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Journal articles on the topic 'Catastrophe de (1984)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

HENSCHEL DE LIMA, CLÁUDIA. "Da catástrofe das emergências humanitárias à melancolização." Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 16, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202416108.

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This article is a theoretical study arising from the umbrella research project, Psychoanalytic Investigation of Clinical Phenomena in Depression in the Context of COVID-19, by the Laboratory for the Investigation of Contemporary Psychopathologies (UFF. Volta Redonda Campus), in an inter-institutional partnership with the Graduate Program in Psychology at UFRJ. The aim of the research is to demarcate and define the effects of the contemporary mutation of the social bond on subjectivity, based on the recognition that humanitarian/sanitary emergencies are catastrophic for subjective functioning. In this paper, we will present the Freudian démarche that led us to recognize melancholization as the main impact of humanitarian/sanitary emergencies on subjective functioning. The paper recalls the use of the term catastrophe and its epistemological status within the framework of psychoanalysis. This term is fundamental to our research hypothesis: humanitarian/sanitary emergencies are a catastrophe because they produce the civilizational ruin of guarantees for the affected population and the suspension of the functioning of subjective defences and sublimatory strategies for dealing with the condition of helplessness. By considering humanitarian/sanitary emergencies as a catastrophe, the paper highlights, in the line of argument developed by Sigmund Freud, the emergence of the affect of despondency or melancholization as pathos in dark times of humanitarian/sanitary emergencies.

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2

Lagadec, Patrick. "L'analyse des situations de crise : la catastrophe de Mexico, 19 novembre 1984." Droit et Ville 20, no. 1 (1985): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/drevi.1985.1543.

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3

Brouhard, Gary J. "Dynamic instability 30 years later: complexities in microtubule growth and catastrophe." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 7 (April 2015): 1207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0594.

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Microtubules are not like other polymers. Whereas polymers such as F-actin will grow continuously as long as the subunit concentration is high enough, a steadily growing microtubule can suddenly shrink even when there is ample αβ-tubulin around. This remarkable behavior was discovered in 1984 when Tim Mitchison and Marc Kirschner deduced that microtubules switch from growth to shrinkage when they lose their GTP caps. Here, I review the canonical explanation of dynamic instability that was fleshed out in the years after its discovery. Many aspects of this explanation have been recently subverted, particularly those related to how GTP-tubulin forms polymers and why GTP hydrolysis disrupts them. I describe these developments and speculate on how our explanation of dynamic instability can be changed to accommodate them.

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4

Kim, Yeonkyung. "Rereading Dystopia Literature: From E. Zamyatin's We to G. Orwell's 1984." Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies 87 (August 30, 2022): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22344/fls.2022.87.103.

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This paper tries to reread three masterpieces of Dystopia Literature: E. Zamyatin's We, A. Huxley's Brave New World, and G. Orwell's 1984. First, We is examined as a kind of theoretical manifesto (dialectics of 'freedom and happiness') of this genre. Special attention is paid to the intrigue of Mephi (I-330), D-503's ‘betrayal', peculiarities of 'One State' (Utopia-Dystopia), 'Benefactor,' etc. The third chapter is dedicated to reading Brave New World. The novel shows serious thoughts on how to resolve such three problems as difference (class), sexuality (family egoism), and death. After that is followed the analysis of 1984 as an ideal Dystopia SF novel. This research focuses not only on political system but also on Winston Smith's rebellion and tragic catastrophe. In conclusion, this study hopes to study the 'former' Soviet SF such as the Strugatsky Brothers' novels.

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5

Romá, Armando, and Cayetano Mas Galvañ. "Climate, risk, catastrophe and crisis on both sides of the Atlantic during the Little Ice Age (LIA). A proposed research project." Antíteses 14, no. 27 (August 13, 2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1984-3356.2021v14n27p295.

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6

Dr. Tamanna. "Maya’s Materialistic Longings Resulting in Alienation and Frustration: A Feminist Reading of Anita Desai’s Cry, the Peacock." Creative Launcher 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.1.17.

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Anita Mazumdar Desai occupies a much privileged place in the Indian Writing in English. She is known as an acclaimed Indian woman novelist who deals with the psychological problems of her women characters. She was born in 24 June 1937 in Mussoorie. Her father D.N. Majumdar was a Bengali businessman and her mother Toni Nime was a German immigrant. Anita Desai is working as Emeritus John E. Buchard Professor of Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Anita Desai got a congenial environment to learn different languages in her own home and neighbourhood. She learnt Hindi from her neighbourhood. They used to speak German, Bengali, Urdu and English at their home. She learnt English at her school. She attended Queens Mary Higher Senior Secondary School in Delhi and she did her B.A. in 1957 from the Miranda House of the University of Delhi. So far is Anita Desai literary career is concerned, she wrote her first novel Cry, the Peacock in 1963. With the help of P. Lal, they founded the publishing firm Writers Workshop. Clear Light of Day (1980) is her most autobiographical work. Her novel In Custody was enlisted for the Booker Prize. She became a creative writing teacher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993. When she published her novel Fasting Feasting and it won the Booker Prize in 1999, she came to the limelight. She was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times in 1980, 1984 and 1999 for her novels Clear Light of Day (1980), In Custody (1984) and Fasting Feasting (1999) respectively. She received Padma Bhushan in 2014 also. She has received Sahitya Akademi Award in 1937 for her well-known novel Fire on the Mountain. The present paper analyses the central female protagonist Maya’s materialistic pursuits which turn in a great catastrophe for her in the novel Cry, the Peacock.

