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Darmaji, Darmaji, Anton Komaini, Gian Utumo Inarta, Phil Yanuar Kiram, Sri Gusti Handayani, and Padli Padli. "How is the relationship between student responses and students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish game E-module?" Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 4000–4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i11.8429.
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The development of games that are applied in learning physical education, sports, and health is a solution to the boredom felt by students during learningtake place. The aims of this research are (1) How is the feasibility of the fish vs cat game e-module? (2) How do students respond to the use of the cat vs fish e-module? (3) How are the students' motor skills different before and after using the cat vs fish e-module in class VA and VB? (4) What is the relationship between students' responses to the use of the cat vs fish e-module with students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish e-module?. Research methodologyused in this research is research and development. At the trial stage, it was carried out by involving 60 students consisting of 2 classes. The conclusion of this study is that the developed cat vs fish game e-module has been declared valid to be used, based on the t-test conducted showing that there are differences in students' motor skills before and after using the cat vs fish game e-module in class VA and class VB. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between student responses and students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish e-module. The cat vs fish game e-module can be a learning innovation in physical education, sports, and health subjects that can be a guide for cat vs fish games so as to train students' motor skills.
Keywords: Physics, SPS, problem based learning, melde practicum, gender
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Syarifuddin, Khairul Anshar, Subhan, and Rizka Mulyawan. "Feasibility Study of Potential Utilization of Tofu Industry Waste Into Cat Fish Feed." SAINSMAT: Journal of Applied Sciences, Mathematics, and Its Education 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/sainsmat673.
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Cat fish is one of preferred food for most Acehnese people, particularly in Lhokseumawe regions. This is the motive of most people are interested in cultivating such fish; beside the selling price is relatively high, it also has increasing ramp of demand every year. In order to meet the increasing demand, the fish farms are in need of appropriate feed aiming for upgrading cat fish growing rate. Around Lhokseumawe region, despite of numerous tofu industries the dregs are still not well utilized. The waste of tofu industries, which is tofu dregs, functions as cat fish feed. Tofu dregs made cat fish feed has numbers of advantages, such as accelerating the fish growth until 17-18%. This is due to the coarse fiber protein contain to be 7.11%, fat 4.93% and BETN 44.50%. Beside its nutritional advantages as alternative cat fish feed raw material, tofu dregs as cat fish feed material should be examined in technical and financial aspects so that it is guaranteed to be implemented. Hence, in this research the feasibility study was conducted on technical aspects of processing solid tofu dregs to be cat fish feed by using BEP and PP analysis methods. According to Payback Period (PP) value, the business has three months and six days period of time in order to return the initial investment capital. The production rate in one months must be above 542 kg in order to avoid from being lost. With the existing production capacity (1.092 kg/month), the cat fish feed price must be above IDR 6.116/kg in order to cover all expenditure in the time period.
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Ghafarifarsani, Hamed, Shiva Nedaei, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, and Hien Van Doan. "Effect of Different Levels of Chlorogenic Acid on Growth Performance, Immunological Responses, Antioxidant Defense, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juveniles." Aquaculture Nutrition 2023 (April 19, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3679002.
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The current study is designed to assay the efficacy of chlorogenic acid (ChA) in the diet on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant variables, and mucosal immune response as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Rainbow trout juveniles received diets supplemented with different inclusion levels of ChA (0 (ctrl), 200 (CA1), 400 (CA2), 600 (CA3), and 800 (CA4) mg kg−1 diet) for 60 days. According to the findings, fish from CA3 and CA4 groups demonstrated the best results considering the final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) ( P < 0.05 ). Also, the group that received 600 mg kg−1 ChA-supplemented diet showed the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest specific growth rate (SGR) compared to other groups ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, the minimum survival rate (SR) was only detected in the CA4 treatment ( P < 0.05 ). Regression analysis exhibited that rainbow trout growth indices were polynomially linked to dietary chlorogenic acid concentrations. In this regard, the optimal levels of chlorogenic acid according to growth parameters (FCR and SGR) were 0.71 and 0.62 gr kg−1 diet, respectively. The results exhibited superior performance of protease and amylase activities in CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups with the maximum amount in the group receiving 600 mg kg−1 ChA-enriched diet ( P < 0.05 ). Serum lysozyme (LYZ), immunoglobulin (Ig), and components 3 and 4 (C3 and C4) values of CA2, CA3, and CA4 groups were significantly higher than others with the highest amount in the CA3 group (P <0.05). Additionally, serum nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value in the CA3 and CA4 groups and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the CA3 group were notably more than others ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the highest total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) values were observed in CA3 treatment ( P < 0.05 ). CA2 and CA3 groups demonstrated increased serum catalase (CAT) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) values compared to the control while the highest CAT and lowest MDA values were observed in CA3 treatment ( P < 0.05 ). Considering mucus immunity, the significantly maximum LYZ and protease values were demonstrated in CA2 and CA3 groups, and the highest ALP, Ig, and esterase values were demonstrated in the CA3 group. In comparison with the control, the mortality rates of the groups that received the ChA diets were remarkably ( P < 0.05 ) lower postchallenge with Y. ruckeri, and the highest survival and relative percentage of survival (RPS) ( P < 0.05 ) belonged to the CA3 group. Results obtained from the current study suggested ChA as a functional dietary additive to raise growth parameters, immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and resistance to disease in rainbow trout.
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Shen, Hong Yan, Lei Yang, Guo Xia Zhang, and Jing Liang Yang. "Study on Antioxidant Enzyme of Brocarded Carp as Biomarkers of 2,4-DNT Pollution in Water." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2171.
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In order to investigate ecotoxicity effect of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) to freshwater fish(Brocarded carp), the acute toxicity test and the sub-lethal expriment were conducted in lab. The acute toxicity test show that 96h LC50 value of 2,4-DNT to Brocarded carp is 19.67 mg/L. Its toxicity rating is moderately toxic to fish. Based on the result of the acute toxicity test, fish was exposed to different concentrations (1/2LC50, 1/4LC50, 1/16LC50, 1/256LC50, surface water standard concentration) and killed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 day after exposure. The activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in liver tissue were analyzed. The results indicated the activities of SOD and CAT were inhibited from the third day in all treatment groups at post-exposure, they were lower than those of the control group (p＜0.01). The SOD and CAT activities of the control group were stable during 14-days. The CAT and SOD activities had the same changing trend and they were unstable under the pollution stress. The CAT enzyme was more sensitive than SOD enzyme under pollution stress. The results demonstrate that the SOD and CAT activities of liver in Brocarded Carp might be the promising biomarker of 2,4-DNT exposure to freshwater fish. Therefore it is suggested that the couple index of SOD and CAT could be used as biomarker of nitroaromatics compounds, when their pollutions affected living beings in aquatic environment.
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Ma’rifah, Faridlotul, Miftahul Rohmah Saputri, Agoes Soegianto, Bambang Irawan, and Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto. "The Change of Metallothionein and Oxidative Response in Gills of the Oreochromis niloticus after Exposure to Copper." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060353.
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In the present study, we investigated the effects of waterborne copper (Cu) on the levels of metallothionein (MT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gills of cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus. The Cu concentrations in gills were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The sandwich-ELISA was used to measure MT, SOD, CAT, and MDA. The Cu concentrations in gills of fish that were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 mg Cu/L were significantly increased at day 1 (D1), then gradually decreased starting from D2, and reaches the similar value with the controls at D5. A similar tendency has been observed in the MT levels in the gills. All of the Cu-exposed fish showed the highest level of MT on D1, and then decreased at D3 and a plateau at D4 and D5. The levels of SOD and CAT in gills in all Cu-exposed fish showed a similar pattern: increased significantly at D1, then gradually decreased starting from D2, and increased again at D4 and D5. The levels of MDA in gills of all Cu-exposed fish showed no significant difference. The indifference levels of MDA in gills of all Cu-exposed fish suggested the antioxidant defense systems (SOD and CAT) combined with the induction of MT were able to completely scavenge the increased ROS.
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Xue, Wang, Liang, Li, and Li. "Effects of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation in Fish of Different Sizes and Species." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132444.
