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1
Furushima, Daisuke, Takuma Nishimura, Norikata Takuma, Ryo Iketani, Tomohito Mizuno, Yuji Matsui, Tohru Yamaguchi, et al. "Prevention of Acute Upper Respiratory Infections by Consumption of Catechins in Healthcare Workers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010004.
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Catechins, phytochemicals contained mainly in green tea, exhibit antiviral activity against various acute infectious diseases experimentally. Clinical evidence supporting these effects, however, is not conclusive. We performed a placebo-controlled, single-blind, randomized control trial to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of consumption of catechins-containing beverage for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Two hundred and seventy healthcare workers were randomly allocated to high-catechin (three daily doses of 57 mg catechins and 100 mg xanthan gum), low-catechin (one daily dose of 57 mg catechins and 100 mg xanthan gum), or placebo (0 mg catechins and 100 mg xanthan gum) group. Subjects consumed a beverage with or without catechins for 12 weeks from December 2017 through February 2018. The primary endpoint was incidence of URTIs compared among groups using a time-to-event analysis. A total of 255 subjects were analyzed (placebo group n = 86, low-catechin group n = 85, high catechin group n = 84). The URTI incidence rate was 26.7% in the placebo group, 28.2% in the low-catechin group, and 13.1% in the high-catechin group (log rank test, p = 0.042). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) with reference to the placebo group was 1.09 (0.61–1.92) in the low-catechin group and 0.46 (0.23–0.95) in the high-catechin group. These findings suggest that catechins combined with xanthan gum protect against URTIs.
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Ozato, Naoki, Tohru Yamaguchi, Tatsuya Kusaura, Hidefumi Kitazawa, Masanobu Hibi, Noriko Osaki, and Takahiro Ono. "Effect of Catechins on Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Winter: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Trial." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091856.
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Tea catechins are plant-derived compounds that improve immune functions. Previous randomized control trials have demonstrated the efficacy of primarily epi-type catechins against upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Green tea can be consumed in several ways, including popular bottled beverages. These beverages, however, require sterilization during manufacturing, which results in catechin isomerization. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial involving healthy Japanese participants to evaluate whether catechin consumption via bottled beverages has an alleviating effect on the duration and severity of URTIs in winter. The catechin group (490 mg catechin, 0.14%, containing 59% epi-type catechin, n = 55) showed reduced durations of running nose, nasal congestion, and headache, compared with the placebo group (0 mg catechin, n = 54; p = 0.013, 0.018, and <0.001, respectively). Furthermore, when considering physical symptoms, the duration of nasopharyngeal symptoms improved significantly in the catechin group (p < 0.001) compared with that in the control group. The daily consumption of catechin thus reduced the duration and severity of URTIs in healthy men and women. Humans are regularly exposed to several potential infectious threats, and the oral administration of heat-epimerized tea catechins might help prevent and reduce the severity of URTIs.
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Nandika, Dodi, Khaswar Syamsu, Arinana, Dina Tiara Kusumawardhani, and Yuni Fitriana. "Bioactivities of catechin from gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) against wood-decaying fungi." BioResources 14, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 5646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.5646-5656.
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Gambir is one of the most economically important natural products of Indonesia. Indonesia accounts for 80% of the global exports of this product. The product contains catechin, a phenolic compound of the flavonoid group, which has demonstrated bioactivity against horticulture-destroying fungi. However, its bioactivity in controlling wood-decaying fungi has not yet been reported. A laboratory study was conducted to examine the characteristics of the catechin of gambir and its bioactivity against the wood-decaying fungi Schizophylum commune Fr. Extraction of catechin from gambir was conducted via a gradual maceration process using hot water (70 °C, 3 h) followed by ethyl acetate (1:10 w/v, 4 h). The chemical components of catechin were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS), while its bioactivity against S. commune was examined according to EN 113 (1986). The results showed that there were five chemical components in catechins, i.e., 1,2-benzenediol, catechol, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, dimethyl terephphtalate, and terephthalic acid. These compounds demonstrated the ability to remarkably inhibit the growth of S. commune.
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Osterc, G., M. Štefančič, A. Solar, and F. Štampar. "Potential involvement of flavonoids in the rooting response of chestnut hybrid (Castanea crenata × Castanea sativa) clones." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2007): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05149.
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The involvement of different quercetins [quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin-3-D-galactoside (hyperoside) and rutin] and catechins (catechin, catechol) in the rooting process of leafy cuttings was studied in two hybrid chestnut (Castanea crenata × Castanea sativa) clones, Maraval and Marsol. Both clones differed strongly in rooting results. The Maraval clone cuttings, which had a high rooting rate, contained, on average, higher amounts of all quercetins in different plant parts (leaves and basal cuttings) than the Marsol clone, which had a low rooting rate. There was a highly significant correlation between the quercetin contents of the cutting leaves and the rooting process (number of main roots). The catecechin contents of the cutting leaves did not show any correlation with the rooting process.
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Sasaki, Geoffrey Y., Yael Vodovotz, Zhongtang Yu, and Richard S. Bruno. "Catechin Bioavailability Following Consumption of a Green Tea Extract Confection Is Reduced in Obese Persons without Affecting Gut Microbial-Derived Valerolactones." Antioxidants 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2022): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122490.
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Obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders are driven by inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. Green tea catechins protect against cardiometabolic disorders by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and prebiotic activities. However, whether obesity alters catechin bioavailability remains unknown. We hypothesized that obesity would decrease catechin bioavailability due to altered gut microbiota composition. Obese and healthy persons completed a pharmacokinetics trial in which a confection formulated with green tea extract (GTE; 58% epigallocatechin gallate, 17% epigallocatechin, 8% epicatechin, 6% epicatechin gallate) was ingested before collecting plasma and urine at timed intervals for up to 24 h. Stool samples were collected prior to confection ingestion. Catechins and γ-valerolactones were assessed by LC-MS. Obesity reduced plasma area under the curve (AUC0-12h) by 24–27% and maximum plasma concentrations by 18–36% for all catechins. Plasma AUC0-12h for 5′-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone and 5′-(3′,4′,5′-trihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, as well as total urinary elimination of all catechins and valerolactones, were unaffected. ⍺-Diversity in obese persons was lower, while Slackia was the only catechin-metabolizing bacteria that was altered by obesity. Ascorbic acid and diversity metrics were correlated with catechin/valerolactone bioavailability. These findings indicate that obesity reduces catechin bioavailability without affecting valerolactone generation, urinary catechin elimination, or substantially altered gut microbiota populations, suggesting a gut-level mechanism that limits catechin absorption.
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Ha, Lai Thi Ngoc, Tran Thi Hoai, Hoang Lan Phuong, and Nguyen Van Lam. "Exploitation of Catechin Extract from Pruned Tea Leaves as a Promising Food Preservative Against Lipid Oxidation." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 2040–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2024.7.1.03.
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In Vietnam, a tea-producing country, the tea buds and top three leaves are normally used for tea production while older leaves are pruned and discarded as agricultural waste in the winter. The present study aimed to exploit catechins from pruned tea leaves and use them as natural antioxidants for applications in the food industry. Catechins were analyzed using the guideline of ISO 14502-2-2005 by HPLC-MWD. The contents of catechins in pruned tea leaves of ten popular tea varieties were relatively high, ranging from 65.57 to 136.88 mg/g dry weight. The optimized conditions for catechin extraction from Phuc Van Tien pruned tea leaves (one of the varieties with a high catechin content) were found using response surface methodology as follows: a liquid-to-solid ratio of 21.6/1 at 70oC for 31 minutes. The catechin-rich extract powder was added to sesame oil to inhibit lipid oxidation. During oil accelerated oxidation at 60oC, the catechin-rich extract powder inhibited the increase of the peroxide value compared with the negative and positive controls (no preservative and added tert-butylhydroquinone, respectively). Significant positive correlations between the decrease of catechin content and the inhibition of peroxide formation (r = 0.91, 0.94, 0.95, 0.97, and 0.96 for catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin, respectively, P <0.05) proved that the inhibition of peroxide formation in the sesame oil was essentially due to the antioxidant capacity of the catechins in the pruned tea leaf extract. Catechin extracts from pruned tea leaves are potential sources of natural antioxidants for oil preservation.