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7

Muoki, Stephen Joshua. "AIDS PROPHETS IN A WOUNDED COUNTRY: A MEMOIR OF TWO CATHOLIC CLERICS INVOLVED IN RESPONDING TO AIDS IN SOUTH AFRICA (1984â€“1990)." Oral History Journal of South Africa 1, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/1595.

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The alliance between faith and health in responding to a looming AIDS crisis in South Africa was exemplified in the collaborative work of two Catholic clerics and three nurses. Whereas their work was often eclipsed by the struggle for independence, Archbishop Denis Hurley and Father Ted Rogers envisioned a looming AIDS catastrophe and started warning, training and supporting societies with relevant strategies to minimise its impact as early as 1984. This article analyses their response to the AIDS crisis as witnessed by these nurses and two other contemporary clerics. Archival materials such as the Southern Cross magazine, plenary minutes of the South African Catholic Bishops Conference (SACBC), and correspondence letters shed more light on their difficult operating context.

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8

Santas, L. A., and D. M. Lazarakis. "Using drone brood in the control of the Varroa disease of bees in Greece." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 2 (May 25, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13898.

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The use of drone brood to control the Varroa disease (Varroa jacobsoni Ouds) was tested in twenty bee colonies (ten as control) which had a very low Varroa mite infestation. The experiment started in winter 1981-82. Early in spring 1983 the brood was removed from ten hives and later during April, May and June it was replaced by drone combs (trap combs) which were also removed when drone cells were capped. The same treatment was repeated during spring 1984. In July 31, 1984, the adult bee infestation was 0 to 7%, while the worker brood’s infestation was 0 to 17%. The data show that, after two and half years without any acaricidal treatment, six out of the ten bee colonies continued to have a very low mite infestation, while three showed high infestation and had to be treated with acaricide. One of the three colonies was treated by acaricide in the winter 1983-84, that is two years from the beginning of this experiment. On the contrary, in the ten control colonies (with the same low infestation in spring 1982) the mite infestation reached catastrophic levels by August 1983.

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9

Deb, Nikhil. "Law and Corporate Malfeasance in Neoliberal India." Critical Sociology 46, no. 7-8 (April 17, 2020): 1157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520907122.

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Critical sociolegal scholars highlight how the law favors powerful actors in handling the socioenvironmental devastation affecting marginalized populations. What receives scant attention is how the neoliberalization of the world economy has further enabled powerful capitalist firms to shape the legal path in their own favor and to the detriment of the marginalized. Union Carbide’s 1984 Bhopal catastrophe killed 25,000, injured 600,000, and left prolonged consequences. This paper advances our understanding of the political economy of law by analyzing the handling of death and devastation in Bhopal. Drawing data from 60 interviews with Bhopal victim activists and archives, it advances the argument that the law mirrors the interests of the neoliberal actors of capital. Findings suggest that the law has not only proved unable to safeguard the weakest elements of Bhopal society, but also the pursuit of legal solutions under neoliberalism is incapable of addressing the long-term harms affecting marginalized Bhopalis.

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Mandal, Monalisha, and Md Mojibur Rahman. "Bhopal Disaster Gas Victims’: Trauma Before & During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Problemy Ekorozwoju 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2021.2.06.

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Many studies, reports, books, narratives, and surveys have focused on the disputable picture of the sustainable development of victims of the Bhopal Gas Disaster to understand the trauma, faced by the victims and survivors before and during the COVID-19 period. Traumatic accidents fundamentally shatter the time-based experience of humans between the present and the past. The poisonous night not only had an intense effect on their way of life, but also had an acute impact on their understanding of how to deal with problems. However, another whammy COVID-19 makes their lives more traumatized, unsustainable, and also the victims of another catastrophe. The researchers of the present study have attempted to focus on the traumatic conditions and lessons faced by the Bhopal Gas Victims. In short, the present study puts the focus on the disputable record of sustainable development of the Bhopal Gas Victims in duration, from 1984 to the COVID-19 period, through an analysis of different studies.

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11

Brenner, Rachel Feldhay. "Between Identity and Anonymity: Art and History in Aharon Megged's Foiglman." AJS Review 20, no. 2 (November 1995): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036400940000698x.

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In a recent article, “Israeli Literature Over Time,”Aharon Megged describes his work as “unremittingly concerned with burning national issues,” mainly with the issue of Israel′s relationship to the Diaspora.1 Megged′s intense preoccupation with the Zionist ideology of the negation of the Diaspora emerged in his 1955 story “Yad va-shem” (“The Name”). The story presents a scathing criticism of Israel′s dissociation from the history of the Diaspora and especially from the catastrophe of the Holocaust. “Yad va-shem” was followed by an article entitled “Tarbutenu ha-yeshana ve-ha-hadasha” (“Our Old and New Culture”) in which Megged deplored Israel′s severance of its Diaspora roots and urged a reexamination of the negative attitude toward the destroyed European Jewish culture.In 1984, Megged published Massa ha-yeladim el ha-aretz ha-muvtachat (“The Children's Journey”), a novel based on a true story about a group of young survivors of the Holocaust on their way to Palestine.3 This work, as Dan Laor notes in his review, “offers a perspective of the Diaspora in the Holocaust which differs from [the typical Israeli attitude of] contempt infused with pity” toward the Diaspora Jew.

