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1
Jonsson, Anna. "Reference interval for urinary catecholamines and methylated catecholamines analysed using HPLC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180252.
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Catecholamines are stress hormones that are produced and released by a rare tumor called pheochromocytoma. This tumor can cause hypertension which if undiagnosed and untreated leads to death. Since good therapy is available, it is important to find the tumor in time. The most common way to diagnose the tumor is measurement of the biochemical markers; catecholamines and their metabolites, methylated catecholamines. After observation that almost all normetanephrine results for women were higher than the upper reference limit and therefore pathological, the accuracy of the present reference intervals was questioned. Therefore new reference intervals for both urinary catecholamines and methylated catecholamines were developed by analysis of 46 samples using HPLC. Creatinine was analysed in acidified urine in order to see if the results became the same as when analysed in non-acidified urine. Urinary catecholamines and methylated catecholamines were analysed using HPLC. Comparison between measurement of creatinine in acidified urine and non-acidified urine with an enzymatic method was performed using Architect ci 8200, Abbott. As suspected, there was a difference between the present and new intervals. Therefore the new intervals will be used for future diagnosis. There was no difference between the two treatments of creatinine samples wherefore it can be measured in both.In conclusion reference intervals determind in this study will be used and it was shown that creatinine can be measured in acidified urine.
2
Achola, Kohath Jenge. "Measurements of catecholamines during anaesthesia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33571.
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Factors affecting catecholamine levels in vitro were studied using the modified high pressure liquid chromatography method with electrochemical detection. Differential centrifugation showed that platelet-rich plasma contained significantly higher catecholamine levels than platelet-poor plasma. Serum samples had significantly higher catecholamine levels than plasma. Plasma or serum samples clotted with glass beads had significantly higher catecholamine levels than those without. Therefore, consistent results can only be obtained when catecholamine samples are spun at the same speed, either plasma or serum can be used, but not both in a single study. Post-dated blood for transfusion was used to study stability of catecholamines, and showed that catecholamines are stable. Hence, the collection of blood samples for catecholamine measurements was modified. Blood samples were collected in Vacutainer tubes containing lithium heparin without antioxidants and not pre-cooled, samples were spun at the convenient time. This was welcomed by the clinicians who did not have to interrupt clinical assessment to care for blood samples as with the former method. The three clinical studies showed no significant differences in catecholamine levels in patients undergoing laryngoscopy with and without tracheal intubation, whether or not the patients were beta blocked or had received topical tracheal analgesia. The mean catecholamine levels were within the normal range. No relationships between baseline catecholamine levels and the baseline blood pressures or heart rate nor between the changes in catecholamine levels from the baseline and the corresponding changes in blood pressures or heart rate. The Injury Severity Score in minor injured patients had no relationship with plasma catecholamine levels, and no significant rise in noradrenaline levels when the ISS<30 and adrenaline levels when the ISS<17. The studies suggest that catecholamine levels are of no value in assessing the severity of minor injuries, or changes in blood pressures or heart rate during anaesthesia.
3
Henegar, Jeffrey R. "The role of catecholamines in angiotensin II - related myocardial damage." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821330.
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Khorchid, Amani. "The effects of catecholamines on oligodendrocytes /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82901.
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The aim of the studies underlying this thesis was to characterize the effect of catecholamines on developing rat brain oligodendrocytes by characterizing the alpha1-adrenoceptor (alpha1-AR) expressed in oligodendrocytes, determining the signaling pathway downstream from the second messenger molecules, and demonstrating a cytotoxic response to catecholamines.Norepinephrine (NE) caused a time- and concentration-dependent increase in total inositol phosphate formation (IPt). Using various selective antagonists, we identified that, similar to progenitors, the alpha 1A-AR subtype in mature oligodendrocytes is mediating NE-induced IP t formation.
In examining the signaling transduction pathway, we found that in oligodendrocyte progenitors NE only in the presence of propranolol, a beta-AR antagonist, increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity.
We further revealed that catecholamines exposure results in cytotoxicity to oligodendrocyte cultures, which is dependent on the dose of dopamine or norepinephrine used, and on the developmental stage of the cultures, with oligodendrocyte progenitors being more vulnerable. Catecholamines caused an increase in oxidative stress as elucidated from reduced intracellular glutathione levels, and increased accumulation in reactive oxygen species and in stress-induced protein, heme oxygenase-1.
In conclusion, our findings showed that developing oligodendrocytes express all three alpha1-AR subtypes but that only the alpha1A -AR was involved in NE-mediated IPt, formation. We also demonstrated that NE activated MAPK and c-fos expression in oligodendrocyte progenitors, suggesting trophic response. Lastly, we demonstrate that catecholamine could induce cytotoxicity in oligodendrocyte cultures, which is developmentally regulated, mediated by oxidative stress and have characteristics of apoptosis in progenitor cells. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
5
AZOUI, RACHIDA. "Catecholamines intra-erythrocytaires : metabolisme et transport." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066511.