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Liu, Chao-Tzu, and Jason T. C. Tzen. "Exploring The Relative Astringency of Tea Catechins and Distinct Astringent Sensation of Catechins and Flavonol Glycosides via an In Vitro Assay Composed of Artificial Oil Bodies." Molecules 27, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 5679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175679.
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Artificial oil bodies covered by a recombinant surface protein, caleosin fused with histatin 3 (a major human salivary peptide), were employed to explore the relative astringency of eight tea catechins. The results showed that gallate-type catechins were more astringent than non-gallate-type catechins, with an astringency order of epicatechin gallate > epigallocatechin gallate > gallocatechin gallate > catechin gallate > epigallocatechin > epicatechin > gallocatechin > catechin. As expected, the extension of brewing time led to an increase in catechin content in the tea infusion, thus elevating tea astringency. Detailed analysis showed that the enhanced proportion of gallate-type catechins was significantly higher than that of non-gallate-type catechins, indicating that tea astringency was elevated exponentially, rather than proportionally, when brewing time was extended. Rough surfaces were observed on artificial oil bodies when they were complexed with epigallocatechin gallate (a catechin), while a smooth surface was observed on those complexed with rutin (a flavonol glycoside) under an atomic force microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that catechins and flavonol glycosides induce the sensation of rough (puckering) and smooth (velvety) astringency in tea, respectively.
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Kukushkina, Татьяна Абдулхаиловна, Vera Andreevna Kostikova, and Elena Petrovna Khramova. "CONTENT OF CATECHINS IN LEAVES AND ROOTS OF COMARUM SALESOVIANUM AND COMARUM PALUSTRE (ROSACEAE)." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (May 22, 2024): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240212561.
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The search for additional sources of catechins among the local flora is relevant today. The method for determining the content of catechins by the spectrophotometric method in the leaves of the subshrub Zalesov's cinquefoil (Comarum salesovianum (Steph.) Asch. et Graebn.) from the Rosaceae Juss. family was validated. The content of catechins in terms of (±)-catechin in the leaves and rhizomes of two species of the genus Comarum ‒ C. salesovianum and C. palustre L. (marsh cinquefoil) was studied. The highest content of catechins was found in the roots of C. palustre (4%) and leaves of C. salesovianum (2.58%). A method for determining the composition and content of individual catechins in the leaves and roots of two representatives of the genus Comarum by high-performance liquid chromatography has been proposed. Three catechins [(±)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin] were found in leaves and roots. (±)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin are predominant in the leaves and roots of C. palustre and C. salesovianum. The content of epigallocatechin gallate does not exceed 0.1 mg/g. The concentration of (±)-catechin is highest in the roots (1.21 mg/g) of C. palustre, and (-)-epicatechin is highest in the leaves (1.35 mg/g) of C. salesovianum.
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Mita, Soraya Ratnawulan, Marline Abdassah, Unang Supratman, Yoshihito Shiono, Driyanti Rahayu, Iyan Sopyan, and Gofarana Wilar. "Nanoparticulate System for the Transdermal Delivery of Catechin as an Antihypercholesterol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15091142.
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Gambir (Uncaria Gambir, Roxb.) contains catechins that is often empirically used to treat various diseases. Catechins can reduce cholesterol levels by inhibiting coenzyme HMG-CoA reductase that plays a role in cholesterol metabolism. Research has been carried out covering the optimization of transethosomal catechins, the formulation of Transethosomal Catechin Gel (TCG) and Non-Transethosomal Catechin Gel (NTCG), which were then tested for catechin permeation from these gel preparations in vitro using Franz’s diffusion cell with PTFE membranes. The anti-hypercholesterol activity test was carried out with Simvastatin orally as a positive control using 25 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The catechin transetosomes have a size of 176.1 ± 5.8 nm, Zeta potential −11.6 ± 5.28, and Entrapment Efficacy of 96.77% ± 0.05. The result of cumulative catechins that permeated from TCG and NTCG were and 172.454 ± 5.287 and 112.741 ± 2.241 μg respectively. Permeation test graphs showed similar permeation and flux profiles. TCG can reduce total cholesterol and LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) values in rats by 39.77% and 51.52% respectively during 14 days of use.
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Furushima, Daisuke, Yu Otake, Natsumi Koike, Shintaro Onishi, Takuya Mori, Noriyasu Ota, and Hiroshi Yamada. "Investigation of the Oral Retention of Tea Catechins in Humans: An Exploratory Interventional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093024.
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Green tea catechin ingestion or gargling exhibit anti-viral activity against upper respiratory infection. We hypothesized that retention in the oral cavity could improve the anti-viral effects of catechins. The present study investigated the oral retention of catechins in humans and the effect of catechin beverage viscosity on oral retention. Two intervention studies with different test beverages, beverage-C (40 mL, containing 73.4 mg of catechins) and beverage-XT (40 mL, beverage-C containing 100 mg xanthan gum) were conducted in 20 healthy volunteers (mean age 38.7 years). Catechin concentrations were measured in buccal mucosa samples collected at 10 min, 40 min, and 60 min after ingesting test beverages, and the catechin variability of the tissue after intake was compared between test beverages. As a result, the mean (SEM) concentrations of EGCG were 99.9 (27.2), 58.2 (16.6), and 22.3 (5.7) ng/mg-mucosa at 10, 40, and 60 min, respectively, after ingestion of beverage-XT. Similarly, the catechin concentrations were 86.1 (20.3), 32.2 (5.3), and 27.8 (5.9) ng/mg-mucosa after ingestion of beverage-C. The total retention volume over 60 min tended to be slightly higher after ingestion of beverage-XT, though the difference was not statistically significant. Additional studies are needed to confirm the effect of xanthan gum on improving oral retention of catechins.
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Nafisah, Umi, Aptika Oktaviana Trisna Dewi, and Anes Aisna Hana Lulu. "Determination of Catechin Content in Green and Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) by UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2166.
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Tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages around the world. The chemical compounds contained in tea have a good effect on health because they contain polyphenolic compounds, catechins. This study examined the catechin compound content of black tea and green tea from Karanganyar (A) and Malang (B). This research aims to determine the differences in catechin levels in black and green tea types in Malang, East Java, and Karanganyar, Central Java plantations. The research method used was experimental. Identification of catechin content was done using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Tea is extracted by brewing, 4 grams of green tea is brewed using distilled water for 6 minutes, while 5.6 grams of black tea is brewed using distilled water for 10 minutes with the comparison used is pure catechin solution. The results obtained for green tea Karanganyar (A) had a catechin content of 3.61±0.083%, green tea Malang (B) had a level of 2.97±0.037%, black tea Karanganyar (A) had a level of 3.14±0.065%, and black tea Malang (B) had a level of 1.60±0.009%. It is concluded that the catechin content of green tea is higher than black tea, and of the two samples, the high catechin content comes from Karanganyar (A). Keywords: catechins, green tea, black tea, malang, karanganyar
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Hye, M. A., M. A. Taher, M. Y. Ali, M. U. Ali, and Shahed Zaman. "Isolation of (+)-Catechin from Acacia Catechu (Cutch Tree) by a Convenient Method." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (April 23, 2009): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1635.
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Biologically important polyphenol (+)-catechin was isolated from catechu, the extract of the red heartwood of Acacia Catechu tree (Khoiyer tree). The isolation procedure was developed to get better yield (25%) and to reduce the isolation cost and time. The structure of the isolated (+)-catechin was confirmed with several spectral analyses and chemical studies. Keywords: Acacia Catechu; (+)-catechin; Polyphenol. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1635
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Sasaki, Geoffrey, Yael Vodovotz, Zhongtang Yu, and Richard Bruno. "Catechin Bioavailability Is Reduced in Obese Persons Without Altering Gut Microbial-Derived Valerolactones Following Consumption of a Green Tea Extract Confection." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_101.