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12

Boswell, Suzanne F. "“Jack In, Young Pioneer”: Frontier Politics, Ecological Entrapment, and the Architecture of Cyberspace." American Literature 93, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-9361251.

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Abstract This essay uncovers the environmental and historical conditions that played a role in cyberspace’s popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. Tracing both fictional and critical constructions of cyberspace in a roughly twenty-year period from the publication of William Gibson’s Sprawl trilogy (1984–1988) to the Telecommunications Act of 1996, this essay argues that cyberspace’s infinite, virtual territory provided a solution to the apparent ecological crisis of the 1980s: the fear that the United States was running out of physical room to expand due to overdevelopment. By discursively transforming the technology of cyberspace into an “electronic frontier,” technologists, lobbyists, and journalists turned cyberspace into a solution for the apparent American crisis of overdevelopment and resource loss. In a period when Americans felt detached from their own environment, cyberspace became a new frontier for exploration and a so-called American space to which the white user belonged as an indigenous inhabitant. Even Gibson’s critique of the sovereign cyberspace user in the Sprawl trilogy masks the violence of cybercolonialism by privileging the white American user. Sprawl portrays the impossibility of escaping overdevelopment through cyberspace, but it routes this impossibility through the specter of racial contamination by Caribbean hackers and Haitian gods. This racialized frontier imaginary shaped the form of internet technologies throughout the 1990s, influencing the modern user’s experience of the internet as a private space under their sovereign control. In turn, the individualism of the internet experience restricts our ability to create collective responses to the climate crisis, encouraging internet users to see themselves as disassociated from conditions of environmental and social catastrophe.

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13

Cordle, Daniel. "‘That's going to happen to us. It is’: Threads and the Imagination of Nuclear Disaster on 1980s Television." Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0122.

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The broadcast of Threads (BBC) on 23 September 1984 was a key moment in the Cold War imagination of nuclear catastrophe. Directed by Mick Jackson, and scripted by Barry Hines, the docudrama was widely trailed, attracted a large audience and was influential in defining a vision of what nuclear war would mean. The early 1980s had seen a resurgence in Cold War tensions with both superpowers adopting more bellicose rhetoric and actions; with nuclear war felt by many to be a distinct possibility, nuclear protest had also re-emerged as a shaping influence on the political landscape. Yet Threads is now, if not quite forgotten, certainly little known: with some notable exceptions, few critics have written about it and it has rarely been screened since its first broadcast. This article seeks to recover Threads and argue for its significance in providing 1980s Britain with a vision of what nuclear war would mean. It shows how it works within and against established television genres, exploiting the tensions between dramatic and documentary aesthetics, and how scheduling framed it as significant by placing it within the context of other documentary and discussion programmes. Finally, the article assesses the long-term impact of Threads. Although it swiftly faded from popular memory, it had a lasting impact on a specific demographic within its original audience: those who were adolescents or young adults when it was first broadcast. Not coincidentally, it was this generation who provided many of the new recruits for CND and other protest groups during the 1980s.

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14

Mulligan, William. "Armageddon: Political Elites and Their Visions of a General European War before 1914." War in History 26, no. 4 (May 17, 2018): 448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344517736082.

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Expectations of a general European war before 1914 remain a contentious area of historiographical debate. This article discusses how one particular group, political and diplomatic elites, imagined a future war before 1914. In contrast to the ‘short-war myth’, this article argues that political elites understood that war would bring in its wake revolution, chaos, and impoverishment. This article analyses the varieties of understandings of catastrophe among European political elites before 1914, the sources of their knowledge about the consequences of war, and the implications these visions of catastrophic warfare had for the conduct of international politics.

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15

Chen, Jeng‐Chang, Chiu‐Chiang Chen, Jin‐Tung Liang, and Shiu‐Feng Huang. "Spontaneous Bowel Perforation in Infants and Young Children: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of Pathogenesis." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 30, no. 4 (April 2000): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2000.tb02766.x.