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Ce travail a ete realise afin d'evaluer le role joue par les globules rouges dans la clairance metabolique des catecholamines. Nous avons confirme, in vitro, qu'il existait une accumulation de catecholamines au sein des erythrocytes humains. Cette accumulation varie selon la structure de l'amine (dopamine>adrenaline>noradrenaline). La cinetique d'accumulation des catecholamines decroit progressivement quand leurs concentrations plasmatiques augmentent ; elle est fonction de la structure de l'amine. Cette accumulation est reversible, dependante de la temperature et de la p0#2. La cinetique de ce phenomene a ete exploree chez le rat anesthesie au cours de perfusion i. V. De catecholamines. A faibles doses, (30, 300 pmole), l'accumulation des catecholamines par les erythrocytes est alors activee. Au dela de ces concentrations le phenomene devient saturable. Nous avons cherche a identifier un metabolisme intra-erythrocytaire des catecholamines en particulier de la dopamine. La catechol-o-methyl transferase a ete inhibee par l'injection i. P. De 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (cp20), chez le rat conscient. Ce traitement induit une augmentation significative de la da plasmatique et erythrocytaire. Nos resultats montrent que cette incubation, in vitro, conduit a une augmentation de la da glycuroconjuguee dans les erythrocytaires. La structure responsable de cette accumulation a ete identifiee comme etant le transporteur de choline, car la choline inhibe l'influx de la dopamine et stimule son efflux. Nous avons montre que ce mecanisme de transport semblait etre module par l'insuline aussi bien in vivo qu'in vitro
6
Baik, Sonya A. "Catecholamines and basal metabolism in the myocardium." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34085.pdf.
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Siraki, Arno Garakhanian. "Antioxidant and pro-oxidant nature of catecholamines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54170.pdf.
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Tippett, P. A. T. "Metabolism of catecholamines in some clinical diseases." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383298.
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Avkiran, Metin. "Catecholamines and arrhythmias in the anaesthetized rat." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374610.
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Holtbäck, Ulla. "The role of catecholamines in regulation of renal tubular sodium transport /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2854-1.
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Wikström, Lars-Magnus. "Developmental and stress induced changes in peptide and catecholamine content of the paraaortic paraganglia /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4218-8/.
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12
Smith, Nigel. "Plasma protein binding of noradrenaline." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252951.
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Pakanen, L. (Lasse). "Thrombomodulin and catecholamines as post-mortem indicators of hypothermia." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526208251.
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Abstract Hypothermia deaths pose a difficult challenge from the medico-legal point of view because no specific traces are left on the cadaver to be examined post-mortem. The concentrations of urinary catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline increase in various stressful situations including cold stress, and high levels have been considered to be suggestive of lethal hypothermia. There is, however, a need for a better hypothermia indicator. A potential candidate could be thrombomodulin (TM), an endothelially expressed protein whose plasma concentration has been shown to elevate in response to hypothermia. TM and catecholamine levels were studied in short-term cold exposure (human subjects, n = 7), in mild and severe hypothermia with or without rewarming (rats, n = 96) and in hypothermia deaths compared with deaths from cardiovascular diseases, traumas and other causes (autopsy cases, total n = 552). Myocardial thrombomodulin transcript expression was increased in severely hypothermic rats, but was lower in hypothermia deaths than in other causes. The circulating TM level was transiently reduced in severe hypothermia. The myocardial and urinary TM protein levels were reduced in lethal hypothermia compared with other causes of death. TM and catecholamine levels correlated significantly in blood and urine both in living subjects and post-mortem examination. In severely hypothermic rats, there was an inverse relationship between plasma adrenaline concentration and myocardial thrombomodulin transcript level. The results suggest that TM expression and secretion are altered by hypothermia, possibly linked to the actions of catecholamines. Analysing the post-mortem catecholamine and TM levels provides evidence of ante-mortem cold stress in suspected hypothermia deaths. Further studies should be conducted in order to reveal the exact mechanisms behind the regulation of TM on cell levelTiivistelmä Paleltumiskuolemat ovat oikeuslääketieteellisesti haastavia, koska vainajaan ei jää paleltumiseen viittaavia yksiselitteisiä löydöksiä. Virtsan katekoliamiinien, adrenaliinin ja noradrenaliinin, pitoisuudet kasvavat stressitilanteissa kuten kylmäaltistuksessa. Korkeita pitoisuuksia on pidetty paleltumiseen viittaavana tekijänä. Paremmalle paleltumista osoittavalle merkkiaineelle on kuitenkin selkeä tarve. Eräs mahdollinen merkkiaine voisi olla trombomoduliini (TM), joka on endoteelisolujen tuottama proteiini. Sen plasmapitoisuuden on aiemmin osoitettu nousevan alilämpöisyystilassa. TM- ja katekoliamiinitasoja tutkittiin lyhyessä kylmäaltistuksessa (koehenkilöt, n = 7) sekä lievässä ja vaikeassa alilämpöisyystilassa joko lämmityksen jälkeen tai ilman lämmitystä (rotat, n = 96). Lisäksi verrattiin paleltumisen, sydän- ja verisuonitautien, vammojen sekä muiden syiden aiheuttamia kuolemia (ruumiinavausaineisto, n = 552). Sydänlihaksen trombomoduliini-transkriptin taso oli kohonnut vaikeasti alilämpöisillä rotilla, mutta se oli matalampi paleltumiskuolemissa kuin muissa kuolemissa. Veren TM-taso oli hetkellisesti alentunut vaikeassa alilämpöisyystilassa. Sydänlihaksen ja virtsan TM-proteiinipitoisuudet olivat matalampia paleltumiskuolemissa kuin muissa kuolemansyissä. TM- ja katekoliamiinitasot korreloivat merkittävästi veressä ja virtsassa sekä koehenkilöillä ja -eläimillä että vainaja-aineistossa. Vaikeasti alilämpöisillä rotilla todettiin käänteinen suhde plasman adrenaliinipitoisuuden ja sydänlihaksen trombomoduliini-transkriptitason välillä. Tulosten perusteella alilämpöisyystila muuttaa TM:n ekspressiota ja erittymistä, mikä voi liittyä katekoliamiinien vaikutuksiin. Kuolemanjälkeisten TM- ja katekoliamiinitasojen määritys tuo lisänäyttöä kuolemaa edeltäneestä kylmävaikutuksesta epäiltäessä paleltumiskuolemaa. Lisätutkimuksia tarvitaan TM:n solutason säätelymekanismien selvittämiseksi
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Makarem, Fares Hassan. "Stress assessment in humans by urinary expression of catecholamines." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303942.
