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Academic literature on the topic 'Caterpillars and tree damage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Caterpillars and tree damage"

1

Kreuger, Betty, and Daniel A. Potter. "Does Early-Season Defoliation of Crabapple (Malus sp.) by Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Induce Resistance to Japanese Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)?" Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.3.457.

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We tested the hypothesis that early-season defoliation of flowering crabapple, Malus sp., by eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americanum F., induces localized or systemic resistance to Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, feeding on the same trees in late June. ‘Candymint Sargent’ crabapple trees were inoculated with M. americanum egg masses, resulting in extensive defoliation during March and April. Second flush leaves of defoliated trees were smaller and thinner than those of control trees. In laboratory feeding assays with non-damaged foliage, beetles generally preferred fully expanded leaves over partially expanded ones, regardless of whether or not the source tree had been defoliated. Detached first flush leaves with caterpillar damage were fed upon less than comparable non-damaged leaves, suggesting that early-season wounding causes some within-leaf reduction in palatability to P. japonica. Other assays with detached first- and second-flush leaves, however, indicated absence of induced, systemic resistance. Previously-defoliated and control trees sustained comparable damage from natural beetle populations in the field. Our results suggest that defoliation of Malus sp. by tent caterpillars in early spring is unlikely to reduce feeding damage by Japanese beetles later in the same growing season.

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Witwicka, Alicja, Danuta Frydryszak, Andrzej Antoł, and Marcin Czarnoleski. "Effects of habitat, leaf damage and leaf rolling on the predation risk of caterpillars in the tropical rain forest of Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, no. 5 (July 11, 2019): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000191.

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AbstractAddressing what affects predation among caterpillars, we conducted an experiment in a Bornean rain forest on 212 clay models of Tortricidae caterpillars (the herbivore) and 53 trees of Kopsia pauciflora (the host), located either in the open or under closed canopies. We predicted that the frequency of predatory attacks towards caterpillars increases (1) in canopy gaps and (2) on leaves damaged by herbivory, but (3) decreases among caterpillars that wrap their body in leaves. Each plant with caterpillar models was consecutively allocated to one of four treatments: caterpillars artificially rolled in leaves vs caterpillars on unrolled leaves, and caterpillars on artificially damaged vs undamaged leaves. Each time, caterpillar models were placed on the plants for 48 h, and then replaced with new models that were subjected to a new treatment. On average, our caterpillar models had a 21% chance of being attacked per 24 h. More attacks were performed by insects (81.6%) than birds. The attack frequency did not depend on the canopy cover or on leaf damage, but decreased among models rolled in leaves. This pattern was mainly attributable to insect attacks, which were also more frequent than bird attacks. Overall, the Tortricidae caterpillars seem to suffer comparable predation rates in the open and under closed canopies irrespective of the herbivory damage of leaves, but their leaf-rolling behaviour might reduce predation.

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Amo, Luisa, Marcel Dicke, and Marcel E. Visser. "Are naïve birds attracted to herbivore-induced plant defences?" Behaviour 153, no. 3 (2016): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003345.

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Arthropod herbivory induces the emission of plant volatiles that can be used by natural enemies of the herbivores to find their prey. Recently it has been shown that insectivorous birds also use these volatiles to locate their prey. Results of a previous study showed that birds with experience in foraging for caterpillars in trees were able to discriminate between caterpillar-infested and uninfested trees, even in the absence of caterpillars or their damage on leaves. Here, we tested whether the attraction to caterpillar-infested trees is exhibited in birds naïve with respect to finding caterpillars on trees. Results show that naïve great tits (Parus major) were not attracted to infested trees, when they could not see the larvae or their feeding damage. Naïve birds cannot discriminate between caterpillar-infested and uninfested trees. Therefore, the attraction to caterpillar-infested trees does not seem to be innate in great tits, and may be acquired through learning.

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Negreiros, Allana A., Adrian M. Pohlit, Fabricio Baccaro, Héctor H. F. Koolen, and Adrian A. Barnett. "The bitter end: primate avoidance of caterpillar-infested trees in a central Amazon flooded forest." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 3 (March 2019): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0056.

