Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Catalyse plasma'
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Jia, Zixian. "Elaboration des matériaux composites nanostructurés Ag, Au/TiO² pour la dépollution des effluents gazeux avec une activation par plasma." Thesis, Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132050.
Full textDuring this Phd work, we have developed a plasma-catalytic process of acetaldehyde removal using a diphasic process coupling a nano-structured catalyst and an atmospheric pressure plasma. The elaboration of the nanoparticulate catalyst has been firstly studied. Then its performance coupling with plasma has been investigated. The monodispersed titanium-oxo-alkoxy nanoparticles are generated in the sol-gel reactor with turbulent micromixing and deposited onto glass plates or glass balls as monolayer nanocoatings. The silver and gold deposition is achieved by the ions reduction at UV-A light illumination. The photocatalytic growth kinetics and nanoparticle morphology are studied experimentally by the TEM, SEM and AFM methods. It’s also interesting to discuss the mechanism of the nanoparticles formation and evaluate its quantum efficiency. The drawn conclusions are supported theoretically through the calculation of the absorption spectra. Then the efficiency of the process coupling a dielectric barrier discharge and a fluidized nanostructured silver and gold based bed for the degradation of a model pollutant (acetaldehyde CH₃ CHO) is studied. In the first part, the efficiency of the plasma alone process is discussed, in terms of pollutant removal and CO and CO₂ production. In the second part, CH₃ CHO removal as well as COx production is studied as a function of the photocatalytic reduction time of Ag⁺ and Au³⁺ ions, which is related to the deposited silver and gold mass. The pollutant removal pathways, including homogeneous chemistry in the plasma phase and heterogeneous chemistry on the surface, are discussed. Finally, the production of main by-products is presented and compared between Ag and Au catalysts
Baudin, François. "Catalyse de NOx assistée par plasma "non thermique"." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066416.
Full textNguyen, Dinh Minh Tuan. "Oxydation totale du trichloroéthylène par procédé catalyse post-plasma." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10182/document.
Full textThis study concerns the innovative post-plasma catalysis process for abatement of low levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) in gaseous exhausts at atmospheric pressure and at the lowest operating temperature of the catalyst. The aim is to find an alternative to the conventional VOCs remediation methods which are not adapted in these conditions. The Non Thermal Plasma (NTP) reactor used in this work is a direct current luminescent glow discharge multipins to plate reactor. Although attractive for TCE decomposition due to its ease of use and its low operating cost, it leads however to incomplete VOC oxidation. The catalyst must overcome the weaknesses of NTP. Adding a manganese oxide type catalyst downstream the NTP reactor at 150°C even at room temperature significantly increases the effectiveness of the process. It has been shown that the best catalytic formulations lower the inhibiting factors of water and are efficient catalysts for ozone decomposition
Sonar, Shilpa. "Abatement of toluene through storage-regeneration sequential process : application of thermal and plasma assisted catalytic regeneration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR064.
Full textToluene is a toxic volatile organic compound (VOC) present in indoor and outdoor environments. The abatement of toluene is typically done by adsorption or catalytic oxidation. In the latter case, toluene is converted into CO2 and H2O, but toxic species can build up on catalysts, causing poisoning, deactivation, and sintering. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose innovative “storage-regeneration” hybrid processes based on sequential adsorption-thermal catalytic oxidation (ATC) and sequential adsorption-plasma catalysis (APC). These processes are divided into two steps: “storage step” where gaseous toluene adsorbed on the surface of material and “oxidation step” where the adsorbed toluene species is catalytically converted into CO2 and H2O in thermal or plasma environment. ATC process was tested on commercial Hopcalite (CuMnOx), Ceria-NR and UiO-66-SO3H. Hopcalite stands out from others owing to its high “useful” adsorption capacity and redox properties, allowing a high activity and CO2 selectivity in toluene oxidation. In APC process, the powder morphology and lack of synergy effect in Ceria-NR and UiO-66-SO3H does not allow to generate stable plasma. Thus only Hopcalite has been studied in depth in APC. It is observed that the oxidation activity of the adsorbed toluene is significantly affected by the process variables. The stability of material was investigated in both cases, and it was confirmed that Hopcalite materials are very stable as evidenced by various characterization techniques. The catalytic activity was enhanced by impregnating active phase such as silver which led to improvement in the CO2 selectivity and CO2 yield at very low silver loading in both ATC and APC. A thorough examination of the material revealed that a good balance of adsorption capacity and catalytic activity (Cu2+,3+ and Mn3+,4+) is required. Moreover, the energy cost of APC is in the range of acceptable level (11.6 kWh·m−3) as a result with further optimization in different experimental parameters, it can be easily scalable in cost-effective manner. Both ATC and APC allow to reach toluene abatement efficiency and conversion to CO2 above 95 % on first run and 75% on stabilized materials. These results show that both ATC and APC process could be a promising energy-efficient toluene abatement processes and open the path for further development and scale-up
Bouchoul, Nassim. "Valorisation du dioxyde de carbone par couplage plasma non-thermique et catalyse." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/62720/2019-Bouchoul-Nassim-These.