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Abstract Objectives Green tea extract (GTE) protects against obesity in rodents by reducing gut permeability that otherwise provokes endotoxemia-mediated inflammation. However, whether obesity affects catechin bioavailability and microbial metabolism is unknown. We hypothesized that obesity will reduce catechin bioavailability by increasing microbial biotransformation of catechins. Methods Obese persons (n = 10 M/7F; 33.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and age-matched healthy persons (n = 10 M/9F; 21.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2) completed a pharmacokinetics (PK) trial in which a GTE confection [290 mg epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 87 mg epigallocatechin (EGC), 39 mg epicatechin (EC), 28 mg epicatechin gallate (ECG)] was ingested prior to collecting plasma at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12 h and urine from 0–4, 4–8, 8–12, and 12–24 h. Stool samples were collected and gut permeability was assessed prior to the 12-h PK trial. Plasma and urinary catechin/catechin-derived microbial metabolites were assessed following enzymatic hydrolysis by LC-MS. Results Regardless of health status, relative bioavailability, based on plasma area under the curve (AUC0–12 h), of GTE catechins were: EGCG > EGC > ECG > EC. However, obese persons had 24–27% lower plasma AUC0–12 h for the four catechins compared to lean persons (P < 0.05). They also had 18–36% lower maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of GTE catechins but 12 h plasma catechin concentrations were unaffected by obesity status (P > 0.05). 3ʹ,4ʹ-γ-valerolactone (3,4-VL) was detected in the plasma of all participants, while 3ʹ,4ʹ,5ʹ-γ-valerolactone (3,4,5-VL) was detected in 74% and 82% of lean and obese persons, respectively. Plasma AUC0–12 h for these VL metabolites did not differ by obesity status. EGC, EC, 3,4-VL, and 3,4,5-VL, but not EGCG and ECG, were primarily present in urine and urinary total VLs were increased compared with total urinary catechins. However, 24-h urinary excretion of catechins and VLs were unaffected by obesity. Conclusions Obesity reduces GTE catechin bioavailability and Cmax independent of any change in VL metabolite appearance or urinary elimination of catechins, suggesting a gut-level mechanism that limits catechin absorption. Funding Sources Supported by USDA-NIFA and the Foods for Health Discovery Theme at The Ohio State University.
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Syukri, Daimon. "Optimization of Cathechin Extraction for Development of Liquid Hand Soap Made From Gambier." Andalasian International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences (AIJANS) 4, no. 01 (March 31, 2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijans.v4.i01.31-36.2023.
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This study has aimed to determine the potential use of catechins derived from gambier as an anti-microbial raw material in the manufacture of hand washing liquid soap. The study started from the purification process of catechins from gambier and continued with the addition of gambier to the soap formula looking for hand washing. In this study, there were some difficulties in obtaining catechin extracts that could dissolve in water due to the character of catechins that did not dissolve completely in water. Therefore, the optimization of the catechin extraction process is optimized first. The catechin extraction process was carried out in two ways, namely by using a homogenizer at a speed of 15000 rpm for 30 minutes and a reflux process with hot water (temperature 70 degrees Celsius) for one hour. It was found that the concentration of catechin dissolved in water both in the homogenizer and reflux results was relatively the same, therefore for the manufacture of hand washing liquid soap, the process with the reflux technique would be recommended because of the cheaper operational costs.
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Kumar, G. Sravan, Ilahi Shaik, Hepzibah Rani Singh, D. Sunil Kumar, K. V. Siva Reddy, Sridhar Dumpala, and G. Teja. "Catechin as Natural Product Antifouling Agent against Biofilm Forming Bacteria from Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 23 (November 15, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i233755.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of Catechin as natural product antifoulants (NPAs) by inhibiting bacterial growth. 10 different medicinal plants namely Pongamia pinnata, Mucuna pruriens, Garcinia cambogia, Acacia catechu, Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Coffea arabica, Griffonia simplicifolia, Bacopa monnieri and Piper nigrum extracts were evaluated for potential natural product antifouling agent. Of which Acacia catechu and Curcuma longa showed best results, a significant zone of inhibition of bacteria was achieved by aqueous catechin. The secondary metabolite catechin is obtained by performing TLC, further purified by HPLC. Acacia catechu has antibacterial activity even up to 50mg L-1. The proposed partial structure of Catechin a secondary metabolite (flavanoid) is obtained by the results of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Mass Spectra and IR Spectra.
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Wang, Yiru, Yujing Suo, Huawei Li, Weijuan Han, Peng Sun, Fangdong Li, and Jianmin Fu. "Diversity of Catechin Content in the Leaves of Persimmon Germplasms." Horticulturae 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040464.
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Catechins are essential phenolic compounds in persimmon. However, the catechin content in the leaves of persimmon germplasms has not been systematically and comprehensively evaluated. To systematically assess catechin variation in different growth stages and astringency types of persimmon leaves, the young and adult leaves catechin content of 249 persimmon germplasms from Korea, Japan, and 16 provinces in China was quantified using an HPLC method. The results showed that the content of (−)-epicatechin (EC) and (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG) had higher coefficient of variation (CV) values in persimmon young leaves (106.74%) and adult leaves (91.49%), respectively. The genetic diversity H’ of (+)-catechin (CA) and (+)-gallocatechin (GC) content was higher in young leaves (2.00 and 2.03), and the H’ value of (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and CA content was higher in adult leaves (1.98 and 1.92). The non-galloylated catechins, EGC, EC, and CA, were significantly positively correlated with each other in both young and adult leaves. Catechins of persimmon leaves showed different accumulation patterns in different growth stages and astringency types; (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and CA had the highest average content in the persimmon germplasms of Guangxi and Shanxi provinces of China, respectively. The content of (+)-catechin gallate (CG) was found to be significantly higher in Japanese pollination-constant non-astringent (J-PCNA) persimmon leaves, and EC, GCG had the highest levels in Chinese PCNA (C-PCNA) type. The 249 germplasms were classified into five clusters (Cluster I-V) by SOM clustering based on the content of nine catechins, with EC, CA, and GC having the highest content in Cluster V of the adult leaves. In addition, four excellent germplasms of Cluster III had the highest EGC and GC content in young leaves. Thus, the critical period for catechin utilization of persimmon leaves can be further determined, and provide theoretical references for excellent germplasm screening.
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Mohd Zin, Zamzahaila, Nursyafiqah Mohamad, Chong Kah Hui, Nurul Izwanie Majid, and Mohd Khairi Zainol. "Effect of Acidified Ethanol on Antioxidant Properties of Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract and Its Catechin Derivatives." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.1.17.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ethanol acidification on the antioxidant properties of Morinda citrifolia leaf (MCL) extract and its catechin derivatives. Four different ethanol (100%, 99.5%, 70%, 50%) with or without 0.5% acetic acid were used for extraction. The antioxidant profile was studied with DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP and TPC. The quantification of catechins in MCL was performed using HPLC, and the identification of catechins derivatives was performed with Ultra UPLC-TWIMS-QTOF. The results showed that an extraction solvent composed of 70% ethanol: 29.5% water: 0.5 % acetic acid exhibited the highest DPPH percentage of inhibition (86.12±2.96%) and highest TPC value with 97.80±0.25 mg GAE/g extract, while 100% ethanol acidified with 0.5% acetic acid showed highest FRAP antioxidant power with 1.31±0.05mg FSE/g extract. All eight types of catechins were identified in MCL and the most total catechins were quantified in 70% ethanol: 29.5% water: 0.5 % acetic acid at 153.57mg/g. The catechin derivatives identified included epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (4β, 8)-gallocatechin, gallocatechin (4α→8)-epicatechin, catechin-3-O-gallate (CG) and epigallocatechin (EGC). The results suggest that acidification improves the extraction of polyphenols as well as catechin content.
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Naparlo, Katarzyna, Grzegorz Bartosz, Ireneusz Stefaniuk, Bogumil Cieniek, Miroslaw Soszynski, and Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz. "Interaction of Catechins with Human Erythrocytes." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061456.