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Animal–plant interactions are often mediated by chemical compounds. It has been widely reported that herbivore damage to plants induces chemical defenses which may then affect subsequent interactions with both invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. Our study investigated the effects of the interaction between larvae of an unidentified nymphalid butterfly and the tanimbuca tree (Buchenavia ochroprumna Eichl.; Combretaceae) on subsequent folivory by a primate, the golden-backed uacari (Cacajao ouakary (Spix, 1823); Pitheciidae). Primate-feeding observations, records of the extent of nymphalid – B. ochroprumna interactions, and tree distribution occurred in Jaú National Park, Amazonas State, Brazil. The values of Ivlev’s electivity index showed that C. ouakary strongly rejected trees infested by caterpillars (−0.68), whereas non-infested trees were highly selected by them (+0.84). Given this behavior, we suggest that C. ouakary may be deterred by (i) caterpillars, (ii) change in leaf chemical composition induced by caterpillars, or (iii) a combination of both.

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Kuntadi, Kuntadi, and Ragil S. B. Irianto. "The impact of leaf-eating caterpillars (Heortia vitessoides) infestation on agar trees in Carita forest research station, Province of Banten." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2018.vol7iss1pp25-35.

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The gregarious caterpillars of Heortia vitessoides Moore is a major defoliator of agar trees. The pest seriously threatens the existing agar tree plantation that has been widely cultivated in the community. Pest attacks began to occur in Indonesia since 2005, resulting in the damage and death of agar tree plants in various regions.To determine the impact of pest attack, a study was conducted through periodic monitoring at agar plantation in Carita Forest Research Station (CFRS), Banten Province, from April 2012 to March 2015. Monitoring was conducted in three plots of agar plantations. Each plot consists of six permanent subplots and in each subplot 15 samples of agar tree were randomly choosen. Data were collected and analyzed on monthly basis according to the intensity of defoliation and the mortality of agar trees. Defoliation intensity was determined by the percentage number of trees suffering defoliation in four damage categories, i.e.: light (10-25%), moderate (25-50%), heavy (50-75%), and severe (75-100%). Tree mortality was calculated as the annual percentage of dead trees. The study showed that the defoliation occurred throughout the year in varying degrees of damage. The monthly percentage of defoliated trees is about 30-70% annualy. The high percentage of tree defoliation mainly occurs during dry and early rainy season (June-December). Higher percentage of heavy and severe defoliations were found mostly at seedling. Repeated heavy defoliation causes stunted growth and tree mortality. Early monitoring and control of pests are very important to be done regularly to prevent the damage wider and heavier.

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Kashirskaya, Natalia, Andrei Kuzin, and Anna Kochkina. "Biological efficiency of plant protection products to control codling moth on apple immune cultivars." BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213404001.

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The caterpillars of this codling moth can damage up to 90% of fruits during mass reproduction. Changing weather conditions contribute to increasing the harmfulness of the primary pest of the apple tree. The research was carried out to select modern plant protection products with high biological efficiency to control codling moths and increase the productivity of the apple orchard. The research was carried out in the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre apple orchard. We studied the efficiency of plant protection products on apple cultivars immune to scab: ‘Akademik Kazakov,’ ‘Vympel,’ ‘Bylina,’ ‘Rozhdestvenskoye,’ ‘Fregat.’ The efficiency of these preparations was studied with low application rates to reduce the fruit damages by codling moth. The values of fruit damage in control without treatment during the years of the research as the result of vital pest activity: Generation 1: 4.9-17.8%; Generation 2: 5.4-16.3%. In the experiment treatment, Generation 1 damaged 0.24-1.50%, and Generation 2 injured 0.36-1.60% of fruits. The biological efficiency of the experimental treatment was high and reached controlling Generation 1: 91.0-98.5%, Generation 2: 90.0-96.0%. The average yield in the experimental treatment was 29.4 kg tree−1 with a share of first-grade fruits 85-90% (2019) and 39.4 kg tree−1, 90-91% (2020).

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Płuciennik, Zofia. "The Control of Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) Population Using Mating Disruption Method." Journal of Horticultural Research 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2013-0009.