Full textThe two main greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are carbon dioxide and methane. Within the context of the current environmental crisis, it has become vital to find a method to valorise these gases. Therefore, this thesis has been conducted to be a part of this process: CO2 and CH4 valorisation. To this end, dry reforming of methane was carried out by coupling non-thermal plasma and catalysts. Metal-based catalysts, such as Ni/Al2O3, are usually used for plasma-catalyst. However, the results are often dissimilar, and even contradictory, as far as conversions and selectivities are concerned. In order to better understand the reasons behind this heterogeneity, the influence of the nature of the solid was studied. For this purpose, metal oxides, such as γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, MgO, CaO, La2O3, ZnO, CeO2, SiO2, BaO, TiO2, and a zeolite, were selected because of their respective physicochemical properties (permittivity, acidity, basicity, specific surface). These oxides were submitted to identical tests with identical operational conditions, e.g. a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD), 8W power (800 Hz frequency, 13 and 16 kV tension), a total output of 40 mL.min-1 and a CH4/CO2=0,5 ratio.The study of the physical characteristics of catalysts highlighted the impact of the material’s permittivity or of the size of its grains on the discharge. A high dielectric constant hindered the reaction. When TiO2 (εr=2903) was found in the discharge, it led to a decline in CH4 and CO2 conversions, as they decreased from respectively 20 and 9% without catalyst, to 5 and 2% with TiO2. Furthermore, when grains were too large, there was less surface accessible to plasma, which led to a fall in the reagents’ conversions. Indeed, they dropped from respectively 30 and 15% for CH4 and CO2 for small-sized grains (250-355µm), to 24 and 11% for the largest grains (800-1000µm). In addition to this, the study of the catalysts’ chemical properties showed how basicity influenced the conversions of carbon dioxide. It seemed that when there was a great number of basic sites in a solid, CO2 adsorption was likely to be better. Furthermore, a more detailed study was carried out by coupling calcium oxide with non-thermal plasma. Indeed, the former does not only have a low permittivity, but also a high number of basic sites. Structural and textural modifications appeared after plasma. This was shown by examining the influence of the CH4/CO2 ratio and of the temperature on CaO. When there was a CH4/CO2 = 2 ratio, for a temperature of 300°C, the production of water (reverse water-gas shift reaction) tended to result in the formation of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3.When water (0,1g.h-1) was added to the reaction mixture, CaO hydroxylation and Ca(OH)2 carbonatation were observed. Furthermore, hydrated calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2+ 18% H2O) carbonatation is more likely to occur under plasma. The analysis of gases at the outlet by a mass spectrometer revealed an oscillatory phenomenon associated with CO2 adsorption. A reaction pathway, during which CO2 and H2O adsorption and elimination occur successively, was therefore put forward. A low-energy plasma (4W) is likely to cause carbonatation, as the solid is originally composed of 0,9Ca(OH)2, 0,9 H2O, 0,1 CaCO3, and is made of 0,1Ca(OH)2, 0,9CaCO3 after plasma. Thus, applying a non-thermal plasma seems to encourage CO2 diffusion at the core of Ca(OH)2+ 18% H2O. Carbonatation is a method to store CO2 but it is a slow process, which is often hindered by CO2 diffusion. In this study, plasma was proved to be a highly interesting process, provided that its efficiency could be increased
Sauce, Sonia. "Etude des mécanismes d’activation d’un catalyseur nanostructuré Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ dans un environnement plasma lors de la décomposition d’un COV modèle : l'acétaldéhyde." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD079/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the surface phenomena which occur when combining a homogeneous phase process – governed by the chemistry of a non-thermal plasma – and a heterogeneous phase process – controlled by the chemistry taking place on the surface of a nanostructured Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ material – during acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) removal.It has been shown that acetaldehyde can be removed up to 100 % with a 168 J.L-1 SIE consumption, by using the diphasic process. In these conditions, CH₃CHO is converted into 60 % of COx. Such efficiency is not achieved when using the homogeneous and heterogeneous phase processes alone. Thus, the physico-chemical phenomena occurring in the diphasic process allow a higher CH₃CHO removal compared to the whole kinetics involved in the homogeneous and heterogeneous phase processes alone. So as to understand which physico-chemical processes are involved in this synergistic effect, the study of the acetaldehyde/surface interaction has been started, by Diffuse-Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), in this thesis. The acetaldehyde adsorption modes on the Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ surface, without plasma, have been pointed out. Moreover, the effect of bringing a thermal energy source or an oxidizing species (like ozone) on adsorbed acetaldehyde has been evaluated
Alloncle, Guillaume. "Analyse directe de catalyseur par couplage ablation LASER : spectrométrie d'émission atomique dans un plasma à couplage induit." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10247.
Full textInorganic analyses are compulsory in heterogeneous catalysis. Classical techniques are time consuming, especially for alumina or silica matrixes, because of mineralization step. Direct analysis of solids by coupling laser ablation to ICP-AES appears as a promising alternative to XRF or ICP, with a total analysis time of few minutes. Laser ablation, affected by fractionation effects, requires knowledge of mechanisms occurring during ablation. Accurate quantitative analyses require a sufficient matrix matching between samples and standards. The purpose of this work is the evaluation of LA-ICP-AES coupling for the direct analysis of heterogeneous catalysts and the understanding of mechanisms involved. Results, obtained on different kind of catalysts, show that analytical performances in terms of linearity, repeatability and accuracy are significantly improved with the use of an internal standard and are comparable with XRF. Nevertheless, significant bias appears when samples and standards matrixes differ significantly. The study of mechanisms involved in the ablation of catalysts showed that the aerosol transported to the ICP is generated from the vaporization if the sample and its condensation into highly crystalline nano-particles and microparticles. Chemical composition of the aerosol revealed the occurrence of fractionation of elements between the two particles types. Even if fractionation occurs, the use of LA-ICP-AES coupling into the field of heterogeneous catalysis is promising for the quick diagnostic by qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis with appropriate standards, and localized analysis for mapping
OUMGHAR, AHMED. "Valorisation du methane par un plasma d'air ou d'azote-couplage avec la catalyse heterogene." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066281.
Full textRahmani, Abdelkader. "Mise en oeuvre de procédé plasma–catalyse destiné à la valorisation du biogaz (CH4+CO2) en carburants liquides. Etude expérimentale et modélisations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD041.