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The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of chosen catechins ((+)-catechin, (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) with human erythrocytes and their protective effects against oxidative damage of erythrocytes. Uptake of the catechins by erythrocytes was studied by fluorimetry, their interaction with erythrocyte membrane was probed by changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and in membrane fluidity evaluated with spin labels, while protection against oxidative damage was assessed by protection against hemolysis induced by permanganate and protection of erythrocyte membranes against lipid peroxidation and protein thiol group oxidation. Catechin uptake was similar for all the compounds studied. Accumulation of catechins in the erythrocyte membrane was demonstrated by the catechin-induced increase in osmotic resistance and rigidification of the erythrocyte membrane detected by spin labels 5-doxyl stearic acid and 16-doxyl stearic acid. (−)-Epigallocatechin and EGCG inhibited erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (mixed-type inhibition). Catechins protected erythrocytes against permanganate-induced hemolysis, oxidation of erythrocyte protein thiol groups, as well as membrane lipid peroxidation. These results contribute to the knowledge of the beneficial effects of catechins present in plant-derived food and beverages.
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Sun, Haiyan, Meichen Yin, Danqing Hao, and Yixiao Shen. "Anti-Cancer Activity of Catechin against A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells by Induction of Cyclin Kinase Inhibitor p21 and Suppression of Cyclin E1 and P–AKT." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062065.
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Catechin is one of the major polyphenols in teas, beans, and berry fruits. A number of studies have confirmed that catechins extract possesses health benefits in the prevention of various chronic diseases. In this study, the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of catechin against non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were investigated. The inhibitory rate of catechin on the proliferation of A549 cells reached 19.76% at a concentration of 600 μmol·L−1 with 24 h incubation. The results demonstrated that catechin inhibits A549 cells by increasing the expressions of p21 and p27 in the cancer cells. Furthermore, the catechin treatment inhibited the expressions of cyclin E1 and phosphorylation of protein kinase (P–AKT) in a dose-dependent manner, which also contributed to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that catechin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells through regulating its cell cycle arrest or indirectly via the p21 signaling pathway. It would provide important information for developing catechin and catechin-rich functional food or co-therapy for antitumor purposes.
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Ai, Zeyi, Shuyuan Liu, Fengfeng Qu, Haojie Zhang, Yuqiong Chen, and Dejiang Ni. "Effect of Stereochemical Configuration on the Transport and Metabolism of Catechins from Green Tea across Caco-2 Monolayers." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061185.
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The transcellular transport and metabolism of eight green tea catechins (GTCs) were studied in Caco-2 monolayers, with the aim of investigating the effect of cis–trans isomerism on the membrane permeability and biotransformation of GTCs. The results showed that the catechin stereochemistry significantly affects the efflux transport rather than the absorption transport in the Caco-2 monolayers. The trans catechins showed a better transcellular permeability than their corresponding cis (epi) catechins in the efflux transport, as the efflux amount of trans catechins were all significantly higher than that of the cis (epi) catechins at each concentration and each time point tested. Moreover, the relative contents of the (+)-catechin (C)-O-sulfate, (+)-gallocatechin (GC)-O-sulfate, (−)-catechin gallate (CG)-O-sulfate, and (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG)-O-sulfate in the efflux transport were 2.67, 16.08, 50.48, and 31.54 times higher than that of the (−)-epicatechin (EC)-O-sulfate, (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC)-O-sulfate, (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG)-O-sulfate, and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-O-sulfate, respectively. It indicated that more metabolites were observed after the transcellular efflux of trans catechins. Furthermore, after two hours of incubation, the GTCs could significantly increase the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer-resistance protein (BCRP), and decrease the expression of P-glycoprotein in the Caco-2 cells. The regulation of GTCs on P-glycoprotein, MRP2, and BCRP could also be significantly influenced by the chemical and dimensional structure. In a conclusion, catechin stereochemistry significantly affects the transport and metabolism of GTCs when refluxed in the Caco-2 monolayers.
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Mabe, Katsuhiro, Masami Yamada, Itaro Oguni, and Tsuneo Takahashi. "In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Tea Catechins against Helicobacter pylori." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 1788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.7.1788.
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ABSTRACT The catechin epigallocatechin gallate showed the strongest activity of the six tea catechins tested against Helicobacter pylori(MIC for 50% of the strains tested, 8 μg/ml). It had bactericidal activity at pH 7 but not at pH ≤5.0. In infected Mongolian gerbils,H. pylori was eradicated in 10 to 36% of the catechin-treated animals, with significant decreases in mucosal hemorrhage and erosion. Tea catechins, therefore, may have therapeutic effects on H. pylori infection.
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Kharisma, Viol Dhea, Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Aondohemba Samuel Nege, Sin War Naw, and Alexander Patera Nugraha. "Tea catechin as antiviral agent via apoptosis agonist and triple inhibitor mechanism against HIV-1 infection: A bioinformatics approach." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres21.1009_9.4.435.
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Context: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiretrovirals that target the binding of viral enzyme are chosen as the lead solution in the treatment of HIV-1 infection, such as non-catalytic site integrase inhibitor (NCINI), nevirapine, and darunavir. There are natural compounds from specific plants that can be effective in treating HIV-1 infection such as tea catechin. Tea catechin administration causes a decrease in viral load and inhibition of entry mechanisms and an increased effect of apoptosis in infected cells. Aims: To identify the triple inhibitor mechanism in tea catechins against the three HIV-1 enzymes and apoptosis agonists through in silico approach as an innovation in handling HIV-1 infection. Methods: The 3D structure of tea catechin compounds from the database was examined, and then all target compounds were analyzed for drug-likeness, molecular docking, pathway prediction, and molecular interactions to determine the potential of tea catechin compounds as antiviral HIV-1 in silico. Results: Tea catechin compounds have the potential to serve as antiviral against HIV-1 through apoptosis agonist and triple inhibitor mechanisms. Apoptosis occurs due to the interaction of tea catechins with pro-apoptotic proteins in cells, and the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) compound is a class of tea catechins with the same binding position as control. Conclusions: The binding of the EGCG molecule complex results in low binding energy. Therefore, it allows EGCG acts as a triple inhibitor in HIV-1 infection.
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Zheng, Kaiwen, Kai Guo, Jing Xu, Wei Liu, Junlang Chen, Can Xu, and Liang Chen. "Study on the interaction between catechin and cholesterol by the density functional theory." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0038.
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AbstractCatechin – a natural polyphenol substance – has excellent antioxidant properties for the treatment of diseases, especially for cholesterol lowering. Catechin can reduce cholesterol content in micelles by forming insoluble precipitation with cholesterol, thereby reducing the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine. In this study, to better understand the molecular mechanism of catechin and cholesterol, we studied the interaction between typical catechins and cholesterol by the density functional theory. Results show that the adsorption energies between the four catechins and cholesterol are obviously stronger than that of cholesterol themselves, indicating that catechin has an advantage in reducing cholesterol micelle formation. Moreover, it is found that the molecular interactions of the complexes are mainly due to charge transfer of the aromatic rings of the catechins as well as the hydrogen bond interactions. Unlike the intuitive understanding of a complex formed by hydrogen bond interaction, which is positively correlated with the number of hydrogen bonds, the most stable complexes (epicatechin–cholesterol or epigallocatechin–cholesterol) have only one but stronger hydrogen bond, due to charge transfer of the aromatic rings of catechins.
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Patel, Snehal, and Vinit Patel. "Inhibitory effects of catechin isolated from Acacia catechu on ovalbumin induced allergic asthma model." Nutrition & Food Science 49, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-01-2018-0016.