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Arkinstall, S. J. "A study of the catecholamines and alpha-adrenoceptors present in mammalian myometrium of pregnant and non-pregnant uteri." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379911.
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Sen, Atanu. "Quantification of cell attachment on different materials as candidate electrodes for measurement of quantal exocytosis." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5722.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 14, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
17
Lacombe, A. M. A. "Effects of circulating catecholamines on diving in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30724.
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Plasma catecholamines have been measured in chronically adrenalectomised (ADX) ducks, in chronically adrenal denervated ducks (DNX), in their respective sham-operated controls (SH-adx, SH-dnx) as well as in intact ducks after 3 minutes forced submergence. The results showed that 100% of the plasma Epinephrine (EP) and 40 to 80% of plasma Norepinephrine (NE) released during the dive came from the adrenal glands. 20 to 60% of plasma NE came from endings of the autonomic vascular sympathetic nerves which are strongly stimulated during diving.
Adrenal catecholamines were released by nerve activation only; non neural mechanisms did not play any role in their release.
Maximum dive times (MDT) in chronically adrenalectomised ducks (ADX: 5 min. 19 ± 20 sec.) and in chronically adrenal denervated ducks (DNX: 7 min. 10 ± 13 sec.) were significantly
lower than in sham-operated controls (respectively SH-adx: 9 min. 58 ± 45 sec., SH-dnx: 12 min. 10 ± 28 sec). Venous infusion of catecholamines in ADX and DNX during the dive increased MDT: MDT of DNX ducks perfused with catecholamines (9 min. 46 ± 20 sec.) were significantly higher than in DNX perfused with saline (7 min. 21 ± 17 sec.), but did not reach the MDT observed in the SH-dnx: other adrenal products must be involved. Diving heart rates of ADX and DNX (at 4 min. dive respectively: 62 ± 16 and 31 ± 2 beats/min.) were significantly
higher than in their sham-operated controls (23 ± 3 and 17 ± 2 beats/min.) . Blood pressure during the dive was signifi-
cantly lower in ADX and DNX (at 4 min. dive respectively: 93 ± 8 and 98 ± 4 mmHg) compared with their sham-operated controls (131 ± 12 and 118 ± 6 mmHg). Infusion of catecholamines in DNX raised blood pressure towards SH-dnx values, but there was no change in heart rate. PaO₂, CaO₂, pHa and lactate levels in DNX (respectively: 42 ± 2 mmHg, 4.5 ± 0.8 ml 02 /100ml blood, 7.233 ± 0.016, 3.1 + 0.3 mM) were significantly lower than in SH-dnx after 5 minutes submergence (53 ± 1 mmHg, 6.8 ± 0.4 ml 02 /100 ml blood, 7.301 ± 0.007, 4.8 + 0.4 mM). There was also a significant increase of plasma N⁺ (+ 5.4 ± 1.7 mEq/L) in SH-dnx after 5 minutes submergence, but this was not the case in DNX where it was K⁺ (+ 1.1 ± 0.4 mEq/L) which increased. This suggested that adrenal catecholamines increase tolerance to underwater submersion by enhancing peripheral vasoconstriction,
thus preserving the O₂ stores for the heart and brain. Moreover, they may affect the acid-base equilibrium during diving by increasing the activity of the Na⁺K⁺ pump and may also have a direct effect on the rate of glycogenolysis.
Preventing the actions of catecholamines on the heart by injecting beta-blocker during forced submersion did not decrease
MDT; however the cardiovascular response was markedly affected. During beta-blockade, diving heart rate rose steadily
from 24 ± 6 beats/minute after 2 minutes to 52 ± 8 beats/minute after 6 minutes diving. In contrast, heart rates remained close to the levels reached at 2 minutes (17 ± 3 and 19 ± 4 beats/minute) throughout the control dives.
Perfusion pressure and blood flow have been recorded simultaneously in both hind limbs of ducks. One leg was perfused
with different blood mixtures devoid of catecholamines (Test leg) and compared with the other, perfused with the ducks'own blood (autoperfused leg). This showed that hyper-capnia has a depressant effect on the neural component of the peripheral vasoconstriction. Perfusion of test legs with hypoxic-hypercapnic blood to which catecholamines were added, showed that circulating catecholamines are needed to increase peripheral vasoconstriction during diving.
In summary, during forced submergence circulating catecholamines,
released mainly by the adrenal glands, compensate
for the depressant action of hypercapnia on the neural component of peripheral vasoconstriction. Maintenance of this peripheral vasoconstriction during forced diving ensures that O₂ stores are not wasted on peripheral tissues, and this explains how MDT is prolonged.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
18
Zhang, Jinrui. "The role of catecholamines in calcium homeostasis in fish hepatocytes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7730.