Full textThis double culture thesis, merging geography and physics is achieved in the frame of the Energy Transition towards a model integrating biogas production potentials. It is devoted to the study of plasma-catalysis technology for reforming methane in the presence of carbon dioxide to liquid fuels. A geomatic study has been developed to map agricultural areas potentially producing biogas in France. The results reveal that cogeneration and injection of bio-methane into the gas network allows recovering only 43% of the total biogas potential from agricultural waste in France. The transformation of biogas into storable and transportable liquid fuels, using a device that can be installed in remote rural areas, would make more use of this potential. Plasma discharges allows developing sufficient reactivity to excite and dissociate the molecules of the biogas under the required conditions. A kinetic model has been developed to determine plasma parameters and temporal evolution of reactive species as well as biogas conversion processes. A Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge (SDBD) process was developed for the transformation of CH₄ and CO₂ mixture representative of the biogas. The main gaseous products are CO, H₂, C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ and the main liquid products, representing 3% to 8% of the transformed biogas mass, are methanol, isopropanol, ethanol and acetaldehyde. The energy efficiency depends on the operating parameters and varies between 2% and 9%. Specific Injected Energy is the most influential parameter on the energy efficiency of the process as well as on products distribution. The addition of water vapor, a precursor of active species such as: OH, O and O-, improves the conversion and allows obtaining energy consumption equal to 26 eV/molecule. Plasma-catalysis was also studied by the use of 12 solid catalysts. The Fluidized Spray Plasma process was used to develop catalysts such as X% CuO-Y% ZnO/Al₂O₃, TiO₂/SiO₂ and Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ by. These catalysts as well as catalysts made by other techniques have been characterized and tested in the SDBD reactor. The main result is that the nature of the catalyst does not affect the conversion of the biogas but it modifies liquid products composition. The best methanol selectivity was obtained using Pt/Al₂O₃ (made by polyol) followed by CuO/Al₂O₃ and then 60% Cu-40% ZnO/Al₂O₃
Baylet, Alexandre. "Oxydation du méthane à basse et haute température, application de procédés plasma et/ou catalyse." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/26682/2008-Baylet-Alexandre-These.pdf.
Full textThis research work deals with CH4 oxidation coming from road transport, CH4 being a well-known greenhouse gas, with CH4 removal from exhaust gas of Diesel engine. Total CH4 oxidation has been studied : - At low temperature by Plasma/Catalysis process : from all the systems tested, the combination of a coaxial DBD non-thermal plasma combined with Pd/Al2O3 catalyst in POST-plasma position allows to convert 30 % of CH4 with an energy of 225 J. L-1 (Q=600 mL. Min-1, N2/O2/CO2/H2O/0. 5%CH4, T=250 °C, H=150 mm) while minimising O3 production and avoiding NOx production. However, the power consumed (> kW) is too significant for prospective vehicle applications. - At low temperature on Pd/Al2O3 catalysts (light-off temperature) : the re-oxidation step of Pd° is faster on small particles but CH4 activation is more difficult due to stabilization of small PdO particles by the support. A series of reductant pulses (CH4 or C3H6) in isothermal conditions allows to activate the catalyst and to reach a maximum of conversion. - At high temperature on Pd/(modified oxide) catalysts (peak at high temperature) : (La, Sr, Ba, Mn) doped alumina preparation with a specific surface area of 50 m2. G-1 allows to reach 90 % of CH4 conversion at 700 °C and to maintain an excellent thermal stability. A Mars and van-Krevelen mechanism, with oxygen transfer from support to palladium particles is proposed in order to explain catalytic activity and thermal stability differences in comparison to the Pd/Al2O3 reference catalyst
Da, Silva Bradley. "Development of catalytic microreactors by plasma processes : application to wastewater treatment." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066447.
Full textA key aspect in overcoming the energy and environmental challenges is to improve the efficiency of existing and new processes. Nowadays, almost all major chemicals are produced by catalytic processes. However, a better understanding of the reaction pathways and kinetics is needed. In the field of wastewater treatment, catalytic ozonation is a typical example of this problem. In this study, catalytic microreactors were used as innovative analytical tools for the determination of kinetics of catalytic ozonation and were elaborated by using low pressure plasma processes for the deposition and activation of iron and oxide-based catalysts on polymer-based materials. Catalytic ozonation with pyruvic acid as a refractory probe compound was performed with both catalysts. HPLC measurements showed the inactivity of the iron oxide layer compared to the cobalt oxide one which led to 20 % of degradation. The effect was doubled when the latter was post-treated by an argon plasma, demonstrating the role and importance of the plasma post-treatment step. A numerical study dealing with the reactions taking place on the surface of the catalyst was carried out using the Comsol Multiphysics software and showed that the model partially fitted the experimental data due to the lack of information. However, access to the reactions rate constants of the intermediate species generated during the catalytic ozonation step could be achieved through the use of the Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy technique and would lead to an efficient tool to predict the relevance and the direction of future improvement strategies regarding catalyzed chemical reactions
Gumuchian, Diane. "Développement et étude d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée de traitement de l'eau pour composés organiques résistants par couplage plasma/catalyse." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066577/document.
Full textThis work enabled the development of a method of water treatment by plasma/catalysis coupling.The plasma treatments were carried out in two different reactors: a point/plane reactor and a dynamic reactor.Both reactors allow to control the gas atmosphere of the treatment. The feasibility of the degradation of aceticacid has been proven. Some processing parameters in the point/plane reactor (treatment gas, gas flow rate andfrequency of discharge) and the dynamic reactor (liquid phase flow, concentration of the pollutant and injectedpower) were studied.A modeling of the process using Comsol Multiphysics and Scilab softwares was conducted. It was possible toobserve the importance of the way active species (mainly hydroxyl radicals) are brought to the solution.A Co3O4 powder catalyst was studied in order to couple the plasma treatment with a catalytic treatment. Thus,manipulations of catalytic ozonation were conducted. They highlighted the efficiency of the catalyst for thedecomposition of pollutants.Finally, the plasma/catalysis coupling produced promising results, since it improved the decomposition ofpollutants.Possible improvements of the process could be to maximize the amount of high voltage electrodes and toredesign their shape (electrodes in parallel, plane geometry, etc.). Depositing a thin layer of catalyst on thegrounded electrode by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique has to be performed
Delagrange, Sophie. "Plasma hors-équilibre et catalyseur : du laboratoire au prototype, étude de l'élimination du toluène dans l'air." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2259.