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Purpose Polyphenols possess anti-allergic activities. Catechin is one of the polyphenols that are abundantly present in the Acacia catechu. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of catechin isolated from A. catechu in an experimental mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. Design/methodology/approach Catechin was isolated from A. catechu, and phytochemical analysis was carried out by ultraviolet visible and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high pressure thin-layer chromatography was used for the determination of an amount of catechin present. In a first set of an experiment, the authors have carried out dose-dependent evaluation of catechin on histamine synthesis in normal rats. In another study, allergic asthma was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg OVA dissolved in 4 mg aluminum hydroxide dissolved in 0.2 ml saline on Days 0 and 14. Catechin was given orally at the dose of 100 mg/kg, once a day from Day 1 to Day 35 and after which various respiratory parameters such as tidal volume, respiratory rate and airflow rate, biochemical parameters such as histamine release from mast cells, bronchoalveolar (BAL) lavage fluid analysis and histopathology of lungs were carried out. Findings Catechin showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in respiratory parameters such as tidal volume, respiratory rate and airflow rate, as well as biochemical and hematological parameters such as blood histamine, serum bicarbonate and nitric oxide levels as compared to the disease control group. The treatment also showed inhibitory effects on histamine synthesis in rat peritoneal as well as BAL mast cells. Also, a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in lung histopathology was observed with catechin. Originality/value From the present study, the authors can conclude that catechin exhibited potent anti-allergic activity by inhibition of histamine synthesis by inhibition of histidine decarboxylase enzyme. The study suggests that catechin has therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic inflammatory disease in humans.
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Mhya, Daniel Hassan, Abdulrashid Mohammed, and Theophilus Tagun Dawus. "Investigation of NADPH-Oxidase’s Binding Subunit(s) for Catechin Compounds Induce Inhibition." European Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research 4, no. 3 (May 8, 2023): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejchem.2023.4.3.140.
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Catechins are natural polyphenolic compounds with ability to minimize excess free radicals through different mechanisms including inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity. NOX is a complex enzyme made-up of several subunits, where molecules including catechins binds to exert their effect. Hence, the attempt to probe the NOX enzyme’s binding subunit of catechins-induce effect. Several in-silico techniques were deployed in probing the NOX enzyme’s binding subunit of the catechins. The catechins were downloaded from PubChem database in SDF files. The five NOX subunits with PDB ID: 3A1F, 1OV3, 1HH4, 1OEY, and 7CFZ were downloaded from the protein databank. Drug-likeness properties and biological activities were predicted using ADMETMESH software. Catechin-NOX subunits’ interactions was performed via molecular docking, and the docked conformations were analyzed using Protein-plus software. The results of the study predicted the catechin compounds; epicatechin (E), epicatechin gallate (EG) and epigallocatehin gallate (EGG) are drug-like in nature and possess enzymes inhibitory properties. Docking result predicted catechins are capable of interacting with the various NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunits but in a varied degree. Their (catechins) strongest affinities was predicted on p40phox and p67phox PB1 subunit (PBD: 1OEY) with binding energies in the ranges of -8.3 to -9.9kcal/mol in this order; Apocynin>EGG>EG>E. While a weak affinity was predicted between the catechin compounds and gp91 (phox) subunit (PDB: 3A1F) with binding energies (-4.9 to -6.5 kcal/mol) in this sequence; E<apocynin<EGG<EG. In conclusion, the study predicted catechin compounds possess drug-likeness properties and has affinities for interaction with NADPH-oxidase subunits particularly the p40phox and p67phox PB1 probably to exert their antioxidant effects. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo study is recommended to verify this claim.
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Gomes, Jessica Santos, Érica Abadia da Costa, Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Munoz, Alberto de Oliveira, and Raquel Maria Ferreira Sousa. "Selective Electrochemical Detection of Catechin Compounds in Herbal Medicines." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 017516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4bbf.
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Most electrochemical sensors reported for catechin determination in herbal medicines actually involve the detection of not only catechins but also other flavonoids. This work proposes a strategy to selectively detect and quantify flavan-3-ol, known as catechins, in the presence of other flavonoids by complexation with AlCl3. Flavonoids (e.g., rutin, quercetin) form stable complex with AlCl3 which affect the electrooxidation of these molecules. Hence, the electrochemical oxidation of catechin is free from the interference of other flavonoids as shown by differential-pulse voltammetry using glassy-carbon electrode. The approach was applied to herbal medicines and mass-spectrometry confirmed the presence of catechins in such samples.
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Chairunisa, Ully, Hafiva Ulyanti, and Muthia Fadhila. "IN SILICO TEST AND CHARACTERIZATION TEST OF THE NANOEMULSION FORMULA OF CATECHIN COMPOUNDS AS ANTI ACNE." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 30, 2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i05.003.
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Catechin is a polyphenolic compound produced by green tea and gambier plants with catechin activity as an antibacterial. The method that can be used to predict the activity of catechin compounds as anti-acne is by using the in silico method and catechins are unstable because they are difficult to dissolve in water, making transdermal delivery inefficient. As a drug delivery system, nanoemulsions can increase the effectiveness of drug therapy by reducing the particle size to the nanometer range. The aim of this research is to find out how to test in silico protein (1VJY) with catechin compounds as an anti-acne agent and to find out how the evaluation and characterization of the nanoemulsion preparation formula from catechin compounds meets the specified requirements. The results of in silico testing can predict catechin compounds as antibacterials that inhibit protein mechanisms (1VJY) as shown by 2D visualization and docking values and evaluation test results of catechin nanoemulsion preparations such as organoleptic, pH, transmittance, freeze and thaw, viscosity, specific gravity, irritation test has fulfilled the specified requirements. The results of the characterization test for the catechin nanoemulsion preparation showed a particle size of 10.6 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.452, and a zeta potential of -34.5 m, which is in accordance with the requirements.
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Ndacyayisenga, Joseph, Esther Maina, Lilian Ngeny, Fred Wamunyokoli, and Festus Tolo. "Purple tea catechins exhibit high antiproliferative activity and synergism with cisplatin against the triple-negative breast cancer cell line 4T1." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs230816039n.
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The objectives of this study were the selection of the best tea clones with high catechin content among the known tea clones in Rwanda and Kenya, the examination of their antiproliferative effects on the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line (4T1), and an evaluation of their combination index with cisplatin. The quantification of catechin contents in 14 different tea clones and 5 different processed teas was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A comparative study of antiproliferative activities of catechin extracts from purple, TRFK306, and BB35 tea clones on the TNBC cell line (4T1) was undertaken, and their combination index (CI) with cisplatin and the dose reduction index (DRI) were determined. The catechin extract from BB35 had the highest concentration of total catechins (817.81?24.2 mg/g DW). After 72 h, the catechin extracts from TRFK306 showed a high IC50 of 68.68?3.30 ?g/mL. The catechin extracts from TRFK306 showed the best synergism with cisplatin (CI=0.59), and they reduced the doses of cisplatin with the highest DRI=3.74493. Catechin extracts from purple tea showed higher antiproliferative activity and synergism with cisplatin against the TNBC cell line.
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Krishnamoorthy, Rajapandiyan, Abdulraheem R. Adisa, Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy, Jegan Athinarayanan, Subash-Babu Pandurangan, and Ali A. Alshatwi. "Colonic Bacteria-Transformed Catechin Metabolite Response to Cytokine Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells." Biomolecules 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120830.
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Human gut microbes are a profitable tool for the modification of food compounds into biologically active metabolites. The biological properties of catechins have been extensively investigated. However, the bioavailability of catechin in human blood plasma is very low. This study aimed to determine the biotransformed catechin metabolites and their bioactive potentials for modulating the immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Biotransformation of catechin was carried out using in-vitro gut microbial biotransformation method, the transformed metabolites were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Present observations confirmed that the catechin was biotransformed into 11 metabolites upon microbial dehydroxylation and C ring cleavage. Further, immunomodulatory potential of catechin metabolites was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-16, IL-12B) cytokine may be due to Th2 immune response. In conclusion, biotransformed catechin metabolites enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines which is beneficial for overcoming inflammatory disorders.
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Yu, Kwang-Won. "Catechin-Polymer Production Using (+)-Catechin Substrate by Laccase." Journal of Biotechnology and Bioindustry 10 (December 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37503/jbb.2022.10.44.
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Isemura, Mamoru. "Catechin in Human Health and Disease." Molecules 24, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030528.
