Academic literature on the topic 'Caterpillars Biological control'
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Journal articles on the topic "Caterpillars Biological control"
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Agasyeva, Irina. "Ectoparasite Habrobracon Hebetor Say Is an Efficient Biological Control Agent of Lepidopteran Pests." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128503010.
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Ectoparasite Habrobracon hebetor Say is one of the most widely used biological controllers in biological plant protection against a number of harmful lepidopterans, including especially dangerous pests of corn, soy, fruit and vegetable crops. As a result of research conducted in 2017, food specialization and parasitic activity of three different populations of H.hebetor were studied. Two races have been identified for mass rearing and application: pyralid and leaf roller (against corn moth, bean pod borer, apple and plum moths), and pyralid owl-moth (against cotton moth, corn borer, bean pod borer and boxwood moth). As a result of studies of biological features and trophic needs, it has been determined that caterpillars of mill moth (Ephestia cuhniellia Zella) should be used as a host insect for laboratory cultivation of the stock population of the Habrobracon pyralid and leaf roller race (race No. 1). For the introduced from South Kazakhstan the H.hebetor pyralid and noctuid race the most productive rearing is on the caterpillars of large bee moth (Galleria mellonela L.). Optimal temperature for rearing of both races is 26-28 ° C, relative air humidity is 70% and photoperiod is not less than 16 hours. It has been noticed that before laying eggs on the host’s caterpillars, the Habrobracon female preliminarily paralyzes the victim, piercing the sheath with ovipositor. As a result, the caterpillar stops eating and is immobilized. In 3-4 days larvae hatch out of the laid on the caterpillar eggs. The larvae feed on the contents of the caterpillars for 4-5 days, then pupate and after 6-8 days an adult insect leaves the cocoon. The development of one generation lasts 13-16 days, one cocoon includes one parasite. 1,000 large bee moth caterpillars used for infection provide on average 5.8-6.0 thousand cocoons, of which an average of 4.5-4.7 thousand parasites fly out.
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Picanço, Marcelo Coutinho. "Natural Biological Control of Diaphania spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) by Social Wasps." Sociobiology 59, no. 2 (September 26, 2014): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v59i2.618.
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The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) are important agents of biological control for agricultural pests. Diaphania hyalinata L. and Diaphania nitidalis Cramer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) are among the main pests of plants in the Cucurbitaceae family. Although the importance of social wasps is acknowledged, little is known about their activity as biological control agents in Diaphania spp. Thus, this work aimed to study the natural biological control of the caterpillars D. hyalinata and D. nitidalis by social wasps. We studied the natural biological control of caterpillars of D. hyalinata and D. nitidalis on cucumber hybrids Sprint 440 II and Vlasstar. The main predators of Diaphania caterpillars were the social wasps, followed by Diptera: Syrphidae; Hemiptera: Anthocoridae; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Anthicidae; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae and Arachnida: Araneae. Predation of D. hyalinata caterpillars by social wasps was high from the second to fifth instar. The predation of D. nitidalis caterpillars by social wasps was high from the second to fourth instar. There was no predation by social wasps on the first instar larvae of Diaphania spp. The cucumber hybrids did not influence the predation of Diaphania spp. by social wasps. The main social wasp predator of Diaphania spp. was Polybia ignobilis (Haliday). Also, we observed the social wasp Polybia scutellaris (White) preying on D. hyalinata but at low intensity.
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Afandi, Wandi Marwadi, Sulthon Parinduri, and Guntoro . "KEMAMPUAN PREDATOR (Sycanus annulicornis Dhorn) DALAM MENGENDALIKAN HAMA ULAT API (Setothosea asigna) DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Agro Estate 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jae.v3i1.20.
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Sycanus annulicornis is an important predator for palm leaf-eating caterpillars (UPDKS) from the Limacodidae family. Therefore, these predators need to be propagated and disseminated in the area of oil palm plantations so that they can become a mortality factor in biological control (UPDKS). Predator S. annulicornis is a predator that is very useful for controlling caterpillar pests in oil palm plantations. His ability to prey on fire caterpillars in the field, as well as his short life cycle and high reproductive ability make this predator very potential to be applied in fire caterpillar pest control. This research was carried out at Sycanus House Afdeling V Tanah Raja PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Serdang Bedagai North Sumatra. The time of the study was carried out in August - September 2018. The results showed that fire caterpillar (Setothosea asigna) was able to be controlled by predators (Sycanus annulicornis) in F1 treatment (1 Sycanus annulicornis), F2 (2 Sycanus annulicornis) and F3 on the first day after application, the highest mortality seen in the treatment F3 (3 Sycanus annulicornis).
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Milanovic, Slobodan. "Host plant effect on the susceptibility of gypsy moth caterpillars to insecticides." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 85 (2002): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0285069m.
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Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) is the most significant pest of broadleaf forests. The dynamics of gypsy moth population depends on several biotic and abiotic factors, but it is also highly dependent on the quality of consumed food. The gypsy moth control increasingly relies on the biological preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis subspec. kurstaki (Btk) and Lymantria dispar Nuclear Poliedrosis virus (NPV). Chemical preparations are still applied although more rarely, the pyrethroids which include also lambda-cyhalothrin This paper presents the study results of the effect of host plant on gypsy moth caterpillar (Lymantria dispar L) susceptibility to lambda cihalotrine insecticide, by which the study oak leaves were contaminated. The study results show the lowest mortality of the caterpillars fed on contaminated leaves of Turkey oak (17.5%), then pedunculate oak (86.1%), and the highest mortality of caterpillars fed on sessile oak leaves (92%). The rate of the gypsy moth caterpillar development depends on the host plant Susceptibility of the gypsy moth caterpillars to the above preparation depends on the host plant The knowledge of the effect of host plant on insecticide efficiency in gypsy moth suppression would render insecticide utilisation optimal.
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de Boer, Jetske, and Jeffrey Harvey. "Range-Expansion in Processionary Moths and Biological Control." Insects 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050267.
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Global climate change is resulting in a wide range of biotic responses, including changes in diel activity and seasonal phenology patterns, range shifts polewards in each hemisphere and/or to higher elevations, and altered intensity and frequency of interactions between species in ecosystems. Oak (Thaumetopoea processionea) and pine (T. pityocampa) processionary moths (hereafter OPM and PPM, respectively) are thermophilic species that are native to central and southern Europe. The larvae of both species are gregarious and produce large silken ‘nests’ that they use to congregate when not feeding. During outbreaks, processionary caterpillars are capable of stripping foliage from their food plants (oak and pine trees), generating considerable economic damage. Moreover, the third to last instar caterpillars of both species produce copious hairs as a means of defence against natural enemies, including both vertebrate and invertebrate predators, and parasitoids. These hairs contain the toxin thaumetopoein that causes strong allergic reactions when it comes into contact with human skin or other membranes. In response to a warming climate, PPM is expanding its range northwards, while OPM outbreaks are increasing in frequency and intensity, particularly in northern Germany, the Netherlands, and southern U.K., where it was either absent or rare previously. Here, we discuss how warming and escape from co-evolved natural enemies has benefitted both species, and suggest possible strategies for biological control.