Full textIn the last past years, much attention has been paid to the outdoor pollution, but only recently the international scientific community worried about contamination of the indoor air. The existing air cleaning processes are not well suited for the indoor air treatment. The use of a "non-thermal" plasma could answer to this need. The main target of this thesis is then to study the toluene oxidation by a process associating plasma and catalysis. Toluene is a Volatile Organic Compound characteristic of the indoor pollution. The non-thermal plasma alone can destroy the pollutants, however it does not lead to a complete oxidation and it could generate unwanted species (O3, NOx). The study of the toluene chemical transformation by a process using the plasma with a series of catalysts has pointed out that the toluene adsorbed over the support (-Al2O3, AC) was oxidized by reaction with the oxidizing species generated by the plasma, showing then the essential role played by the catalytic support. This phenomenon adds further to the direct toluene elimination by the plasma. The presence of an active phase such nanosized gold particles over the catalytic support allows, besides the CO oxidation into CO2, the ozone removal and the increase in toluene destruction. The system associating plasma and catalyst turns out to be very effective. This study at laboratory scale has been scaled up at real scale with the view to develop a plasma catalytic system for an industrial application : indoor air cleaning of a vehicle cabin. This work was carried out within the European program CLEANRCAB
O'Donnell, Benedict. "Plasma grown silicon nanowires catalysed by post-transition metals and applications in radial junction solar cells." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/76/15/66/PDF/ODonnell_-_PhD_2012.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, disordered arrays of vertical silicon nanowires are used to trap light in PECVD-deposited silicon solar cells. The abrupt surface which they present can absorb light efficiently and be manufactured in the same vacuum run as the other layers of the cell, offering the prospect of dispensing with the additional fabrication steps conventionally required to texture the substrates of thin-film photovoltaics. Drops of liquid tin and indium, designed to catalyze the growth of silicon nanowires, were deposited and rearranged on transparent conducting oxide substrates under vacuum to obtain metal drop configurations with diameters and densities spanning several orders of magnitude. In discussing the suitability of different metals to catalyze the growth of silicon nanowires, we have highlighted distinctions between the behavior of transition and non-transition metals for vapor-liquid-solid growth and studied in particular the case of silicon nanowires catalyzed by tin. Nanowires doped P-type with the appropriate morphology were covered in conformal layers of intrinsic and N-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon, and an indium-tin-oxide electrical contact to produce networks of 107 radial PIN junctions connected over areas of 3. 1 mm². Optimizing the fabrication process of these devices has led to open-circuit voltages of 0. 8 V and short-circuit currents of 13 mA/cm². The cells are deposited over untextured substrates using techniques which are compatible with a single pump-down process. Their ability to trap light rivals that of established texturing techniques and their performance comes close to that of planar PIN structures
Ye, Zhiping. "Plasma-catalytic processes with copper manganese oxide catalysts for the abatement of volatile organic compounds." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10219.
Full textRelease of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) laden air into the environment contributes to the formation of tropospheric ozone, photochemical smog, enhancing the greenhouse effect and the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. Moreover, most of them are hazardous for human being. Non-thermal plasma techniques (NTPs) offer interesting perspectives for the removal of low concentrations of pollutants in air at high flow rates. However undesired by–product formation hinders its use in industrial applications. In contrast, the combination of NTP with a selective catalyst (plasma–catalysis) can be an attractive alternative. An overview of the present state of knowledge using MnOx based catalysts for toluene abatement in post-plasma catalysis (PPC) configuration is first of all herein given. Toluene decomposition in moist air with glass beads packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cylindrical reactor alone, first step before combining it with a catalyst, has been studied and the role of water has been clarified. Concomitantly toluene total oxidation has been investigated on CuMnOx catalysts prepared by recent synthesis routes. These catalysts were finally integrated in a post-plasma catalysis PPC configuration using a 10-pin-to-plate negative DC corona discharge to be tested in trichloroethylene (TCE) abatement. For each process of VOC abatement used herein, the advantages and drawbacks have been particularly highlighted
Ayrault, Cécile. "Oxydation catalytique de composés organiques volatils (COV) par un procédé associant un plasma froid et un catalyseur." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2260.
