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Academic literature on the topic 'Catastrophes urbaines – Reconstruction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Catastrophes urbaines – Reconstruction"
Rode, Sylvain. "Recomposer les territoires pour les adapter aux effets de la crise climatique : l’après-catastrophe comme opportunité pour une meilleure habitabilité ?" Sud-Ouest européen 54 (2022): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/12g5d.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Catastrophes urbaines – Reconstruction"
Etienne, Jean Odile. "Stratégies d’acteurs et logiques d’action dans la reconstruction Post-catastrophe de Port-au-Prince : approche par les vulnérabilités post-catastrophes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080082.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to address vulnerabilities as a dimension of fragility and socio-spatial precariousness and strategies developed with the aim of "coping". It highlights the situation of fragility and precariousness emerging and projecting in the territories of the Metropolitan Region of Port-au-Prince during the period of post-earthquake reconstruction and developing the notion of post-disaster vulnerability. By this notion we interpret the new forms of fragilities, inequalities and urban fragmentation through the study of the actions and strategies of the actors of the reconstruction.Therefore, the emphasis is on the explanatory weight of the action logics and the strategies of actors in the production of spaces of vulnerabilities in a context of post-disaster reconstruction. Thus, this thesis is in line with the French1 social geography by highlighting the socio-spatial inequalities, the process of relegation and marginalization that tend to widen throughout post-disaster reconstruction operations in Port -au-Prince
Lacroix, Marie. "Méthodes pour la reconstruction, l'analyse et l'exploitation de réseaux tridimensionnels en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066001.
Full textDisasters like the ones that happened in Ghislenghien (Belgium), Ludwigshafen (Germany), or Lyon (France), have been attributed to excavations in the vicinity of gas pipelines. Though pipes are one of the safest methods of transportation for conveying hazardous substances, each year many cases of damage to gas pipes are recorded in France. Most of them are due to works in the vicinity of the networks and some illustrate the lack of reliability of the provided information. Concessionaries have to take stock of the situation and to suggest areas of improvement, so that everyone could benefit from networks becoming safer.To prevent such accidents which involve workers and the public, French authorities enforce two regulations: DT / DICT: reform of the network no-damage by securing the excavations, Multifluide: reform which is interested in securing networks of hazardous events.So, to avoid such accidents or other problems, it is necessary to acquire and control the 3D information concerning the different city networks, especially buried ones.Preventive strategies have to be adopted. That’s why working on the networks and their visualization and risk cartography, taking the blur into account, is a recent and appropriate research. The software applications I develop should help the utility and construction contractors and focus on the prevention of hazardous events thanks to accurate data sets for users and consumers, the definition of a geomatics network but also some methods such as triangulation methods, element modeling, geometrical calculations, Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality
El, Hage Josiana. "Smart Reconstruction after a natural or man-made disaster : Feedback, methodology, and application to the Beirut Harbor Disaster." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILN015.
Full textThe objective of this study is to develop a smart framework for post-disaster reconstruction of buildings, with a focus on the Beirut explosion as a case study, due to its complex geopolitical context, extensive damage, and socio-economic crises. The study delves into various dimensions encompassing physical, economic, and social to prioritize marginalized community groups in the recovery efforts and advocate for the “Build-Back-Better approach”, according to the recommendations of « Sendai Framework For Disaster Risk Reduction ».To attain these objectives, the thesis starts with a literature review (Chapter 1) to identify research gaps and existing post-disaster reconstruction frameworks. Drawing from this review, a research methodology is formulated to address these gaps with emphasis on Beirut city in Lebanon (Chapter 2). It includes the local context study, the data analysis methods, and an understanding of the challenges facing the post-disaster reconstruction with a focus on Beirut. A comprehensive framework for assessing post-disaster buildings in Beirut following the explosion is developed (Chapter 3), comprising 12 indicators spanning physical attributes of the building and socio-economic profile of its residents. This framework facilitates the calculation of a Priority Index for a large set of damaged buildings in Beirut (Chapter 4). The assessment assists decision-makers and stakeholders involved in the reconstruction process manage and monitor building renovation projects while encouraging the affected community engagement. It prioritizes the most vulnerable individuals, thereby fostering a people-centric approach to recovery, underpinned by the principles of building-back-better and inclusivity.The data-based framework and results presented in this thesis form a step forward in the post-disaster reconstruction field. However, this research shows some limitations including the data collection via crowdsourcing and the lack of people participation, the dynamics and the complexity of the post-disaster context, and the focus on the building sector only. Future research could focus on (i) considering all the sectors affected by the disaster, (ii) investigating the social acceptance for participating in the data collection process, (iii) and diversifying the data collection sources
Lacroix, Marie. "Méthodes pour la reconstruction, l'analyse et l'exploitation de réseaux tridimensionnels en milieu urbain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066001/document.
Full textDisasters like the ones that happened in Ghislenghien (Belgium), Ludwigshafen (Germany), or Lyon (France), have been attributed to excavations in the vicinity of gas pipelines. Though pipes are one of the safest methods of transportation for conveying hazardous substances, each year many cases of damage to gas pipes are recorded in France. Most of them are due to works in the vicinity of the networks and some illustrate the lack of reliability of the provided information. Concessionaries have to take stock of the situation and to suggest areas of improvement, so that everyone could benefit from networks becoming safer.To prevent such accidents which involve workers and the public, French authorities enforce two regulations: DT / DICT: reform of the network no-damage by securing the excavations, Multifluide: reform which is interested in securing networks of hazardous events.So, to avoid such accidents or other problems, it is necessary to acquire and control the 3D information concerning the different city networks, especially buried ones.Preventive strategies have to be adopted. That’s why working on the networks and their visualization and risk cartography, taking the blur into account, is a recent and appropriate research. The software applications I develop should help the utility and construction contractors and focus on the prevention of hazardous events thanks to accurate data sets for users and consumers, the definition of a geomatics network but also some methods such as triangulation methods, element modeling, geometrical calculations, Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality
Cotelle, Pauline. "Une géographie de l'insécurité urbaine post catastrophe : le cas de la Nouvelle-Orléans et du cyclone Katrina (USA, 2000-2010)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30057/document.