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Yang, Meei-Ju, Shwu-Yuan Lee, Chieh-I. Liu, Shih-Hsuan Chen, Iou-Zen Chen, Tsung-Chen Su, Jeu-Ming P. Yuann, Chien-Wei Cheng, Shiuh-Tsuen Huang, and Ji-Yuan Liang. "Catechin Photolysis Suppression by Aluminum Chloride under Alkaline Conditions and Assessment with Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 5985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245985.
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Tea is rich in catechins and aluminum. In this study, the process of catechin photolysis was applied as a model for examining the effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the structural changes of catechin and the alteration of aluminum complexes under blue light irradiation (BLI) at pH 8 using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Additionally, the effects of anions on catechin upon the addition of AlCl3 and treatment with BLI were also studied. In this study, when 1 mM catechin was treated with BLI, a superoxide anion radical (O2•−) was generated in an air-saturated aqueous solution, in addition to forming a dimeric catechin (proanthocyanidin) via a photon-induced redox reaction. The relative percentage of catechin was found to be 59.0 and 95.7 for catechin treated with BLI and catechin upon the addition of 1 mM AlCl3 treated with BLI, respectively. It suggested that catechin treated with BLI could be suppressed by AlCl3, while AlCl3 did not form a complex with catechin in the photolytic system. However, under the same conditions, it was also found that the addition of AlCl3 inhibited the photolytic formation of O2•−, and reduced the generation of proanthocyanidin, suggesting that the disconnection of proanthocyanidin was achieved by AlCl3 acting as a catalyst under treatment with BLI. The influence of 1 mM fluoride (F−) and 1 mM oxalate (C2O42−) ions on the photolysis of 1 mM catechin upon the addition of 1 mM AlCl3 and treatment with BLI was found to be insignificant, implying that, during the photolysis of catechin, the Al species were either neutral or negatively charged and the aluminum species did not form a complex with anions in the photolytic system. Therefore, aluminum, which is an amphoteric species, has an inherent potential to stabilize the photolysis of catechin in an alkaline conditions, while suppressing the O2•− and proanthocyanidin generation via aluminum ion catalysis in the catechin/Al system under treatment with BLI.
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Jiang, Yongcheng, Zhenming Zhang, and Jiachun Zhang. "Quality Characteristics of Karst Plateau Tea (Niaowang) in Southwest China and Their Relationship with Trace Elements." Toxics 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11060502.
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This study investigated the relationship between the characteristics of quality components and trace elements of Niaowang tea from Guizhou Province in mountainous plateau areas. The contents of catechin monomers and eight other trace elements were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The results showed that the tender summer leaves of Niaowang tea in Guizhou Province had the highest content of catechins at 3558.15~2226.52 μg·g−1. The content of ester catechins was the highest in summer, amounting to 69.75~72.42% of the total catechins. The content of non-ester catechins was the highest in autumn, reaching 52.54~62.28% of the total catechins; among ester catechins, the mass fraction of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) showed a pattern of mature summer leaves > tender summer leaves > mature autumn leaves > tender autumn leaves, and the mass fractions of gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) were larger in autumn than in summer; gallocatechin (GC) had no significant correlation with different trace elements, and Mn had no significant correlations with different catechin monomers. EGCG was significantly negatively correlated with As, Se, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Zn. Additionally, gallic acid (GA) was significantly negatively correlated with As, Hg and Ni. Other catechin monomers were largely significantly positively correlated with trace elements. The biochemical indicators of the phenotype of Niaowang tea show that the summer and autumn buds are suited for making high-quality green tea.
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Coșarcă, Sanda, Corneliu Tanase, and Daniela Lucia Muntean. "Therapeutic Aspects of Catechin and Its Derivatives – An Update." Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abmj-2019-0003.
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Abstract Catechin and its derivatives are polyphenolic benzopyran compounds. The condensation of catechin units leads to the formation of condensed tannins. It is found in appreciable amount in green tea leaves, cocoa, red wines, beer, chocolate, etc. It possesses important antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumor properties. The present review outlines recent updates and perspectives of the effects of catechins and the pharmacodynamic mechanisms involved.
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Syamsu Nur, Andi Nur Aisyah, Alfat Fadri, Sharfianty, Amriani Sapra, and Fitriyanti Jumaetri Sami. "Comparative study of catechin levels from green tea, oolong tea and black tea product with various treatments." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.1.0416.
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Background: Tea is a refreshing drink that contains polyphenol compounds, namely catechins that are used for medicine and cosmetics. This study was to assess the content of catechin compounds in green tea, oolong and black tea products from Indonesia, China and Taiwan. Methods: Some tea products are brewed at varying temperatures (75±2; 85±2 and 95±20 C) and times (5; 10 and 15 minutes). Identification of catechin compounds was carried out using chemical reagents and UV spectrophotometry. The level of cathecin in tea products were analyzed by spectrophotometer at 280 nm wavelength. Results: The results obtained indicate that green tea, oolong tea and black tea contain epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) compounds according to the color change based on chemical reagents and for UV spectrum analysis which has λmax in the range 268-274 nm. The results of quantitative tests using UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that the green tea samples gave the highest levels of catechins followed by oolong tea and black tea with brewing temperature at 95±20 °C. Conclusion: The catechin content of tea obtained from various products varies according to the type of processing method and the brewing temperature. Therefore, this study is expected to provide information related to catechin content to the public and researchers.
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Suhail, Mohd, Asma parveen, Amjad Husain, and Mohd Rehan. "Exploring Inhibitory Mechanisms of Green Tea Catechins as Inhibitors of a Cancer Therapeutic Target, Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 04 (December 30, 2019): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2787.
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Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor is a well-established cancer therapeutic target. NF-κB’s linkage with cancer is known through the constitutive activation of NF-κB in several cancer types. The most important role of NF-κB as a transcription factor is its ability to promote cell survival through the induction of transcription of target pro-survival genes and thus inhibition of programmed cell death (PCD) by resulting proteins in both malignant and normal cells. Current findings have unveiled that green tea catechins exert anticancer effect by inhibiting the activity of various receptors including NF-κB. The current study is designed to gain the structural insights for inhibitory mechanism of catechin derivatives against NF-κB. The major green tea catechins include (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and are included in the current study. The study explored the binding pose, interacting residues, molecular interactions, and predicted binding energy and dissociation constant for the catechin derivatives. Our results showed that the catechin derivatives bound well in the DNA binding site with adequate binding strength scores. The study suggested that the four catechin derivatives may act as potential inhibitors of NF-κB and thus, may inhibit the progression of various cancer types.
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Takahashi, Masaki, Masashi Miyashita, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Seong-ryu Bae, Hyeon-Ki Kim, Takuya Wakisaka, Yuji Matsui, Masao Takeshita, and Koichi Yasunaga. "Acute ingestion of catechin-rich green tea improves postprandial glucose status and increases serum thioredoxin concentrations in postmenopausal women." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 9 (September 18, 2014): 1542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514002530.
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Elevated postprandial hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress increase the risks of type 2 diabetes and CVD. Green tea catechin possesses antidiabetic properties and antioxidant capacity. In the present study, we examined the acute and continuous effects of ingestion of catechin-rich green tea on postprandial hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress in healthy postmenopausal women. Participants were randomly assigned into the placebo (P,n11) or green tea (GT,n11) group. The GT group consumed a catechin-rich green tea (catechins 615 mg/350 ml) beverage per d for 4 weeks. The P group consumed a placebo (catechins 92 mg/350 ml) beverage per d for 4 weeks. At baseline and after 4 weeks, participants of each group consumed their designated beverages with breakfast and consumed lunch 3 h after breakfast. Venous blood samples were collected in the fasted state (0 h) and at 2, 4 and 6 h after breakfast. Postprandial glucose concentrations were 3 % lower in the GT group than in the P group (three-factor ANOVA, group × time interaction,P< 0·05). Serum concentrations of the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites increased after meals (P< 0·05), but no effect of catechin-rich green tea intake was observed. Conversely, serum postprandial thioredoxin concentrations were 5 % higher in the GT group than in the P group (three-factor ANOVA, group × time interaction,P< 0·05). These findings indicate that an acute ingestion of catechin-rich green tea has beneficial effects on postprandial glucose and redox homeostasis in postmenopausal women.