Full textThese works fit in the frame of the cleaning-up atmosphere and smell nuisances. The elimination of those VOC can be reached through few pathways, catalytic oxidation being a very efficient technique. Our study concerns the elimination of a smells model molecule: the 2-heptanone. Its catalytic oxidation was studied through base metal oxide or noble metal catalysts supported on a honeycomb monolith. We reported that a platinum-based catalyst was very effective at 200ʿC. The joint use of non-thermal plasma and a catalyst lead the system to work at the environment temperature, with a remarkable effectiveness. More systems associating non-thermal plasma with a catalyst have been studied and characterized (energy balance and elimination effectiveness). However, the ozone formation analyzed through these kinds of systems needs the use of ozone-destruction catalyst, for an eventual domestic application. Finally, these works lead to the elaboration of an industrial prototype, whose development is fat-forward at the moment
Li, Di. "Direct synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons by plasma-catalysis from syngas and CH4-CO2 mixtures." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM059.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and the direct conversion of CO2 and CH4 into value-added liquid products by a process coupling non-thermal plasma and heterogeneous catalysis. A coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-catalytic reactor was designed and tested in this thesis with its analysis and diagnostic devices. The reactor operates under ambient conditions, the catalyst and its support are under the form of granules packaged in the reactor. The support is in silica aerogel and was synthesized by surface treatment and ambient drying. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the experimental study of plasma-catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In this chapter, the experiments were first conducted in plasma alone without catalyst, paying particular attention to the influence of the gas flow rate, the H2/CO ratio and the electrical excitation frequency on the syngas conversion. Then, in a second step, the catalyst/support couple (Co/SiO2) was introduced into the reactor in order to study the results of the conversion under plasma-catalytic combination. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with the direct plasma-catalytic conversion of CO2 and CH4 into liquid products and syngas. In Chapter 4, the same approach as in Chapter 3 was used, a comparative study of experiments with and without catalyst was done. The two catalyst/support couples used successively in this chapter are Co/SiO2 and Fe/SiO2. Chapter 5 extends the study by proposing a plasma-catalytic combination with two catalysts at the same time. The effects of packing composite catalysts (Co/SiO2 or Fe/SiO2 with HZSM-5, Co/HZMS-5 and Fe/HZSM-5) were studied. The combination of catalysts has made it possible to increase the liquid products selectivity and to produce new liquid products compared to Chapter 4. Thus alcohols, carboxylic acids and C5+ hydrocarbons were synthesized. The thesis ends with a comparison of the results with those of the literature from close processes; energy efficiency and gross productivity were compared. Some possible ways of reaction have also been proposed to initiate a more theoretical reflection. Finally, recommendations for optimization/improvement of FTS and direct conversion of CO2/CH by plasma-catalytic route are provided and discussed
Mericam, bourdet Nicolas. "Recherche d'optimisation énergétique d'un réacteur plasma froid de traitement d'effluents gazeux chargés en composés organiques volatils à pression atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765461.
Full textIacono, Johnathan. "Etude de l'interaction entre un matériau haute température et un plasma de CO2 pour la simulation de la rentrée sur Mars." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1254.
Full textRodrigues, Anthony. "Caractérisation des interactions entre un plasma non-thermique et des matériaux." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2288.
Full textThe interactions between the active species generated by a non thermal plasma and various material surfaces have been studied in this work. In a first part, biopolymers coming from biomass have been the subject of our investigations as they offer a great reservoir for a platform molecule, glucose, from which valuable chemicals can be generated. More specifically, the effects of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the structure and depolymerization of inulin, cellulose and starch were evaluated. For that purpose, the electrical and chemical characteristics of the plasma discharge were varied and their effects on the biopolymers evaluated in order to understand the reaction mechanisms. Our results showed that a plasma pre-treatment increased considerably the final monomer yield (in glucose and fructose) compared to the untreated starting material (84 and 54 % yield in glucose from plasma treated starch and cellulose, instead of 65 and 1 % for the same untreated samples). This effect could be partly explained by the depolymerization of the amorphous areas of the polymers by and acid attack within the plasma discharge.In a second part, the study focused on the removal of VOCs by coupling non-thermal plasma and inorganic materials. For this purpose, we designed and implemented an innovative apparatus. It consists of a plasma-catalyst reactor with controlled atmosphere that allows the analysis of the catalyst surface by IR spectroscopy (DRIFT). The decomposition of four VOCs (isopropanol, acetone, ethanol and toluene) adsorbed on different metallic oxides (y-Al2O3, CeO2 and TiO2) placed within the discharge area have been studied in situ using this method. The first results have enlightened the decomposition pathways of the different VOCs
Khacef, Ahmed. "Plasmas hors équilibre thermodynamique et applications : développement de sources UV-X, dépollution (DéNOx, DéCOV), et production de gaz de synthèse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198361.
Full textLe spectre des thèmes abordés est assez large et regroupe les études sur :
la cinétique réactionnelle du milieu actif du laser à excimère XeCl,
le développement de sources flash de rayonnement X,
les différents continua d'excimères de gaz rares à très haute pression (30 bars) excités par flash de rayonnement X,
la réduction des oxydes d'azote (deNOx) par association plasma-catalyse et oxydation des Composés Organiques Volatils (deCOV),
la production de gaz de synthèse et d'hydrogène à partir d'hydrocarbures, l'aide à la combustion des moteurs automobiles, et l'initiation de la réaction dite de "Water Gas Shift" pour la réduction du monoxyde de carbone par décharge à barrière diélectrique.
Berthet, Agnès. "Propriétés du palladium déposé par jet atomique et par pulvérisation plasma sur des supports réfractaires (SiC et Si3N4) : texture, structure et réactivité en catalyse." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10156.
Full textO'donnell, Benedict. "La croissance plasma de nanofils de silicium catalysée par l'étain et l'indium et applications dans les cellules solaires à jonctions radiales." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00761566.
Full textGulko, Ilya Dmitrievich. "Ns Pulse / RF Hybrid Plasmas for Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Assisted Catalysis Applications." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1598271986860656.
Full textJeon, Taewoo. "Cellules solaires hybrides à base de polymères et de nanofils de silicium fabriqués par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00917826.
Full textChen, Guoxing. "A study of microwave plasma-assisted CO2 conversion by plasma catalysis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/255888.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
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Rouffet, Benoît. "Etude d'un réacteur de post-décharge d'azote en flux dédié à la décontamination de l'instrumentation médicale : application à la détermination des probabilités de recombinaison hétérogène de l'azote atomique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/329/.