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The role of Ca$\sp{2+}$ in catecholamine actions on hepatocyte metabolism was studied in three fish species: American eel, brown bullhead and rainbow trout. The cellular Ca content, Ca$\sp{2+}$ fluxes across the cell membrane and cytosolic free-Ca$\sp{2+}$ concentration ((Ca$\sp2\rbrack\sb{\rm i}$) changes in Fura-2-loaded single hepatocytes were measured respectively using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, a $\sp{45}$Ca exchange technique and a computer-controlled microspectrofluorimeter technique. The results indicated the following about Ca$\sp{2+}$ and hepatocyte metabolism. First, fish hepatocytes contain higher Ca content than equivalent mammalian cells (8.25 $\pm$ 1.03 (eel) and 10.49 $\pm$ 1.26 (bullhead) $\mu$moles$\cdot$g$\sp{-1}$ wet wt., respectively). Second, Ca$\sp{2+}$ uptake is a passive or energy-independent process whereas Ca$\sp{2+}$ efflux may be an active or energy-dependent process. Third, Ca$\sp{2+}$ uptake was not significantly stimulated by the catecholamines studied. Fourth, Ca$\sp{2+}$ efflux was significantly stimulated by both epinephrine and phenylephrine in eel hepatocytes and these effects were blocked by the $\alpha$-antagonist phentolamine. The $\alpha$-agonist isoproterenol and $\beta$-antagonist propranolol did not affect basal or hormone-stimulated Ca$\sp{2+}$ efflux. Fifth, basal (Ca$\sp{2+}\rbrack\sb{\rm i}$ was similar in eel and trout hepatocytes, but significantly higher in bullhead cells (184 $\pm$ 23 nM). Sixth, (Ca$\sp{2+}\rbrack\sb{\rm i}$ was significantly increased in eel hepatocytes by either epinephrine or phenylephrine at 10$\sp{-7}$M, but not the $\beta$-agonist isoproterenol (4% increase). Epinephrine and phenylephrine were found to induce repeated $\rm Ca\sb{i}\sp{2+}$ transients (i.e., Ca$\sp{2+}$ oscillations) with variable patterns in individual eel hepatocytes. Trout hepatocytes exhibited little sensitivity to epinephrine with less than 20% of the cells tested showing changes in (Ca$\sp{2+}\rbrack\sb{\rm i}$ in response to catecholamines. Seventh, the initial rise in Ca$\sb{\rm i}\sp{2+}$ induced in eel hepatocytes by epinephrine was independent of external Ca$\sp{2+}$, although external Ca$\sp{2+}$ is required for the long-term maintenance of Ca$\sp{2+}$ oscillations. Bullhead cells depend totally on external Ca$\sp{2+}$ for increasing Ca$\sb{\rm i}\sp{2+}$. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
19
Lai, Chien-Tsai. "Oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by catecholamines and L-DOPA." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23899.pdf.
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Brammer, N. T. "The in vitro uptake of catecholamines into rat brain preparations." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370755.
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Peaston, Robert T. "The analysis and clinical investigation of catecholamines and their metabolites." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278209.
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ROUBERT, CHRISTINE. "Etude des relations structure/fonction des transporteurs plasmiques des catecholamines." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066444.
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Les transporteurs des catecholamines jouent un role essentiel dans le systeme nerveux central : ils sont responsables de la recapture de ces neurotransmetteurs liberes a la synapse et controlent ainsi l'amplitude et la duree de l'action de ces molecules sur leurs recepteurs. De fait, les drogues qui agissent sur ces transporteurs sont de puissants psychotropes (cocaine, amphetamines, antidepresseurs tricycliques, etc). Les transporteurs de la dopamine (dat) et de la noradrenaline (net) sont des proteines qui presentent une forte homologie (68% d'identite de sequence en acides amines) et derivent donc sans doute d'un ancetre commun. Tous deux sont capables de transporter a la fois la dopamine et la noradrenaline et sont sensibles a plusieurs inhibiteurs communs. Cependant, ils se distinguent par leurs affinites respectives pour les antidepresseurs tricycliques : contrairement a dat, net possede une forte affinite pour ces composes. Mon travail de these a consiste a analyser les relations structure/fonction de ces deux transporteurs grace a la mutagenese dirigee et au clonage d'un transporteur homologue chez un poisson teleosteen medaka, oryzias latipes, j'ai pu identifier plusieurs acides amines (hnet-f316, hnet-v556, hnet-s399-g400) impliques dans la liaison a haute affinite des antidepresseurs tricycliques sur net. En utilisant l'hybridation in situ, j'ai pu montrer que le transporteur menet est localise dans les noyaux noradrenergiques du systeme nerveux central de medaka et possede un profil pharmacologique proche de net. Malgre la mise en uvre de techniques appropriees, je n'ai pas pu mettre en evidence de transporteur specifique de la dopamine chez medaka. Ceci semble indiquer qu'au cours de l'evolution, une duplication de genes a partir d'un ancetre commun dat/net, avec l'emergence d'un transporteur dat specifique, se soit produite apres l'apparition des vertebres aquatiques.
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PLOUVIER, FABIENNE. "Fonction ventriculaire droite et catecholamines au cours du choc septique." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M260.
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Chester, Michael R. "Beta-adrenoceptor subtypes and catecholamines in the transplanted human heart." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34302.
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The beta-adrenoceptor pathway is the best characterised of human receptors and the transplanted heart offered the opportunity to evaluate the effects of various pathological states on beta-adrenoceptor density in the absence of local presynaptic neuronal influences. The sympathoadrenal system plays an important role in both health and disease anda detailed understanding of the pathophysiological sequelae of cardiac transplantation is necessary if clinical management is to have a rational basis. Controversy surrounds the question of whether the human heart remains sympathetically denervated and whether beta-adrenoceptors upregulate following transplantation. In this thesis the effect of transplantation on the cardiac sympathoadrenergic system in humans was evaluated. The presence of both beta-adrenoceptor subtypes was demonstrated by radioligand binding and autoradiographic methods. The two subtypes appear behave differently, with beta1-adrenoceptors exhibiting significant variability during the first thirteen postoperative months and overall upregulation in the stable orthotopically transplanted heart compared to successfully transplanted donors. In the chronically failing transplanted heart beta1-adrenoceptors exhibit chamber specific right ventricular downregulation even though catecholamine analysis revealed that human hearts remain denervated for up to 30 months. In addition, there was no apparant relationship between receptor density and circulating levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline nor dopamine. An unexpected observation, was that apparantly "normal" donor hearts are nonhomogeneous and may have beta-adrenoceptor downregulation that is associated with the development of graft failure early following implantation. This has important implications for studies that use the unused donor heart as "normal controls" and suggests a potentially important area for future studies into methods of risk stratifying potential donors as well as research into mechanisms of neurogenic myocardial injury.