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Cibikkarthik,, T. "Protein targets in red complex pathogens for catechin." Bioinformation 17, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300171105.
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The development of antimicrobial drug resistance has encouraged scientists to develop alternate methods to combat infectious pathogens associated with dental diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to predict interactions for catechin (a plant derived compound) with protein targets in the red complex pathogens using computer aided network tools. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the antimicrobial effect of catechin (gallocatechin, epicatechin, epigallactocatechin (EGC) and gallolyl catechins) on the dental pathogens.
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Unno, Keiko, Monira Pervin, Kyoko Taguchi, Tomokazu Konishi, and Yoriyuki Nakamura. "Green Tea Catechins Trigger Immediate-Early Genes in the Hippocampus and Prevent Cognitive Decline and Lifespan Shortening." Molecules 25, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071484.
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Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) mice, after ingesting green tea catechins (GT-catechin, 60 mg/kg), were found to have suppressed aging-related decline in brain function. The dose dependence of brain function on GT-catechin indicated that intake of 1 mg/kg or more suppressed cognitive decline and a shortened lifespan. Mice that ingested 1 mg/kg GT-catechin had the longest median survival, but the dose was less effective at suppressing cognitive decline. The optimal dose for improving memory acquisition was 60 mg/kg, and memory retention was higher in mice that ingested 30 mg/kg or more. To elucidate the mechanism by which cognitive decline is suppressed by GT-catechin, changes in gene expression in the hippocampus of SAMP10 mice one month after ingesting GT-catechin were analyzed. The results show that the expression of immediate-early genes such as nuclear receptor subfamily 4 (Nr4a), FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos), early growth response 1 (Egr1), neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), and cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) was significantly increased. These results suggest that GT-catechin suppresses age-related cognitive decline via increased expression of immediate-early genes that are involved in long-term changes in plasticity of synapses and neuronal circuits.
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Li, Qiqiong, Florence Van Herreweghen, Marjan De Mey, Geert Goeminne, and Tom Van de Wiele. "The Donor-Dependent and Colon-Region-Dependent Metabolism of (+)-Catechin by Colonic Microbiota in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010073.
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The intestinal absorption of dietary catechins is quite low, resulting in most of them being metabolized by gut microbiota in the colon. It has been hypothesized that microbiota-derived metabolites may be partly responsible for the association between catechin consumption and beneficial cardiometabolic effects. Given the profound differences in gut microbiota composition and microbial load between individuals and across different colon regions, this study examined how microbial (+)-catechin metabolite profiles differ between colon regions and individuals. Batch exploration of the interindividual variability in (+)-catechin microbial metabolism resulted in a stratification based on metabolic efficiency: from the 12 tested donor microbiota, we identified a fast- and a slow-converting microbiota that was subsequently inoculated to SHIME, a dynamic model of the human gut. Monitoring of microbial (+)-catechin metabolites from proximal and distal colon compartments with UHPLC-MS and UPLC-IMS-Q-TOF-MS revealed profound donor-dependent and colon-region-dependent metabolite profiles with 5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone being the largest contributor to differences between the fast- and slow-converting microbiota and the distal colon being a more important region for (+)-catechin metabolism than the proximal colon. Our findings may contribute to further understanding the role of the gut microbiota as a determinant of interindividual variation in pharmacokinetics upon (+)-catechin ingestion.
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Kasyanenko, N., V. Rolich, and D. Nikitin. "COMPLEXES OF IRON (III) WITH CATECHIN AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH DNA." Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty 8, no. 3 (May 27, 2024): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2023.0619.
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Modern anticancer drugs have increased toxicity to the human body. There are also cases when tumor cells show resistance to certain classes of drugs. Therefore, the search and study of new compounds with antitumor properties remains an urgent task. In recent years, interest has arisen in the antioxidant and antitumor activity of catechins, which belong to plant flavonoids, and therefore their use in therapy, as well as their combined use with more toxic compounds, can reduce the negative impact of treatment on the body as a whole. Typically, antitumor activity is determined by the ability of compounds to bind to DNA. The paper studies the interaction of DNA with catechin in solution, and also considers the effect DNA of the simultaneous introduction of catechin and iron ions into the solution on DNA conformation. It has been shown that catechin molecules do not interact with DNA, while the presence of iron ions promotes the formation of DNA-catechin-iron complexes, in which catechin is expected to be able to exhibit its biological activity. The discrete nanoparticles are formed at sufficiently high concentrations of Fe3+ ions in catechin solutions. The methods used were UV spectrophotometry, low-gradient viscometry, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy.
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Syukri, Daimon, Fauzan Azima, and Rivan Aprialdho. "STUDY ON THE UTILIZATION OF CATECHINS FROM GAMBIR (UNCARIA GAMBIR ROXB) LEAVES AS ANTIOXIDANTS COOKING OIL." Andalasian International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences (AIJANS) 3, no. 01 (March 21, 2022): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijans.v3.i01.12-25.2022.
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Catechins are flavonoid molecules that act as antioxidants in the body. The degradation of palm oil with catechin treatment (400, 200, 100, 50, 0) was investigated in this work (ppm). The goal of this study was to see how efficient catechins are as antioxidants in cooking oil and what the optimal treatment would be for the amount of catechins added. Catechin concentration, antioxidant IC50, free fatty acid, peroxide value, water content, color, and fatty acid profile are all analyzed using GC-MS. Treatment E (400 ppm) was found to be the most effective, with free fatty acid values of 0.45 percent, peroxide value of 5 mek/g, moisture content of 0.89 percent, and color of 95.95 (L*16, 11, a* -1.51, b* 14.51). Catechins can retain three fatty acids in the oil, according to GC-MS analysis: hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid, and heptadecanoic acid.
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Dubey, Nidhi, Nitin Dubey, Rajendra Mehta, and Ajay Saluja. "Estimation of Catechin in Ayurvedic Oil Formulations Containing Acacia catechu." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.4.1021.
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Abstract A sensitive, simple, rapid, and efficient HPTLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of catechin in marketed Ayurvedic oil formulations containing Acacia catechu. Chromatography of methanolic0.1 formic acid (7:3, v/v) extracts of these formulations was performed on silica gel 60 F254 aluminum-backed TLC plates of 0.2 mm layer thickness. The plate was developed up to 85 mm with the ternarymobile phase chloroformacetone0.1 formic acid (7.7 + 1.5 + 0.8, v/v/v) at 22 2C with 20 min of chamber saturation. The system produced compact spots of catechin at an Rf value of 0.36. The marker, catechin, was quantified at its maximum absorbance of 296 nm. The limit of detection and quantitation values were 6 and 20 ng/spot, respectively. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot showed a good linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 in the concentration range of 2001200 ng/spot for catechin with respect to peak area. Repeatability of the method was 0.88 RSD. Recovery values from 97 to 102 indicate excellent accuracy of the method. The developed HPTLC method is accurate, precise, and cost-effective, and it can be successfully applied for the determination of catechin in marketed Ayurvedic oil formulations containing Acacia catechu.
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Sabhapondit, Santanu, Tanmoy Karak, Lakshi Prasad Bhuyan, Bhabesh Chandra Goswami, and Mridul Hazarika. "Diversity of Catechin in Northeast Indian Tea Cultivars." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/485193.
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Tea (Camellia sinensisL.) leaf contains a large amount of catechins (a group of very active flavonoids) which contribute to major quality attributes of black tea. Based on morphological characters tea plants were classified as Assam, China, and Cambod varieties. The present study is an attempt for biochemical fingerprinting of the tea varieties based on catechin composition in green leaf of cultivars grown in Northeast India. Assam variety cultivars contained the highest level of catechins followed by Cambod and China. The average catechin contents were 231 ± 7 mg g-1, 202 ± 5 mg g-1, and 157 ± 4 mg g-1of dry weight of green leaf for Assam, Cambod, and China cultivars, respectively. Among the individual catechins the variations in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin (EGC) were the most prominent among the varieties. High EGC content was found to be a characteristic of Assam variety which was further corroborated through multivariate analysis.