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Abstract The series of experiments on codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) control using mating disruption method were conducted in three experimental orchards during 2006-2010 growing seasons. The efficacy of two commercial pheromone preparations: Ecodian CP and Isomate CTT, in comparison to pesticides Calypso 480 SC and Appeal 04 PA, was evaluated on the base of percentage of damaged fruits, number of caterpillars collected during their migration for overwintering in bands of corrugated cardboard placed on tree trunk and number of moths caught in pheromone traps. Two thousands dispensers of Ecodian CP were used twice a season (at 6-week interval) on the area of 1 ha of the orchard. Five hundred of Isomate CTT dispensers were applied once a season on 1 ha of the orchard. In all the experiments, application of mating disruption method significantly reduced the level of apple damage; the control efficacy (calculated according to Abbott’s formula) ranged from 54.2% to 95.8%. The efficacy of chemical control ranged from 58.5% to 93.0%. The lower efficacy of mating disruption method was noticed in orchards with high codling moth population. The treatments also affected the number of caterpillars caught in bands of corrugated cardboard placed on tree trunk. In experiments where the codling moth was not controlled, the number of caterpillars per a band varied from 0.2 to 11.9 whereas in these where the pest was controlled chemically or by mating disruption method, their number varied from 1.4 to 2.8 specimens.

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Ribeiro, Genésio Tâmara, Marcelo da Costa Mendonça, João Basílio de Mesquita, José Cola Zanuncio, and Gervásio Silva Carvalho. "Spittlebug Cephisus siccifolius damaging eucalypt plants in the State of Bahia, Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 40, no. 7 (July 2005): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2005000700015.

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Most common pests of eucalyptus plants in Brazil are leaf cutting ants and defoliating caterpillars. Other groups, eventually, feeding on eucalyptus include Heteroptera and cicadas. The objectives of this work were to identify and to describe attack symptoms of Cephisus siccifolius (Walker 1851) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) on eucalyptus trees in a stand of 25.77 hectares in the State of Bahia, Brazil, where 99.3% of them were attacked by this spittlebug. Damage was more severe on branches and leaves. Tree death was, relatively, low while those cut showed 4.7 colonies of this spittlebug with 21.9 nymphs per colony. Cultural control with the removal of trees attacked was recommended.

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Wily A. Baringbing and Bariyah Baringbing. "STUDIES ON HIDARI IRAVA LEAF CONSUMPTION IN RELATION TO WARNING SYSTEM IN THE CONTROL OF THE COCONUT PEST." CORD 9, no. 02 (June 1, 1993): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v9i02.273.

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Two‑month laboratory and field experiments were carried out to investigate amount of leaflet consumed by the leaf‑eating caterpillar. Hidari irava Moore, during the larval stadium in an effort to determine the right time to control the pest chemically. The experiment was conducted in Pakuwon Experimental Garden, West Java, Indonesia in 1990. A total of 70 larvae of the hesperiid were reared in laboratory. Mature coconut leaflets replaced daily with fresh material. Were cut arid measured for food of the caterpillars in glass containers. Fifty mature hybrid coconuts, Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD) x West African Tall (WAT), were studied to calculate the leaflet weight of each leaf. A leaf was cut from each palm. There were 50 leaves used altogether. Results of the study showed that a single larva, from the second to fifth instars, consumed 13.90 g coconut leaflet. Weight of leaflets per leaf was 2,562.79 g and 66,455.29 g per tree. A population of 18.43 larvae per leaf caused 10% damage to the crown of a palm tree.

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Kosibowicz, M., W. Grodzki, and M. Jachym. "Local outbreak of the spruce needle tortricid Epinotia tedella Clerk (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in the Sudetes in Poland." Beskydy 7, no. 1 (2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/beskyd201407010029.

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In 2004–2006 a local outbreak of Epinotia tedella was recorded on an area of 1,371 ha in Middle and Eastern Sudetes (Sowie and Bialskie Mts.) in Poland. In Bialskie Mts. slight damage dominated, while in Sowie Mts. more concentrated but moderate damage prevailed. The damage on older trees was limited to the lower half of the crowns, while on younger trees the middle parts of the crowns were more affected. The results of one-year field experiments towards the development of monitoring and forecast tools are presented in the paper. The results from ground emergence traps reflected phenology of butterflies’ emergence and the species preferences regarding older stands. The pheromone traps demonstrated the insect concentration on higher (above 900 m a.s.l.) elevations and confirmed the preference of older stands. Field observations revealed that a part of caterpillars can overwinter in the feeding places in tree crowns. The outbreak was incidental, with no effect on trees and stands. No new damage was recorded after 2006. The use of emergence traps and pheromone traps can be an interesting perspective, but further experiments concerning the interpretation of results are needed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caterpillars and tree damage"

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Hunter, M. "Interactions between phytophagous insects on the pendunculate oak." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233562.