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ABSTRACTBackground:In children beyond the neonatal stage, spontaneous bowel perforation with no specific cause is rare. It has attracted little notice and does not fit into any established clinical category. This often results in treatment delays. To determine the underlying pathogenesis, a clinicopathologic analysis of this group of patients was performed.Methods:From 1984 through 1997, 15 previously healthy children (10 boys and 5 girls) with bowel perforations were enrolled in this study. Children in whom the specific cause was established were excluded. The ages of the patients ranged from 3 months to 5 years, 5 months (average age: 2 years, 4 months). Data on clinical course, surgical and pathologic findings, and outcomes were analyzed.Results:All the patients had high fever and acute, watery diarrhea with clinical dehydration. Abdominal distension developed and bowel perforation ensued 5 to 30 days after the onset of diarrhea. In all cases, the perforation consisted of either an isolated patch of bowel (n = 8) or patchy lesions in a segment (n = 7), which was confined to one of the following three anatomic watershed areas: the splenic flexure (n = 7); the lower sigmoid (n = 3); and the ileocecal region (n = 5). One patient died, and three had major sequelae including intra‐abdominal abscess, adhesion ileus, and peristomal fistula. Specimens from 13 patients were submitted for histopathologic evaluation. All specimens had acute suppurative inflammation diffusely around the perforation site. Seven had areas of coagulation necrosis of the muscularis propria, especially in the inner circular muscle layer.Conclusion:In acute diarrheal diseases, dehydration may cause bowel ischemia and lead to perforation. Physicians should be alert to the possibility of this abdominal catastrophe when progressive abdominal distension followed by acute diarrheal episodes occurs in children.

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Samir Oulahbib, Lucien. "Palestine 1948 : guerre et « catastrophe »." Commentaire Numéro 147, no. 3 (August 28, 2014): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/comm.147.0695.

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17

McMeekin, Sean. "Contingency and Catastrophe." Current History 113, no. 766 (November 1, 2014): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.766.329.

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18

Shao, John. "Politics and the Food Production Crisis in Tanzania." Issue 14 (1985): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700505897.

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Opinion is now universally agreed among all people of conscience, that the so-called Tanzanian experiment is a complete and dismal failure. Reviews critical of this ‘experiment’ and warning about the impending catastrophe, which began to appear in the international press in the middle of 1980 as a whisper, had become an uproar by late 1982 as the hopes and optimism that accompanied the apparent and aberrant recovery of 1976-79 were dashed and shattered by the return of the food crisis in 1980 and the perseverance and intensification of the general economic crisis. The pace of deterioration of the economy has accelerated since 1980.

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19

Midorikawa, Saburoh. "A Short Note for Dr. Kobayashi's Review in 1974." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2006): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0210.

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Sediment induced disasters have been studied in a wide variety of research fields ranging from social to natural science, with many interesting results. This special issue provides engineers and scientists with an opportunity to share knowledge and experience in engineering research concerning mass sediment movement and related disasters. To clarify this issue’s objectives and encourage submissions, topics have been discussed based on the needs, activities, and possible contributors classified into four categories: 1) Results based on field and literature surveys and data analysis for catastrophic, recent and historical mass ~~movement, and corresponding disaster events. 2) Results based on field surveys and data analysis for recent usual mass movement events and corresponding ~~disasters resulting from rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and glacier lakes and natural landslide dam events. 3) Mechanics and numerical modeling for mass movement. 4) Measures against sediment-induced and similar disasters. Last August, we began inviting submissions on these themes just as Typhoon Morakot slowly crossed Taiwan, causing historically significant rainfall events in southern Taiwan involving numerous landslides and debris flows and precipitated casualties, landscape changes, channel bed variations, etc., similar to the catastrophic sediment events occurring in Venezuela in 1999. Two papers describe what happened in Taiwan and Venezuela, providing advice on possible measures against such abnormal catastrophes. Three contributions describe historical catastrophes involving mountain collapse based on analysis of the literature, topography and field surveys, and numerical models. A total of 11 papers have been submitted, 4 of which concern applicability of constitutive equations for debris flow, numerical models for landslide occurrence due to rain fall and flood processes due to rapid landslide dam erosion, and sediment issues resulting from glacier lake outburst flooding. Two submissions focus on corrective measures. All papers have been reviewed, revised, and accepted for publications, and we believe this special issue will stimulate future studies and prove useful in practical and scientific fields. We heartily thank all of the authors undergoing the review process, and express our sincere appreciation to the distinguished reviewers, without whose invaluable aid this issue would not have been possible.

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20

McManus, John C. "Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes to War." Global War Studies 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5893/19498489.11.02.06.

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21

Godwin, Ashlee. "Catastrophe: Europe Goes to War 1914." RUSI Journal 159, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2014.895271.

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22

Gebert, Martin, Heinrich Küttler, and Peter Müller. "Anderson’s Orthogonality Catastrophe." Communications in Mathematical Physics 329, no. 3 (March 11, 2014): 979–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-014-1914-3.

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23

Yerxa, Donald A. "Catastrophe 1914: An Interview with Max Hastings." Historically Speaking 14, no. 5 (2013): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2013.0046.

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24

WILLIAMS, DOUGLAS J., and DOUGLASS R. MILLER. "Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of the Krakatau Islands including species from adjacent Java." Zootaxa 2451, no. 1 (May 11, 2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2451.1.3.

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In this paper we provide a list of all species of scale insects that have been collected in the Krakatau Islands since the catastrophic eruption of 1883. Included in the list are species collected during the La Trobe University Expedition in 1984 from the islands and from the adjacent mainland in Java and also species collected in earlier expeditions, including those during 1919–1933, discussed by Dammerman (1948). In addition, we describe two new species of armoured scales, Aulacaspis thorntoni Williams & Miller and Greeniella calophylli Williams & Miller and provide a key to the species of Greeniella Cockerell.

