Journal articles: 'Casual labourer'

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Blaauw, Phillip, Anmar Pretorius, Christie Schoeman, and Rinie Schenck. "Explaining Migrant Wages: The Case Of Zimbabwean Day Labourers In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2012): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i12.7413.

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There has been an increasing inflow of migrants and refugees into South Africa during the last two decades. The origin of these migrants is mainly from South Africas long-established sources of migrant workers, including countries from the Southern African Development Community. Over the last decade, African immigrants have encountered brutal manifestations of resentment at their presence in South Africa. The reasons for this are multifaceted, but one of the pertinent perceptions is that immigrants from the countrys northern borders are taking South Africans jobs. It is often claimed that casual immigrant workers are willing to work for very low daily wages. In doing so, they get temporary employment in the informal and formal economy at the expense of South African workers, who have much higher reservation wages in the same informal labour market. This is the first study to focus on the wages of migrant day labourers in South Africa by investigating the determinants of day labour wages for migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe. The respondents for this study were interviewed during the first countrywide survey of day labourers in South Africa during 2007. The paper concludes that the income from migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe often exceeds that of the average day labourer in South Africa. The Zimbabweans are, in many cases, better qualified than the average day labourer in South Africa. The main determinants of these migrant wages are their formal level of schooling, language proficiency and the completion of vocational training courses.

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Murthy, Venkatesh, and Jaganth G. "Making of an entrepreneur: a journey with leather – MVR Leathers." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2019-0141.

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Learning outcomes The case discussion will help the participants figure out ways the entrepreneur could handle problems such as labour shortage, demonetisation and customer retention and find possible strategies to overcome them. Case overview/synopsis MVR Leathers is a small-scale leather-processing unit located in Chennai. MVR was the brainchild of Venkat Raj, who started his career in 1982 as a casual labourer in an unrelated domain. His unwavering persistence helped him to become an independent entrepreneur by 2008. In achieving his dream to become an entrepreneur, Raj encountered many challenges and an equal number of new opportunities. Each time he faced a challenge, he met a new set of people who helped him. However, at times, the same people who had helped him once might throw him out of the scene. In brief, his struggle is never-ending. He keeps fighting to come back and find new avenues to success. A different set of challenges surfaced as he took charge of his firm as a sole owner. Once again, he countered those challenges with courage and grit. In doing so, he made full use of his experience. Complexity academic level The case can be used for discussions at the executive, postgraduate and undergraduate levels. Academic courses that address topics such as entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, small-firm strategies, business environments, leather industry, leadership, human resource management and entrepreneurial journeys can use the case for classroom learning. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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YAMAMOTO, CHIAKI. "Two Labour Markets in Nineteenth-Century English Agriculture: The Trentham Home Farm, Staffordshire." Rural History 15, no. 1 (March 17, 2004): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793303001109.

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Traditionally, historians have tended to accept the view that agricultural labourers in nineteenth-century England were subject to seasonal unemployment. In this article, however, it is argued that this is an over-simplification, and that there were in fact two coexisting labour markets. Using two sets of micro data, a wage book and the Census Enumerators' Books, it will be revealed (1) that there were two groups of agricultural labourers: those who were employed throughout the year (core workers) and those employed only in the busiest season (casual workers); (2) that the core workers and casual workers performed different tasks; (3) that they had different places of residence; and (4) that the casual workers' wages were more market-dependent. The movement of wages at the time of the arrival of Irish migrant labourers sheds further light on the different natures of the two markets. While core workers' wages appear to have been unaffected by this change in labour demand, English casual workers' and women's wages increased sensitively.

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Latha, Dr R., and C. Leenaa. "A Study on Awareness about Statutory Benefits among Casual Labours in a Multi-Speciality Hospital in Coimbatore." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43060.

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Abstract: Statutory benefits are labour benefits which are implemented and required by the government. These statutory benefits include ESI, PF, maternity leave, wages and gratuity. It also enables them to choose the benefits based on their personal situation. When casual labours lack awareness about statutory benefits they can't use the benefits at right situation. The purpose of this study is to look into the awareness about statutory benefits among casual labours. Here a questionnaire was framed and circulated to the employees at the hospital. The expected outcome of this paper is to improve the already existing work place safety for casual labours in the hospital. The findings are also expected to pave the way for future research purpose. Keyword: Benefits, statutory, casual labours, employee, hospital, awareness.

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NARAPARAJU, KARTHIKEYA. "Impediments to contract enforcement in day labour markets: a perspective from India." Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 3 (November 4, 2015): 651–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137415000442.

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AbstractIn developing countries, lack of formal contract enforcement mechanisms is compensated by informal governance enforced through trust, kinship, reputation, etc. This paper focuses on one such setting in India's urban informal economy: the ‘day labour’ market for casual labour. We survey seven such markets in Navi Mumbai (a city on the outskirts of Mumbai), and find considerable incidence of contract enforcement problems in the form of employers reneging on wage payments to labourers. We find that payments to labourers with access to social networks and a record of work done are less likely to be reneged. Further, consistent with the literature on the limits of informal enforcement, we find that labourers in large markets, with greater linguistic and caste-based diversity, are more likely to be reneged. We argue that interventions aimed at facilitating access to formal mechanisms might help overcome some of the limitations with informal enforcement.

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Green, Colin, and Gareth Leeves. "Casual Jobs and Internal Labour Markets." Manchester School 72, no. 5 (September 2004): 658–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2004.00415.x.

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D’Souza, Errol. "Migrants and Informal Casual Labour Markets." Indian Journal of Labour Economics 62, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41027-019-00194-5.

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Birch, Elisa, and Alison Preston. "The Australian labour market in 2019." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620909147.