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Kelly-Syrota, Jennifer. "Post-ice storm tree damage in four eastern Ontario woodlots." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50397.pdf.

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Warrillow, Michael P. "Ecological Impact of Glaze Storm Damage in an Appalachian Oak Forest." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31507.

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Glaze damage to canopy trees, gap size and seedling regeneration was surveyed relating to site topographic features after a major glaze storm at Fishburn Forest in the central Appalachian mountain region. The survey sites were stratified according to aspect and landform, and sample plots were randomly assigned to each topographic category. The canopy trees in the plots were tallied and their damage was visually classified. The results demonstrated that different species had different susceptibilities to glaze damage and susceptibility of species varied as topography changed. Virginia pine was the most susceptible species. In general, trees had the greatest damage on steep slopes and eastern aspects, and least damage on toe-slopes. Some species varied greatly in their susceptibility to glaze damage across the topographic categories, such as red maple, while some species varied little, like blackgum. Basal area was reduced 6% and varied due to species and topography. Where glaze damage was severe, gaps in the forest canopy were created. Gap sizes and the effects of gap size and topography on seedling regeneration within gaps caused by glaze damage were assessed. Seedlings were tallied by species and height in microplots within each sample plot and in the nearest gap, where gap size was measured. Gap size varied from 14,000 m2 to less than 20 m2. Average gap size was 255 m2. Canopy tree damage, forest type and topography were the most important factors affecting gap size. Gaps tended to be larger on steep backslopes. Common seedling species in both gaps and understory were sassafras, serviceberry and red maple. Disturbance affected both seedling height and density, as did topography. However gap size had effect only on seedling height. The future forest in this area is unlikely to change significantly, as species composition of seedlings was largely unaffected by the glaze storm damage.
Master of Science

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Day, Susan D. "Growth and Physiology of Several Urban Tree Species in Soils Disturbed by Construction Fill or Compaction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28639.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of applying fill soil around existing trees and mechanisms for species tolerance to soil compaction, both common site disturbances in urban forestry. Groups of 22-year-old white oak (Quercus alba) and 13-year-old sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) were subjected to one of three treatments: a control, fill (20 cm of subsoil spread over the root zones), and compacted fill (same as fill soil, but compacted). Additionally, individual trees had tree wells (fill soil pulled away from trunks), or not. After three years, treatments had no consistent effect on tree growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, or soil respiration. However, soil treatments disrupted normal soil moisture patterns at both sites. Roots of white oak grew into fill layers, although overall root growth was not significantly affected by treatment. Sweetgum roots grew very little into fill soils. However, root distribution shifted upward in the original soil under uncompacted fill. Other factors associated with raising the soil grade, such as soil trafficking and root severance, may be largely responsible for the tree decline often attributed to construction fill. Another experiment investigated the relationship between tolerance of wet soils and the ability to grow in compacted soils. It was hypothesized that tree species tolerant of wet soils would have opportunities for root growth in compacted soil when high soil moisture reduced soil strength. Seedlings of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), a species intolerant of inundation, and silver maple (Acer saccharinum), a bottomland species, were grown in a loam soil maintained at various combinations of soil strength and soil matric potential. In moderately compacted soil (1.5 g cm-3 bulk density), maple seedlings, but not dogwoods, had greater root growth rate, root length per plant, and ratio of root length to root dry weight in the wet soil (0.006 MPa soil matric potential) than in the moist and dry soils (0.026 and 0.06 MPa, respectively). No such effect was detected in highly compacted soil (1.7 g cm-3). It can be concluded that silver maple roots can grow in moderately compacted soil when high soil water content decreases soil strength, whereas dogwood is unable to take advantage of this opportunity.
Ph. D.

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Mohd, Salim @. Halim Jamilah. "Tree resistance and responsiveness to mechanical damage and fungal pathogens in dipterocarp forest of Sabah, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=130838.