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25

Bertrand, Eva. "Quand l’humanitaire entre en politique." Connexe : les espaces postcommunistes en question(s) 1 (July 12, 2015): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5077/journals/connexe.2015.e37.

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À la fin des années 1980, les catastrophes naturelles et technologiques de Tchernobyl et de Spitak conduisent, à la faveur de la perestroïka, à l’institutionnalisation de nouvelles fonctions d’État autour de la notion de « situation d’urgence ». Créé en 1994, le ministère russe des Situations d’Urgence (MTchS) s’est imposé depuis comme un acteur clé de « l’action humanitaire d’État » dans le pays. À la frontière du civil et du militaire, tant par son statut que par sa composition, cette structure a connu un développement inattendu, intégrant de nouveaux champs de compétences et autant de nouvelles ressources administratives. Agissant comme « bras humanitaire » de l’État dans les catastrophes et conflits où la Russie est impliquée, le MTchS est aussi un instrument du soft power russe à l’étranger. La popularité dont il bénéficie est pourtant moins liée à ses activités en temps de guerre et de catastrophe, qu’à sa capacité de communiquer autour de ses fonctions, de ses valeurs, et de la personnalité du ministre Sergueï Choïgou en poste pendant plus de 18 ans. Revenant sur la création et le développement du ministère des Situations d’Urgence, il s’agira d’envisager comment se conjuguent, dans la mise en œuvre d’une politique humanitaire d’État, ressources administratives et stratégies de communication, enjeux régaliens et nécessité d’assistance.

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SELIGER, H. H., J. A. BOGGS, and W. H. BIGGLEY. "Catastrophic Anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay in 1984." Science 228, no. 4695 (April 5, 1985): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4695.70.

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27

Lak, Martijn. "Europe and Germany’s Age of Catastrophe, 1914–1950." European History Quarterly 48, no. 3 (July 2018): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691418777981.

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28

Gissing, Andrew. "Leading through crisis: the leadership experience of Major General Alan Stretton." April 2022 10.47389/37, No 2 (April 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/37.2.74.

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Catastrophes present leaders with complex and significant challenges that they have not previously experienced nor have had time to deeply analyse. Leaders must collaborate and demonstrate agility. To develop such leadership skills, it is useful to reflect on the experiences of people who have faced catastrophe before. This paper examines the leadership of Major General Alan Stretton AO, CBE in the aftermath of Cyclone Tracy in 1974. Alan Stretton’s personal accounts and archival interviews with other leaders were reviewed as source material. These showed that he demonstrated decisiveness and courage and ‘over-responded’ if necessary. He worked collaboratively with community leaders and acted in a confident, empathetic and reassuring manner. He led with agility and with a focus on an overarching plan. He prioritised communication with the community and negotiated political challenges. Lessons from this experience can help to guide leaders who may be called on to lead during times of future disaster events.

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Lissauer, Jack J. "Dynamical effects of cometary bombardment of Saturn’s rings and moons." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 83 (1985): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100083901.

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Extended AbstractSaturn’s ring particles and airless moons are exposed to a large flux of interplanetary debris, principally comets and comet dust. Collisions with this debris are responsible for both physical and dynamical changes in objects orbiting about Saturn. Physical changes include cratering of large bodies and catastrophic disruption of small bodies. Dynamical changes, which are analyzed in this paper, include orbital alteration (principally of ring particles) and changes in spin state (which are only important for moons, as ring particle spins are continually altered by mutual collisions).Saturn’s rings are rapidly being eroded by impacts of hypervelocity meteoroids in cometary orbits. Ejecta from these impacts will, in most cases, remain in orbit about Saturn and eventually be reaccreted by the rings, possibly at a different radial location. The resulting mass transport has been suggested as the cause of some of the features observed in Saturn’s rings (see Durisen 1984 for a review). Previous attempts to model this transport have used numerical simulations which have not included effects of angular momentum transport coincident with this mass transport. I have developed an analytic model for ballistic mass transport in Saturn’s rings. The model includes the effects of angular momentum advection and shows that the net material movement due to the combined effects of mass and angular momentum transport is roughly half that calculated when angular momentum advection is ignored. See Lissauer (1984) for further details.All of Saturn’s mid-sized moons are rotating synchronously with their orbital period; thus, the same hemisphere of these moons always faces the planet, and the same point is always at the center of the satellite’s leading hemisphere (the apex). The satellites orbit Saturn with velocities ranging from 14 km/sec for Mimas to 8.5 km/sec for Rhea and 3.3 km/sec for Iapetus. These speeds are a significant fraction of the encounter velocities between comets and the Saturn system (~ 10−25 km/sec); thus, due to a type of “windshield effect” (more raindrops hit the windshield of a moving car than hit the rear window), more comets will collide with the moons’ leading hemispheres than with their trailing hemispheres; also, higher relative velocities between comets and the moons will lead to larger craters for impacts by comets of a given mass on the leading hemispheres. The combination of these effects suggests that regions of the satellites’ surfaces near the apex should be much more heavily cratered than regions near the antapex (Shoemaker and Wolfe 1982). Such a major cratering asymmetry has not been observed (Plescia and Boyce 1983). A similar situation exists for Jupiter’s moons Ganymede and Callisto (Passey and Shoemaker 1982).McKinnon (1981) suggested that stochastic reorientation of the moons by impact-induced “spinup” during the establishment of the cratering record tended to equilibrate the crater densities between hemispheres. I have re-examined the dynamics of this problem, and I conclude that most impacts large enough to have caused “spinup” would have catastrophically disrupted the moons in question (Lissauer 1985).

