied in this paper for plane reflector serrated CATR only. The same analysis is applied to any type of reflector. In this paper, lens-based reflector is not considered. It is observed that NISE-concave serrated CATR gives less ripple and enhanced quiet zone width than NISE-convex.

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Anderson, Peter. "The Council for Asian Terrorism Research (CATR)." Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 4, no. 1 (April 2009): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18335300.2009.9686920.

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Batista, Jorge Pablo, Jorge Javier Del Vecchio, Niek van Dijk, and Helder Pereira. "Endoscopic FHL transfer to augment Achilles disorders." Journal of ISAKOS: Joint Disorders & Orthopaedic Sports Medicine 5, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jisakos-2019-000395.

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Many procedures have been described for operative treatment of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures (CATR) and insertional calcificant achilles tendinosis (ICAT).This technical note describes a novel technique for the treatment or augmentation of different Achilles disorders such as CATR and ICAT, among others. A retrospective study was designed. Fifteen patients were identified and underwent an endoscopic flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer to augment Achilles disorders between 2015 and 2016. Patient demographics and complications were extracted from the clinical research database. The average follow-up 11.27 months. The overall success rate was 93.3%. The preoperative mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 62.27 points and 91 points after surgery. The average pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the preoperative was 6.93 and 0.8 in the postoperative period. Only one patient required revision surgery (6.6%). The advantages of doing an FHL transfer include: utilisation of a vascularised tendon with a strong viable muscle, low morbidity and it represents a reproducible technique. Although it may be a good primary indication for CATR and non-insertional AT tendinopathy, it seems reasonable to be indicated in revision surgery in cases affected by ICAT.

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Sympson, GM. "CATR: a new generation of autologous blood transfusion." Critical Care Nurse 11, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1991.11.4.60.

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As the field of surgery advances and the conservative use of banked blood transfusion increases the need for postoperative autotransfusion has increased. By using the CATR, the patient's demands for blood can be more adequately met without causing further complications for the patient. This article presents one method for postoperative cardiothoracic autotransfusion and describes its advantages and risks. A Nursing Plan of Care is included.

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Robbertse, Barbara, O. C. Yoder, Anita Nguyen, Conrad L. Schoch, and B. Gillian Turgeon. "Deletion of all Cochliobolus heterostrophus Monofunctional Catalase-Encoding Genes Reveals a Role for One in Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress but None with a Role in Virulence." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 11 (November 2003): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.11.1013.

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The genome of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus encodes three unlinked monofunctional catalase-encoding (CAT) genes that singly or in combination could offer protection against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Phylogenetic analysis placed the CAT2 and CAT3 proteins in a cluster with large subunit catalases (CAT3 has a secretory signal sequence and was grouped with known secreted catalases), whereas CAT1 clustered with small subunit catalases. Single, double, and triple cat mutants were created and screened for sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and altered virulence on maize. All mutants deficient in CAT3 had enhanced sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, as compared with wild type or with mutants deficient in CAT1, CAT2, or both. All catalase-deficient mutants had normal virulence to maize. Thus, the secreted CAT3 protein protects the fungus from oxidative stress during vegetative growth, but members of this enzyme family, alone or in combination, are not essential for virulence.

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Shabalina, Irina G., Tatiana V. Kramarova, Jan Nedergaard, and Barbara Cannon. "Carboxyatractyloside effects on brown-fat mitochondria imply that the adenine nucleotide translocator isoforms ANT1 and ANT2 may be responsible for basal and fatty-acid-induced uncoupling respectively." Biochemical Journal 399, no. 3 (October 13, 2006): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060706.

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In brown-fat mitochondria, fatty acids induce thermogenic uncoupling through activation of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1). However, even in brown-fat mitochondria from UCP1−/− mice, fatty-acid-induced uncoupling exists. In the present investigation, we used the inhibitor CAtr (carboxyatractyloside) to examine the involvement of the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator) in the mediation of this UCP1-independent fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in brown-fat mitochondria. We found that the contribution of ANT to fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in UCP1−/− brown-fat mitochondria was minimal (whereas it was responsible for nearly half the fatty-acid-induced uncoupling in liver mitochondria). As compared with liver mitochondria, brown-fat mitochondria exhibit a relatively high (UCP1-independent) basal respiration (‘proton leak’). Unexpectedly, a large fraction of this high basal respiration was sensitive to CAtr, whereas in liver mitochondria, basal respiration was CAtr-insensitive. Total ANT protein levels were similar in brown-fat mitochondria from wild-type mice and in liver mitochondria, but the level was increased in brown-fat mitochondria from UCP1−/− mice. However, in liver, only Ant2 mRNA was found, whereas in brown adipose tissue, Ant1 and Ant2 mRNA levels were equal. The data are therefore compatible with a tentative model in which the ANT2 isoform mediates fatty-acid-induced uncoupling, whereas the ANT1 isoform may mediate a significant part of the high basal proton leak in brown-fat mitochondria.