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Two endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River, the Rock Carp (Procypris rabaudi) and Prenant’s Schizothoracin (Schizothorax prenanti), were used as research objects in this study to assess the effects of total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation on fish of varying sizes. Fish were exposed to TDG-supersaturated water at the levels of 145, 140, 135, 130, and 125%. The results showed that fish swam slowly, responded clumsily, and then exhibited spiral swimming performance after a period of exposure to TDG-supersaturated water. Fish exhibited exophthalmos, body swelling, gill bleeding, and caudal fin bleeding when they died in the TDG-supersaturated water. With the increase in TDG supersaturation, the tolerance capacity of fish to supersaturated TDG significantly reduced. At high supersaturation, the difference in survival time between species was not significant, while fish with smaller sizes showed greater tolerance capacity. At low supersaturation, the tolerance capacity of fish was mainly affected by species, and the influence of size was relatively small. With the decrease in TDG supersaturation, the catalase (CAT) activity first increased and then decreased. Rock Carp displayed significantly less activity than Prenant’s Schizothoracin on exposure to TDG-supersaturated water. At high supersaturation levels, the CAT activity of Prenant’s Schizothoracin of small size was greater than that of large Prenant’s Schizothoracin. In contrast, small Prenant’s Schizothoracin showed less CAT activity at low TDG levels than did large individuals.
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Mishra, Rama, Birendra Gautam, Prativa Kaspal, and Shyam Kumar Shah. "Population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38284.
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Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) in eastern Terai of Nepal is believed to hold a relatively healthy population of vulnerable fishing cats but has remained unexplored. We conducted camera trapping and questionnaire survey in KTWR and its buffer zone in the winter of 2016 and 2017 to estimate the population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus. Camera trapping was conducted in 2016 on fish farms in the eastern buffer zone where we found a minimum of nine fishing cat individuals visiting the surveyed fish ponds. The frequency of their visits to fish ponds varied 0–5 (average 2) nights during seven active camera trap nights. A survey in the second year (2017) covered the entire reserve. Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture models estimated a population of 20 fishing cats with density of 8.4/100 km2 in KTWR and the eastern buffer zone. We interviewed 50 fish farmers to understand the people’s perceptions towards fishing cats. More than 40% of the respondents reported fishing cats consuming fish from their farm. Retaliation and road kills were documented as major threats of fishing cats in the study area. The population of the fishing cat is found dependent partially on fish ponds, indicating the possibility of conflict with fish farmers. We recommend the detailed study on the movement of fishing cats between the reserve and fish farming area in the buffer zone.
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Stuart, G. W., J. R. Vielkind, J. V. McMurray, and M. Westerfield. "Stable lines of transgenic zebrafish exhibit reproducible patterns of transgene expression." Development 109, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.109.3.577.
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To study the frequency of germ-line transformation and to examine the reproducibility of tissue-specific transgene expression, we produced several lines of transgenic zebrafish expressing a recombinant chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Supercoiled plasmids containing both Rous sarcoma virus and SV-40 promoter sequences upstream of the CAT coding region were injected into zebrafish embryos prior to first cleavage. CAT activity could be detected in batches of injected embryos as early as 8 h and up to at least 12 days post-fertilization. Approximately 18% of injected fish raised to maturity exhibited CAT activity in their fins, and approximately 5% of injected fish became stable germ-line transformants. Breeding studies indicated that although transgenic founder fish were frequently germ-line mosaics, transgenic individuals of subsequent generations were fully hemizygous for the transgene marker. The transgenes present in the F1 progeny of four independent lines were relatively well expressed in fin and skin, while lower levels of expression were observed in heart, gill and muscle. Little or no CAT expression was observed in the brain, liver and gonad. A monoclonal antibody directed against the CAT gene product consistently revealed variegated patterns of CAT expression in ectodermally derived fin epidermal cells in three of these lines. These results show that it is possible to efficiently produce stable germ-line transformants of the zebrafish and to observe reproducible tissue-specific patterns of transgene expression in this organism. Possible mechanisms for the variegated expression observed within tissues are also considered.
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Dawood, Mahmoud A. O., Mohamed Alkafafy, and Hani Sewilam. "The antioxidant responses of gills, intestines and livers and blood immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to salinity and temperature stressors." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 48, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01052-w.
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AbstractAquaculture activity is affected by various environmental factors, including water salinity and high temperatures. The present study investigated the impact of using varying water salinity (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppt) on the growth behavior, immune responses and antioxidative responses of common carp. Fish were raised under optimal conditions except for water salinity for 8 weeks; fish were then subjected to high-temperature stress (32 °C) for 48 h. The results indicated a reduced final weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), feed intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) in common carp reared in 15 and 20 ppt (p < 0.05). The lowest FBW, WG, SGR, CF, feed intake and FER values were observed in fish reared in 20 ppt water salinity (p < 0.05). In gills, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were markedly decreased, but malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in fish challenged with 15 and 20 ppt before they were subjected to heat stress (p < 0.05). After heat stress, the SOD, CAT and GPx were decreased, and the MDA increased in fish reared in varying salinity levels (p < 0.05). Before heat stress, the intestinal SOD, CAT and GPx markers were decreased by 15 and 20 ppt, while the MDA level was increased by 15 and 20 ppt (p < 0.05). Generally, heat stress lowered the SOD, CAT and GPx activity in the intestines and liver tissues but increased MDA levels in common carp stressed by varying salinity levels (p < 0.05). The most decreased lysozyme activity, SOD, CAT and GPx and increased MDA levels were observed in common carp exposed to 20 ppt before and after heat stress (p < 0.05). After heat stress, fish exposed to 15 and 20 ppt had lower NBT than the remaining groups, and fish exposed to 20 ppt had the lowest values (p < 0.05). Overall, the heat stress markedly suppressed the antioxidant and immune responses of common carp reared in hypersalinity conditions.
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Ahmed M A Hamad. "Changes in chemical composition, fatty acids and sensory quality of fried catfish fillets (Clariars gariepinus)." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.3.0152.
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Modification is proximate composition fatty acids chemical quality as well as changes in organoleptic traits were study in raw Cat fish fillets (Clarias gariepinus), pan-fried fillets in sun flower oil for 4 minutes and reheated fried cat fish fillets (in conventional oven for 15 min. at 80℃) after storage for one week at 5±1℃ and for one month at 20±2℃. after frying of cat fish fillets the moisture, Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA),Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA),Total Volatile Basis Nitrogen (TVBN) and Trymethylamin Nitrogen (TMAN) were reduced while, protein, fat, ash, polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Thiobarbeturic Acid (TBA) and Peroxide Value (PV) were increased due to chilling and frozen storage of fried catfish fillets, the gross chemical composition showed no significant changes ( p˃ 0.05), whereas slow increase in SFA and slow decrease in (MUFA) and ( PUFA) was found all chemical quality (TVBN,TMAN,TBA, and PV) of Cat fish fillet fried and stored at 5±1 ℃ and -20±2℃ were higher ( p˃0.05), as compared with the samples after frying directly. Organoleptic evolution scores of colour, taste, flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability were highest for samples after fried directly while it showed significant decrease (p˃0.05) after storage at 5±1℃ and at -20±2℃ for one month respectively.
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Rahman, Md Mosaddequr, Md Akhtar Hossain, Dr Fatematuzzhura, Shuraya Tasnoova, Ferdous Ahamed, Md Yeamin Hossain, and Jun Ohtomi. "Fresh Fish Marketing Status in the Northwestern Bangladesh: Recommendations for Sustainable Management." Our Nature 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2013): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7773.
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The present study was conducted in six fish markets of Rajshahi city during July 2011 to June 2012. The main objectives of this study was to investigate the marketing channel, marketing cost, marketing margin and the problems associated with fresh fish marketing in Rajshahi city in order to provide recommendations for better fish marketing system. Primary data were collected from 50 fish traders and 150 consumers through previously prepared questionnaires and the secondary source of information consist of published materials such as journals, textbooks, newspaper etc. The results of this study revealed 10 fish marketing channels in fresh fish marketing. The highest and lowest average fish price were recorded as USD 5.99/kg and USD 1.89/kg for cat fish and snake heads respectively. Average marketing cost was found as 6.27% of the final retail price. The market margins for all intermediaries varied from 23.37% for cat fish to 48.57% for prawn species with an average of 40.75%. In contrast, producers’ or fishermen’s share ranged from 51.43% for prawn species to 76.63% for cat fish with an average of 59.25%. The major problems associated with the fish marketing were- presence of long fish marketing channels, involvement of unnecessary middlemen, inadequate and unplanned infrastructural development, rough and unhygienic method of handling, improper and insufficient use of ice, contamination and lack of knowledge on quality aspects among fish traders, insufficient hygienic auction and retail spaces, absence of cold storage facility, inadequate drainage facilities and lack of modern weighing system. Introducing government fish shops, planned infrastructural development of fish markets, introduction of wholesaling and retailing facilities, provision for government and private funding assistance for fish traders, hygienic conditions of landing centers and markets, training and extension works in marketing and management of relevant market research, formation of fishermen or fish producers’ cooperative society, sufficient auction and retail places, improved sanitation and drainage system, digital weighing system, government run fish transportation system with proper storage facilities are recommended for more efficient fresh fish marketing system in Rajshahi city.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7773
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Olowu, R. A., O. O. Ayejuyo, G. O. Adewuyi, I. A. Adejoro, A. A. B. Denloye, A. O. Babatunde, and A. L. Ogundajo. "Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish Tissues, Water and Sediment from Epe and Badagry Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2010): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/676434.