Full textThe current sterilizers (autoclaves, ethylene oxide sterilizers, gamma irradiation) are incompatible with the temperature materials increasingly used in medical instrumentation and with modern sanitary requirements imposed by standards rules. Plasma sterilization emerged as a possible alternative means in terms of power decontaminant, security of use for people and materials and production costs. Previous works made in our team showed good antibacterial effectiveness of post-discharge flow operating at low pressure in pure nitrogen and have identified the nitrogen atoms as the vehicle for decontamination. The optimization process involves a good understanding of the flow reactive post-discharge. In this thesis, a post discharge reactor was made to make a diagnosis on the concentration of nitrogen atoms (titration of nitrogen monoxide, laser-induced fluorescence), the gas temperature and the temperature of the substrate exposed. The maps obtained are then compared to those provided by a fluid three-dimensional CFD model of the reactor. For the pressure range studied (5-30 Torr), the disappearance of nitrogen atoms is mainly related to the processes of heterogeneous recombination at the gas / wall interface, characterized by the recombination probabilities gN. In literature, quantitative data on those probabilities are nonexistent or can differ by several orders of magnitude. Two methods, based on atomic density profiles measured in the vicinity of substrates introduced into the reactor and on surface temperature increase (related to the exothermic character of the heterogeneous recombination) have yielded the gN values for different materials. Finally, test results decontamination of small diameter tubing (d <1 cm) by the post discharge process are presented
Redolfi, Michaël. "Etude de l' Oxydation de différents types d'hydrocarbures par des procédés utilisant des techniques de déharges électriques non- thermiques à pression atmosphérique: application à la problématique du démarrage à froid." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358147.
Full textGicquel, Alix. "Etude des processus catalytiques heterogenes dans les milieux plasmas basse pression hors-equilibre." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066396.
Full textSarhid, Iyad. "Catalysis assisted by plasmon." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS227.
Full textMetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have many applications in catalysis. Some of them (gold, silver, copper) have a visible absorption resulting from the excitation of the surface plasmon by an external electromagnetic field. In this project, we propose to couple the catalytic properties of gold-based nanoparticles with their plasmon resonance properties in order to assist the catalytic reaction, in particular by the resulting thermal effect. This plasmon-assisted catalysis approach is general and can be used for a variety of exothermic and endothermic catalytic processes involving nanoparticles. This plasmon-assisted catalysis will make it possible to carry out catalytic reactions at lower energy cost under solar light
Ruddick, Victoria Jane. "Plasma versus thermal activation of the Phillips catalyst." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5346/.
Full textBouamra, Kahina. "Physico-chimie d'une décharge électrique impulsionnelle dans un mélange air iso-octane : application au reformage par association plasma-catalyseur." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112320.
Full textThis thesis deals with the hydrogen production (reforming), for use in a fuel-cell vehicle, from a hydrocarbon: iso-octane, using a non-equilibrium plasma coupled to a catalyst. This work is part of a PSA Peugeot Citroen and LPGP program. A Dielectric Barrier Discharge is used as a non-equilibrium plasma, with or without a reforming catalyst of iso-octane. The experiments show that characteristics of the electric discharge (voltage, current, energy) are dependent on the flowing gas temperature and the presence of water vapour. Plasma chemical decomposition of iso-octane is higher and increased with temperature: 80 % at ambient temperature and 280 J/l energy, 100 % at 600°C and 30 J/l. The conversion by-products are analysed outlet discharge and post-discharge, namely H₂, CO, CO₂, hydrocarbons, ketones and olefins. . . The formation of these molecules is explained using kinetic schemes for the oxidation of iso-octane. From 1000 ppm of iso-octane in 1 l/min of air, a few hundred ppm of hydrogen are measured. Lt's insufficient for an industrial application. In order to improve the plasma efficiency, a reforming rhodium-catalyst of iso-octane is coupled to the discharge. We showed that a plasma pretreatment of the gas at 80 J/l and 250°C induced a catalyst activation at a temperature below its normal minimal operating temperature
Wallis, Anna Elizabeth. "Plasma-catalysis for the removal of gaseous pollutants." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542752.
Full textEssakhi, Adil. "Réacteurs structurés pour réactions exothermiques : application à l’oxydation déshydrogénante du propane sur catalyseurs VOx/TiO2 déposés sur plaques et mousses en acier inox." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10012/document.
Full textThe heterogeneous catalyst V2O5/TiO2 is used industrially for the oxidation of o-xylene to phtalic anhydride. It has been the object of numerous works since more than thirty years and constitutes an interesting model solid/solid interface. It has also been studied for the exothermic reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. However, combustion reaction being favored, the selectivity to propylene decreases as conversion increases and is strongly dependent on temperature. Traditional fixed packed bed reactors do not allow a good dissipation of heat thus generating hot spots producing CO2 and rapid catalyst deactivation. We have tried to better control the heat transfer of this reaction by using a coated structured reactor. Stainless steel was chosen as structuring material due to its common use in industrial reactors and for its heat conductivity. The steps leading to mechanically, thermally and chemically stable coatings of V2O5/TiO2 on metallic substrates have been studied. To avoid poisoning of the active VOx phase by elements migrating from the substrate, a protective amorphous silica layer was deposited by Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. Coating parameters have first been determined for plane plates representative of reactor walls and then adapted to macroporous foam inserts. At all steps of preparation, the coatings have been characterized by several techniques (XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, Electron Probe Micro Analysis …). The catalytic properties have then been compared to V2O5/TiO2 powder catalysts in similar operating conditions. Using the structured reactor, yield in propylene could be increased by 50% at 10% conversion
Gallon, Helen Jennifer. "Dry reforming of methane using non-thermal plasma-catalysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dry-reforming-of-methane-using-nonthermal-plasmacatalysis(3d260efa-9f5a-4151-bdeb-14d92ea66f4a).html.
Full textCaillard, Amaël. "ELABORATION D'ELECTRODES DE PILES A COMBUSTIBLE PAR PLASMA." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150605.
Full textBinny, Dustin. "Plasma functionalization of graphene nanoflakes for non-noble catalyst in fuel cells." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117182.