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Li, Zhi, Yuan Yao, Tianyang Chen, Liang Zhang, Junsheng Yu, and Xiaodong Chen. "A Novel Universal Applicability Design Method for Low Cross-Polarization Terahertz Tri-Reflector CATR." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (November 15, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7935581.

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In this paper, a novel design approach with universal applicability is proposed for realizing a low cross-polarized terahertz tri-reflector compact antenna test range (CATR). This approach not only enables the radiation direction of the feed relative to the main reflector to be designed arbitrarily but also enables the designed CATR systems corresponding to different feed rotation angles while still maintaining a low cross-polarization. By using the beam mode analysis method and cross-polarization elimination conditions, the geometric configurations of the tri-reflector CATR can be designed for feeds in any different rotation angles, and then according to the kinematic and dynamic ray-tracing method with frequency independence in geometric optics, shaped subreflectors can also be synthesized. Through the above design procedure, four tri-reflector CATRs corresponding to four different feed rotation angles have been achieved, respectively. Numerical simulation results show that the cross-polarizations of four tri-reflector CATRs are all less than –38 dB and the peak-to-peak amplitude (phase) ripples of the quiet zone (QZ) are all within 1 dB (10°) in the frequency range of 100–500 GHz. This demonstrates the effectiveness and universal applicability of the proposed design method in realizing the design of low cross-polarization and good QZ performance for tri-reflector CATRs with different feed rotation angles.

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Refli, R., Sukarti Muljopawiro, Kumala Dewi, and Diah Rachmawati. "Expression analysis of antioxidant genes in response to drought stress in the fl ag leaf of two Indonesian rice cultivars." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.8633.

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The objective of this study was to analysis the expression of antioxidant genes in response to droughtstress in Indonesian rice. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of Cu-ZnSod1, cCu-ZnSod2,MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat1, Cat2, Cat3, Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3 genes were assayed in the rice fl ag leaf ofCiherang and Situ Bagendit cultivars subjected to control, mild and severe drought during the grain fi llingphase. Increase in MDA content of Ciherang treated to mild and severe drought was almost two-fold andthree-fold respectively, while MDA content in Situ Bagendit subjected to mild and severe drought increasedapproximately one-fold and two-fold as compared to the control. The semi quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of cCu-ZnSod1, MnSod1, Cat2, Gr3genes of Ciherang, and cCu-ZnSod2, MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sAPX, Cat2 and Gr1 genes of Situ Bagendit increasedin fl ag leaf of plant treated to drought. Expressions of cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat3 of Ciherang and Cu-ZnSod1 and Gr2genes of Situ Bagendit were not changed signifi cantly by drought stress. Decreased expression was shownby cCu-ZnSod2, cApxa, Cat1, Gr1 and Gr2 genes of Ciherang, and Cat1, Cat3 and Gr3 genes of Situ Bagendit. Theresults indicated that the activity of oxidative defense was regulated by four genes; cCu-ZnSod1, MnSod1, Cat2,Gr3 in Ciherang, and eight genes; cCu-ZnSod1, cCu-ZnSod2, MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat2 and Gr1 in SituBagendit. Therefore, differences in the number of antioxidant genes controlling oxidative defense systemmight determine the difference of the oxidative defense capacity between both cultivars in response to droughtstress during grain fi lling.

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Hakli, J., J. Ala-Laurinaho, T. Koskinen, J. Lemanczyk, A. Lonnqvist, J. Mallat, A. V. Raisanen, J. Saily, J. Tuovinen, and V. Viikari. "Sub-mm antenna tests in a hologram-based CATR." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 47, no. 5 (October 2005): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2005.1599217.