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Water samples, sediments, tilapia and cat fishes from each of Epe and Badagry lagoons in Lagos State, Nigeria were analyzed quantitatively for the presence of zinc, nickel and iron using Perking Elmer atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The sediment contains higher concentration of Fe with a value of 13.30 µg/g against 8.400 µg/g in fishes and 7.30 mg/L in water. Studies on the different parts of the fish revealed higher concentrations of 4.00 µg/g Ni on the head of tilapia fish followed by 2.40 µg/g Ni in the intestine of cat fish. The highest concentration of 1.95 µg/g Zn was detected on the head of the cat fish while the lowest concentration with a value of 0.16 µg/g was recorded in tilapia head. The concentration of Zn in the water is within the limits permitted by the Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) of 1.0 mg/L Zn set for water. None of the trace metals investigated was above the maximum permissible level set by world health organization ( WHO).
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Amin, Muhammad, Mohammad Shoaib, Ghulam Nabi, Naveed Ahmed, and Muhammad Kifayatullah. "A Comprehensive Review on Fishery Biology of Catfishes." Journal of Biology and Life Science 7, no. 1 (October 13, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v7i1.8421.
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Cat fish exploit a large diversity of both plant and animal protein, and adapt harsh environmental conditions as they have the ability to take atmospheric oxygen. Marine catfish tolerate a broad range of salinities between Open Ocean and fresh water. The entire catfishes have soft as well as scaleless body, are greatly appreciated by consumers and maintain healthy in both fresh and dried condition. In this review article various aspects of cat fish has been discussed.
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J.O., Orogu, and Okobia B. U. "BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FRESH FISH (CAT FISH) SOLD IN OZORO MARKET." Journal of Bio Innovation 10, no. 4 (August 15, 2021): 992–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.46344/jbino.2021.v10i04.05.
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Houpt, Katherine A., Linda A. Essick, Eve B. Shaw, Deborah K. Alo, John E. Gilmartin, Walter H. Gutenmann, Cheryl B. Littman, and Donald J. Lisk. "A tuna fish diet influences cat behavior." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 24, no. 2 (June 1988): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398809531150.
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Simionov, Ira-Adeline, Dragoș Sebastian Cristea, Ștefan-Mihai Petrea, Alina Mogodan, Roxana Jijie, Elena Ciornea, Mircea Nicoară, Maria Magdalena Turek Rahoveanu, and Victor Cristea. "Predictive Innovative Methods for Aquatic Heavy Metals Pollution Based on Bioindicators in Support of Blue Economy in the Danube River Basin." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168936.
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Heavy metal pollution is still present in the Danube River basin, due to intensive naval and agricultural activities conducted in the area. Therefore, continuous monitoring of this pivotal aquatic macro-system is necessary, through the development and optimization of monitoring methodologies. The main objective of the present study was to develop a prediction model for heavy metals accumulation in biological tissues, based on field gathered data which uses bioindicators (fish) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. Samples of water and fish were collected from the lower sector of Danube River (DR), Danube Delta (DD) and Black Sea (BS). The following indicators were analyzed in samples: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) (in water and fish tissues), respectively, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) (in fish tissues). The pollution index (PI) was calculated to identify the most polluted studied ecosystem, which revealed that Danube River is seriously affected by the presence of Fe (IP = 4887) and strongly affected by the presence of Zn (IP = 4.49). The concentration of Cd in fish muscle tissue was above the maximum permitted level (0.05 µg/g) by the EU regulation. From all analyzed OS biomarkers, MDA registered the highest median values in fish muscle (145.7 nmol/mg protein in DR, 201.03 nmol/mg protein in DD, 148.58 nmol/mg protein in BS) and fish liver (200.28 nmol/mg protein in DR, 163.67 nmol/mg protein, 158.51 nmol/mg protein), compared to CAT, SOD and GPx. The prediction of Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cu in fish hepatic and muscle tissue was determined based on CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA, by using non-linear tree-based RF prediction models. The analysis emphasizes that MDA in hepatic tissue is the most important independent variable for predicting heavy metals in fish muscle and tissues at BS coast, followed by GPx in both hepatic and muscle tissues. The RF analytical framework revealed that CAT in muscle tissue, respectively, MDA and GPx in hepatic tissues are most common predictors for determining the heavy metals concentration in both muscle and hepatic tissues in DD area. For DR, the MDA in muscle, followed by MDA in hepatic tissue are the main predictors in RF analysis.
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M, Sharma, Daundkar P, and Rani D. "Oxidative Stress in Fish Cyprinus Carpio Caused By Oxytetracycline." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2021): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.1006.
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Environment pollution is posing threat to humans and animals. Environmental pollution is caused by anthropogenic activities and is a major problem in many countries. The present study was investigated to find the oxidative stress induced by oxytetracycline in fish Cyprinus carpio. The acute exposure was given for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of exposure. The sublethal concentration decided was 80 mg/l. Under oxidative stress, parameters such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied and a significant reduction in the activity of GST, CAT and SOD was observed in the treated group as compared to control. A significant decrease in SOD and CAT is at 72 and 96 hours of exposure while, a significant decline trend after 24 hours of exposure in GST activity was observed. Acute exposure of OTC enhanced reactive oxygen species formation and inhibited antioxidant capacities in the fish. Based on the results it is evident that oxytetracycline is causing oxidative stress in fish. It is also demonstrated that oxidative stress biomarker may play important in biomonitoring assessment protocol.
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Carvalho-Neta, Raimunda Nonata Fortes, and Ana Lúcia Abreu-Silva. "Sciades herzbergii oxidative stress biomarkers: an in situ study of an estuarine ecosystem (São Marcos' Bay, Maranhão, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, spe4 (2010): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592010000800003.
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In order to study the effects of environmental contamination on wild fish, sites were sampled in São Marcos' Bay. The first is located near the ALUMAR/ALCOA port, a potentially contaminated area. The second, located near the Coqueiro beach, was used as a reference area. The activity of antioxidant defence catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in S. herzbergii was compared with the biometric data and gonadosomatic index (GSI). The result showed that GSI decreased significantly in females (p<0.05) at the contaminated site. The activity of CAT was higher in fish caught at the contaminated site. A significant difference was observed in GST activity in the liver of S. herzbergii in the comparison between fish from the contaminated site and those from the reference site (p<0.05). GSI provides new insights into the nature of the detoxification response in this catfish species because it is not correlated with the enzymes at the potentially contaminated site. We are, therefore, in a position to suggest that the elevated GST/CAT activity might well be related to the reproduction of the animals at the reference site but not at the potentially contaminated site. If that be the case, one may conclude that GST/CAT and GSI are useful biomarkers of aquatic contamination.
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Zhang, Qiu Gen, Jing Yi Wu, and Su Hua Chen. "The Response of Antioxidant Enzyme in Zebra Fish to Water Polluted by Heavy Metals Pollutants." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.506.
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Zebra fish was used as testing animal to be stimulated by heavy metals (Cd2+ and Pb2+) in 1/20, 1/10, 1/5 half-lethal concentrations respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were used as biomarkers to study the response of heavy metals pollutants in water on antioxidant enzyme of zebra fish. The results indicated that the activities of SOD weakened with the time increasing in the polluted water containing Cd2+, but the activities of CAT increased under the low concentration, and the activities trend of CAT increased at the initial period and then decreased when the concentration of Cd2+ increased a certain degree. Moreover, the activities of SOD became stronger along the time increasing in the polluted water containing Pb2+, but the enhancing trend of SOD gradually became weaker along increased concentrations, however for the activities of CAT enhanced in the initial period and then fell with the time, and the trend of decline was more and more obvious.
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Rianingsih, Laras, Ratna Ibrahim, and Apri Dwi Anggo. "KARAKTER KIMIA KECAP IKAN DARI VISCERA IKAN MANYUNG (Arius sp.) YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN KADAR GARAM YANG BERBEDA Chemical characteristic of fish sauce from sea cat fish (Arius sp.) viscera fermented with different salt concentration." SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (February 25, 2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.11.2.115-119.