Full textThe lack of academic research on “urban insecurity” in the context of a city affected by a major disaster led us to investigate this issue through the case of New Orleans and the Katrina disaster. The analysis of crime data, complemented by an intensive field work, allowed us to “recreate” the spatial and temporal evolution of crime related to Katrina. In the short term, Katrina let to numerous crime displacements in New Orleans and in the cities affected by indirect impacts from the disaster. Nonetheless, the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data allows to seriously play down the discourses which oriented the official responses to the disaster. Crime, in particular fear of crime, has represented a serious obstacle to the crisis management, especially to the evacuation of the residents trapped by the floods. In the longer term, the return of the inhabitants came along with the return of violent crime after a lull of several months after hurricane Katrina. The analysis of crime data at different spatial scales allows us to consider crime as a frame to “read” post disaster changes in urban dynamics. Besides, brutal changes in those dynamics and in the urban landscape have affected the perceptions of danger which didn't always adjust to the new “criminal trends” of the city's different neighborhoods. The holistic approach of post disaster “urban insecurity” allows us to highlight an increase of crime risk at the city scale after Katrina because of a long lasting weakening of territories that struggle to recover and where criminal activities have proliferated. Since disasters like Katrina can lead to an increase in urban insecurity, in particular in the most vulnerable territories, a better consideration of this issue by researchers seems therefore necessary. The anticipation of the consequences that a major disaster can have on urban security would allow to integrate the issue of crime and its prevention into disaster management and recovery plans and therefore to facilitate the process of urban resilience
Hernandez, Julie. "ReNew Orleans ? : Résilience urbaine, mobilisation civique et création d’un « capital de reconstruction » à la Nouvelle-Orléans après Katrina." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100224.
Full textHurricane Katrina and its consequences in New Orleans called for a shift in the usual perspectives of urban geography regarding American cities. This thesis analyses the latter’s vulnerabilities to understand how they made possible what has been called in the media "a Third World catastrophe within the world’s most powerful country". "Katrina" is here understood as catalyzing and revealing the social, economic, political and environmental issues tearing apart the urban fabric of U. S metropolises. I propose to demonstrate how these vulnerabilities replayed after the storm through the long and chaotic recovery process. Based on extended participant observations fieldwork conducted in the immediate months and years following Hurricane Katrina, this research analyses how urban "resilience" in New Orleans translated into a long yet silent disaster, whose landscapes and spatial inequalities are reminiscent of the urban crisis affecting former industrial cities of the United States. Bureaucratic confusion and the spectacular phenomenon of civic engagement in the bottom-up recovery process explain the various trajectories of selected New Orleans’ neighborhoods, whose communities produced what I propose to call a more or less efficient "recovery capital", while outlining the concrete and theoretical limits of such notions as social capital and participative urban development
Condorelli, Stéphane. "U tirrimotu ranni : lectures du tremblement de terre de Sicile de 1693." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0141.
Full textThis thesis analyses the great Sicilian earthquake of 1693 through its main features. It examines in particular: the deployment of the disaster between the two main seismic shocks (the first on the 9th of January and the second on the 11th of January); how the event was perceived and described by its contemporaries; the repercussion of news of the earthquake throughout Sicily and Europe; the scientific debate initiated by the event (a debate that, in some ways, continues to this day); the issue of victims and destructions (in Catania, for example, the seism causes the death of more than half of the population and the destruction of more than three-quarters of buildings); the social dimension of the disaster (the diverse behaviour of the disaster-stricken people, the smaller or larger shaking of the established order between one city to the other, the way the populations and the authorities gradually overcome the shock of the earthquake, etc. ); finally, the articulation between the disaster and the urban rebuilding (the psychological thresholds that the disaster-stricken people must get over before they are able to reconstruct the first stone buildings, the first floors, the first great cupolas. . . ) Overall, the thesis strives to renew the study of this great earthquake -not as famous as the one of Lisbon of 1755-by focusing on the analysis and comparison of its contemporaries' discourses
Pradi, Bonilha Camila. "Rebuilding less vulnerable communities : the case of Holy Cross." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3912.
Full textResiliency is the capacity to adjust to threats and mitigate or avoid harm; it can be found in hazard-resistant buildings or adaptive social systems (Pelling, 2003). Hence, it can also be understood as the ability to rebuild a neighbourhood with stronger and more viable components. Almost four years after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans is seen as an open laboratory in which the level of resiliency of its communities can be examined. The rebuilding status of its neighbourhoods widely differs from one to another. The historic district of Holy Cross is one of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city; this vulnerable community is known for its cultural heritage, apparent not only in its unique architecture but also its social relations. This research investigates the current process of rebuilding a more sustainable and resilient Holy Cross by assessing the efficiency of stakeholders involved in the reconstruction of affordable opportunities that work to encourage former residents to return. It also demonstrates the current efforts to build new sustainable projects while keeping the patrimonial style of the neighbourhood.