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TAKASHIMA, Atsushi, Shuichiro MURAKAMI, Shinji TAKENAKA, and Kenji AOKI. "Regulation by Two CatR Proteins that Differ in Binding Affinity to catB Promoters Expressing Two cat Gene Clusters." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 65, no. 10 (January 2001): 2146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.65.2146.

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Clémençon, Benjamin, Martial Rey, Véronique Trézéguet, Eric Forest, and Ludovic Pelosi. "Yeast ADP/ATP Carrier Isoform 2." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 41 (August 25, 2011): 36119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.277376.

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The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, or Ancp, is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family responsible for exchanging ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane. ADP/ATP transport involves Ancp switching between two conformational states. These can be analyzed using specific inhibitors, carboxyatractyloside (CATR) and bongkrekic acid (BA). The high resolution three-dimensional structure of bovine Anc1p (bAnc1p), as a CATR-carrier complex, has been solved. However, because the structure of the BA-carrier complex has not yet been determined, the detailed mechanism of transport remains unknown. Recently, sample processing for hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments coupled to mass spectrometry was improved, providing novel insights into bAnc1p conformational transitions due to inhibitor binding. In this work we performed both hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry experiments and genetic manipulations. Because these are very difficult to apply with bovine Anc1p, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae Anc isoform 2 (ScAnc2p). Significant differences in solvent accessibility were observed throughout the amino acid sequence for ScAnc2p complexed to either CATR or BA. Interestingly, in detergent solution, the conformational dynamics of ScAnc2p were dissimilar to those of bAnc1p, in particular for the upper half of the cavity, toward the intermembrane space, and the m2 loop, which is thought to be easily accessible to the solvent from the matrix in bAnc1p. Our study then focused on the methionyl residues of the Ancp signature sequence, RRRMMM. All our results indicate that the methionine cluster is involved in the ADP/ATP transport mechanism and confirm that the Ancp cavity is a highly dynamic structure.

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Rothmel, R. K., D. L. Shinabarger, M. R. Parsek, T. L. Aldrich, and A. M. Chakrabarty. "Functional analysis of the Pseudomonas putida regulatory protein CatR: transcriptional studies and determination of the CatR DNA-binding site by hydroxyl-radical footprinting." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 15 (1991): 4717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.15.4717-4724.1991.

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Chen, Yuqing, Yuan Yao, Lei Zhu, Haiyang Yu, Xiaohe Cheng, Junsheng Yu, and Xiaodong Chen. "Phaseless Characterization of Compact Antenna Test Range via Improved Alternating Projection Algorithm." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131545.

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A practical compact antenna test range (CATR) requires good quiet zone quality for antenna characterization. This paper addresses the phase profile of the CATR quiet zone from the known intensity pattern of spatial domain and Fourier domain based on a combined alternating projection algorithm. The proposed algorithm is composed of Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) and Hybrid Input–Output (HIO) algorithms and the two algorithms with spatial phase perturbation (SPP) work collaboratively or independently under predesigned conditions. It is observed that the algorithm with random initial phase guess can always converge to an optimal solution by performing a series of hierarchical optimizations of the problem. The numerical results are in good agreement with simulated results in different frequency bands, overcoming the phase retrieval limitation of local convergence in the iterative process. Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed procedure, the related discussions corresponding to different sampling areas in Fourier domain and different signal to noise ratios (SNRs) are given.

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Caetano, Joao, Rafael Dias, Miguel Duarte Silva, João Figueiredo, João Vieira de Sousa, Patrícia Wircker, and Nuno Corte-Real. "Endoscopic Treatment for Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture on High Demand Patients." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00127.