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Ngapiyatun, Sri, N. Hidayat, and F. Mulyadi. "PENGENDALIAN PALATABILITAS ULAT API PADA TANAMAN SAWIT DENGAN APLIKASI BEBERAPA PESTISIDA NABATI DI LABORATORIUM." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 5, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v5i2.4371.
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One of the factors that cause the minus of palm oil is caterpillar pest attack. This study is conducted to make vegetable pesticides from seeds and soursop leaves, lemon grass, pepper and tobacco to overcome the palatability of the caterpillar. This study aims to determine the best extraction of vegetable pesticide and their effect in reducing the palatability of the caterpillar. The research was carried out in the laboratory and in palm fruit garden of MuaraBadak. The duration of research is 2 months covering preparation of tools and materials, making and application of vegetable pesticide and data retrieval. This study used a complete randomized design consisting of 6 treatments, namely control, soursop seeds, soursop leaves, lemongrass, peppercorn, and tobacco that are repeated 3 times. The leaves are dipped in pesticides according to the treatment and then the leaves are applied to the caterpillars for 7 days in which the leaves and the caterpillar are inserted into a jar being covered with gauze. The observed parameters are the activity of the caterpillar, the day of the caterpillar, and the caterpillar palatability. The results show that the best vegetable pesticides that could decrease the palatability of the caterpillars are tobacco extract treatment, which reaches 100%, where the caterpillars do not want to eat the application leaves and the caterpillars die on the 1st day after application.Keywords : Biological pesticide; palatability; fire caterpillar; palm oil.Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya hasil buah sawit adalah serangan hama ulat api. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan pestisida nabati dari biji dan daun sirsak, serai, biji lada dan tembakau untuk mengatasi palatabilitas ulat api. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan ekstraksi pestisida nabati yang terbaik dan pengaruhnya dalam menurunkan palatabilitas ulat api. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan di kebun sawit Muara Badak, lama waktu penelitian 2 bulan meliputi persiapan alat dan bahan, pembuatan dan aplikasi pestisida nabati serta pengambilan data. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri 6 perlakuan yaitu kontrol, biji sirsak, daun sirsak, serai, biji lada, dan tembakau yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Daun dicelupkan ke dalam pestisida sesuai dengan perlakuan kemudian daun diaplikasikan ke ulat selama 7 hari dengan cara daun dan ulat di masukkan ke dalam toples yang ditutup dengan kain kasa. Parameter yang diamati yaitu, aktifitas ulat, hari keberapa ulat mati, dan palatabilitas ulat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pestisida nabati terbaik yang dapat menurunkan palatabilitas ulat api adalah perlakuan ekstrak tembakau yaitu mencapai 100%, dimana ulat tidak mau memakan daun aplikasi dan ulat mati pada hari ke-1 setelah aplikasi.Kata Kunci : Pestisida Nabati; Palatabilitas; Ulat Api; Kelapa Sawit
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Vieira, M. C. S., E. C. S. Vieira, P. G. Silva, I. F. da Silva, C. J. Ávila, N. D. R. da Silva, I. C. Vessoni, and G. F. Rodrigues. "Effectiveness of Insecticides to Control Small and Large Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 6 (May 15, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n6p90.
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Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan pest with wide geographical distribution in Brazil. This pest was officially registered in 2013 on cotton, soybean, corn, and some weeds, although this species may have been present in the country since 2008. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of eight insecticides (seven chemicals and a biological product) to control small and large H. armigera caterpillars. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions (T 22±1 °C; RH 70±10%; 12h photoperiod), with nine treatments (g a.i./ha dose): flubendiamide (72), chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin (30 + 15), chlorfenapyr (288), spinetoran (18), indoxacarb (120), emamectin benzoate (10), metomil (322.5), Bacillus thuringiensis (500), and control (water). A completely randomized design was used with four replications for each size of caterpillars (small and large), and each repetition (plot) consisted of five H. armigera caterpillars fed with bean leaves immersed in the different treatments evaluated. The larval mortality evaluations were performed at one, three, five, and seven days after contact with the treated bean leaves, determining the control efficiency (E%) through the formula of Abbott (1925). All chemical and biological treatments tested caused significant mortality of small and large H. armigera caterpillars, reaching a control percentage of 100% at seven days after treatment, demonstrating the possibility of using the insecticides tested to control this pest under field conditions.
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XU, R., S. YANG, D. WU, and R. P. KUANFG. "Control effects and economic evaluation of pumpkin leaf extract on caterpillars of the small cabbage butterfly." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 5 (May 28, 2008): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608007909.
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SUMMARYThe control effect of Cucurbita ficifolia (pumpkin) leaf acetone extract on caterpillars of the small cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) was observed in laboratory and field experiments from 1 March 2006 to 30 May 2007. The mechanism of the action by which pumpkin leaf extract (PLE) controls small cabbage caterpillars was examined for feeding restraint, and the values for 0·50 feeding restraint concentration (FC50) and 0·95 feeding restraint concentration (FC95) after 12 and 24 h were estimated. The results showed that the absolute anti-feeding activity for fourth instar caterpillars after 12 h was 0·65 and after 24 h was 0·56, while relative anti-feeding activity was 0·57 after 12 h and 0·59 after 24 h. Field experimental results indicated that the leaf protection effects increased up to day 7, while the feeding control effects remained constant. Comparison of the profits from pest management using indigenous pesticides, biological pesticides and chemical pesticides and without pest management suggested that there are currently economic benefits associated with the use of indigenous pesticides, such as PLE.
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Ismail, Ismail, Rusli Anwar, and Wartomo. "PEMANFAATAN BUNGA PUKUL DELAPAN (Turnera subulata) SEBAGAI TANAMAN INANG BAGI PREDATOR DAN PARASITOID ULAT API (Studi Kasus PT. Tritunggal Sentra Buana)." JURNAL AGRIMENT 6, no. 2 (December 3, 2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/jurnalagriment.v6i2.588.