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Lambert, Frank. "The St Vincent parrot, an endangered Caribbean bird." Oryx 19, no. 1 (January 1985): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300019529.

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The future of the St Vincent parrot is seriously threatened. It is still captured for the pet trade, its forest habitat is being destroyed and the remnant populations are subject to natural catastrophes. In 1979 Mt Soufrière, the island's active volcano, erupted and many parrots died from the effects of toxic gases. In 1980 Hurrican Allen damaged forest in the east of the island. In 1982 the ICBP, concerned about the effect of these incidents on an already precarious parrot population, promoted an expedition from the University of East Anglia to investigate and FFPS was among those that helped finance it.

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KÖLBL-EBERT, MARTINA. "A GENTLE GRADUALIST IN A CATASTROPHISTS’ WORLD: REINHOLD SEEMANN’S TECTONIC THEORY OF RIES IMPACT CRATER (GERMANY)." Earth Sciences History 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.161.

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ABSTRACT The German geologist Reinhold Seemann (1888–1975), curator at the Wurttemberg natural history collections in Stuttgart, focussed most of his scientific work on the younger Tertiary north of the Alps. After 1936 he became especially interested in the Nordlinger Ries, an enigmatic geological structure in Southern Germany, which at that time was considered by most geologists to have originated through a volcanic catastrophe, but in the 1960s was to be reinterpreted as an impact crater. Seemann, however, adhered to a gradualist theory of Ries Basin genesis throughout his life, regarding the abundant broken and fragmented debris at Ries Basin as tectonic breccias, crushed by a hypothetical subterranean ‘wedge’ of rock slowly moving north, pushed by pressure built-up during alpine orogenesis and surfacing at the Ries area. As his correspondence with his younger colleague Helmut Holder shows, Seemann’s tectonic alternative was motivated strongly by his philosophical attitude preferring even wildly speculative and complex processes—as long as they acted gently and gradually—over any violent, catastrophic explanations however well-founded. His philosophy may have been influenced by his personal experience with two world wars, leading to his preference and campaigning for a gentle view of geological processes.

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Simpson, Hannah. "Samuel Beckett and the Nobel Catastrophe." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd’hui 30, no. 2 (September 24, 2018): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-03002013.

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Abstract Suzanne Beckett’s shocked response to the news of her husband’s Nobel Prize has gone down in history: it was, she declared, “a catastrophe.” This paper follows Suzanne’s lead and reads Beckett’s 1982 play Catastrophe as Beckett’s reaction to his receipt of the Nobel Prize. Catastrophe is not only Beckett’s meditation on his painful experience of media exposure and institutional manipulation; it is also his caustic response to the Swedish Academy labelling him an “idealistic” writer of “compassion” and “inner purification.”

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Abramson, Glenda. "Hurban—Responses to Catastrophe in Hebrew Literature." Journal of Jewish Studies 37, no. 1 (April 1, 1986): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/1273/jjs-1986.

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Cranley, John J. "Massive pulmonary embolism[mdash ]Catastrophe or blessing?" Journal of Vascular Surgery 3, no. 4 (April 1986): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mva.1986.avs0030577.

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Littooy, Fred N., and William H. Baker. "Acute aortic occlusion[mdash ]A multifaceted catastrophe." Journal of Vascular Surgery 4, no. 3 (September 1986): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mva.1986.avs0040211.

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36

Terri Ginsberg. "Film Review of 1948: Creation and Catastrophe." Arab Studies Quarterly 40, no. 1 (2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/arabstudquar.40.1.0073.

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De Ville de Goyet, Claude. "International Military-Civilian Collaboration Potential for Disaster Aid in Latin America." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032568.

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Latin American and Caribbean countries have been affected by many natural disasters in past decades. Earthquakes caused in Peru (1970) approximately 70,000 deaths, in Nicaragua (1972) 5,000 deaths while destroying the capital, Managua, and in Guatemala (1976) 22,000. Hurricanes also wreak havoc: hurricane Fifi in Honduras (1974) with 10,000 deaths, hurricane David (1979), and hurricane Allen in Saint Lucia, Haiti and Jamaica (1980), have amply demonstrated the high vulnerability of these countries to emergency situations. These catastrophes and many other smaller ones required that all resources of the nation, governmental or private, military or civilian, be mobilized in a coordinated manner to meet the emergency needs of the population.

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Saʾdi, Ahmad H. "After the Catastrophe: A Reading of Manna’s Nakba and Survival." American Historical Review 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa188.

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Abstract Adel Manna’s Nakba and Survival: The Story of the Palestinians Who Remained in Haifa and the Galilee, 1948–1956 appeared in Arabic and Hebrew 2016–2017. Manna’s book gives voice to the experience of the first generation of Palestinians living within the State of Israel. Here, four scholars of Palestinian and Israeli history review Nakba and Survival and weigh its importance for reckoning with the entangled history of the creation of Israel and the related dispossession of Palestinians during and after 1948.