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A survey of dipterocarp forest in four sites revealed that the incidence of stem canker was relatively low but high localized incidences were recorded. No consistent association was obtained between the presence of mechanical damage and cankers. Cankers occurred more frequently on dipterocarps and less frequently on euphorbs. Field studies and experimental manipulations were used to compare sapling resistance and responsiveness to wounding and stem breakage in relatively nutrient-rich, alluvial forest and relatively nutrient-poor, sandstone ridge forest. Species found on sandstone ridges showed greater resistance to damage (e.g., greater stem flexibility, narrower crowns) than those on alluvial soils. Species common on alluvial soils tended to be more responsive to damage (e.g., faster wound closure rates, more likely to re-sprout). Results from manipulation experiments conducted on pot-grown seedlings were consistent with results from the field studies, where conditions of greater nutrient availability, saplings closed wounds at faster rates, had less flexible stems, more narrow crowns, and lower levels of foliar total phenolics. Species showed differential rezones to resource availability which, in part, may relate to contrasting strategies for investment in passive defence (i.e., resins and phenolics) over investment in growth. Through their narrower crowns, greater whole stem flexibility, and lesser stem taper, tree species characteristic of sandstone ridges had greater resistance to mechanical damage from debris falling from above than congeneric species characteristic of alluvial soils. Tree species characteristic of alluvial soils were more responsive to damage than congeners on sandstone ridges, by producing earlier and longer sprouts following stem snapping and more rapid rates of wound closure following wounding.

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Wu, Qiusheng. "Object-oriented representation and analysis of coastal changes for hurricane-induced damage assessment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307109132.

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Travis, David J., Vernon Meentemeyer, and Roger P. Belanger. "Stressed Trees Produce a Better Climatic Signal than Healthy Trees." Tree-Ring Society, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261930.

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The basis for the selection of trees to be used in the production of dendrochronologies has long been an issue (Douglass 1946; Fritts 1976). In humid regions the common practice has been to use trees that appear to be in good health. As a part of a larger study involving the impact of ice storms on tree-ring increments (Travis 1989), we show that trees stressed as a result of ice damage produced a stronger climatic signal than nondamaged trees.

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Swisher, Julie Lee. "Assessing Forest Damage and Tree Response to Ice Storm Injury in Thinned and Unthinned Hardwood Stands in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SwisherJL2001.pdf.

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Lemessa, Debissa. "Pests and pest controlling organisms across tropical agroecological landscapes in relation to forest and tree-cover." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102849.

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A major challenge in agroecosystems is how to manage the systems so that it reduces crop pests and enhances natural pest control. This thesis investigates patterns of crop pests and top-down effects of birds and arthropod predators in relation to land-use composition across spatial scales. In paper (I) I examined the crop distribution and land-use types in relation to the crop raiding patterns in 15 transectsin sites close to and far from forests along with a questionnaire survey at household level. I found severe crop raiding close to forests, but it had no impact on crop composition growing between the two sites. In paper (II) I examined the effect of forest and tree cover, at local and landscape scales, on the abundance of arthropod predators by collecting specimens from 40 home gardens. My result showed higher abundance of arthropod predators when either the home garden or the surroundings had a high tree-cover, compared to when tree-cover at both scales was similarly either high or low. In paper (III) I investigated the effect of excluding birds and arthropod predators on leaf damage on rape seed in 26 home gardens. I found stronger top-down impacts from arthropod predators on crop pests in tree-poor gardens than in tree-rich gardens. There was no effect of birds. In paper (IV) I explored the effect of landscape complexity on bird and arthropod predation using plasticine caterpillars in 36 home gardens across landscapes. The rate of arthropod predation on caterpillars was higher in simple than in complex landscapes. The rate of bird predation did not vary between complex and simple landscapes. In simple landscapes, arthropod predation was higher than that of birds. The overall results suggest that simplified gardens/landscapes still have enough habitat heterogeneity to support arthropod predators for the significant top-down controlling effect on crop pests. However, I did not find clear effect of complexityon the top-down effect of birds.

At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript; Paper 3: Manuscript; Paper 4: Manuscript

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Read, Wolf Anthony. "The climatology and meteorology of windstorms that affect southwest British Columbia, Canada, and associated tree-related damage to the power distribution grid." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54280.