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ABSTRAK Salah satu kelemahan dari fermentasi tradisional adalah waktu fermentasi yang lama, untuk produk kecap ikan memerlukan waktu berbulan-bulan atau bahkan mencapai 2 tahun. Untuk menanggulangi masalah diatas dilakukan penelitian dengan menurunkan kadar garam untuk mempercepat proses hidrolisis protein pada produksi kecap ikan. Pengaruh dari perbedaan garam (15%, 20% dan 25% b/b) pada karakteristik kimia (total nitrogen, TVB, TMA dan amoniak) kecap ikan yang dibuat dari viscera Ikan Manyung (Arius sp.) diamati setelah 45 hari fermentasi. Produk kecap ikan dari viscera Ikan Manyung (Arius sp.) mengandung total N yang lebih rendah, TVBN, TMA dan ammonia dengan bertambahnya garam. Hasil terbaik adalah pada perlakuan kadar garam 20% karena telah mampu memenuhi standar kecap ikan dari Codex Allimentarius pada parameter total N, serta kadar TVBN, TMA dan amoniak yang relatif rendah. Kata kunci: Kecap ikan; viscera ikan manyung, garam, karakter kimia ABSTRACT One of the drawbacks of traditional fermentation is a relatively long incubation. To overcome the problem above can be done by decreased levels of salt to accelerate hydrolysis in fish sauce production. The effect of different concentration salt (15%, 20% and 25% w/w )on the chemical characteristic(total nitrogen, TVB, TMA, dan ammonia) in fish sauce made from cat fish (Arius sp.) viscera were monitored after 45 days fermentation period. Fish sauce product from cat fish (Arius sp.) viccera contain lower total nitrogen, TVBN, TMA, ammonia with the increasing of salt. The best result was in the 20 % salt addition that could meet the Codex Allimentarius standard in total nitrogen content, and the value of TVB, TMA and ammonia was relative low compared to the other treatment. Keywords: Fish sauce, cat fish viscera, salt, chemical characteristic
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Vidovic, Nevena, Slavica Rankovic, Zorana Orescanin-Dusic, Jasmina Debeljak-Martacic, Tamara Popovic, Mirko Tomic, and Marija Glibetic. "The effects of fish-based and milk-based diets on liver tissue antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in female Wistar rats: A pilot study." Vojnosanitetski pregled 77, no. 6 (2020): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp180326122v.
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Background/Aim. Recently, there has been an increased interest in novel dietary antioxidants, including omega-3 fatty acids and bioactive proteins present in milk. The aim of this study was to examine potential antioxidant effects of four-weeks long fish-based and milk-based diets in female Wistar rats. Methods. Four-months old rats were divided into three groups receiving either: control diet, diet enriched with fish meal, or diet enriched with milk. The activities of antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in liver homogenates obtained at the end of the treatment period. Results. Statistically significant higher activities of GPx (3.52 ? 0.73 U/mg) and CAT (147.25 ? 15.93 U/mg) were detected in rats fed with fishbased meal in comparison with both the control (GPx: 1.93 ? 0.11 U/mg; CAT: 99.37 ? 10.03 U/mg) and the group fed with milk-based diet (GPx: 1.72 ? 0.52 U/mg; CAT: 104.18 ? 37.49 U/mg). Despite somewhat lower concentration of TBARS in the milk-treated group (0.88 ? 0.23 nmoL/mg), no significant differences were detected in comparison with other groups (the control group: 1.00 ? 0.08 nmoL/mg; the fish-based diet group: 1.13 ? 0.15 nmoL/mg). Conclusion. Diet enriched with fish could improve one?s oxidative status by enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver tissue. On the contrary, we failed to obtain results suggesting that milk could serve as a source of dietary antioxidants.
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Skuratovskaya, Ekaterina, Ekaterina Skuratovskaya, Andrey Zav'yalov, and Irina Rudneva. "Health parameters and antioxidant response in Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) parasitized by nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rud., 1802)." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 4 (January 4, 2019): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i4.2441.
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Biometrical and biochemical parameters in healthy and parasitized by nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum Black Sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus were studied. The increase of hepatosomatic index and decrease of spleen index in infected fish were found, while condition factor was similar in both groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) were higher in red blood cells in the parasitized fish as compared with the healthy animals. In the liver, the antioxidant response was not uniform: activities of SOD and GST decreased and activities of PER, GR and CAT increased in the infected individuals. The obtained results reflect host defense against oxidative stress caused parasitic infection. The tissue specific fluctuations of antioxidant response in parasitized and healthy fish are discussed. Data in this study can be used for understanding the defense mechanisms of fish against parasites.
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Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein, Zohreh Fazelan, Ehab El-Haroun, Morteza Yousefi, Metin Yazici, Hien Van Doan, and Marina Paolucci. "The Effects of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Immunity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Fishes 8, no. 6 (June 19, 2023): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060326.
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An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaf extract (GLE) on the growth, oxidative enzymatic activities, immunity, and expression of antioxidant genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three hundred and sixty zebrafish were supplied and fed with different levels of GLE: 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g kg−1. The dietary administration of 1 g kg−1 of GLE significantly increased growth parameters in fish. Fish fed diets with GLE showed increased total protein. The total Ig and lysozyme activity significantly changed in the whole-body serum, but not in skin mucus. GLE significantly increased Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities compared to the control diet. GLE treatments caused a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In the skin mucus, only CAT and SOD activities significantly increased. The highest expression of Toll-like receptor-1 (TLR-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) genes was achieved in fish fed 2 g kg−1 of GLE. CAT and SOD gene expressions were significantly higher in fish fed 1 and 2 g kg−1 of GLE. GPx gene expression was significantly higher in fish fed 1 g kg−1 of GLE. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that GLE affects growth performance and regulates antioxidant and immune gene expression. The determination of the optimum dosage merits further research.
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Usman, Fahruddin, Paulina Taba, and I. Gede Suarthawan. "Potential of tuba plant root (Derris elliptica) as a vegetable pesticide ingredient: A review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1253, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1253/1/012122.
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Abstract Tuba plant is a species of Derris that can be found in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunai, Thailand and the Philippines. This plant contains the toxic substance rotenone and is used by the community as a poison to catch fish. The toxicity of rotenone to fish varies between species. Therefore, there is a significant risk of non-target fish species being poisoned when rotenone is used. In addition to poisoning fish, this substance can be used to kill corn cob borers, kill cat lice, eradicate rice snails, and control caterpillar populations. The results of the review of rotenone contained in tuba plants from several studies show that the use of rotenone is effective for eradicating pests, including in Fisheries Management can eradicate unwanted pests and predatory fish, exterminating corn cob borers can control cob borers (Helicoverpa armigeran Hubner) with an initial death time of 26, 50 hours, LT50 67.50 hours and total larval mortality 87.5%, Cat lice repellent can kill cat lice (Siphonaptera), exterminate paddy snails by giving 75% and 100% tuba root extract concentration, and control the population of caterpillars by giving 50% rotenone extract. It can therefore be concluded that that tuba root extract (Derris elliptica) can be used as a vegetable pesticide because it is proven to be effective in eradicating fisheries management pests, borers on corn cobs, lice pests in cats, rice snails in rice plants, and caterpillar pests in fruit plants.
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Kij-Mitka, Barbara, Halina Cernohorska, Svatava Kubickova, Sylwia Prochowska, Wojciech Niżański, Joanna Kochan, and Monika Bugno-Poniewierska. "Application of the FISH Technique to Visualize Sex Chromosomes in Domestic Cat Spermatozoa." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072106.
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a molecular cytogenetics technique that enables the visualization of chromosomes in cells via fluorescently labeled molecular probes specific to selected chromosomes. Despite difficulties in carrying out the FISH technique on sperm, related to the need for proper nuclear chromatin decondensation, this technique has already been used to visualize chromosomes in human, mouse, cattle, swine, horse, and dog spermatozoa. Until now, FISH has not been performed on domestic cat sperm; therefore, the aim of this study was to visualize sex chromosomes in domestic cat sperm. The results showed the presence of X and Y chromosomes in feline spermatozoa. The procedure used for sperm decondensation and fluorescence in situ hybridization was adequate to visualize chromosomes in domestic cat spermatozoa and, in the future, it may be used to determine the degree of chromosomal abnormalities in these gametes.
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Rose, Sanchita, and Abhimanyue Singh Rathore. "Fish and Fisheries of Ana Sagar Lake, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.035.
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The present study on fish and fisheries was conducted during January, 2019 to December, 2019. The Ana Sagar lake has a rich fish fauna which is exploited for commercial fishing thus fetching annual revenue of Rs1.46 crores to the state govt. The fish production is achieved through culture-cum-capture fisheries in the Ana Sagar lake. These fishes occurring in commercial landings which belongs to 5 orders, 5 families and 16 species. Out of these cyprinidae family predominantly contributed to the catch composition. The fish species composition in the commercial catch of Ana Sagar comprises of carps, cat fishes and other miscellaneous varieties. The total fish catch composition showed variations in the present study when compared to the past trends. The total fish production recorded recently was 5,50,943 kg in the year 2021 from Ana Sagar lake which is higher than the preceding years. At present the catch mainly consists of Indian major carps, cat fishes and exotic carps namely Oreochromis mossambicus, Cyprinus carpio and Hypophthlmichthyes molitrix etc. Beside these species hybrid of rohu x catla is recorded for the first time from Ana Sagar.