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Fabbrini, Ricardo Nascimento. "Images of the Catastrophe." Revista de Filosofia Moderna e Contemporânea 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rfmc.v9i3.42994.

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O artigo investiga a partir do livro “Imagens apesar de tudo”, de Georges Didi-Huberman, publicado originalmente em 2004, quatro fotografias remanescentes do Crematório V de Auschwitz-Birkenau, realizadas em agosto de 1944, pelo judeu grego Alberto Errera, membro do Sonderkommando. Destaca-se que é o seu gesto fotográfico investido do mais intenso sentido emocional (páthos) que atribui às suas imagens um caráter indicial que opera efetivamente como testemunho (superstes) permitindo imaginar o que é tido como “inimaginável” pelos “metafísicos do Holocausto”. Reagindo à tese da impossibilidade da representação das câmaras de gás, segundo a qual toda tentativa de configurá-las seria um falseamento do sofrimento por concessão à estetização, o artigo afirma que é preciso saber o que for possível, o que quer que seja sobre a dor que lá teve lugar. Evidencia-se, ainda, que são as “zonas de opacidade” das fotos de Alberto Errera que, ao veicularem o páthos, ativam a imaginação e forçam o pensamento do fruidor. É seu “desenquadramento” que, mobilizando o olhar sem parar, do ícone ao índice e deste àquele, não opera como interdição, mas, ao contrário, é o que dá a ver e saber algo mais sobre o que lá se deu. Por fim, conclui-se que o gesto de Alberto Errera transformou o “real histórico”, feito de horror e levante, em possibilidade de memória para o futuro, recorrendo tão somente a um resto de celuloide.

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Osipov, A. I. "The Origins of Catastrophe and Our Last Mohicans. Hegumen Nikon (Vorobyov)." Orthodoxia, no. 4 (January 10, 2024): 30–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2023-4-30-57.

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This article narrates the life journey, theological ideas, and pastoral practices of one of the eminent Orthodox ascetics in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church — Hegumen Nikon (Vorobyov) (1894–1963). In his youth, influenced by the spirit of the time, he was initially an atheist, fervently studied various sciences and philosophy. However, not finding what he sought in philosophy, he ardently turned to faith. In the “borderline state”, his soul experienced a somersault, and God revealed Himself to the one who sought Him with all the strength of his soul. In Minsk in 1930, Nikolai took monastic vows. He was given the name in honor of Hegumen Nikon of Radonezh, and later was ordained as a hieromonk. At that time of persecutions, this step was a true renunciation of the world and a direct path to Golgotha. In 1944, he was appointed the abbot of the Annunciation Cathedral in the city of Kozelsk. Here, he lived in an apartment held bynuns and kept a truly ascetic lifestyle. In a small room, he spent all his free time in prayer. His sermons made a strong impression on the believers, as he explained the Gospel, taught how to pray correctly, what humility and repentance meant as the foundations of spiritual life. In 1948, Father Nikon began to be driven from one parish to another: initially transferred to Belyov, then to Efremov, and further to Smolensk. His excellent sermons made many people restless, including, quite often, his fellow brethren. In 1948, from Smolensk, he was sent to the city of Gzhatsk (now Gagarin) — according to the father, in exile. Father Nikon led a strict monastic life. He had the gift of unceasing prayer, which was discovered accidentally. Hegumen Nikon’s constant readings included patristic writings, the Fathers of the Philokalia, the lives of saints, sermons, expoundings, and rarely — scientific, theological and philosophical works. Especially diligently and constantly he re-read and studied the works of St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov), whom, being a truly spiritual father, he strongly recommended to all his spiritually close ones. The essence of his instructing was beautifully expressed in his letters, which were repeatedly published under various titles: “Repentance Is Left to Us”, “Letters on Spiritual Life”, “Give Heed to Yourself”, and others. He spoke and wrote about the essence of the Savior’s preaching, calling for spiritual and moral self-change through recognizing the damaged nature of humanity and its inability to heal itself from passions, primarily from the most foolish one — pride. Through this self-awareness, true repentance could be accomplished, turned to Christ the Savior, Who heals us.

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Roger, Philippe. "Un second Courrières : la catastrophe minière du 19 avril 1948." Revue du Nord 414, no. 1 (2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdn.414.0113.

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Kamen, Charles S. "After the catastrophe I: the Arabs in Israel, 1948–51." Middle Eastern Studies 23, no. 4 (October 1987): 453–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263208708700721.

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Kamen, Charles S. "After the catastrophe II: the Arabs in Israel, 1948–51." Middle Eastern Studies 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 68–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263208808700730.

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44

Pavlovskiy, A. F., and A. Yu Pavlovskaya. "Suffering and Survival in Besieged Leningrad: A Sociologist’s View on the History of a Humanitarian Catastrophe." Modern History of Russia 13, no. 4 (2023): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.407.