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Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy, Sports, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture (CATR) is still a prevalent condition that includes neglected ruptures and re-ruptures after surgical treatment. CATR is responsible for marked functional impairment that usually requires surgical repair and an open procedure is traditionally performed. Endoscopic treatment has been described but there is no consensus in its role due to lack of quality papers. There is some experience with endoscopic transfer of Flexor Hallucis Longus (ETFHL) but most authors recommend this technique only on low demanding patients. The purpose of this paper is to present our results with ETFHL on athletic patients (recreational sports or high demanding job), contributing to the establishment of this technique. Methods: In this retrospective study, the authors report a series of 14 patients submitted to ETFHL, 12 patients due to Chronic Achilles rupture and 2 due to acute re-rupture, between May 2014 and January 2018. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (range 12 to 48 months). We measured pre and post-operative AOFAS score and Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), along with post-operative heel rise height test. Results: In our 14 patients (11 male, 3 female) the mean age was 42 years old (range 23 to 59). There were 10 non-professional athletes and 4 high demand workers. The mean pre-operative AOFAS score was 61,1 (range 49 to 79) and ATRS was 11,6 (range 10 to 14). Post-operative results: the mean AOFAS score was 96 (ranging 90 to 100). All patients were able to do single foot heel rise with a mean height of 6,2 cm (range 5 to 9,6 cm). The mean ATRS was 95 (range 81 to 100). All patients showed complete functional recuperation of the gastrocnemius complex and returned to sports or labor activities at their previous level. One patient had transient hypoesthesia of tibial nerve. No other complications were registered. Conclusion: We present a small group of recreational athletes and high demand workers in which ETFHL for CATR showed good results with remarkable functional rehabilitation. Our results are comparable to open classic techniques, with less invasiveness and soft tissue complications. Our experience made us believe that ETFHL may play a role in the treatment of CATR, not only in low demand patients but also in the athletic population. Further studies are necessary to compare this technique with the open procedure to ensure its safety and efficacy.

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Karttunen, Aki, Juha Ala-Laurinaho, Matti Vaaja, Tomi Koskinen, Janne Hakli, Anne Lonnqvist, Juha Mallat, Aleksi Tamminen, Ville Viikari, and Antti V. Raisanen. "Antenna Tests With a Hologram-Based CATR at 650 GHz." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57, no. 3 (March 2009): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2009.2013428.

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Zhu, Linhuan, Ning Dai, Linqian Jin, and Zhengpeng Wang. "A Low-frequency Compact Lightweight Dual-polarization CATR Feed Antenna." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2722, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2722/1/012002.

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Abstract To address the issue of a large axial distance for low-frequency feed antennas, this paper presents a low-frequency compact lightweight dual-polarization CATR feed antenna. This feed antenna consists of a near-rhombus-shaped crossed dipole antenna with chamfers, a third-order horn enclosure, and a novel feed network based on 180° hybrid couplers. Through design, the axial length of this feed source is approximately 290mm. The VSWR is less than 1.5, the HPBW is greater than 44.5° from 300MHz to 500MHz. The phase centre varies less than 0.3λ and the cross-polarization isolation is below in the whole working frequency band.

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Tover, Andres, Jana Zernant, Sudha A. Chugani, Ananda M. Chakrabarty, and Maia Kivisaar. "Critical nucleotides in the interaction of CatR with the pheBA promoter: conservation of the CatR-mediated regulation mechanisms between the pheBA and catBCA operons." Microbiology 146, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-146-1-173.

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Yang, Cheng, Junsheng Yu, Yuan Yao, Xiaoming Liu, and Xiaodong Chen. "Numerical synthesis of tri‐reflector CATR with high cross‐polarisation isolation." Electronics Letters 52, no. 15 (July 2016): 1286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2016.0088.

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Larios, Jordi. "“AINA COHEN, C’EST MOl”, O AINA COHEN ÉS L’ALTRA?" Catalan Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.12.

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When Llorenç Villalonga published Mort de dama (1931), the character of Aina Cohen offended representatives of the Escola Mallorquina, who interpreted it as an attack on autochthonous literature. Although Villalonga responded by affirming that it was his alter ego and although some contemporary critics have related her vaguely with Freud o have associated her with a Spenglerian concept of art, Aina Cohen has never been entirely freed from the condition of a simple, merciless caricature of the Escola Mallorquina. The goal of this article is to explore the complexity of this figure (a Jewish woman, lesbian, Catalan writer), who bears some characteristics of Josef Breuer’s Anna O. and appears as a point of intersection for various anti-Semitic, homophobic and misogynist discourses.

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Rogers, Donna M. "STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL IBERIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE IN HONOR OF DAVID J. VIERA." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.11.

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Felipe, Joaquim Espinós. "LA POESIA HISPÀNICA DE POSTGUERRA COM A POLISISTEMA." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.6.