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Idris, S. B., M. K. Shitnan, F. Bello, A. A. Sani, A. A. Ebbo, and A. A. Raji. "Heavy metal concentration in blood and selected tissues of cat fish from Kwalkwalawa River, Sokoto." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 31, no. 1 (October 24, 2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v31i1.5.
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Fish is a cheap source of omega- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals in water can be detrimental to both fish and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of heavy metals in the liver, kidney and gills of cat fish obtained from Kwalkwalawa River, Sokoto. Water, sediments, blood and tissue samples of (10) cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) species caught from Kwalkwalawa river were analysed quantitatively for the presence of zinc, copper, lead, chromium and cadmium using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Bioaccumulation of these heavy metals was estimated in these organs. Results showed that lead concentrations in the water was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the sediment sample. Also, copper and lead accumulated most in the liver and kidney when compared with that observed for the gills. In conclusion, lead and cadmium levels in the samples were above WHO certified limits hence the concentration of metals in this water should be monitored periodically.
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Hoque, MS, AAKM Nowsad, MI Hossain, and FH Shikha. "Improved Methods for the Preparation of Fish Ball from the Unwashed Mixed Minces of Low-Cost Marine Fish." Progressive Agriculture 18, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18203.
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Fish ball was prepared from the unwashed mince blend of 5 low-cost marine fishes (LMF) viz., red jewfish (Johnius argentatus), sea cat fish (Tachysurus thalassinus), jeweled shad (Ilisha filigera) horse mackeral (Megalaspis cordyla) and skipjack tuna (Sarda orientalis) of the Bay of Bengal. Six different blends composition from 5 individual minces of Low-cost Marine Fish (LMF) were prepared by blending 15 to 30% of the individuals minces. Fish ball was prepared from such mince blends by improving the textural strength of the products through different cooking process, ingredients and spices. Textural quality was determined in terms of softness/firmness (S/F) and chewiness/ rubburiness (C/R). Gel forming ability of the individual minces varied in great extent due to their compositional differences. Among the six blends tested, blend C with higher proportion of mince had come from red jewfish, sea cat fish and horse mackerel showed highest gel strength. In mince blend C, composition of red jewfish, sea cat fish, horse mackerel, jeweled shad and skipjack tuna were 30, 20, 20, 15 and 15%, respectively. Unwashed and washed individual minces and the mince blend C were incubated at different temperature regime from 35° to 55° and then cooked at 90° or 100°C. Among the different heating regimes, unwashed mince blend C showed the highest gel strength at 50°C for 1 hr incubation temperature. Further cooking of the incubated gel at 100°C optimally increased the gelling ability. The quality attributes of fish ball prepared under different cooking process (two-step heating, boiling, broiling and autoclaving) were analyzed. In two-step cooking, fish ball heated at 50°C for 30 minutes and further cooked at 100°C for 30 minute obtained a very good textured and nice mouth-felt fish ball. Texture and flavor of ball was affected by washing of mince but sensory qualities were unaffected.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18203 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 189 - 197, 2007
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Arghideh, Mohammad, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Reza Ghorbani Nasrabadi, Mohammad Mazandarani, Ehab El-Haroun, and Hien Van Doan. "Evaluation of Soil-Derived Streptomyces chartreusis KU324443 Effects as Probiotic on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Mucosal and Serum Immune Parameters, and Related Gene Expression in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (August 22, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2278130.
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The present trial investigates the effects of soil-derived Streptomyces chartreusis KU324443 as a probiotic on growth performance, mucosal and serum immune parameters, and immune and antioxidant-associated gene expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In a two-month experiment, carps were fed with varying levels of S. chartreusis KU324443 (0 (control), 105 (S1), 106 (S2), and 107 (S3) CFU/g). Then, performance, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters besides immune and antioxidant-related gene expression (IL1 and Lyz, CAT and SOD) were measured. Fish fed S. chartreusis-supplemented diet showed a significant increase in growth performance parameters ( P < 0.05 ) regardless of inclusion levels. Including different doses of S. chartreusis significantly increased serum total Ig and lysozyme activity compared to those fed the control diet ( P < 0.05 ). While no significant difference was noticed in the case of skin mucus total Ig ( P > 0.05 ), lysozyme activity showed a significant increase in S. chartreusis-treated carps ( P < 0.05 ). No significant differences ( P > 0.05 ) were noticed in the case of serum antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD, and GPx) of S. chartreusis-fed carps and control. However, fish fed the control diet recorded the highest SOD and GPx enzyme activity in skin mucus of common carp, while no significant differences were noticed in the case of mucus CAT enzyme activity in common carp ( P > 0.05 ). Gene expression studies revealed noticeable alterations between treated fish and control. Fish in S3 treatment had significantly higher CAT, SOD, Lyz, and IL1 expression ( P < 0.05 ). These results confirmed the beneficial effects of a soil-derived probiotic (S. chartreusis) on the performance and health of common carp.
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Kruusmaa, M., R. Gkliva, J. A. Tuhtan, A. Tuvikene, and J. A. Alfredsen. "Salmon behavioural response to robots in an aquaculture sea cage." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 3 (March 2020): 191220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191220.
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Animal–robot studies can inform us about animal behaviour and inspire advances in agriculture, environmental monitoring and animal health and welfare. Currently, experimental results on how fish are affected by the presence of underwater robots are largely limited to laboratory environments with few individuals and a focus on model species. Laboratory studies provide valuable insight, but their results are not necessarily generalizable to larger scales such as marine aquaculture. This paper examines the effects of underwater robots and a human diver in a large fish aggregation within a Norwegian aquaculture facility, with the explicit purpose to improve the use of underwater robots for fish observations. We observed aquaculture salmon's reaction to the flipper-propelled robot U-CAT in a sea cage with 188 000 individuals. A significant difference in fish behaviour was found using U-CAT when compared to a thruster-driven underwater robot, Argus Mini and a human diver. Specifically, salmon were more likely to swim closer to U-CAT at a lower tailbeat frequency. Fish reactions were not significantly different when considering motor noise or when U-CAT's colour was changed from yellow to silver. No difference was observed in the distance or tailbeat frequency as a response to thruster or flipper motion, when actuated and passively floating robots were compared. These results offer insight into how large aggregations of aquaculture salmon respond to underwater robots. Furthermore, the proposed underwater video processing workflow to assess fish's response to underwater robots is simple and reproducible. This work provides a practical method to study fish–robot interactions, which can lead to improved underwater robot designs to provide more affordable, scalable and effective solutions.
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Stevenson, Deborah. "The Fish and the Cat by Marianne Dubuc." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 71, no. 8 (2018): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0252.
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Hidayat, Yusmar Ardhi. "KAJIAN EFEK MULTIPLIER PRODUK UNGGULAN BERBASIS KLUSTER UKM PENGOLAHAN IKAN ASAP." Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen 11, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jom.v11i1.70.2015.
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The purpose of this research are to analyze scale of production of leading commodities and multiplier effect of cultivation and smoked fish in Wonosari, Bonang Demak. This research applies census method in collecting data from all business unit which identified as leading commodities in Wirosari Village, Bonang, Demak Regency. Regarding survey conducted, there are 18 catfish breeders and 49 smoked fish small business used as respondent. Primary data used in this research are rate of production in basis goods, land area, capital, raw materials, manpower, and income multiplier. To support empirical discussion, tools of analysis used in this research are descriptive statistics and income multiplier. Results of this research are primary commodities in Wonosari Village are smoked fish and fresh cat fish. Total production of smoked fish reaches 6.4 Ton each day for with type of smoked fish such as river cat fish, tongkol, sting-ray, cat fish, and other river fish. Meanwhile total production of catfish breeding reaches 105 Ton in first harvest after 2-3 months. Based on that number, smoked fish business promise higher profit than profits catfish breeding.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat produksi dan efek multiplier produk unggulan budidaya dan pengasapan ikan di Desa Wonosari, Bonang Kabupaten Demak. Penelitian mengunakan metode sensus dengan mencari data dari semua unit usaha yang merupakan produk unggulan di Desa Wirosari, Bonang Kecamatan Demak. Responden yang diperoleh sejumlah 18 pembudidaya ikan dan 49 usaha pengasapan ikan. Data primer yang akan digunakan yaitu data jumlah produksi komoditas unggulan, luas lahan, jumlah modal, bahan baku, tenaga kerja, dan multiplier pendapatan. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statistik deskriptif, dan indeks multiplier pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas unggulan Desa Wonosari Kecamatan Bonang Kabupaten Demak adalah Ikan Asap dan Budidaya Ikan Lele. Total produksi harian ikan asap rata-rata mencapai 6,4 Ton ikan dengan jenis ikan yaitu manyung, tongkol, pari, lele, dan ikan air tawar lainnya. Potensi produksi lele yang dihasilkan Pokdakan Sari Mino yang diperoleh mencapai total 105 ton ikan lele saat panen dalam jangka waktu 2-3 bulan. Berdasarkan multiplier pendapatan, usaha pengasapan ikan lebih memberikan keuntungan dibandingkan dengan budidaya lele.