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This research is motivated by the importance of knowledge about alternative pest control that is safe but still supports the achievement of maximum oil palm production so that the balance of the oil palm plantation ecosystem can occur. The purpose of this study is to determine the technical cultivation and benefits of the Turnera subulata flower as a host plant for predators and parasitoids that function as biological agents for caterpillars and can be a reference for controlling caterpillar pests that are safe and still support the achievement of maximum oil palm production. The method used in this research is field observation and documentation from the company. The scope of this research covers the technical aspects of the biological control of caterpillars. This research data uses primary data and secondary data obtained from field observations and literature studies in the form of company reports in the form of percentages. The realization of Turnera subulata planting reached 21,659 m on CR road and 19,914 m on MR road. The planned planting of Turnera subulata is 57,200 m on the CR road and 45,823 m on the MR road. For the realization of the planting of Turnera subulata itself using seeds that are ready for planting. To obtain the seedling, the company conducts its nurseries. The seedling technique was done using the stem cutting technique. The stems for the cutting technique were taken from the Turnera subulata plant stems that have grown large. The type of stem taken is the old Turnera subulata plant stem. For seed care, the seeds are always watered every morning and evening like other flower plants. For the natural enemy insects, been proven that there are 6 natural enemy insects associated with Turnera subulata plants, 3 predators, and 3 parasitoids, each with a large enough number of insects. The types are Eocanthecona furcellata, Cosmolestes sp., Sycannus dichotomus, Spinaria spinator, Fornicia sp., and Chaetexorista javana. The development and the implementation of a control system are by optimizing the conservation and utilization of these biological control agents is a wise step to obtain an effective, efficient and environmentally friendly technique for controlling caterpillars. The presence of Turnera subulata plants can be used to suppress the development of pests in oil palm plantations by increasing the potential for natural enemies, both predators, and parasitoids. The diversity of wild plants with flowers can increase the variety of insects so that the balance of the ecosystem occurs.
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Georgiev, Georgi, Plamen Mirchev, Margarita Georgieva, Mihail Kechev, Sevdalin Belilov, Maria Matova, Vyara Petrova, Petya Mateva, Maria Kirilova, and Ilian Mutafchiiski. "Biological control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) by the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in Bulgaria in 2021." Silva Balcanica 22, no. 3 (December 14, 2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e78600.
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In 2021, biological control programme against gipsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations was carried out by introduction of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga on the territory of four State Forest Enterprises: Municipal Enterprise (ME) ‘Management of Municipal Forests, Agriculture and Forestry’, Nessebar; State Game Enterprises (SGE) Nessebar and Balchik; State Forestry (SF) Vidin. The pathogen was introduced during the period 15-26.03.2021 in 34 localities - five in ME Nessebar, eight in SGE Nessebar, ten in SGE Balchik and eleven in SF Vidin. The average number of gypsy moth population density in the locations of introduction was relatively high, ranging between 0.4-15.9 egg mass/tree in the area of ​​SGE Balchik and 11.9-65.0 egg mass/tree in the area of ​​ME Nessebar. The average mortality of young gypsy moth caterpillars (first-third instar) due to E. maimaiga varied between 2.6% (SGE Balchik) and 13.0% (SF Vidin), and of caterpillars in later fourth-sixth instar - between 20.7% (SF Vidin) and 52.4% (ME Nessebar). The overall mortality of the gipsy moth caterpillars due to E. maimaiga was lowest in the region of SGE Balchik (26.1%), followed by SF Vidin (33.7%), SGE Nessebar (48.5%) and ME Nessebar (55.9%). As a result of the introduction, gipsy moth severe outbreaks in the region of Nessebar was significantly suppressed. The high number of E. maimaiga resting spores persists in the surface layers of the soil in the other two areas (Vidin and Balchik) has the potential to suppress L. dispar attacks in next years.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caterpillars Biological control"
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Moraes, Roberto Henrique Pinto. "Identificação dos inimigos naturais de Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) e possíveis fatores determinantes do aumento da sua população." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-30122002-090738/.
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Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo, identificar os inimigos naturais de Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855, lagarta da síndrome hemorrágica em humanos. Através de exemplares de L. obliqua coletados no campo e criados em laboratório, foi possível a obtenção de insetos das ordens Diptera, Hymenoptera e Hemiptera além de Vírus e Nematóide, todos atuando como inimigos naturais. A partir do conhecimento das localidades onde ocorreram os acidentes hemorrágicos, localizou-se e reconheceu-se o hábitat atual desses insetos. Comparando-se as características bióticas e abióticas atuais dessas localidades, geralmente rurais, com aquelas existentes no final do século XIX, época em que ocorreu a formação desses municípios, procurou-se discutir os principais fatores que possivelmente tiveram influência no aumento da população dessa espécie.The main purpose of this study was to identify the natural enemies of Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855, the caterpillar responsible for the hemorrhagic syndrome in human beings. From immatures of L. obliqua, collected in the field and reared in the laboratory, insects of the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera, and also viruses and nematodes, were obtained. Based on the knowledge of the localities where hemorrhagic accidents were registered, the insect habitats were recognized. Comparing biotic and abiotic characteristics of these localities, generally rural, ones with those of the end of the XIX century, when the municipalities were created, an attempt was made to discuss the main factors might have influencing the increase of the species population.
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Malaquias, José Bruno. "Interações do algodão Bt, do inseticida imidacloprid e do predador Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) no manejo da resistência de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidade) a lambda-cyhalot." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-29052012-101249/.