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High-wind generating extratropical cyclones routinely strike southwest British Columbia. Improved understanding of these storms could help mitigate damage to electrical and other infrastructure. All independent windstorms from 1964-2012 were determined using the Victoria, Vancouver and Abbotsford hourly surface observations. For all qualifying events 1994-2012, storm tracks and central pressure tendencies were determined using surface maps. Storms were classified by peak wind direction and track location. Detailed synoptic and mesoscale maps were made and analyzed for eight strong windstorms. BC Hydro Corporation distribution-system power outage data from October 2005 to August 2009 was used in an analysis of tree-related line faults within a 50 km radius of Vancouver. For events with peak speed >40 km h-¹, maximum wind, gust, wind direction, storm total precipitation and storm duration were used to predict line faults using linear and Poisson regression. Data from four strong windstorms was used in an hour-by-hour analysis of wind speed and line faults. There were two dominant categories of cyclonic windstorm in this region: westerly and southeasterly. Cyclone tracks had much variation. However, compared to westerly storms, southeasters tended to have a stronger northward component to their direction of motion and tended to pass closer to the study region. Most low-pressure centers weakened rapidly as they moved inland and, as a result, peak winds typically occurred at landfall. The exception is for westerly storms where the wind is dependent on an onshore pressure gradient behind the low. There was moderately strong linear relationship between peak two-min wind or five-s gust and the frequency of distribution line faults. Poisson regression models indicate the potential for widespread grid damage for wind speeds approaching the historic 12 Oct 1962 windstorm. On average, southeasters cause approximately 1.5-1.9 times more line faults than westerly windstorms. A few-hour lag in the occurrence of line faults relative to observed wind speed, perhaps due to reporting delays, was observed. This has not been reported before and could confound analyses that use daily data. The modeling done here could be expanded to forecast storm impacts to the power grid using numerical weather prediction model inputs.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate

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Books on the topic "Caterpillars and tree damage"

1

Biddle, Giles. Tree root damage to buildings. Wantage: Willowmead Publishing, 1998.

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Lionni, Leo. The alphabet tree. New York: Knopf, 2004.

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Stokes, Bryce J. Wood damage from mechanical felling. New Orleans, La: Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1990.

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Cosgrove, Stephen. The dream tree. New York: Price Stern Sloan, 2002.

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Great Britain. Department of the Environment. and Construction Research Communications Ltd, eds. Damage to buildings caused by trees. London: Construction Research Communications, 1996.

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Knappenberger, Chip. Frequency of weather related tree damage in Virginia. Columbia, SC: Southeast Regional Climate Center, South Carolina Water Resources Commission, 1993.

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Kelly-syrota, Jennifer. Post-ice storm tree damage in four eastern Ontario woodlots. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Afreh-Nuamah, Kwame. Insect pests of tree crops in Ghana: Identification, damage and control measures. [Accra: s.n.], 1999.

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Crookston, Nicholas L. Foliage dynamics and tree damage components of the western spruce budworm modeling system. Ogden, UT (324 25th Street, Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1991.

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Thomson, M. Economic analysis of plantation damage caused by wildlife along the south-western side of Mount Kenya. Nairobi: KIFCON, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Caterpillars and tree damage"

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Sutinen, Marja-Liisa, Rajeev Arora, Michael Wisniewski, Edward Ashworth, Richard Strimbeck, and Jiwan Palta. "Mechanisms of Frost Survival and Freeze-Damage in Nature." In Tree Physiology, 89–120. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_4.

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Law, Brad, Peggy Eby, and Doug Somerville. "Tree-planting to conserve flying-foxes and reduce orchard damage." In Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox, 84–90. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2002.041.

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Leinonen, Ilkka, and Seppo Kellomäki. "Effects of Climatic Warming on Frost Damage of Scots Pine." In Impacts of Global Change on Tree Physiology and Forest Ecosystems, 165–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8949-9_22.

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Ding, Zhenghao, Jun Li, and Hong Hao. "Structural Damage Detection with Uncertainties Using a Modified Tree Seeds Algorithm." In Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering, 751–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27053-7_63.

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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "More on manipulating text." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 257–74. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0257.