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Harvey, Sean [Verfasser]. "Nanoscale spatial control and application of poly(catecholamines) / Sean Harvey." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225400945/34.
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gov, Clearys@ninds nih, and Susannah Cleary. "From chromaffin cells to Phaeochromocytoma : insight into the sympathoadrenal cell lineage." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080526.105525.
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Chromaffin cells are a modified post-ganglionic sympathetic neuron, which synthesise and secrete catecholamines. The neoplastic transformation of chromaffin cells is demonstrated by the tumour phaeochromocytoma, a functional tumour that recapitulates the normal role of chromaffin cells by synthesising, storing and releasing excess catecholamines. Within this thesis we have explored several aspects of chromaffin cell and phaeochromocytoma tumour biology, including the specific expression of key sympathoadrenal markers such as the noradrenaline transporter (NAT), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and chromogranin A (CGA) in normal human and mouse chromaffin cells versus phaeochromocytomas of human and mouse origin.
Catecholamine-mediated signalling in chromaffin cells is terminated by the sequestration of extracellular catecholamines back into the cell via the noradrenaline transporter (NAT). Following observations that within the rat adrenal medulla, NAT is expressed in PNMT-positive chromaffin cells we explored whether this pattern of expression is also present in the human adrenal medulla. While we successfully established that NAT and PNMT are co localised, we also found that all human adrenal chromaffin cells are PNMT-positive. In the rat, NAT is also observed within the cytoplasm and has been suggested to be associated with secretory vesicles, thus using the secretory vesicle marker, CGA, we demonstrate that NAT is associated with secretory vesicles. However, in contrast to our findings within the normal chromaffin cells, in situ NAT expression in human phaeochromocytoma tumour samples was distorted, with observed changes including the level and type of staining observed, and disruptions to the strict NAT-CGA association observed in the normal adrenal.
Continuing our theme of NAT, we investigated if pre treating the phaeochromocytoma PC12 cell line with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin had an effect on the expression of NAT, to give an indication of the efficacy of this compound in the treatment of metastatic phaeochromocytoma with radiolabelled 131Iodometabenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG), a noradrenaline analogue which can be incorporated into phaeochromocytoma tumour cells though uptake through NAT. The premise of this study is derived from previous work in which neuroblastoma cells pre-treated with cisplatin were more responsive to (131I-MIBG) accumulation due to increased activity and expression of the transporter. Thus we treated PC12 cells for 24-hours in a range of cisplatin concentrations and measured the effect on NAT expression. However, unlike the findings in neuroblastoma cells, in our study, we did not observe an effect of cisplatin pretreatment on NAT activity or expression in PC12 cells.
Upto 30% of phaeochromocytoma arise as apart of a hereditary syndrome. The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, due to germline mutations to the VHL gene, and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), due to germline mutations to the RET gene represent two examples of hereditable endocrine disorders where phaeochromocytoma is a presenting feature. Notable differences in clinical presentation and tumour biology have been identified in phaeochromocytomas from patients with VHL and MEN 2. These differences prompted us to explore whether these observations extend to the chromaffin granule constituents, NPY and CGA.
Patients with MEN 2 disease have a greater incidence of hypertension than patients with VHL disease, MEN 2 are characterised by an adrenergic phenotype (produce predominantly-adrenaline), whereas VHL phaeochromocytomas are noradrenergic (produce predominantly-noradrenaline). Neuropeptide Y, which has powerful vasoactive properties capable of significantly elevating blood pressure, is stored and released with catecholamines and is thought to be associated with PNMT-positive chromaffin cells. Thus, we questioned whether the differences in the symptomatology between VHL and MEN 2 patients may be related to differences in NPY expression between the two groups, and whether any differences in NPY relate to adrenaline and/or PNMT content, or are linked to hereditary factors. Thus we compared tumour samples from four cohorts of patients: (i) adrenergic versus noradrenergic phenotype, (ii) hereditary versus no hereditary syndrome. Results demonstrated that although tumour NPY levels (mRNA and peptide) correlate with PNMT expression and/or adrenaline content, when NPY expression was compared between groups of patients (adrenergic vs noradrenergic; hereditary versus nonhereditary) difference in NPY levels were only significant between VHL and MEN 2 tumour and not between sporadic adrenergic and noradrenergic Immunohistochemistry also supported the above observations. Hence, we concluded that NPY expression in all groups of phaeochromocytoma examined in this study, this effect is not related to tumour biochemical phenotype but rather appears to be a specific unique trait of VHL phaeochromocytomas.