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O presente estudo objetivou identificar as interações do Algodão Bt que expressa Cry1Ac (Bollgard®), com o predador Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), no manejo da resistência de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a lambda-cyhalothrin em duas condições: ausência e presença do inseticida imidacloprid. Foram utilizadas lagartas de S. frugiperda provenientes das seguintes condições: linhagens resistentes (1) e suscetíveis (2) a lambda-cyhalothrin alimentadas de folhas de algodoeiro Bollgard® (DP 404 BG); e linhagens resistentes (3) e suscetíveis (4) a lambda-cyhalothrin alimentadas de folhas de algodoeiro não transgênico (cultivar DP4049). Os resultados dessa pesquisa revelaram que na ausência de imidacloprid, independente do tratamento, o comportamento de predação foi melhor representado pelo tipo III de resposta funcional, pois a taxa de ataque aumentou linearmente em todas as condições estudadas (a= bN). Houve diferenças entre o tempo de manipulação (Th) de fêmeas do predador que receberam lagartas suscetíveis a lambda-cyhalothrin, previamente alimentadas de algodão não transgênico, em relação aos demais tratamentos. Na densidade de 16 lagartas/predador, o número de lagartas predadas por fêmeas de P. nigrispinus foi significativamente superior em lagartas resistentes a lambda-cyhalothrin, alimentadas de algodão Bt ou não Bt, em relação às lagartas suscetíveis alimentadas de algodão não Bt. Além do mais, se constatou que quando foram ofertadas 16 lagartas de S. frugiperda ao predador, o número de indivíduos predados foi significativamente inferior em lagartas suscetíveis a lambda-cyhalothrin que foram alimentadas de algodão não Bt, em relação as que receberam lagartas previamente alimentadas de algodão Bt. Na presença de imidacloprid, constatou-se que o comportamento de predação de P. nigrispinus foi afetado pelo neonicotinóide imidacloprid, sendo a curva assintótica do tipo II, a que melhor descreveu os dados da sua resposta funcional. Na presença de imadacloprid, o tempo de manipulação (Th) de fêmeas do predador não diferiu entre os tratamentos estudados. Todavia, a taxa de ataque foi representada por um decréscimo em função do aumento da densidade de lagartas ofertadas. Independente do tratamento (linhagem de S. frugiperda ou cultivar de algodão), o número de lagartas de S. frugiperda predadas por fêmeas de P. nigrispinus quando na exposição ao imidacloprid, foi significativamente inferior, especialmente na densidade de 16 lagartas/predador. Diante destes resultados, a pesquisa reforça que o custo adaptativo associado à resistência a lambda-cyhalothrin, assim como a cultivar de algodão Bt afetaram a taxa de predação de lagartas de S. frugiperda por fêmeas de P. nigrispinus, somente na maior densidade testada (16 lagartas/predador). O comportamento de predação de lagartas de S. frugiperda por fêmeas de P. nigrispinus foi negativamente afetado pelo inseticida imidacloprid.This study aimed to identify the interactions of Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac (Bollgard®), with the predator Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in resistance management of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to lambda-cyhalothrin in two conditions: absence and presence of the insecticide imidacloprid. Larvae of S. frugiperda were used from the following conditions: resistant (1) and susceptible (2) strains to lambda-cyhalothrin fed Bollgard® cotton leaves (DP 404 BG); and resistant (3) and susceptible (4) strains to lambda-cyhalothrin fed non-transgenic cotton leaves (cultivar DP4049). The results of this study revealed that in the absence of imidacloprid, independent of treatment, the behavior of predation was best represented by the type III of functional response, because the attack rate increased linearly in all conditions studied (a = bN). There were differences between the handling time (Th) of females of the predator who received larvae of S. frugiperda susceptible to insecticides previously fed non-transgenic cotton in relation to other treatments. The density of 16 larvae/predator, the number of larvae preyed by female of P. nigrispinus was significantly higher in larvae of S. frugiperda resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, fed on Bt cotton or non-Bt compared to susceptible larvae fed non Bt cotton. Moreover, when we offered 16 larvae of S. frugiperda to the predator, the number of larvae predate were significantly lower in larvae susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin that were fed non-Bt cotton, compared to larvae that were previously fed on transgenic cotton. In the presence of imidacloprid, the predatory behavior of P. nigrispinus was affected by the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, and the asymptotic curve type II was the one that best described the data of the functional response. In the presence of imadacloprid, handling time (Th) of females of the predator did not differ among treatments. However, the attack rate was represented by a decrease due to the increase of the density of larvae offered. Regardless of the treatment (strain of S. frugiperda or cultivar of cotton), the predation larvae of S. frugiperda by females of P. nigrispinus when exposed to imidacloprid was significantly lower, especially at density of 16 larvae/predator. Given these results, the research reinforces the fitness cost associated to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance as well as Bt cotton affected the rate of predation on larvae of S. frugiperda by females of P. nigrispinus, only at the highest density tested (16 larvae/predator). The behavior of predation on larvae of S. frugiperda by females of P. nigrispinus was affected by insecticide imidacloprid.
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Marcomini, Angelina Maria. "Bioatividade e efeito residual de nanoformulações de nim sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-09112009-141755/.
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Na tentativa de reduzir a biodegradação dos compostos ativos do nim e melhorar seu efeito residual, extratos de nim foram nanoformulados com diferentes tipos de nanoparticulas e de polímeros. Estas nanoformulações foram testadas sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) e sua eficiência comparada a um produto comercial. Os polímeros poli--caprolactona (PCL), poli-- hidroxibutirato (PHB) e polimetilmetacrilato(PMMA), foram utilizados nas quantidades 0,25, 0,50 e 0,75g, e em dois tipos de nanopartículas (cápsulas e esferas). Foram utilizados Tween®80 e polivinil álcool (PVA) como agentes tensoativos. As nanoformulações foram produzidas em suspensão aquosa e em pó, sendo diluídas para aplicação. Essas nanoformulações foram aplicadas sobre dieta artificial oferecida a lagartas de segundo instar de S. frugiperda, e em plantas de milho das quais as folhas foram cortadas e fornecidas a lagartas de primeiro instar. A eficiência de diferentes nanoformulações foi testada considerando a mortalidade e o peso 10 dias após o tratamento. Quando aplicado em dieta artificial foi observada redução no peso larval. Entretanto, quando aplicadas em folhas de milho, quatro nanoformulações causaram mortalidade entre 40 a 46%. Essas quatro nanoformulações foram avaliadas quanto à preferência alimentar e efeito residual. Foram conduzidos três bioensaios, nos quais as folhas de milho tratadas com as quatro nanoformulações foram oferecidas às lagartas aos 1, 3 e 7 dias após a pulverização (DAP), considerando-se mortalidade e peso das lagartas após 10 dias. Simultaneamente, foram realizados testes de preferência alimentar com dupla escolha (tratamento x controle) com discos foliares de milho aos 1, 3 e 7 DAP. A preferência alimentar foi determinada por meio de um índice de preferência, calculando-se a área foliar consumida pela lagarta após 24h. O efeito residual das nanoformulações foi menor que do produto comercial avaliado. Apenas uma nanoformulaçao e Organic Neem® apresentaram fagodeterrência a S. frugiperda, mas somente em 1 DAP. Embora as nanoformulações tenham causado mortalidade e redução de peso larval, sua eficiência foi inferior a do produto comercial.Neem extracts were nanoformulated with several types of nanoparticles and polymers in a tentative to reduce the biodegradation of neem active compounds and improve their residual effect. These nanoformulations were tested against Spodoptera frugiperda and their efficacy compared to a commercial product. The polymers poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(- hidroxibutirate) (PHB) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were used in the quantities 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75g and two sorts of nanoparticles (capsules and spheres). Tween®80 and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were utilized as surfactants. The nanoformulations were produced as aqueous suspension and powder and further diluted before application. These nanoformulations were sprayed on artificial diet offered to second instars of S. frugiperda, and on corn plants which had their leaves offered to first instars. The efficacy of the different formulations was tested by assessing larval mortality and weight 10 days after treatment. When applied to artificial diets, reduced larval weight was observed, but four of them caused 40 to 46% mortality when applied on corn plants. The four most effective nanoformulations were further tested to evaluate their effects on S. frugiperda larval feeding preference and their residual effect. Three bioassays were set up using corn leaves treated with these, wich were offered to larvae at days 1, 3 and 7 after spraying (DAS), having the larval mortality and weight assessed 10 days after larval exposure. Simultaneously, choice tests for larval feeding preference (treatment x control) were carried out using corn leaf discs 1, 3 and 7 DAS. Feeding preference was evaluated by using a preference index calculated after the assessment of the leaf area fed by the larva 24h after exposure. The residual effect of the neem nanoformulations was lower than the commercial product evaluated. Only one nanoformulation and Organic Neem® were feeding deterrents to S. frugiperda, but only in the first day after the treatment. Although the nanoformulations caused larval mortality and weight reduction, their efficacy was not any better than that of the commercial product tested.