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Yeesin, Pun, Phichaya Buasriyot, Sukhonthip Ditcharoen, Patcharaporn Chaiyasan, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Sippakorn Juntaree, Sitthisak Jantarat, et al. "Comparative study of four Mystus species (Bagridae, Siluriformes) from Thailand: insights into their karyotypic diversity." Comparative Cytogenetics 15, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15i2.60649.
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Karyotypes of four catfishes of the genus Mystus Scopoli, 1777 (family Bagridae), M. atrifasciatus Fowler, 1937, M. mysticetus Roberts, 1992, M. singaringan (Bleeker, 1846) and M. wolffii (Bleeker, 1851), were analysed by conventional and Ag-NOR banding as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Microsatellite d(GC)15, d(CAA)10, d(CAT)10 and d(GAA)10 repeat probes were applied in FISH. The obtained data revealed that the four studied species have different chromosome complements. The diploid chromosome numbers (2n) and the fundamental numbers (NF) range between 52 and 102, 54 and 104, 56 and 98, or 58 and 108 in M. mysticetus, M. atrifasciatus, M. singaringan or M. wolffii, respectively. Karyotype formulae of M. mysticetus, M. atrifasciatus, M. singaringan and M. wolffii are 24m+26sm+4a, 26m+24sm+2a, 24m+18sm+14a and 30m+22sm+6a, respectively. A single pair of NORs was identified adjacent to the telomeres of the short arm of chromosome pairs 3 (metacentric) in M. atrifasciatus, 20 (submetacentric) in M. mysticetus, 15 (submetacentric) in M. singaringan, and 5 (metacentric) in M. wolffii. The d(GC)15, d(CAA)10, d(CAT)10 and d(GAA)10 repeats were abundantly distributed in species-specific patterns. Overall, we present a comparison of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic patterns of four species from genus Mystus providing insights into their karyotype diversity in the genus.
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Yeesin, Pun, Phichaya Buasriyot, Sukhonthip Ditcharoen, Patcharaporn Chaiyasan, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Sippakorn Juntaree, Sitthisak Jantarat, et al. "Comparative study of four Mystus species (Bagridae, Siluriformes) from Thailand: insights into their karyotypic diversity." Comparative Cytogenetics 15, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i2.60649.
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Karyotypes of four catfishes of the genus Mystus Scopoli, 1777 (family Bagridae), M. atrifasciatus Fowler, 1937, M. mysticetus Roberts, 1992, M. singaringan (Bleeker, 1846) and M. wolffii (Bleeker, 1851), were analysed by conventional and Ag-NOR banding as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Microsatellite d(GC)15, d(CAA)10, d(CAT)10 and d(GAA)10 repeat probes were applied in FISH. The obtained data revealed that the four studied species have different chromosome complements. The diploid chromosome numbers (2n) and the fundamental numbers (NF) range between 52 and 102, 54 and 104, 56 and 98, or 58 and 108 in M. mysticetus, M. atrifasciatus, M. singaringan or M. wolffii, respectively. Karyotype formulae of M. mysticetus, M. atrifasciatus, M. singaringan and M. wolffii are 24m+26sm+4a, 26m+24sm+2a, 24m+18sm+14a and 30m+22sm+6a, respectively. A single pair of NORs was identified adjacent to the telomeres of the short arm of chromosome pairs 3 (metacentric) in M. atrifasciatus, 20 (submetacentric) in M. mysticetus, 15 (submetacentric) in M. singaringan, and 5 (metacentric) in M. wolffii. The d(GC)15, d(CAA)10, d(CAT)10 and d(GAA)10 repeats were abundantly distributed in species-specific patterns. Overall, we present a comparison of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic patterns of four species from genus Mystus providing insights into their karyotype diversity in the genus.
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Abozeid, Mohammed, Belal Saleh, Ashraf Ahmed, Magdy Alwany, and Mohsen El-Sherbiny. "Abundance of the groupers fish (Teleostei: Serranidae) along Gulf of Aqaba." Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/cat.2019.28627.
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Guerreiro, Inês, Ana Couto, Amalia Pérez-Jiménez, Aires Oliva-Teles, and Paula Enes. "Gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed plant feedstuffs or fishmeal-based diets supplemented with short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 12 (October 5, 2015): 1975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003773.
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AbstractThe effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on gut morphology and hepatic oxidative status were studied in European sea bass juveniles weighing 60 g. Fish were fed diets including fishmeal (FM diets) or plant feedstuffs (PF diets; 30 FM:70 PF) as main protein sources (control diets). Four other diets were formulated similar to the control diets but including 1 % scFOS or 1 % XOS. At the end of the trial, fish fed PF-based diets presented histomorphological alterations in the distal intestine, whereas only transient alterations were observed in the pyloric caeca. Comparatively to fish fed FM-based diets, fish fed PF diets had higher liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and lower glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. In fish fed the PF diets, prebiotic supplementation decreased SOD activity and XOS supplementation further decreased CAT activity. In fish fed the FM diets, XOS supplementation promoted a reduction of all antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, dietary XOS and scFOS supplementation had only minor effects on gut morphology or LPO levels. However, dietary XOS reduced antioxidant enzymatic activity in both PF and FM diets, which indicate a positive effect on reduction of hepatic reactive oxygen species production.
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Nowsad, AAKM, MS Hoque, MI Hossain, and MH Shikha. "Improved Methods for the Preparation of Fish Sausage from the Unwashed Mixed Minces of Low-Cost Marine Fish." Progressive Agriculture 18, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18192.
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Fish sausage was prepared from the unwashed minces of 5 low-cost marine fishes (LMF) viz., red jewfish (Johnius orgentatus), sea cat fish (Tachysurus thalassinus), jwelled shad (Ilisha filigera) horse mackeral (Megalaspis cordyla) and skipjack tuna (Sarda orientialis) of the Bay of Bengal. Six different blend compositions from 5 individual minces of LMF were prepared by blending 15 to 30% of the individuals minces. Sausage was prepared from such mince blends by improving the textural strength of the products through different cooking process, ingredients and spices. Textural quality was determined in terms of gel strength, cook loss, sensory softness/firmness (S/F) and chewiness/rubburiness (C/R). Proximate composition and gel forming ability of individual mince blend varied with compositional differences of individuals species. Among the six blends tested, blend C showed highest gel strength which constituted with higher proportion of mince from red jewfish, sea cat fish and horse mackerel. In mince blend C, composition of red jewfish, sea cat fish, horse mackerel, jeweled shad and skipjack tuna were 30%, 20%, 20%, 15% and 15%, respectively. Unwashed and washed individual minces and the mince blend C were incubated at different temperatures from 35° to 55°C and then cooked at 90° or 100°C. Among different heating regimes, unwashed mince blend C showed the highest gel strength at 50°C for 1 hr incubation. Further cooking of the incubated gel at 100°C optimally increased the gelling ability. Among the four cooking methods tested, (boiling, two-step heating, broiling and autoclaving) autoclave cooking at 115°C obtained best textured sausage with significantly increased breaking force, folding test score and chewiness/rubberiness values and decreased cook loss values. Sausages prepared at 115° and 120°C, however, showed almost identical textural quality. Texture and flavor of sausage was affected by washing of the mince but the sensory qualities were unaffected.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18192 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 157 - 166, 2007
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Dodamani, Mahantesh, and Muniswamy David. "Alteration in the Antioxidant Enzymes Activities as Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Stress Caused by Afidopyropen Intoxication in Cyprinus Carpio." Current World Environment 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.1.5.
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This study comparatively investigated the afidopyropen-induced oxidative stress in the fish Cyprinus carpio which is mainly focused on some biochemical parameters such as SOD, CAT, GPx, LPO, ALT, ALP, and GGT activities. Fishes were exposed to different durations (1, 10, 20, and 30 days) in a semi-static method at a sub-lethal concentration of LC50 value. Results show that the duration elicited higher levels of LPO, ALT, and ALP. The LPO levels in the blood were higher in 30 days of exposed fish and this led to significant changes in GPx. The fish exposed for 1 day had found the least increment of 0.71%, and 2.08% in ALT, and ALP activity respectively. The assessment of CAT, GPx, and GGT they were decreased by sub-lethal concentration i.e., 0.2 mg/L of afidopyropen for 10, 20, and 30 days. The results conclude that the afidopyropen has a negative effect on the fish Cyprinus carpio and these differences are evidenced by sensitivity to afidopyropen in the aquatic environment.