Continuing our theme of the possible differential expression of chromaffin granule constituents between VHL and MEN 2 patients, we also investigated CGA levels in plasma and tumour samples. Given, VHL tumours possess less chromaffin granules than MEN 2 tumours, and CGA has been implicated as a key director of secretory vesicle biogenesis we investigated whether CGA was differentially expressed between VHL and MEN 2 tumours. We found CGA expression was significantly greater in MEN 2 tumours (mRNA; 3-fold, and protein; 20-fold), with western blot confirming this trend. We also found that plasma CGA was greater in MEN 2 patients but not significantly, consequently, we explored the co-variables tumour size and tumour secretory activity (measured by plasma catecholamine concentrations), which influence plasma CGA and found that tumour size and plasma CGA are related but there was no influence of genotype on this relationship. In contrast, plasma CGA was significantly related to tumour secretory activity and the effect of genotype on this relationship narrowly missed significance, but when we expressed plasma CGA as a ratio of plasma catecholamines, plasma CGA was 2-fold greater in MEN 2 patients than VHL patients. Thus despite the tendency of phaeochromocytomas from VHL disease to readily and continuously release their catecholamine stores, plasma CGA levels still appeared to be higher in MEN 2 patients.
Finally, we examined whether the expression of NPY, Leu- enkephalin (Leu-Enk), NAT and the vesicular monoamine transporters type 1 and 2 (VMAT1 and VMAT2,), in normal mouse adrenal glands, and in histologically-confirmed adrenal phaeochromocytomas generated by injected nude mice with a phaeochromocytoma (MPC) cells line. The results of this study established that similar to the rat and human NAT expression is preferentially localised with PNMT within mouse chromaffin cells, while VMAT1 and NPY are found in both PNMT-negative and PNMT-positive cell populations, although expression of NPY was reduced in PNMT-negative cells. In contrast, both VMAT2 and Leu-Enk were found in PNMT-negative noradrenergic cells, and VMAT2 was present in all noradrenergic chromaffin cells while Leu-Enk was observed in a subpopulation of noradrenergic chromaffin cells. In contrast to the normal adrenal but similar to our findings in human phaeochromocytoma, the pattern of marker expression within adrenal phaeochromocytoma lesions of MPC-injected mice are severely disrupted related to both the level of expression of the respective markers, and association with PNMT within the tissue. Thus, the experimentally generated phaeochromocytoma mouse model provides a valuable tool in studying human phaeochromocytoma.
The data presented in this thesis further validate the heterogeneity observed in many aspects of phaeochromocytoma tumour biology, including the expression several chromaffin cell markers such as NAT, NPY and CGA. The altered expression of these markers may contribute to the clinical picture of these tumours, particularly relating to hereditary phaeochromocytoma from VHL and MEN 2 disease.
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Schuh, Sonya Marie. "Signaling pathways of mammalian sperm capacitation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10547.
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Tang, Ling. "The effect of pharmacological and dietary modulators of lipid metabolism on gene expression in a porcine model." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/TANG_LING_28.pdf.
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Seckin, Ebru Zeliha. "Fluorescence Determination Of Monosaccharides And Catecholamines By Using Dansylaminophenyl Boronic Acid." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605701/index.pdf.
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In sugar industry, determination of invert sugars (fructose and glucose) provides information about the quality, process control and characteristics of the produced fructose and glucose syrups.
Determination of invert sugar is also important for wine industries. In wine process, fructose and glucose are converted to ethanol by fermentation and the type of wine is designated by the amount of invert sugar remained. Fast and reliable invert sugar detection techniques are required to check the quality of wine throughout the fermentation process.
Cathecholamines (eg. dopamine and epinephrine) are diol containing compounds which play important roles in higher animals&rsquophysicomotor activities, learning, sleeping, memory and immune system. They also affect brain functions. Inbalances in dopamine level in brain result in a number of psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. Catecholamines are present in relatively high amounts in drugs. Many efforts have been made to develop analytical procedures for their rapid, simple and accurate determination. For these reasons, catecholamine quantification is important in the field of pharmacy and medicine. Boronic acids interact with 1,2 or 1,3-diol containing compounds, such as fructose, glucose and dopamine, rapidly and reversibly. Hence, boronic acids are used as the recognition moeity in the construction of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) fluorophores specific for saccharides and catecholamines. In this study, a flow injection analysis system has been developed for the rapid and selective recognition of fructose and glucose in wine and in commercial sugar syrups
dopamine and epinephrine in pharmaceutical injections by using dansylaminophenyl boronic acid (DAPB) which is a fluorescent PET molecule.
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Leitch, Stewart Paul. "Interactive effects of potassium, acidosis, catecholamines and calcium on the heart." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240648.
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Murphy, Joseph Francis. "The development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the catecholamines." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292901.
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BELGHAZI, NADIA. "Influence des catecholamines sur l'absorption intestinale des hexoses chez le rat." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF2S855.
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Leino, T. (Tuomo). "Neuroendocrine responses to psychological workload of military flying." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514254716.
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Abstract
The psychological workload a pilot is exposed to during military flying is considered to be high, and good stress tolerance is needed. During military flying a huge amount of environmental information is transformed to neural signals which finally lead to motor and behavioral changes, and also to chemial secretion of neuroendocrine hormones.
This study deals with neuroendocrine measurements performed in four procedures: psychomotor test during military pilot selection, instrument flying (IFR) with piston-engine primary trainer, real and simulated jet trainer flight, and simulated combat fighter flight. Neuroendocrine hormones, hypothalamic CRH, pituitary ACTH, beta-endorphin, prolactin and vasopressin, the adrenal hormones cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline and a cardiac hormone, ANP, were assayed from plasma by using immunoassay and HPLC techniques.