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Knowles, Tim C. "Alfalfa Caterpillar/Butterfly." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146690.
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2 pp.The first sign of a potential alfalfa caterpillar (Colias eurytheme) outbreak is the influx of large numbers of yellow or white butterflies in late spring or early summer. This publication discusses the biology of the alfalfa caterpillar, the damage it causes, the biological and cultural controls, and the treatments for it.
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Linkous, Emily Kathryn. "Integrating biological control and chemical control of cabbage caterpillar pests." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366362436.
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Oliveira, Fábio Rodrigo de. "PROSPECÇÃO DE FUNGOS PARA O CONTROLE DE Anticarsia gemmatalis HÜBNER, 1818 (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4867.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, is considered a major insect pest of soybean. For its control, an alternative to chemical methods is the microbial control, inserted into the pest biological control. Thus, the objective of this study was to isolate fungi from contaminated A. gemmatalis caterpillars and evaluate the pathogenic potential of isolated fungal cultures. For the fungus that caused the greatest mortality percentage of larvae exposed, enzymatic production capacity and production feasibility were found. Still, pathogenicity was evaluated and LC50 and LC90 from the best formulation obtained were established. The fungi isolation occurred from caterpillars on mummification stage, obtained in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Larvae mortality, allied to observation of mummification stage, lead to identify the species as Aspergillus nomius presenting the best results (about 95% mortality) among the 20 isolated-fungi. There was no growth of this fungus in culture media rich in chitin and lipids. However, there was growth in a media containing protein, which might suggest that the fungus is a good protease type enzyme producer. Testing to evaluate A. nomius production feasibility, the average spore s concentration (conidia mL-1) in all treatments were similar, with the majority stayed with 1010 conidia.mL-1. Visually, the treatment with 25% water volume per rice volume (50mL), addition of casein in the medium and adding of 6 mL of spore suspension of the fungus A. nomius, which resulted in 2.88 x1010 conidia mL-1, the rice was looser and, therefore, more aired, which may have resulted in a trend toward to a better fungus development. It was evaluated the pathogenicity of this formulated, yielding a high level of mortality among A. gemmatalis larvae, similar to results obtained when spore suspensions originated were applied directly from the fungus growth plates. Yet, at the same conidia concentration mentioned, but testing various dosages, values around 2,23x107 and 1,46x1010 mL.lagarta-1 were obtained, corresponding to LC50 and LC90, respectively, estimated by probit method. Finally, it is concluded that A. nomius presents a high potential regarding to a possible use as A. gemmatalis biological control agent in soybean crops. However, because it is a fungus with pathogenic potential for humans and other native fauna animals, it is necessary further studies related to aflatoxin production by this pathogen and its effects on the environment.
A lagarta-da-soja, Anticarsia gemmatalis, é considerada o principal inseto-praga dessa cultura. Para o seu controle, uma alternativa aos métodos químicos é o controle microbiano, inserido dentro do controle biológico de pragas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o isolamento de fungos de lagartas de A. gemmatalis contaminadas e avaliar o potencial patogênico das culturas fúngicas isoladas. Para o fungo que ocasionou a maior porcentagem de mortalidade das lagartas expostas, foi verificada a capacidade de produção enzimática e a viabilidade de produção. Ainda, foi avaliada a patogenicidade e foram estabelecidas a DL50 e a DL90 da melhor formulação obtida. O isolamento dos fungos se deu partir de lagartas, em estágio de mumificação, obtidas na região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A mortalidade das lagartas, aliada à observação de estágio de mumificação nas mesmas, serviu para identificar a espécie Aspergillus nomius como apresentando o melhor resultado (cerca de 95% de mortalidade) dentre os 20 fungos isolados. Não se observou o crescimento desse fungo em meios de cultura ricos em quitina e lipídios. Porém, houve crescimento em meio contendo proteína, podendo-se sugerir que o fungo é um bom produtor de enzimas do tipo proteases. No teste visando avaliar a viabilidade de produção de A. nomius, a concentração média (conídios.mL-1) de esporos em todos os tratamentos foi semelhante, sendo que a maioria ficou na casa de 1010 conídios.mL-1. Visualmente, no tratamento com 25% de volume de água por volume de arroz (50mL), adição de caseína no meio e adição de 6 mL de suspensão de esporos do fungo A. nomius, e que resultou em 2,88x1010 conídios.mL-1, o arroz ficou mais solto e, com isso, mais aerado, o que pode ter resultado numa tendência de melhor desenvolvimento do fungo. Foi avaliada a patogenicidade desse formulado, obtendo-se um alto nível de mortalidade em lagartas de A. gemmatalis, semelhante aos resultados obtidos quando foram aplicadas suspensões de esporos originadas diretamente das placas de crescimento do fungo. Ainda, na mesma concentração de conídios mencionada, porém testando-se várias dosagens, foram obtidos valores em torno de 2,23x107 e 1,46x1010 mL.lagarta-1, correspondentes à CL50 e CL90, respectivamente, estimadas utilizando-se o método de Probit. Por fim, conclui-se que A. nomius apresenta um alto potencial com vistas a uma possível utilização como agente de controle biológico de A. gemmatalis em cultivos da soja. Porém, por se tratar de um fungo com potencial patogênico para o homem e para outros animais da fauna nativa, é necessário aprofundar estudos relacionados à produção de aflatoxinas por esse entomopatógeno e seus efeitos no ambiente.
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Winckler, Daniela Cristina Firmino [UNESP]. "Bioecologia e controle microbiano de sarsina violascens (Herrich-schaeffer, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) em Eucalyptus spp." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105380.