Full textDeux obstacles majeurs limitent présentement la viabilité commerciale des piles à combustibles à membrane électrolyte polymérique (PEMFC), leurs prix et durée d'opération. La contribution la plus importante au coût élevé de ces systèmes est l'utilisation du platine (Pt) en tant que catalyseur, en particulier au niveau de la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène (ORR). Une activité de recherche intense à l'échelle internationale est en cours pour trouver une alternative de remplacement pour le platine; cette thèse s'inscrit dans cet effort. Certains matériaux tels les nanostructures à base de carbone fonctionalisées semblent prometteurs en tant que catalyseur pour la réaction ORR, en particulier de par leur bonne conductivité électrique et leur résistance à la dégradation en milieux acides ou alkalins. Les sites catalytiques dans ces matériaux sont établis par une fonctionalization spécifique à l'azote sur laquelle une coordination d'atomes de fer est ajoutée, formant ainsi des sites catalytiques dispersés à l'échelle atomique. Une poudre nanocrystalline a récemment été développée au Laboratoire de procédés plasmas (LPP) de l'Université McGill. Les particules formant cette poudre ont la forme de nanoflocons de graphene (NFG) formés par la superposition d'une dizaine de plans de graphène en moyenne, et ayant une extension spatiale de l'ordre de la centaine de nanomètres. Les bords de ces plans ont la réactivité et la structure nécessaire pour incorporer des fonctionalités à l'azote tout en maintenant la cristallinité des plans intacte. La grande cristallinité de ces matériaux leur donne une très bonne résistance à la corrosion et au milieux acide des PEMFC, et en font un candidat prometteur pour remplacer le platine.L'objectif de cette thèse et d'insérer une quantité important de fonctionalization à l'azote de forme pyridinique et quaternaire sur les bords des NFG afin de créer les sites catalytiques nécessaires pour la réaction ORR. Un plasma thermique à couplage inductif (ICP) est utilisé pour la dissociation du méthane à haute température, suivi d'une nucléation homogène des NFG dans les zones de trempe rapide du jet de plasma. La fonctionalization à l'azote est effectuée dans une deuxième phase du traitement en modifiant les paramètres d'opération du plasma afin de mettre à profit les espèces exitées et dissociés d'un plasma d'azote.Une fonctionalization à l'azote jusqu'à 33.4 at.%Ntotal est obtenue dans ce projet, cette valeur étant 2.6 fois supérieure au meilleur résultat obtenu dans la littérature pour le graphène fonctionalizé à l'azote, et même 67% supérieure au meilleur matériau carboné avec fonctionalité azote. Les fonctionalités à l'azote pyridinique et quaternaire constituent respectivement 8.2 at.%Npyrid et 4.9 at.%Nquat. Ces résultats sont obtenus en maintenant la structure NFG intacte, en particulier en maintenant leur crystallinité et sans l'introduction de défauts de structure ou d'impuretés pouvant diminuer la performance du matériau au niveau des applications. Une déposition in situ des NFG à l'intérieur du réacteur de synthèse sur une membrane de carbone telle qu'utilisée dans les piles à combustible a également été démontrée. Un bon ancrage du dépôt de NFG est observé sur la membrane, et une croissance colonnaire avec porosité ouverte du film montre des épaisseurs du film de NFG de l'ordre du micromètre. Ces films montrent également les propriétés requises pour la RRO, soit la porosité, l'homogénéité sur une grande surface, un bon contact dans tout le réseau de particules pour le transport électrique, et l'accessibilité aux sites catalytiques. Les propriétés obtenues semblent en fait inégalée par les encres de particules catalytiques utilisées couramment pour la fabrication de la couche catalytique. Cette déposition in situ semble donc prometteuse et originale pour établir une nouvelle méthode de production de l'assemblage membrane-électrodes dans la fabrication des piles à combustibles du type PEM.
Leray, Alexis. "Identification des mécanismes physico-chimiques impliqués dans le post-traitement plasma des gaz d'échappement et études comparatives des différentes technologies plasma." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2049.
Full textThe new HCCI combustion mode is well adapted to improve nitrogen oxide and particulate matter reduction from Diesel engine in order to meet future emission regulations adopted in the Euro zone. However, HCCI engines emit relatively high amounts of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide due to lower engine exhaust temperature increasing the catalyst light-off time and decreasing the average efficiency of the Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). In this environmental and economic context, the combination of plasma with DOC has been considered especially for intermittent use during the cold start. The thesis presents the combination of nonthermal plasma upstream Diesel oxidation catalyst (Pt-Pd/Al2O3) applied to the treatment of simulating Diesel HCCI exhaust gas (O2-NO-H2O-CO-CO2-CH4-C3H6-C7H8-C10H22-N2). The studies were conducted at atmospheric pressure with a pilot-scale dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD) on two experimental devices. The first is a laboratory scale set-up (low flow rate : 20 Lmin−1) used to understand the physico-chemical involving the plasma and the catalyst by focusing on the by-products reactions. The second is an industrial scale (gas flow rate up to 260 Lmin−1) used to study the feasibility and the efficiency of the plasma-DOC system under conditions similar to those encountered in Diesel exhaust engine. The effects of the plasma, the DOC and the plasma-DOC systems on the exhaust gas have been investigated under various conditions. The main contribution of the plasma was to give a « thermal » and a chemical « push » to the DOC resulting in the decrease of light-off temperature for CO and HC oxidation. These improvements were shown to depend on the treatment conditions (injected energy i.e. energy density, space velocity, gas temperature and nature of the driving cycle). It is shown that for a simulated European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the combination of plasma upstream DOC reduces the cumulative mass of CO and hydrocarbons by about 68% and 42%, respectively, in accordance with the Euro 6 standard (2014). The efficiency of plasma for hydrocarbons and NO oxidation at low temperature in high flow conditions (up to 900 Lmin−1 on the NEDC) has been confirmed and the main reaction products identified and quantified
Pethel, Michele Lee. "Plasmid-influenced changes in Mycobacterium avium catalase activity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43266.
Full textMaster of Science
Uda, Gedaralage Mihiri Ekanayake. "Plasma assisted nanomaterials synthesis from sustainable sources." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235732/1/Thesis-Mihiri%2BEkanayake3%2B.pdf.
Full textGodfrey, Simon Paul. "Tailoring supported olefin polymerisation catalysts using non-equilibrium plasmas." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4305/.