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The diverse literary expressions comprised in the concept “Hispanic literature” —Catalan, Castilian, and Basque as well as the literature from Galicia— form a polysystem of great hermeneutical possibilities, according to the model proposed by Itamar Even-Zohar. A common historic and institutional context gives cohesion to this polysystem, but the existence of particular national traditions introduces differences within it. The study that we present in this article centers on a precise time and genre —post Civil War poetry— and should be considered as another aspect of this vast analytic territory, which could be extended to other periods and other genres. The Castilian system has been at the center of the polysystem, due in large part to political factors. In the 1960s Castilian hegemony gives rise to a form of polycentrism that would have its most innovative and dynamic foci in Castilian and Catalan literatures respectively. The symbolism-realism dialectic —inherited from the pre-War time— extends across the entire period. Francoist refression produced a politicization of literary creation that subordinated forma aspects to the will to denounce. The realist repertoire, which except for the Basque system manifested mainly in exile, is the principal cohesive factor of the Hispanic systems. When this closed code automates itself in the 1960s, codes that had been marginalized will emerge.

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Lunati, Montserrat. "LA TEXTUALITZACIÓ DEL CÀNCER A MILLOR QUE NO M’HO EXPLIQUIS (2003), D’IMMA MONSÓ, I ALTRES CONSTRUCCIONS CULTURALS DE LA MALALTIA." Catalan Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.14.

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The ironic discourse of this short story by Imma Monsó questions the myths and taboos that configure the social construct of cancer, above all the tropic readings of the disease as signifying negative political or psychological realities, and the process of depoliticization brought about by the philosophy of blaming patients for their own illness. Taking as a point of departure the “nomadic” and “corporal” feminism of such thinkers as Braidotti and Grosz (hearkening back to Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, but with a pertinent gender consciousness), and analyses of the cultural projection of cancer such as Sontag’s, Sedgwick’s or Stacey’s, this article explores the inclusive approach taken by the story towards one of the most intractable forms of alterity, that of one’s own diseased body, and relates it with other contemporary texts (Marçal, Monzó, Lorrie Moore) that deal with the same topic.

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Trias, Lluís Quintana, and Mònica Baró. "LA CORRESPONDÈNCIA ENTRE JOSEP PLA I L’EDITORIAL JOVENTUT I LES DECISIONS EDITORIALS DE PLA ALS ANYS 40." Catalan Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.16.

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Immediately after the Civil War, Josep Pla took some decisions—not merely aesthetic, but also commercial—about his work that would lead him to publish his books with five different publishers. This article provides an explanation for these decisions, supported by unpublished correspondence between Josep Pla and the Editorial Joventut (see appendix) and the recently-published correspondence between Pla and Cruzet.

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Julià-Muné, Joan, and Imma Creus. "PHONETIC VARIATION IN CATALAN: THE NEW DICCIONARI DE LA PRONÚNCIA CATALANA (DPC)." Catalan Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.8.

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The forthcoming Diccionari de la pronúncia catalana (DPC) aims to represent the recommended pronunciations and the pronunciations in common use of the four varieties of Catalan as spoken in Spain, that is, North Western, Valencian, Central, and Balearic. Compiled in collaboration with phoneticians from the Valencian area and the Balearic Islands, it contains about 170,000 entries and over 750,000 pronunciations, more than 10,000 of which have been verified through usage polls. The culmination of over fifteen years’ work, the dictionary is modelled mainly on J.C. Wells’ Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (1990; 2000, 2nd ed.) for English. The DPC includes a full general vocabulary as well as literary, scientific and technological terms (covering computing, law, medicine, and communications), and specific vocabulary of the four Catalan varieties. It also contains Catalan and foreign proper names (people, places, commercial, artistic, etc.), loanwords and neologisms, as well as abbreviations, acronyms, and onomatopoeias. In addition the DPC includes biographical and terminological information relating to the phonetic sciences.

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Pons, Margalida. "APROXIMACIÓ A LA NARRATIVA EXPERIMENTAL POSTFRANQUISTA." Catalan Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.11.

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In the 1970s, in the midst of the post-Franco cultural space, there arose an experimental narrative current that incorporated into the Catalan literary system new values and referents. A kind of self-reflective writing opened up, based on new theoretical (post-structuralist and telquelista discourse), ideological (rereading Marx and Freud), cultural (opening up to counterculture), and literary models (vindication of such authors as Lautreamont, Sade, Artaud and Mallarmé). Examples include citations from Barthes, Kristeva, Deleuze or Lacan in texts by Josep-Lluís Seguí, Biel Mesquida, Carles Hac Mor and Oriol Pi de Cabanyes, or even the musical and cinematographical references in Quim Monzo’s L’udol del griso al caire de les clavegueres. At the same time marginalized and institutionalized by the critics of the time, this current established forms of engagement with the sociopolitical reality of the day, based not on the mimetism of realist discourse, but rather on the subversion of categories of author, reader, text and literary language.