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A espécie Sarsina violascens (Herrich–Schaeffer, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) é relatada como praga primária em plantios de eucalipto e teve sua primeira ocorrência registrada em 1975. No período de 2006 a 2009 houve grandes surtos dessa praga, causando desfolhamento intenso em plantios de eucalipto no norte da Bahia. Apesar dos estudos feitos no passado terem considerado espécies de eucalipto, há pouca informação sobre a suscetibilidade de clones híbridos de eucalipto à mariposa violácea. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a biologia de S. violascens em diferentes espécies e híbridos de eucalipto e em diferentes temperaturas, além de avaliar a eficiência de entomopatógenos no controle de S. violascens. No experimento 1 a biologia de S. violascens foi determinada nas espécies Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla e dois híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla (‘urograndis’). Os parâmetros avaliados foram duração e viabilidade dos estágios larval, pupal, adulto e de ovo e do ciclo total. No experimento 2 foi selecionada a espécie E. urophylla como padrão e avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes temperaturas (18, 22, 26 e 30oC) no desenvolvimento de S. violascens, avaliando-se os mesmos parâmetros anteriores. Os resultados obtidos no experimento 1 revelaram que E. urophylla ofereceu melhores condições para odesenvolvimento de S. violascens, com maior viabilidade larval (85,3 %), pupal (78,7 %) e de ovos (72,6 %), e menor duração do ciclo total (54,4 dias). A espécie E. grandis foi considerada a menos adequada ao desenvolvimento de S. violascens, revelando baixas viabilidades larval (29,2 %) e pupal (28,9 %). Os resultados obtidos com os dois híbridos foram intermediários comparativamente com as espécies testadas. No experimento 2 as temperaturas de 18, 22 e 26°C foram adequadas para o desenvolvimento e reprodução de S. violascens, com alta viabilidade...
Defoliator lepidopterous are one of the main Eucalyptus pest groups in Brazil. There are records of caterpillars outbreaks since 1940, with important occurrences during 1980’s to 1990’s. The species Sarsina violascens (Herrich–Schaeffer, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), named as violet moth, is related as pest in eucalypts plantations since 1975 and during 2006 to 2009, this species has occurred in outbreaks, causing intense defoliation in eucalypt plantations in Northern Bahia, Brazil. Despite studies in the past have considered species of eucalyptus, there is little information about susceptibility of Eucalyptus hybrid clones to violet moth. This study aimed to determine the biology of S. violascens in different species and hybrids of eucalyptus and in different temperatures. The insects were observed diary to evaluate life cycle in different species of eucalyptus (experiment 1) and in different temperatures (experiment 2). In experiment 1 were tested the following species: Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla and two hybrids of E. grandis x E. urophylla (‘urograndis’). The parameters evaluated were: duration and viability of larvae, pupae, adult and eggs phases and total life cycle. In experiment 2 was chose the species E. urophylla as standard and evaluated the effect of temperatures of 18, 22, 26 and 30oC, considering the same previous parameters. The results obtained in experiment 1 showed that E. urophylla offered better conditions to S. violascens development and reproduction, due the higher larvae, pupae and eggs viability, and shorter total life cycle duration. The species E. grandis was considered as less adequate to S. violascens development and reproduction, with low larvae and pupae viability. To the two hybrid clones, the results were intermediary comparatively with tested species. In experiment 2 temperature of 18°C showed the most adequate to S. violascens... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Saraiva, Nayara Braga. "Vespa social Polybia fastidiosuscula: resposta olfativa para voláteis e identificação dos compostos de plantas de milho induzido." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/755.
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A lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepdopitera: Noctuidae) é praga na cultura do milho, afetando em até 60% os rendimentos de grãos. Uma das formas de controle dessa praga é por meio do controle biológico, sendo as vespas predadoras uma alternativa viável . Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta olfativa da vespa social Polybia fastidiosuscual (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) para voláteis liberados por plantas de milho e/ou da lagarta S. frugiperda. Utilizando um olfatômetro em Y, foram realizados bioensaios comportamentais para verificar a resposta comportamental das vespas sociais aos voláteis liberados por lagartas S. frugiperda, por plantas de milho, por plantas de milho induzidas com lagartas Spodoptera frugiperda e plantas de milho injúrias mecânicas e/ou tratadas com regurgito de lagartas ou água. Observou-se que as vespas sociais não tiveram preferência significativa quando ofertou-se, ar, lagartas, plantas de milho sem indução ou plantas de milho injuriadas mecanicamente tratadas com água. No entanto, as vespas preferiram plantas induzidas por lagartas S. frugiperda ou plantas injuriadas mecanicamente tratadas com regurgito de lagartas durante os intervalos de 5-6 horas e 24-25 horas. O mesmo não foi observado quando as plantas foram induzidas por lagartas ou injuriadas mecanicamente tratadas com regurgito de lagarta no intervalo de 1-2 horas. Estes resultados foram confirmados quando ofertou-se os extratos plantas de milho induzidas por lagartas S. frugiperda ou plantas de milho injuriadas mecanicamente tratadas com regurgito de lagartas após 5-6 horas de indução versus o hexano como controle. Em uma segunda fase os extratos de plantas de milho sem indução, plantas de milho com a presença de S. frugiperda por 1 hora, plantas de milho com a presença continua de S. frugiperda e de plantas de milho injuriadas mecanicamente tratadas com regurgito de lagartas foram quantificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a detecção por ionização de chamas (CG-DIC) e analisados por cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM) utilizando o gás hélio como gás de arraste. Os dados foram coletados e avaliados com o software ChemStation. E a identificação dos compostos dos extratos das plantas de milho foi feita por comparação dos tempos de retenção no CG-DIC com os dos padrões usando coluna apolares e cálculo do índice de Kovats.
The caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepdopitera: Noctuidae) is a pest in corn, affecting up to 60%, the grain yield. One way to control this pest is through biological control, and predatory wasps a viable alternative. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the olfactory response of the social wasp Polybia fastidiosuscula (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to volatiles released by maize plants and / or caterpillar S. frugiperda. Using a olfactometer-Y, behavioral experiments were conducted to verify the behavioral response to volatile social wasps released by S. frugiperda larvae by corn plants, induced by corn plants with caterpillars Spodoptera frugiperda and corn plants mechanical injuries and / or treated with caterpillars regurgitate or water. It was observed that the wasps did not have significant social preferably when offered up, air, caterpillars, corn plants without induction or mechanically injured maize plants treated with water. However, wasps preferred induced by S. frugiperda larvae or mechanically injured plants treated with caterpillars of regurgitation during intervals 5-6 hours and 24-25 hours plants. The same was not observed when plants were induced by caterpillars or injured mechanically treated with caterpillar regurgitate in the range of 1-2 hours. These results were confirmed when offered up corn plant extracts induced by S. frugiperda larvae or corn plants injured overflow, mechanically treated larvae after 5-6 hours of induction versus hexane as control. In a second phase extracts of corn plants without induction, corn plants with the presence of S. frugiperda for 1 hour, corn plants with the continued presence of S. frugiperda and corn plants injured mechanically treated regurgitate Crawler were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using helium as the carrier gas. Data were collected and evaluated with the ChemStation software. And the identification of compounds of extracts of maize plants was made by comparison of retention times in GC-FID with patterns using nonpolar column and Kovats index calculation.