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Abstract This chapter provides more information on manipulating text, presenting two examples. Example 1 focuses on standardizing names in a phylogenetic tree description, using R to reformat taxon names, create lists, sort data and use wildcards for when some things you are interested in don't have exactly the same length. The example tree description concerns parasitoids of caterpillars at a study site that have been DNA barcoded and their possible taxonomic identities added automatically. Example 2 deals with substrings of unknown length. This example search for a numeric substring of unknown length but with a standard prefix, using data of some DNA sequences from a set of Aleiodes wasps. The trimming of white spaces and/or tabs, use of wildcards to locate internal letter strings, finding of suffixes, prefixes and specifying of letters, numbers and punctuation, manipulation of character case, ignoring of character case, and specifying of particular and modifiable character classes are briefly described.

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Quicke, Donald L. J., Buntika A. Butcher, and Rachel A. Kruft Welton. "More on manipulating text." In Practical R for biologists: an introduction, 257–74. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0022.

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Abstract This chapter provides more information on manipulating text, presenting two examples. Example 1 focuses on standardizing names in a phylogenetic tree description, using R to reformat taxon names, create lists, sort data and use wildcards for when some things you are interested in don't have exactly the same length. The example tree description concerns parasitoids of caterpillars at a study site that have been DNA barcoded and their possible taxonomic identities added automatically. Example 2 deals with substrings of unknown length. This example search for a numeric substring of unknown length but with a standard prefix, using data of some DNA sequences from a set of Aleiodes wasps. The trimming of white spaces and/or tabs, use of wildcards to locate internal letter strings, finding of suffixes, prefixes and specifying of letters, numbers and punctuation, manipulation of character case, ignoring of character case, and specifying of particular and modifiable character classes are briefly described.

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Raitio, Hannu. "Weather conditions during 1980–1995 and tree damage directly attributable to weather." In Forest Condition in a Changing Environment, 41–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9373-1_5.

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Ellsworth, David S., Melvin T. Tyree, Bruce L. Parker, and Margaret Skinner. "Impact of Pear Thrips Damage on Sugar Maple Physiology: A Whole-Tree Experiment." In Thrips Biology and Management, 53–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1409-5_4.

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van Noordwijk, Arie J. "The Effects of Forest Damage on Caterpillars and their Effect on the Breeding Biology of the Great Tit, an Overview." In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 215–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_18.

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Denise Christine Shields, Vonnie. "Functional Morphology of Gustatory Organs in Caterpillars." In Moths and Caterpillars. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99293.

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The sense of taste plays a pivotal role in the behavior of insects. Caterpillars depend largely on taste cues from plants to detect and locate food sources. Taste stimuli can be either simple or complex as multimolecular mixtures. The insect faces the task of deciphering the nature of these tastants and must then make appropriate feeding choices. Typically, caterpillar larvae possess four types of bilateral gustatory sensilla on their mouthparts. The lateral and medial styloconic sensilla are thought to be the primary organs involved in feeding. These sensilla are in continuous contact with plant sap during feeding and can detect different phytochemicals present in the plant. The gustatory sensory input is encoded as patterns of nerve impulses by gustatory receptor cells housed in these sensilla. Therefore, these gustatory receptor cells form the first layer of a decision-making process that ultimately determines whether food is accepted or rejected by the insect. Caterpillars, such as gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) are major forest pests in most of the United States. These larvae are highly polyphagous feeders and defoliate a variety of tree species, including forest, shade, fruit, and ornamentals. This chapter discusses morphological, feeding behavioral, and electrophysiological aspects of gustatory sensilla with respect to gypsy moth caterpillars.

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Conference papers on the topic "Caterpillars and tree damage"

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BRÜGGEMANN-KLEIN, ANNE, and DERICK WOOD. "CATERPILLARS, CONTEXT, TREE AUTOMATA AND TREE PATTERN MATCHING." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812792464_0023.

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Luiz, Atílio G., C. N. Campos, and R. Bruce Richter. "Some families of 0-rotatable graceful caterpillars." In I Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2016.9831.