In the psychomotor test (procedure 1) plasma prolactin, ACTH and cortisol responses were associated with a high number of delayed responses, which was used as an indicator of information overload. Anticipatory type ACTH response, i.e. high ACTH level before the test, predicted poor overall result in the psychomotor test. In response to IFR flying (procedure II) the student pilots showed increased plasma prolactin, ACTH, cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline levels. Postflight adrenaline response correlated significantly with poor flight performance as well as a poor psychomotor test result. Low emotional control and high performance motivation measured by an aviation psychologist correlated significantly with neuroendocrine responses after the instrument flight. Flight with jet trainer (procedure III) led to increased plasma prolactin levels, evidently due to psychological workload, but no statistically significant plasma prolactin increase was found in the simulator. This suggests that psychological workload in the flight simulator is lower compared to real jet trainer. A significant ANP response to jet trainer flight was apparently associated with increased heart rate due to psychological workload of the flight mission. Simulated combat fighter flight (procedure IV) resulted in an anticipatory type stress reaction as judged from the elevated preflight plasma ACTH, and a direct type reaction was observed in cortisol. In one pilot the neuroendocrine activation was extreme and global, suggesting low stress tolerance under high information load.
Increased neuroendocrine activation is associated with psychological workload of military flying. Neuroendocrine measurements can be used in a follow-up system of military pilots.
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蕭德成 and Tak-shing Siu. "A sensitive method for measuring plasma catecholamines and its application on the study of the effect of alfentanil and esmolol onintra-operative hypertension." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30162579.
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Beaumont, Timothy Martin. "Regulation of stress hormone receptors in fish cells." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366436.
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Siu, Tak-shing. "A sensitive method for measuring plasma catecholamines and its application on the study of the effect of alfentanil and esmolol on intra-operative hypertension /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19712145.
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Poe, Shaunta D. "Autocrine Effects of Catecholamines on Macrophage Release of Interleukin-6 (IL-6)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1786.
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Kinkead, Richard. "The role of circulating catecholamines in the regulation of breathing in teleosts." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5671.
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This thesis attempts to elucidate the role of epinephrine and/or norepinephrine in the regulation of ventilation in teleosts while also considering the effects of other potential ventilatory modulators. The ventilatory responses to various external respiratory challenges were quantified and compared with those in fish pre-treated with adrenoceptor antagonists. The effects of experimental elevation of circulating catecholamines on gill ventilation volume (Vw) were assessed. During hypoxia, pre-treatment of fish with either $\alpha$- or $\beta$-adrenoceptor antagonists did not affect the ventilatory response of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) or Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), regardless of the degree of hypoxia used and the corresponding effects on circulating catecholamine levels. Furthermore, since increases in Vw were observed under mild hypoxia or hypercapnia it is concluded that elevation of circulating catecholamines is not a prerequisite for hyperventilatory responses to these stimuli. Pre-treatment of trout with a $\beta$-adrenoceptor antagonist (propranolol) prior to exposure to external hypercapnia prevented a sustained hyperventilation despite the absence of significantly elevated catecholamines in the circulation. This revealed that catecholamines of non-humoral origin are involved in the hyperventilatory response to hypercapnia. It is unlikely, at least in trout, that catecholamines play a stimulatory role in the regulation of ventilation. Respiratory acidosis may play a role in the control of ventilation in this species since external hypercapnia prevented the hypoventilatory response normally associated with hyperoxia. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Rafiq, Amir [Verfasser]. "Catecholamines synthesizing enzymes in vascular cells and their hypoxic regulation / Amir Rafiq." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1063955475/34.
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Cameron, Kristin Nicole. "The effects of illness on urinary catecholamines and their metabolites in dogs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76977.
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Background: Urinary catecholamines and metanephrines have been proposed as a diagnostic tool for identifying canine pheochromocytomas, but the effects of critical illness on urine concentrations of catecholamines and metanephrines is currently unknown.
Objectives: To examine the effects of illness on urine concentrations of catecholamines and metanephrines in dogs.
Animals: Twenty-five critically ill dogs and twenty-five healthy age- and gender-matched control dogs.
Methods: Prospective observational study. Urine was collected from healthy and critically ill dogs and urine concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, metanephrine, and normetanephrine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Urinary catecholamine and metanephrine:creatinine ratios were calculated and compared between groups.
Results: Urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, metanephrine, and normetanephrine:creatinine ratios were higher in critically ill dogs when compared to a healthy control population (P = 0.0009, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001 respectively).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Illness has a significant impact on urinary catecholamines and their metabolites in dogs. Further investigation of catecholamine and metanephrine concentrations in dogs with pheochromocytomas is warranted to fully evaluate this test as a diagnostic tool, however the findings of this study suggest that the results may be difficult to interpret in dogs with concurrent illness.Master of Science
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Nomura, Shinobu. "Imaging of cAMP/PKA dynamics induced by catecholamines in the neocortical network." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066440/document.