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Winckler, Daniela Cristina Firmino. "Bioecologia e controle microbiano de sarsina violascens (Herrich-schaeffer, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) em Eucalyptus spp /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105380.
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Orientador: Carlos Frederico WilckenBanca: Wilson Badiali Crocomo
Banca: Nádia Cristina de Oliveira
Banca: Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin
Banca: Ronaldo Pavarini
Resumo: A espécie Sarsina violascens (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) é relatada como praga primária em plantios de eucalipto e teve sua primeira ocorrência registrada em 1975. No período de 2006 a 2009 houve grandes surtos dessa praga, causando desfolhamento intenso em plantios de eucalipto no norte da Bahia. Apesar dos estudos feitos no passado terem considerado espécies de eucalipto, há pouca informação sobre a suscetibilidade de clones híbridos de eucalipto à mariposa violácea. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a biologia de S. violascens em diferentes espécies e híbridos de eucalipto e em diferentes temperaturas, além de avaliar a eficiência de entomopatógenos no controle de S. violascens. No experimento 1 a biologia de S. violascens foi determinada nas espécies Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla e dois híbridos de E. grandis x E. urophylla ('urograndis'). Os parâmetros avaliados foram duração e viabilidade dos estágios larval, pupal, adulto e de ovo e do ciclo total. No experimento 2 foi selecionada a espécie E. urophylla como padrão e avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes temperaturas (18, 22, 26 e 30oC) no desenvolvimento de S. violascens, avaliando-se os mesmos parâmetros anteriores. Os resultados obtidos no experimento 1 revelaram que E. urophylla ofereceu melhores condições para odesenvolvimento de S. violascens, com maior viabilidade larval (85,3 %), pupal (78,7 %) e de ovos (72,6 %), e menor duração do ciclo total (54,4 dias). A espécie E. grandis foi considerada a menos adequada ao desenvolvimento de S. violascens, revelando baixas viabilidades larval (29,2 %) e pupal (28,9 %). Os resultados obtidos com os dois híbridos foram intermediários comparativamente com as espécies testadas. No experimento 2 as temperaturas de 18, 22 e 26°C foram adequadas para o desenvolvimento e reprodução de S. violascens, com alta viabilidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Defoliator lepidopterous are one of the main Eucalyptus pest groups in Brazil. There are records of caterpillars outbreaks since 1940, with important occurrences during 1980's to 1990's. The species Sarsina violascens (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), named as violet moth, is related as pest in eucalypts plantations since 1975 and during 2006 to 2009, this species has occurred in outbreaks, causing intense defoliation in eucalypt plantations in Northern Bahia, Brazil. Despite studies in the past have considered species of eucalyptus, there is little information about susceptibility of Eucalyptus hybrid clones to violet moth. This study aimed to determine the biology of S. violascens in different species and hybrids of eucalyptus and in different temperatures. The insects were observed diary to evaluate life cycle in different species of eucalyptus (experiment 1) and in different temperatures (experiment 2). In experiment 1 were tested the following species: Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla and two hybrids of E. grandis x E. urophylla ('urograndis'). The parameters evaluated were: duration and viability of larvae, pupae, adult and eggs phases and total life cycle. In experiment 2 was chose the species E. urophylla as standard and evaluated the effect of temperatures of 18, 22, 26 and 30oC, considering the same previous parameters. The results obtained in experiment 1 showed that E. urophylla offered better conditions to S. violascens development and reproduction, due the higher larvae, pupae and eggs viability, and shorter total life cycle duration. The species E. grandis was considered as less adequate to S. violascens development and reproduction, with low larvae and pupae viability. To the two hybrid clones, the results were intermediary comparatively with tested species. In experiment 2 temperature of 18°C showed the most adequate to S. violascens... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Bueno, Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas. "Bases biológicas para utilização de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) para controle de Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) e Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-15092008-161852/.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de utilização de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) no manejo de Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) e Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), foram realizados diferentes bioensaios incluindo seleção de linhagens, avaliação das características biológicas, capacidade de parasitismo, exigências térmicas, determinação do número ideal de parasitóide a ser liberado por ovo da praga, capacidade de dispersão e tempo de permanência no campo do parasitóide e seletividade dos agroquímicos ao parasitóide. Através da seleção de espécies/linhagens de Trichogramma e Trichogrammatoidea verificou-se que T. pretiosum, linhagem coletada em Rio Verde, GO (RV) apresentou melhor desempenho biológico dentre as demais. A duração do período de desenvolvimento de T. pretiosum linhagem RV, criado em ovos de ambas as pragas apresentou relação inversa com o aumento de temperatura. A emergência da referida linhagem em ovos de A. gemmatalis não foi afetada na faixa de temperatura estudada, porém quando criada em ovos de P. includens, a temperatura de 32oC afetou tal parâmetro biológico. O limiar térmico inferior de desenvolvimento de T. pretiosum linhagem RV foi menor em ovos de P. includens (10,6ºC) quando comparado com o de A. gemmatalis (11,6ºC) e conseqüentemente, a constante térmica também variou sendo de 152 GD para P. includens e de 128 GD para A. gemmatalis. O número estimado de gerações de T. pretiosum linhagem RV, por ciclo da soja variou de 21 e 20 gerações para Rio Verde, GO e 22 e 21 gerações Barreiras, BA, em ovos de P. includens e A. gemmatalis, respectivamente. O ritmo de parasitismo de T. pretiosum linhagem RV foi influenciado pelas temperaturas testadas, com concentração do parasitismo nos primeiros dias de vida das fêmeas, exceto na temperatura de 18oC em ovos P. includens e nas temperaturas de 18 e 20oC para A. gemmatalis em que o parasitismo ocorreu durante toda a vida do parasitóide. O parasitismo total foi influenciado pelas temperaturas, com maiores valores entre as temperaturas de 22 a 28oC em ovos de P. includens e entre 25 e 28oC em ovos de A. gemmatalis. Em condições de semi-campo, determinou-se que o maior parasitismo foi obtido com uma proporção de 25,6 parasitóides por ovo da praga para as duas espécies de pragas. A capacidade de dispersão na cultura da soja é de 8,0 m, sendo a área de dispersão de 85,18m2. Assim, há a necessidade de 117 pontos de liberação do parasitóide por hectare para uma distribuição homogênea do parasitóides em toda a área. Após a liberação de T. pretiosum linhagem RV os parasitóides permaneceram na cultura da soja por doze dias, embora o parasitismo seja efetivo até o quarto dia. Os resultados básicos obtidos em ovos de P. includens e A. gemmatalis apontam para a possibilidade de controle conjunto destas duas pragas na cultura da soja, com utilização desse parasitóide de ovos. Os inseticidas, herbicidas e fungicidas utilizados na cultura da soja afetaram diferentemente o parasitismo e a viabilidade de T. pretiosum linhagem RV, sendo classificados desde seletivos até nocivos.Different bioassays were carried out aiming to evaluate the potential of using Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to