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A graceful labelling of a tree T is an injective function f: V (T) → {0, 1, . . . , |E(T)|} such that {|f(u)−f(v)|: uv ∈ E(T)} = {1, 2, . . . , |E(T)|}. A tree T is said to be 0-rotatable if, for any v ∈ V (T), there exists a graceful labelling f of T such that f(v) = 0. In this work, it is proved that the follow- ing families of caterpillars are 0-rotatable: caterpillars with perfect matching; caterpillars obtained by identifying a central vertex of a path Pn with a vertex of K2; caterpillars obtained by identifying one leaf of the star K1,s−1 to a leaf of Pn, with n ≥ 4 and s ≥ ⌈n−1 2 ⌉; caterpillars with diameter five or six; and some families of caterpillars with diameter at least seven. This result reinforces the conjecture that all caterpillars with diameter at least five are 0-rotatable.

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Biddle, Giles. "Tree Root Damage to Buildings." In Shallow Foundation and Soil Properties Committee Sessions at ASCE Civil Engineering Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40592(270)1.

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Юдицкая, И. "Защита персика от чешуекрылых вредителей." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.60.

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The results of the research of efficiency of use of biological preparations against dominant lepidopteran pests in peach plantations in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. It was found that the use of biological preparations reduced the damage of shoots by caterpillars of lepidopteran pests by 2.3-6.1 times, to fruits - by 1.7-3.7 times compared to the control variant.

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Ma, Haiying, Feng Gao, and Zhifeng Zhang. "Notice of Retraction Process and application of equipment battlefield damage assessment based on damage tree." In 2013 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qr2mse.2013.6625939.

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Tang, Zhiwu, Qing Xue, Meng Zhao, and Yang Wei. "Decision tree algorithm for tank damage analysis in combat simulation tests." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274185.

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Sasagawa, Kazuhiko, Akihiko Kirita, Takehiro Abo, and Abdul Hafiz Nor Hassan. "Numerical Simulation of Threshold Current Density of Electromigration Damage in Cu Interconnect Tree." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89229.

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As silicon integrated circuits (ICs) continue to scale down, several reliability issues have emerged. Electromigration — the transportation of metallic atoms by the electron wind — has been recognized as one of the key damage mechanisms in metallic interconnects. It is known that there is the threshold current density of electromigration damage in via-connected line. The evaluation of the threshold current density is one of the great interests from the viewpoint of IC reliability. Recently, the threshold current density in interconnect tree was evaluated. However, it might not be so accurate because of evaluation of two-dimensional structure by combining one-dimensional analysis. In this study, the evaluation method of the threshold current density based on the numerical simulation is applied to several kinds of interconnect tree.

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Yingjie, Lv, Wang Kang, Cheng Weimin, and Pei Pei. "Damage assessment analysis of reconnaissance satellite based on the multi-state fault tree." In 2016 IEEE/CSAA International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems (AUS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aus.2016.7748236.

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Coelho, Clyde, and Aditi Chattopadhyay. "Feature Reduction for Computationally Efficient Damage State Classification Using Binary Tree Support Vector Machines." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-640.

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This paper proposes a computationally efficient methodology for classifying damage in structural hotspots. Data collected from a sensor instrumented lug joint subjected to fatigue loading was preprocessed using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to extract features that are relevant for classification and reduce the dimensionality of the data. The data is then reduced in the feature space by analyzing the structure of the mapped clusters and removing the data points that do not affect the construction of interclass separating hyperplanes. The reduced data set is used to train a support vector machines (SVM) based classifier and the results of the classification problem are compared to those when the entire data set is used for training. To further improve the efficiency of the classification scheme, the SVM classifiers are arranged in a binary tree format to reduce the number of comparisons that are necessary. The experimental results show that the data reduction does not reduce the ability of the classifier to distinguish between classes while providing a nearly fourfold decrease in the amount of training data processed.

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Coelho, Clyde K., Santanu Das, and Aditi Chattopadhyay. "Binary tree SVM based framework for mining fatigue induced damage attributes in complex lug joints." In The 15th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Douglas K. Lindner. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.776481.

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Reports on the topic "Caterpillars and tree damage"

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Christy, TraNese S. The Fault Tree and Damage Assessment List Utility (User Guide). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430398.

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Morin, Randall S., Scott A. Pugh, and Jim Steinman. Mapping the occurrence of tree damage in the forests of the northern United States. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-162.

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.

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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.

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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.

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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.

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Tree-care worker is crushed by cut tree section during storm damage cleanup. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface12nj078.

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