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Pathak, S. K., and K. Mudgal. "Fish and fisheries of Virla Reservoir of West Nimar, District M.P., India." Environment Conservation Journal 10, no. 1&2 (June 16, 2009): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2009.101222.
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During course of study on virla reservoir West Nimar (Kargone) M.P., India, total 29 species of fish biodiversity were recorded these belong 6 orders, IO families and 16 genera were observed. On the basis of economic importance fishes weredivided into three major groups viz. catfish (Mystus seenghala, Mystus tengara, Wallago attu and Ompok bimaculattus), major carp (Cat/a cat/a, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) and miscellaneous (Channa sps., Mastacembelus sps. and Notopterus notoptereus). The water body was divided into three zones viz. upstream zone, reservoir zone and downstream zone for fish catch. Tha total annual fish catch computed in this water body was 2465.40 kg. and 2576.40 kg. during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 respectively. The minimum catch were observed in August while maximum in May. The percentage composition of major carp shows decline trend and catfishes shows increasing trend during two years study time. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) ranged between 0.015 to 0.191 kg/ hrs. The water level fluctuations and fish production show inverse relationship.
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Castro, Carolina, Amalia Peréz-Jiménez, Filipe Coutinho, Patricia Díaz-Rosales, Cláudia Alexandra dos Reis Serra, Stéphane Panserat, Geneviève Corraze, Helena Peres, and Aires Oliva-Teles. "Dietary carbohydrate and lipid sources affect differently the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 10 (September 14, 2015): 1584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003360.
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AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on the oxidative status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. For that purpose, four diets were formulated with fish oil (FO) and vegetable oils (VO) as the lipid source and with 20 or 0 % gelatinised starch as the carbohydrate source, in a 2×2 factorial design. Liver and intestine antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), hepatic and intestinal lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as hepatic oxidative stress index (OSI), were measured in fish fed the experimental diets for 73 d (n9 fish/diet). Carbohydrate-rich diets promoted a decrease in hepatic LPO and OSI, whereas the lipid source induced no changes. Inversely, dietary lipid source, but not dietary carbohydrate concentration, affected LPO in the intestine. Lower intestinal LPO was observed in VO groups. Enzymes responsive to dietary treatments were GR, G6PD and CAT in the liver and GR and GPX in the intestine. Dietary carbohydrate induced GR and G6PD activities and depressed CAT activity in the liver. GPX and GR activities were increased in the intestine of fish fed VO diets. Overall, effects of diet composition on oxidative status were tissue-related: the liver and intestine were strongly responsive to dietary carbohydrates and lipid sources, respectively. Furthermore, different metabolic routes were more active to deal with the oxidative stress in the two organs studied.
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Yeltekin, Aslı Ç., and Ahmet R. Oğuz. "Toxic Effects of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Antioxidant Defense System and DNA Damage in Fish Primary Hepatocyte Cultures." Macedonian Veterinary Review 45, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2022-0027.
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Abstract Synthetic detergents which have a major role in environmental pollution accumulate over time and reach levels that harm nature. The surfactants which are abundantly used as cleaning components are discharged into the Van Lake with the sewage water. These chemicals accumulating in the lake may reach a level that could affect the only fish species of the lake, the Van fish. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant levels of Van fish hepatocyte cell culture medium treated with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and to assess the DNA damage. The effect of SLS was assessed by its dose (1x10−5, 1x10-6, 1x10−7 M) and treatment time (24 h, 48 h). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), and DNA damage (8-OHdG) were determined in the SLS hepatocyte culture. SOD and GSH-Px were higher on 24 h and 48 h compared to the control group. A significant increase was observed in CAT level in the first 24 h, especially in 1x10−6 and 1x10-5 M concentration. At 48 h, it was observed that the CAT level decreased significantly as the concentration increased. It was determined that MDA and 8-OHdG levels increased depending on concentration and time. In conclusion, different concentrations of SLS affected antioxidant levels in the primary hepatocyte culture of Van Fish and were found to cause an increase in the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG.
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CREȚU, Romică. "Research on Some Freshwater Fish Catalase Activity - As a Potential Biomarker for Environmental Pollution." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 44, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2021.4.04.
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In the last decade studies show that water pollution is a very serious problem, especially since the degree of water pollution plays a key role in the growth and fish multiplication. As a biomarker of environmental pollution, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) play an essential role in preventing the harmful effects of heavy metals in the tissues of fish. These researches were carried out to investigate the effect of various environment conditions and some pollutant agents on oxidative stress in some aquatic organisms. The enzymatic assay of CAT (in fish organs, e.g., liver, kidney, gill, intestine and brain, as well as in mixture of these organs) was carried out according to standard enzyme assay protocol.
The results showed decrease of CAT activity: the enzymatic activity was 35.89 ± 1.02 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to pH 7 and 6.59 ± 0.47 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to pH 12. More, the enzymatic activity was 38.1 ± 0.3 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to pH 3. Also, the catalase activity increased with 23 enzymatic units to a less dissolved oxygen concentration (6.2877 mg/L).
Furthermore, this study indicated that heavy metals, such as Cr, Cu and Zn can inhibit biochemical reactions in various organs of fish. During exposure duration of the fish to a mixture of metal ions the catalase activity decreases from 35.89 ± 1.02 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to 23.51 ± 2.85 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein. On the other hand, as a result of the response of the enzyme system, the catalase activity increases to 36.25 ± 3.22 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein.
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Nguyen Quang Thieu, Hoang Quang Vinh, Do Hoai Nam, Dao Thi Ha Thanh, and Do Trung Dung. "FISH BORNE TREMATODE INFECTION IN THAC BA LAKE – NORTHERN VIETNAM: HYPERENDEMIC ISSUE AND VARIETY ASOCIATED RISK FACTORS." TẠP CHÍ PHÒNG CHỐNG BỆNH SỐT RÉT VÀ CÁC BỆNH KÝ SINH TRÙNG 132, no. 6 (July 3, 2023): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59253/tcpcsr.v132i6.186.
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A cross sectional survey was conducted in three communes including An Phucommune of Luc Yen district, and Bao Ai and Mong Son communes in Yen Binh districtnear by Thac Ba lake of Yen Bai Province in August and September, 2019 to investigatethe FZTs (liver fluke C. sinensis and intestinal flukes included H. pumilio, H. taichui, H.yokogawai, Procerovum varium and C. formosanus) infection status in the area and todetermine the associated risk factors of the diseases using Formaline ether concentrationtechnique and interview by questionnaire.1214 individuals with an average age of 41 years old were involved in the presentstudy, among the participants, 47.5% were infected with FBT. By univariate analysis, thefactors were at the most significant risk of getting infected were persons who were men,ate raw fish, prepared raw dish with fish from the lake, drank whisky with raw dish, livedin Luc Yen District, lived next to the lake (< 500 m from house to the lake, and their age(age of 20 – 39); breeding dog & cat, feeding dog & cat with raw fish were associated tothe FBT as well. There was no relationship between house characteristics (having hygienelatrine or fish pond) and FBT infection.Identification of recovered trematodes: 757 adult flukes were expelled from 6 willingpatients (R2=0.803) in the two districts, of which 20 flukes were randomly selected forcarmine stain. All stained flukes were identified as C. sinensis by the most typicalmorphology traits: the tandem and dendritic testes overlap the caeca laterally and site inthe posterior third of the body.We need conduct a prevention and control program at the Thac Ba lake for not onlyhuman but also animal cat, dog, fish and snail asap.
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Janssens, B. J., J. J. Childress, F. Baguet, and J. F. Rees. "Reduced enzymatic antioxidative defense in deep-sea fish." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 24 (December 15, 2000): 3717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.24.3717.