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Nakano, Shogo, Shin-ichi Megro, Tadashi Hase, Takuji Suzuki, Mamoru Isemura, Yoriyuki Nakamura, and Sohei Ito. "Computational Molecular Docking and X-ray Crystallographic Studies of Catechins in New Drug Design Strategies." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082020.
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Epidemiological and laboratory studies have shown that green tea and green tea catechins exert beneficial effects on a variety of diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In most cases, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to play a central role in these effects by green tea. Catechins from other plant sources have also shown health benefits. Many studies have revealed that the binding of EGCG and other catechins to proteins is involved in its action mechanism. Computational docking analysis (CMDA) and X-ray crystallographic analysis (XCA) have provided detailed information on catechin-protein interactions. Several of these studies have revealed that the galloyl moiety anchors it to the cleft of proteins through interactions with its hydroxyl groups, explaining the higher activity of galloylated catechins such as EGCG and epicatechin gallate than non-galloylated catechins. In this paper, we review the results of CMDA and XCA of EGCG and other plant catechins to understand catechin-protein interactions with the expectation of developing new drugs with health-promoting properties.
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Kubicova, Lenka, Gert Bachmann, Wolfram Weckwerth, and Vladimir Chobot. "(±)-Catechin—A Mass-Spectrometry-Based Exploration Coordination Complex Formation with FeII and FeIII." Cells 11, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11060958.
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Catechin is an extensively investigated plant flavan-3-ol with a beneficial impact on human health that is often associated with antioxidant activities and iron coordination complex formation. The aim of this study was to explore these properties with FeII and FeIII using a combination of nanoelectrospray-mass spectrometry, differential pulse voltammetry, site-specific deoxyribose degradation assay, FeII autoxidation assay, and brine shrimp mortality assay. Catechin primarily favored coordination complex formation with Fe ions of the stoichiometry catechin:Fe in the ratio of 1:1 or 2:1. In the detected Fe–catechin coordination complexes, FeII prevailed. Differential pulse voltammetry, the site-specific deoxyribose degradation, and FeII autoxidation assays proved that coordination complex formation affected catechin’s antioxidant effects. In situ formed Fe–catechin coordination complexes showed no toxic activities in the brine shrimp mortality assay. In summary, catechin has properties for the possible treatment of pathological processes associated with ageing and degeneration, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
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Dubtsova, Galina, Alexander Lomakin, Irina Kusova, Ekaterina Bulannikova, and Dmitriy Bystrov. "Biologically Active Substances from Powdered Barberry and Viburnum." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, no. 4 (January 12, 2022): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-4-779-783.
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Introduction. Plant raw materials can be a source of biologically active substances and increase the nutritional value of food products. The present research objective was to determine the content of biologically active substances in powdered viburnum and barberry.
Study objects and methods. The study featured viburnum (Viburnum opulus L.) and barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.), dried by convection and crushed into particles of 50 microns.
Results and discussion. The total content of phenolic compounds in powdered viburnum was 3114.07 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 2272.7 mg/100 g. The content of flavonoids in powdered viburnum was 324.52 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 390.00 mg/100 g. The flavonoid profile of the powders included rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercintrin, and astralagin. The total content of catechins was 446 mg/100 g for viburnum and 506 mg/100 g for barberry. The catechins included mainly epigallocatechin and catechin. In powdered viburnum, the catechin composition was as follows: epicatechin – 196, catechin – 118, and epigallocatechin – 89 mg/100 g; in powdered barberry: epigallocatechin – 173, catechin – 111, and epicatechin – 74 mg/100 g. The antiradical activity in relation to trolox equivalent was 7560 mg/100 g in powdered viburnum and 9460 mg/100 g in powdered barberry.
Conclusion. The obtained viburnum and barberry powders can fortify food with biologically active substances and expand the range of functional products.
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Silva, Ana Luísa, Q. G. Da Silva, Lauro Tatsuo Kubota, and A. T. Tanaka. "Determinação de catequinas por eletrodo de carbono impresso modificado com nanotubo de carbono funcionalizado." Eclética Química Journal 40, no. 1 (September 26, 2015): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v40.1.2015.p52-61.
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Catechin is a phenolic compound with high oxidizing potential, found in several types of foods, some of the benefits of catechins are capillary strengthening, improvement of blood flow and reduction of cholesterol levels. In this paper, it was used the cyclic voltammetry technique (CV) to optimize the printed carbon electrode modified with carbon nanotube, functionalized to detect and quantify catechin by means of the squarewave voltammetry technique (SWV). For this electrode, the best results were obtained at a catechin concentration of 1x10-3 mol L-1 in means of 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer pH 7.0 at a potential scan rate of 0.05 V s-1. From these conditions, an analytical curve was obtained with a linear behavior in the catechin concentration range of 1,68x10-5 to 2,0x10-7 mol L-1, with limits of detection and quantification of 9,2x10-8 and 3,0x10-7 mol L-1, respectively, by SWV. This electrode showed good repeatability with a standard deviation of 4.05%. Oxidation of catechin showed a peak located around 0,15V vs Ag / AgCl, being close to the peak potentials shown in the literature.
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Cioanca, Oana, Ionut-Iulian Lungu, Ioana Mita-Baciu, Silvia Robu, Ana Flavia Burlec, Monica Hancianu, and Florina Crivoi. "Extraction and Purification of Catechins from Tea Leaves: An Overview of Methods, Advantages, and Disadvantages." Separations 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2024): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11060171.
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This review study explores the complex methods involved in the extraction and purification of polyphenols, specifically catechins, prominent compounds that are bioactive and found in plant-based extracts and foods like tea. This study also addresses the challenges that may arise from the complex chemical structure of catechins and their inherent variability across botanical sources. Despite these shortcomings and obstacles, catechins and catechin derivatives present significant potential, particularly in healthcare but also in the food industry. Their enhanced antioxidant properties have been exhaustively investigated and associated with countless health benefits, making them promising agents with numerous applications, most notably in healthcare against chronic diseases. Furthermore, catechins have numerous applications across various industries, including food and beverage, cosmetics, agriculture, and materials science. This review is a compilation of the most notable and recent research found in the literature and emphasizes the importance of continued research and innovation in catechin separation, extraction, and utilization, which hold promise for advancing human health and technological progress across multiple domains.
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Aranda, Elisa, José A. Teruel, Antonio Ortiz, María Dolores Pérez-Cárceles, José N. Rodríguez-López, and Francisco J. Aranda. "Effects of a Semisynthetic Catechin on Phosphatidylglycerol Membranes: A Mixed Experimental and Simulation Study." Molecules 28, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010422.
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Catechins have been shown to display a great variety of biological activities, prominent among them are their chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic properties against several types of cancer. The amphiphilic nature of catechins points to the membrane as a potential target for their actions. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoate of catechin (TMBC) is a modified structural analog of catechin that shows significant antiproliferative activity against melanoma and breast cancer cells. Phosphatidylglycerol is an anionic membrane phospholipid with important physical and biochemical characteristics that make it biologically relevant. In addition, phosphatidylglycerol is a preeminent component of bacterial membranes. Using biomimetic membranes, we examined the effects of TMBC on the structural and dynamic properties of phosphatidylglycerol bilayers by means of biophysical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, together with an analysis through molecular dynamics simulation. We found that TMBC perturbs the thermotropic gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition and promotes immiscibility in both phospholipid phases. The modified catechin decreases the thickness of the bilayer and is able to form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl groups of the phospholipid. Experimental data support the simulated data that locate TMBC as mostly forming clusters in the middle region of each monolayer approaching the carbonyl moiety of the phospholipid. The presence of TMBC modifies the structural and dynamic properties of the phosphatidylglycerol bilayer. The decrease in membrane thickness and the change of the hydrogen bonding pattern in the interfacial region of the bilayer elicited by the catechin might contribute to the alteration of the events taking place in the membrane and might help to understand the mechanism of action of the diverse effects displayed by catechins.