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La dopamine (DA) et la noradrénaline (NA) jouent un rôle primordial dans de nombreuses fonctions cérébrales. Elles agissent par l’intermédiaire de récepteurs couplés aux protéines G qui régulent la voie de signalisation cAMP/PKA. La NA est libérée dans tout le néocortex par les neurones du locus coeruleus (LC). Les projections DA des neurones de l’aire tegmentale ventrale sont présentes dans des régions restreintes du cortex. Le but de ce projet est de caractériser les effets de la NA et de la DA exogènes mais aussi de la libération des catécholamines endogènes sur la voie AMPc/PKA en utilisant l’imagerie de sondes fluorescentes. J’ai montré que la NA, l’isoprotérénol, la DA ou le SKF 38393 stimulent l’activité PKA dans les cellules pyramidales, notamment dans les régions peu innervées par les fibres DA. Les réponses NA et isoprotérénol sont inhibées par les antagonistes β-adrénergiques et les réponses DA par un antagoniste des récepteurs D1/D5. La contribution inhibitrice des récepteurs D2 dopaminergiques et α2-adrénergiques a été mise en évidence. Les récepteurs NA et DA sont donc fonctionnellement exprimés bien au delà du territoire innervé par les fibres DA. L’expression sélective du canal photosensible channelrhodopsine (ChR2) dans les neurones NA combinée à l’imagerie PKA dans le cortex m’a permis de montré que la libération endogène de NA induite par photostimulation augmente réversiblement l’activité PKA. Ces réponses sont inhibées par les antagonistes β- adrénergiques et leur amplitude augmentée par un bloquant de la recapture de la NA. Cette approche permet donc de caractériser en temps réel la transmission catécholaminergique avec une résolution subcellulaireDopamine (DA) and noradrenalin (NA) are critically involved in multiple brain functions. NA and DA modulate neuronal functions via G protein coupled receptors and cAMP/PKA signaling. NA is released in the entire neocortex by axons of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. DA projections to the neocortex, which originate in the ventral tegmental area, innervate more restricted areas. The aim of this project is to characterize the effect of exogenous and endogenously released NA and DA on cAMP/PKA signaling by using PKA sensitive fluorescent sensors. I showed PKA activation in pyramidal neurons in response to bath application of NA, isoproterenol, DA and SKF38393. Responses were observed throughout the cortex even in areas poorly innervated by DA fibers. Responses to NA and isoproterenol were inhibited by β-receptors antagonists while responses to DA and SKF38393 were blocked by a D1/D5 receptor antagonist. The negative contribution of D2-like and α2-adrenoceptor to PKA signaling was also demonstrated using specific antagonists. These results show a widespread distribution of functional NA and DA receptors in the neocortex that extends far beyond the territory of DA fiber innervations. The selective expression of the light activated Channelrhodopsin2 in NA neurons combined with cortical PKA imaging allowed demonstrating that release of endogenous NA reversibly increases PKA activity. These responses were blocked by β-receptors antagonists while a NA transporter inhibitor increased responses. These results demonstrate that endogenous NA released from LC fibers activates the cAMP/PKA pathway in cortical neurons, providing a means to characterize catecholaminergic transmission events
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DAVID, MONIQUE. "Carcinoide metastase du grele avec hypersecretion de catecholamines : a propos d'un cas." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20030.
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Klipp, Robert Carl. "Catecholamine Interactions with the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1439.
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The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is a Ca2+ ion channel found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), an intracellular membranous Ca2+ storage system. It is well known that a destabilization of RyR2 can lead to a Ca2+ flux out of the SR, which results in an overload of intracellular Ca2+; this can also lead to arrhythmias and heart failure. The catecholamines play a large role in the regulation of RyR2; stimulation of the Beta-adrenergic receptor on the cell membrane can lead to a hyperphosphorylation of RyR2, making it more leaky to Ca2+. We have previously shown that strong electron donors will inhibit RyR2. It is hypothesized that the catecholamines, sharing a similar structure with other proven inhibitors of RyR2, will also inhibit RyR2. Here we confirm this hypothesis and show for the first time that the catecholamines, isoproterenol and epinephrine, act as strong electron donors and inhibit RyR2 activity at the single channel level. This data suggests that the catecholamines can influence RyR2 activity at two levels. This offers promising insight into the potential development of a new class of drugs to treat heart failure and arrhythmia; ones that can both prevent the hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 by blocking the Beta;-adrenergic receptor, but can also directly inhibit the release of Ca2+ from RyR2.
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Cordery, Philip. "The role of central catecholamines in performance during prolonged exercise in warm conditions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13638.
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Performance during prolonged exercise capacity diminishes with increasing temperatures. The onset of fatigue under these conditions is not adequately explained by peripheral mechanisms. Recently, drugs which inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain have been found to improve exercise performance in warm conditions. The aim of this thesis was to further explore and characterise the role of these neurotransmitters during prolonged exercise in warm conditions by manipulating their reuptake or synthesis. The first series of experiments were designed to further investigate the effects of bupropion, a dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, which has been found to improve performance in warm conditions. To explore gender differences in response to acute bupropion administration, the effects of bupropion on prolonged exercise performance in warm conditions in women was investigated in Chapter 3. The results of this study suggest that during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, acute administration of bupropion improves exercise performance. To determine whether there are any dose-dependent effects of bupropion, the experiment in Chapter 4 was designed to test three different doses of bupropion. Exercise performance was only improved for the maximal dose, suggesting a threshold for the performance effects of bupropion. Catecholamine precursors do not appear to improve exercise performance as consistently as reuptake inhibitors. In agreement with previous studies, the dopamine precursor L-DOPA did not affect exercise performance in warm conditions in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 the effect of the atypical antidepressant nutritional supplement S-adenosylmethionine was investigated for its role in the synthesis of dopamine and noradrenaline. S-adenosylmethionine appeared to negatively influence cognitive function, increased skin temperature and circulating prolactin concentrations, but no effects on exercise performance were observed.
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Nelson, Thomas Ernest. "Anatomical and Physiological Studies on The Catecholamines Norepinephrine and Dopamine in the Cerebellum /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487930304689335.
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McGrath, Gareth. "The determination of selected drugs and endogenous molecules by modern electrophoretic, chromatographic and voltammetric techniques." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241755.
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Ross, Phillip Cole. "Studies on the adrenergic and dopaminergic activities of sulfur-containing catecholamine analogs /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143148415.
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Yoon, Jihwan. "Non-thermal effects of pulsed-microwave fields on catecholamine release from chromaffin cells exposure system design and characterization and experimental data /." abstract, 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339154.
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Peyronnet, Julie. "Regulation of cardiorespiratory homeostasis in adult and developing rat by catecholamines : effects of hypoxia /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4549-7/.
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Patel, Jigisha. "Regulation of regional blood flow in humans : the role of catecholamines, insulin and cytokines." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406753.
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