Full textHerrmann-Stanzel, Roland. "Energy Accommodation from Surface Catalyzed Reactions in Air Plasmas." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1012.
Full textKoeta, Ouya. "Élimination des polluants par plasmas froids et association à la catalyse : acétaldéhyde et phénol." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112131/document.
Full textThis work aimed to study the degradation of aqueous phenol by humid air GlidArc plasma and to study the removal of acetaldehyde in atmospheric gas by pulsed DBD plasma. The parametric study of phenol degradation showed an increase in efficiency as a function of the initial concentration and humid air flow. The increase of the inter-electrodes gap has increased nitrate ions concentration. The numerous reaction products formed consist mostly of carboxylic acids. Other byproducts identified are hydroquinone, para-nitrophenol and para-nitrosophenol. By-products identification enabled drawing a reaction scheme of phenol degradation. The acetaldehyde removal has been achieved in temperature conditions ranging from ambient to 300°C and in two types of mixtures: CH3CHO/N2 and CH3CHO/N2/O2 (up to 10 % O2). The results showed that the energy cost decreases in the presence of oxygen in the mixture as well as when the temperature increases. In CH3CHO/N2, the main by-products are CO, H2, CH4, HCN, C2H6, CH3CN whereas in oxygenated mixtures, CO2 and CO, CH2O, CH3OH are the most important by-products. The kinetic study following this analysis, by using a simplified 0D model has highlighted the key role of the quenching of nitrogen metastables states and that of the oxidation of acetaldehyde, caused in particular by O and OH. The modeling also helped understanding the formation processes of major by-products. A MnO2 based catalyst was placed downstream of plasma zone in order to decompose ozone that is abundantly formed in oxygenated mixtures especially at low temperature. The atomic oxygen produced during this decomposition is used to oxidize the residual acetaldehyde and its by-products. The energy cost was thus decreased and the concentrations of certain by-products such as CH2O and CH3OH have been reduced as well
Carnevale, Santino D. "Catalyst-free III-nitride Nanowires by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Growth, Characterization, and Applications." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374066626.
Full textPham, Huu Thien. "Contribution à l'étude de la dépollution de l'air chargé en composés organiques volatils par un procédé associant un plasma de décharge à barrière diélectrique impulsionnelle et des catalyseurs." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2022/document.
Full textThe focus of this thesis is the application of non-thermal plasma and catalysis in chemical processing, in particular for the removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) diluted in air. In a first part, the oxidation of three pollutants (methane, propene, and toluene) is studied experimentally in a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor and in a catalyst reactor working independently. In a second part, a hybrid plasma-catalyst reactor either in a single-stage or in a two-stages configuration, in which the catalyst is located inside or downstream from the plasma reactor, respectively. Catalyst materials based on Pd, Mn, Cu, and Co supported on alumina beads were tested and characterized by ICP-OES, TEM/EDX, XRD, XPS, and DRIFTS. Products were analyzed and quantified by infrared spectroscopy. Achieved VOCs removal efficiencies and CO/CO2 selectivity, as well as nature and concentrations of the formed products, were evaluated as function of many factors, particularly the specific input energy, the gas temperature, the initial VOCs concentration, the nature of catalyst (size support, metal loading), and the hourly space velocity. It has been successfully demonstrated that the combination of plasma and catalyst in the both configurations has many benefits compared to traditional thermal-catalysis and plasma alone treatment including a lowering of the catalyst operating temperature, an improvement of the conversion of VOCs at similar temperatures, and a better end-products selectivity and energy efficiency. The mutual interaction lead to a synergistic effect in plasma-catalysis especially when the discharge is in direct contact with the catalyst whatever the VOCs studied
Hawe, Philipp. "Towards plasmon supported photo redoxcatalysis based on a Cu2O-catalyst." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysikalisk kemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-450171.
Full textSouquet-Grumey, Julien. "Fonctionnalisation de nouveaux composites carbone-carbone et leur valorisation en catalyse hétérogène." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2316.
Full textSchumacher, Joshua David. "Design and Construction of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor and Directed Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000214.
Full textCuynet, Stéphane. "Etude des conditions d’élaboration d’électrodes de pile à combustible PEMFC par procédés plasma." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2027/document.
Full textFrom a collaboration between the CNRS laboratory of the CEA and GREMI Ripault, the objective of this thesis is to conduct a complete study on the conditions for producing electrodes of PEM fuel cell by plasma processes in order to improve the electro-catalytic activity of the catalyst (Pt). The platinum atoms on its support appears to be a one of the most important factor determining the performance delivered by the PEMFCs. From this observation, several lines of research have been proposed and each of them has yielded new results. The High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) process is studied in case of depositions of noble materials (Pt, Au, Pd) and alloy (Pt5Pd95 and Pt50Pd50) and revealed an ionized metal vapor consequent upon deposition (10 % to 90 % depending of the element). The results obtained on the HIPIMS process have allowed a change in the distribution of a small fixed amount of Pt (20 μg.cm−2) deposited on the depth of the gas diffusion layer (GDL), incidentally improving the performance of PEMFCs (+80% at 0.65 V, the voltage at rated power). This result is complemented by those obtained on the development of allied catalysts, especially with the arrangement of the catalytic material on the aggregates structure (+93 % at 0.65 V for Pt5Pd95 in successive deposits). In order to modify the Pt atoms distribution on the membrane support, another study has been realized. The surface of the proton exchange membrane has been structurated before the Pt deposition. Such structuration have shown an increase of the overall performance of PEMFCs in the case of CCB (Catalyst Coated Backing) and CCM (Catalyst Coated Membrane) architecture with an improvement factor of 1.3 up to 12, respectively
Fasciani, Chiara. "Design of Elemental Nanoparticles and their Application in Catalysis, Lithography and Biochemistry." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31586.
Full text