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The subject of the review is a book by American sociologist Jeffrey Hass devoted to the history of the survival and suffering of civilians in besieged Leningrad in 1941–1944. Exploring the strategies of survival, the political and bureaucratic control of the Leningrad authorities, the gender and class dimension of blockade survival, as well as the discursive framework by which the Leningraders explained and comprehended the humanitarian catastrophe that happened to them (theodicy of war), Hass, unlike most historians of the blockade, uses the sociological approach of P. Bourdieu, describing the wartime everyday life of Leningrad through the prism of the concepts “capital”, “habitus” and “field”. Based on an impressive body of blockade ego-documents and official reports, the sociologist wonders why the Leningraders acted in the catastrophic conditions of the blockade in one way or another, what social mechanisms were behind their suffering, resistance, opportunism and ethical choice. Appreciating the book of Hass, the authors of the review consider it a methodological breakthrough in the modern historiography of the siege of Leningrad and hope for the speedy translation of this book into Russian. If for Russian historians of war the book Wartime Survival and Suffering will become a model of a rigorous theory and methodology for studying the wartime everyday life of civilians, then sociologists will be able to see how productive for the social theory may be the study of ego-documents, personal testimonies describing the survival of the inhabitants of a huge city in the conditions of a humanitarian catastrophe and an unprecedented military siege.

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Hickin, Edward J., and Henry M. Sichingabula. "The geomorphic impact of the catastrophic October 1984 flood on the planform of Squamish River, southwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-105.

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Small-format aerial photography of Squamish River just prior to and immediately following the October 1984 flood of record forms the basis of a quantitative evaluation of floodplain erosion and construction during this extreme event. Channel changes in 1984 are compared with those determined from sequential aerial photography at various other times since 1947 and associated with less extreme flooding.Depending on the type of river planform, the degree of channel change during the 1984 flood varied from a relatively minor response to a major reorganization of the channel. Despite its large size, the 1984 flood accomplished little more floodplain modification in the meandering and transitional semibraided reaches than had previous smaller floods of similar duration. In general, greater erosion was accomplished here by relatively small but longer duration flood events. In contrast, in the braided reach the 1984 flood caused floodplain erosion and major reorganization of the channel to an extent previously unrecorded, apparently here exceeding a threshold for channel stability. For all reaches, variation in floodplain erosion among sites was greater than at-a-site variation in erosion related to flood history.

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46

Ibrahim, Musaab Natiq, and Wasan Ali Hasan. "Catastrophic Ecological Projections in J.G. Ballard's The Drought." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 30, no. 4, 1 (April 15, 2023): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.30.4.1.2023.23.

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James G. Ballard (1930-2009) is regarded as a strong critic of materialism and commercialization amid rapid industrialization and is connected with a new generation of dystopian fiction for creating a largely post-apocalyptic world. In his work, he speculates on the type of catastrophe that would befall humanity as a consequence of modifications in the inhuman ecosystem due to contamination and industrialization. Ballard attempts to highlight the impact of human actions on nonhumans and environmental catastrophes on humankind by producing apocalyptic books in which the planet is wrecked by drought, floods, windstorms, or crystalline lattice. Ballard depicts a desolate world intimidated by a drastic climatic transition in The Drought (1965), a dystopian narrative that was first authored in 1964 under the headline The Burning World. This was caused by the worldwide discharge of toxic substances and manufacturing effluents into river systems and ocean water, which prevented rain and evapotranspiration due to an oceanic sheet of plastic. This paper seeks to examine The Drought as an ecology apocalypse that examines the interaction between humanity and nature. To accomplish this, the Eco criticism concept will be used in Larchmont, a waterfront community on the U.S. east coastline, where a 10 years drought is taking place.

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Scanlon, Joseph. "Not on the Record: Disasters, Records and Disaster Research." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 14, no. 3 (November 1996): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709601400301.

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It is conventional wisdom that record keeping falls apart in disasters. Yet that is not documented in the research record. Drabek's (1986) exhaustive review of empirical studies has no reference to records. Quarantelli's (1983) work focused on a narrow subset of records: medical records in mass casualty situations. There are, in fact, problems with records and disasters. Some records wrich would be useful have never been made. Others are lost or damaged, inadequate or inaccurate. Even backups may not be available. There is also a problem with toxicity. The increasing links between humans and toxic events raise issues about the safety of records after an incident. This paper explores the types of records that would be useful to have about disasters and looks at how they should, or could, be created. Attention is also given to the question of records research strategies, as a means for—among other things—tapping the knowledge of disaster research pioneers before their information is lost. Knowledge will grow scientifically only after the most faithful examination of many catastrophes. But it must be realized that the data of the greatest value is left offtimes unrecorded, and fades rapidly from the social memory. Samuel Henry Prince. Catastrophe and Social Change

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Sokolova, Sofiia. "Formation of Alternative Reality in Totalitarian Society: mythologization of Chornobyl Catastrophe in 1986." Journal of Modern Science 41, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/jms/110493.

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Kuo, Ying-Hwa, Linsheng Cheng, and Richard A. Anthes. "Mesoscale Analyses of the Sichuan Flood Catastrophe, 11–15 July 1981." Monthly Weather Review 114, no. 11 (November 1986): 1984–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<1984:maotsf>2.0.co;2.

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Doumanis, Nicholas. "The Age of Catastrophe: A History of the West, 1914-1945." Australian Journal of Politics & History 62, no. 3 (September 2016): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12293.

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