manage Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) and Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Among those bioassays there were the strains selection, biological characteristics and parasitism capacity, thermal requirements, establishment of ideal number of parasitoids to be released per number of pest eggs, parasitoid dispersal capacity, amount of time that the parasitoids remain active in the field after releasing and pesticide selectivity to the parasitoid. Throughtout the species/strains selection of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea it was possible to determine that Trichogramma pretiosum, strain collected in Rio Verde (RV), showed the best biological performance among the tested species/strains. Trichogramma pretiosum RV development time, when it was reared in eggs of both pest species, was inversely related to the increase in temperature. T. pretiosum RV reared in A. gemmatalis eggs had not its emergency (%) modified by temperature changes, however, when it was reared in P. includens eggs, it had a lower emergency (%) at 32oC. The lower temperature threshold (Tb) was lower for T. pretiosum RV in P. includens eggs (10.6oC) when compared to T. pretiosum in A. gemmatalis eggs (11.6oC) and consequently the thermal constant (K) was also different being 152 and 128 GD for P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs, respectively. The estimated number of generations of T. pretiosum RV in eggs of both species varied along soybean crop season being 21 and 20 generations for Rio Verde, GO and 22 and 21 generations for Barreiras, BA in P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs, respectively. The parasitism rhythm of T. pretiosum RV was changed by the tested temperatures, concentrating the parasitism during the first days except at 18oC in P. includens eggs and at 18 and 20oC in A. gemmatalis eggs when the parasitism occurred during the whole parasitoid lifespan. The total parasitism was influenced by the temperatures, being higher among 22 and 28oC in P. includens eggs and among 25 and 28oC in A. gemmatalis eggs. The higher parasitism rate is reached at 51.2 and 25.6 female parasitoid per P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs, respectively, accordingly to what was established at greenhouse trials. T. pretiosum RV dispersing capacity in soybean fields is 8.0 m and its dispersal area is 85.18 m2. Therefore, it is required a minimum of 117 parasitoid releasing points per hectare in order to have a homogeneous parasitoid distribution in the field. After T. pretiosum RV release, parasitoids remained in the soybean crop for 12 days. However, the parasitism was effective up to 4 days. The results from this research for P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs indicate that the control of both pests might be possible using the T. pretiosum RV. Insecticides, herbicides and fungicides commonly used in soybean fields impacted differently the parasitism of T. pretiosum RV, being classified since harmless (class 1) to harmful (class 4).
Books on the topic "Caterpillars Biological control"
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Barry, John Willard. Work plan--Bacillus thuringiensis: Drift/dispersion and effects on non-target Lepidoptera, Utah 1993 : phase III. Davis, Calif: USDA Forest Service, Forest Pest Management, 1993.
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Habeck, Dale H. Waterlettuce caterpillar, Namangana pectinicornis Hampson, for biological control of waterlettuce, Pistia stratiotes L. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Caterpillars Biological control"
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Moscardi, Flávio, and Beatriz S. Corrêa Ferreira. "Biological Control of Soybean Caterpillars." In World Soybean Research Conference III: Proceedings, 703–11. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429267932-119.
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Moscardi, Flávio, and Daniel R. Sosa-Gómez. "A Case Study in Biological Control: Soybean Defoliating Caterpillars in Brazil." In International Crop Science I, 115–19. Madison, WI, USA: Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1993.internationalcropscience.c20.
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Nasser, M., and U. C. Abdurahiman. "Biological Control of the Coconut Caterpillar Opisina Arenosella (Lepidoptera: Xylorictidae): Achievements and Prospects." In Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture, 285–305. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1377-3_17.
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Gilberto Raetano, Carlos, Matheus Mereb Negrisoli, Flávio Nunes da Silva, Danilo Morilha Rodrigues, and Evandro Pereira Prado. "Optimization of Application Technology for Plant Protection Products in Soybean Crops in Brazil." In Soybean - Recent Advances in Research and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103182.
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Soybean is the main commodity of Brazilian agribusiness, and the country stands out for the largest world production of this oilseed. The culture is carried out under two main forms of cultivation, conventional and in the form of no tillage. The possibility of two to three agricultural crops per year contributes to the emergence of various plant protection problems, including soybean rust, the stinkbug complex, defoliating caterpillars, nematodes, in addition to competition with weeds. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to describe the main application techniques of chemical or biological products in the control of agents that are harmful to the soybean crop, as well as to bring technological innovations involving remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle, and other techniques of application in the control of these harmful agents to the crop. Also comment on the benefits of spray adjuvants and the limitations of tank-mixes with plant protection products intended for soybean cultivation.
Conference papers on the topic "Caterpillars Biological control"
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Orki, Omer, Offer Shai, Itay Tehori, Michael Slavutin, and Uri Ben-Hanan. "Employing Assur Tensegrity Structures Methods for Simulating a Caterpillar Locomotion." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28687.
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The paper presents an ongoing project aiming to build a robot, composed of Assur tensegrity structures, that mimics the caterpillar locomotion. Caterpillars are soft bodied animals capable of making complex movements with an astonishing fault-tolerance. In this model, a caterpillar segment is represented as a 2D tensegrity triad, consists of two cables and a linear actuator which are connected between two bars. The unique engineering properties of Assur tensegrity structures which were mathematically proved only this year, together with the suggested control algorithm share several analogies with the biological caterpillar. It provides each triad with an adjustable structural softness. Therefore, the proposed robot has a fault-tolerance and can adjust itself to the terrain roughness. This algorithm also reduces the control demands of the non-linear model of the triad by enabling simple motion control for the linear actuator and one of the cables, while the other cable is force controlled.
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Юдицкая, И. "Защита персика от чешуекрылых вредителей." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.60.
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The results of the research of efficiency of use of biological preparations against dominant lepidopteran pests in peach plantations in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. It was found that the use of biological preparations reduced the damage of shoots by caterpillars of lepidopteran pests by 2.3-6.1 times, to fruits - by 1.7-3.7 times compared to the control variant.