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Dooly, Melinda. "CONSTRUCTING DIVERSITY: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON CLASSROOMS IN CATALONIA." Catalan Review: Volume 21, Issue 1 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.21.9.

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Interactional analysis can be used to explore transcripts and to provide access to embedded, intertextual information in the discussion participants’ talk. In this article, the analysis provides “portraits” of preservice and inservice teachers’ orientation towards linguistic diversity in Catalan schools —orientations which can help reveal the discourse participants’ previous knowledge and understanding of such categories. By recognising these categorizations as both bounded by commonsense background knowledge and constructed in situ, the analysis looks at the categorising processes used by teachers as a part of their life of teaching. It also reveals the social nature of these categorizations because they are, in the dialogic sense, an inseparable element of the socially constituted fabric of language and human interaction (Bakhtin, Dialogic) in the environment of schooling and society.

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Cucarella, Toni. "LA LITERATURA CATALANA AVUI: MINIFUNDISME I FRAGMENTACIÓ." Catalan Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.4.

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Thirty years after the death of Franco, Catalan literature written in the various Catalan-speaking territories remains divided. This article analyses the causes of the fragmentation of Catalan literature during the years of political transition and reflects upon the liquidationist obstinacy of Spanish nationalism and the weakness—possibly congenital—of Catalan culture.

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Aulinas, Monserrat Adam. "DIFERÈNCIES DE GRAU EN EL CANVI LINGüíSTIC MORFOLÒGIC DINS D’UNA ZONA DEL CATALÀ I APROXIMACIÓ A LES CAUSES." Catalan Review: Volume 21, Issue 1 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 9–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.21.1.

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This paper examines the evolution during the 20th century of 10 dialectal features of verbal morphology, in an area of northeastern Catalonia. It compares dialectological data collected by Alcover in the first decades of the 20th century with data from recent interviews that have been carried out. The general conclusion is that, in this period, whereas features that can be characterized as typical of Roussillon Catalan have receded, those that are typical of Girona Catalan have remained stable in their use or, even, have increased. After presenting the numerical facts, the paper discusses spatial-typology reasons that might expia in this particular evolution; it also refers to system-internal reasons that should be taken into account as well.

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Johnston, Mark D. "RAMON LLULL’S RETHORICA NOVA 2.7 AND PROVERBIS D’ENSENYAMENT 175-225: AN EXAMPLE OF LULLIAN COMPILATIO." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.16.

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Modern scholars studying the oeuvre of Ramon Llull have labored for over a century to establish the chronology and filiation of his more than three hundred separate writings, in order to establish their discrete sequence and relationships as “sources” to one another. For some of his works, this labor has proven simply futile: Llull’s habit of recycling his own material, expressed in the idiosyncratic vocabulary of his Great Universal Art, and in several languages (Arabic, Catalan, Latin) makes it impossible to determine which versions of his material are “original.” A small, but illustrative, example of this problem are section 2.7 from his Latin Rethorica nova and items 175-225 from his Proverbis d’ensenyament. Comparison of these texts suggests that each is simply a Lullian exercise of compilatio, the recycling of material that in fact organizes his entire oeuvre, and that we should recognize this tactic of composition as pervasive and fundamental to all his writings.

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Lucas, John Scott. "TROVAS LEMOSINAS OR LLENGUA CATALANA: MAJADEROS DE CASTILLA AND THE MANY NAMES FOR THE CATALAN LANGUAGE." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.17.

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Abstract:

Previous attempts to understand the usage of the terms Catalan, Provençal, Occitan, and Limousin and the languages these designations represent have fallen short of any real analysis. Most scholars to date have either presented historical data without linguistic explication or have attempted to use the data to argue for particular political views on the question of Catalan and its many names. The present study of the names used for Catalan in different regions and at different times helps us understand the relationship of diglossia that existed between the Occitan and Catalan languages for about two hundred years and bears witness to the emergence of linguistic consciousness in Catalonia and in Valencia from the early Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Catr'

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