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Oxygen, while being an obligate fuel for aerobic life, has been shown to be toxic through its deleterious reactive species, which can cause oxidative stress and lead ultimately to cell and organism death. In marine organisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, are generated within respiring cells and tissues and also by photochemical processes in sea water. Considering both the reduced metabolic rate of nektonic organisms thriving in the deep sea and the physico-chemical conditions of this dark, poorly oxygenated environment, the meso- and bathypelagic waters of the oceans might be considered as refuges against oxidative dangers. This hypothesis prompted us to investigate the activities of the three essential enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX) constitutive of the antioxidative arsenal of cells in the tissues of 16 species of meso- and bathypelagic fishes occurring between the surface and a depth of 1300 m. While enzymatic activities were detected in all tissues from all species, the levels of SOD and GPX decreased in parallel with the exponential reduction in the metabolic activity as estimated by citrate synthase activity. In contrast, CAT was affected neither by the metabolic activity nor by the depth of occurrence of the fishes. High levels of metabolic and antioxidative enzymes were detected in the light organs of bioluminescent species. The adjustment of the activity of SOD and GPX to the decreased metabolic activity associated with deep-sea living suggests that these antioxidative defense mechanisms are used primarily against metabolically produced ROS, whereas the maintenance of CAT activity throughout all depths could be indicative of another role. The possible reasons for the occurrence of such a reduced antioxidative arsenal in deep-sea species are discussed.
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Sun, Cen-Cen, Wei-Ren Dong, Tong Shao, Jiang-Yuan Li, Jing Zhao, Li Nie, Li-Xin Xiang, Guan Zhu, and Jian-Zhong Shao. "Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is a dual-function enzyme by possessing Cys-independent catalase-like activity." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 8 (April 4, 2017): 1373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160851.
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Peroxiredoxin (Prx) was previously known as a Cys-dependent thioredoxin. However, we unexpectedly observed that Prx1 from the green spotted puffer fish Tetraodon nigroviridis (TnPrx1) was able to reduce H2O2 in a manner independent of Cys peroxidation and reductants. This study aimed to validate a novel function for Prx1, delineate the biochemical features and explore its antioxidant role in cells. We have confirmed that Prx1 from the puffer fish and humans truly possesses a catalase (CAT)-like activity that is independent of Cys residues and reductants, but dependent on iron. We have identified that the GVL motif was essential to the CAT-like activity of Prx1, but not to the Cys-dependent thioredoxin peroxidase (POX) activity, and generated mutants lacking POX and/or CAT-like activities for individual functional validation. We discovered that the TnPrx1 POX and CAT-like activities possessed different kinetic features in the reduction of H2O2. The overexpression of wild-type TnPrx1 and mutants differentially regulated the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of p38 in HEK-293T cells treated with H2O2. Prx1 is a dual-function enzyme by acting as POX and CAT with varied affinities towards ROS. This study extends our knowledge on Prx1 and provides new opportunities to further study the biological roles of this family of antioxidants.
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Wichaiyo, Woragon, Wirat Parnsila, Wisit Chaveepojnkamjorn, and Banchob Sripa. "Predictive risk factors towards liver fluke infection among the people in Kamalasai District, Kalasin Province, Thailand." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211984020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119840201.
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Background: Liver fluke disease caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem with its crucial risk factors caused by some individual habits or false beliefs among the people in northeastern Thailand concerning the consumption of raw fish meat dishes. Objectives: This study explores the predictive risk factors for the infection of liver fluke disease. Methods: The sample consisted of 400 people aged 30 years and above in Thanya sub-district, Kamalasai district, Kalasin province. A cross-sectional analytic study, using the χ2 test, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, was used to find the influence of each variable, along with the use of multiple logistic regression (p = 0.05). A questionnaire form was used as the research instrument. Results: Factors found in the results are as follows: households with a cat were 7.00 times more at risk than households without a cat; eating raw fish dishes prepared by themselves increases the risk of infection by 2.58 times; eating raw fish dishes prepared by family members increases the risk by 4.74 times; and raw fish dishes bought from a community market increases the risk by 2.33 times. Conclusion: A campaign should be launched to educate people not to eat raw or undercooked fish dishes, but to fully cook fish dishes before eating, as the food is still delicious, but also safe, healthy, and free from liver fluke infection.
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Tarle, Dagne, Mitiku Guya, Solomon Abera, and Getachew Bekele Fereja. "Effect of Drying Methods and Pre Treatments on Nutritional Value and Sensory Quality of Fish (Oreochromis niloticus, Pylodictis olivaris and Cyprinus carpio) Species Commonly Used in Gambella Region." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i1.22-30.500.
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This study was conducted to assess the effect of drying methods and pre-treatments on nutritional content and sensory quality of dried fish. The experiment was conducted in factorial arrangement of 2×3×2 with two drying methods (sun and oven drying), three fish species (tilapia, cat fish and carp) and two preservatives treatment (garlic and ginger juice) laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Fresh fillets were analysed for their nutritional value and sensory quality. The compositions of the fresh fillets were 6.50-7.59% for ash, 74.20-76.67% for protein, 8.06-9.09% for fat and 8.47-9.12% for total carbohydrates. Drying reduced the moisture contents from 74.74-75.81% to between 7.76-8.25%, making it safe for storage. The ash content changed from 7.11 to 7.34 and from 6.50% to 6.34% for cat fish and tilapia, respectively, with statistical significance whereas no change was observed in carp with 7.60% because of drying. Drying method had no difference in ash and protein contents while increase in fat from 7.75 to 9.44% and a decrease in carbohydrate from 9.37 to 8.13% were observed in sun dried samples than that of oven dried fillets. This study showed that nutritional values of dry fish did not statistically changed during storage period of 3 months.
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Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein, Seyed Morteza Hoseini, and Dara Bagheri. "Effects of Galactooligosaccharide and Pediococcus Acidilactici on Antioxidant Defence and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0024.
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Abstract The present study investigated the effects of dietary prebiotic galactooligosaccharide [(GOS), 1%], probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici) [7.57 log CFU g-1] and synbiotic (GOS + P. acidilactici) on antioxidant enzymes activity and disease resistance of rainbow trout (15.04±0.52 g). After 8 weeks feeding on the experimental diets, liver catalase (CAT ), glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Thereafter, all fish were challenged by Streptococcus iniae. Probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic had no significant effect on liver MDA level compared to the control group (P>0.05). However, CAT , GST and GR activities were significantly higher in the fish fed probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The highest CAT and GST activities were observed in the fish fed diet supplemented with synbiotic. There were no significant differences in GR activity among different groups (P>0.05). Bacterial challenge showed that feeding on probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic remarkably increased resistance against S. iniae (P<0.05), with the highest resistance observed in the synbiotic group. The results indicated that although both GOS and P. acidilactici significantly increased antioxidant defence and improved disease resistance, combination of GOS and P. acidilactici had an additive effect. Combination of GOS and P. acidilactici is recommended to increase trout antioxidant capacity and streptococcosis.
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Batista, Maria Tereza Oliveira, Marilia Elias de Almeida, Gannabathula Sree Vani, Mariana Feijó de Oliveira, Edson Rodrigues, and Cecilia Nahomi Kawagoe Suda. "Enzymes from kidney, gill and brain tissues of Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari) as biomarkers of environmental impact in the Una River basin." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 7 (December 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2314.
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The Una River and its basin constitute an important water source for public supply in the municipality of Taubaté (SP, Brazil). The present work aimed to investigate biochemical markers of environmental pollution in the Una river basin using enzymes extracted from the kidneys, gills and brains of Astyanax bimaculatus, a fish commonly found in this basin. Tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were determined in tissues of A. bimaculatus collected in water bodies localized at Fazenda Piloto of the University of Taubaté (P1), the Remédios municipal road (P2) and at a small lake near the neighborhood of Ipiranga (P3), all located in the municipality of Taubaté. The lowest activities of renal and gill SOD were found in fish collected from P2 and P3, respectively. Renal and branchial CAT, renal MDH and LDH, as well as the activity of cerebral LDH were not affected by collection site. The activities of brain MDH and AChE were higher in fish from P3 in comparison with P1. These results along with earlier published findings, indicate that the hepatic SOD and CAT, gill SOD and LDH, muscle MDH and brain MDH and AChE are sensitive to contamination in the environment and hence can be considered as good candidate biomarkers of environmental change in the Una River basin.
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Bahuguna, Pankaj, and H. K. Joshi. "Statistical observation on the length weight relationship of brain and body in a cold water cat fish Amblyceps mangois from Garhwal region." Environment Conservation Journal 11, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2010): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2010.1204.
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The paper deals with statistical analysis of fish brain and body parameter in a cold water small cat fish Amblyceps mangois (Ham.-Buch.) from Garhwal Central Himalayan region. During the course of study a total of 82 specimens were selected and were carried out for statistical observation. It was observed that standard length of fish fluctuated between 42.38 ± 1.80 mm to 71.00 ± 0.20 mm while the fish weight, brain length and brain weight fluctuated from 1408.69 ± 103.39 mg to 3966.00 ± 202.03 mg , 6.23 ± 0.83 mm to 8.83 ± 0.41 mm and 4.92 ± 0.95 mg to 12.00 ± 2.28 mg respectively.