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1 This article provides an overview of the key features of the labour market in 2019, with historical data providing insight into recent trends. In 2019, the female labour force participation rate reached an all-time high of 61.3%, 10 percentage points lower than the male rate. Disaggregated analysis shows this growth stems from rising participation amongst older women. This, in turn, is underpinned by a growth in feminised sectors of the labour market, notably the Health Care and Social Assistance sector. Since 2000 this sector has contributed 22.6% to total employment growth and at 2019 accounted for 13.5% of the Australian workforce. There has also been a growth in part-time and casual employment over recent years, with the latter now accounting for 25% of all employees. These are concerning developments, with estimates showing that 58.6% of casuals are not guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work in their job. The article notes that wages growth remains below that required to stimulate employment growth, and that a continued focus on conventional labour market indicators has the potential to lead to misguided policy formulation.

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Green, Erik. "State-Led Agricultural Intensification and Rural Labour Relations: The Case of the Lilongwe Land Development Programme in Malawi, 1968–1981." International Review of Social History 55, no. 3 (December 2010): 413–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000180.

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SummaryThis article deals with cash crop production and its impact on labour relations in postcolonial African peasant agriculture. The focus is on the Lilongwe Land Development Programme (1968–1981) in Malawi. The aim of the programme was to enable African farmers to increase yields and make them shift from the cultivation of tobacco and local maize to groundnuts and high-yielding varieties of maize. The programme failed to meet its goals, because of contradictory forces set in motion by the programme itself. The LLDP enabled a larger segment of farmers to engage in commercial agriculture, which caused a decline in supplies of local labourers ready to be employed on a casual or permanent basis. Increased commercial production was thus accompanied by a de-commercialization of labour relations, which hampered the scope for better-off farmers to increase yields by employing additional labourers. By using both written and oral sources, this article thus provides an empirical case that questions the conventional view that increased cash-crop production in twentieth-century rural Africa was accompanied by a commercialization of labour relations. It concludes that the history of rural labour relations cannot be grasped by simple linear models of historical change, but requires an understanding of local contexts, with a focus on farming systems and factors that determine the local supply of and demand for labour.

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Buchler, Sandra, Michele Haynes, and Janeen Baxter. "Casual employment in Australia." Journal of Sociology 45, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783309335648.

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This article uses data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) 2001 survey to examine whether there is a difference in financial well-being between casual and permanent employees. The study examines two measures of financial difficulty and one measure of financial satisfaction and finds that casual employees fare worse than permanent employees on all three measures. The results indicate that casual employees are less likely to afford basic costs of living, such as bills and mortgage/rent, and have higher levels of financial difficulty as well as lower levels of financial satisfaction. The article concludes that casual employment imposes significant financial strains on employees.

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McCrystal, Shae. "Casual Employment and Labour Standards in Australia." Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rdctss.910.

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Aladekomo, Florence Olanrewaju. "Casual Labour in a Nigerian Urban Center." Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (November 2004): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2004.11892451.

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Campbell, Iain. "Casual Employment, Labour Regulation and Australian Trade Unions." Journal of Industrial Relations 38, no. 4 (December 1996): 571–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569603800404.

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This article explores the implications for trade unions of the rapid expansion in Australia of casual employment—a distinctive form of non-standard employment characterized by a lack of entitlement to most employment benefits and forms of employment protection. The article summarizes the main features of casual em ployment and the evidertce for its growth since 1982. It highlights the role of award regulation in shaping casual employment. Casual employment is identified as unprotected employment, which survived within the award system and indeed flourished in the gaps created by officially sanctioned exemptions from protection and limits in the enforcement and reach of award regulation. Labour market deregulation in the 1990s has in turn widened these gaps and facilitated both an expansion of casual employment and an extension of some casual conditions of employment into sections of the permanent workforce. These developments offer a major challenge to Australian trade unions. They underline the failure of tradi tional trade union policies, oriented to a simple rejection of all forms of non- standard employment. They pose a threat both to the set of employment rights and benefits slowly built up by trade union action in the course of past decades and to the legitimacy of trade unions as representative institutions. Australian trade unions are still struggling to come to grips with this threat. Traditional policies remain dominant, but recent trade union policy and practical efforts point towards a new approach that builds on a less hostile and more discriminating attitude to non-standard employment. In relation to the crucial issue of labour regulation the new approach pivots on the important theme of decasualization. The direction of change is promising. But the article argues that the new approach remains weak and underdeveloped as a result of its narrow orientation to the redesign of agreements within the shrinking sphere of effective regulation, its focus on casual status rather than casual conditions of employment and its inability to find effective levers for implementation

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Burgess, John, and Iain Campbell. "Casual Employment in Australia: Growth, Characteristics, a Bridge or a Trap?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 9, no. 1 (June 1998): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469800900102.

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About one in every four Australian employees is a casual. The casual share has doubled over the past decade and continues to expand. This paper catalogues the growth of casual employment and discusses the characteristics of casual jobs and of those in casual jobs. The key analytical issue discussed is whether casual employment is a transitional employment arrangement on the road towards permanent employment conditions. Alternatively, is it a trap which is associated with job insecurity, low earnings and spells outside of employment? Although the evidence is partial and circumstantial, casual employment is a bridge for some and a trap for others. In particular, for those who wish to beak out of unemployment, casual employment is unlikely to be a transitional point on the road to a permanent job. This finding has important implications for the design of labour market programs.

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Weinhauer, Klaus. "Labour Market, Work Mentality and Syndicalism: Dock Labour in the United States and Hamburg, 1900–1950s." International Review of Social History 42, no. 2 (August 1997): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000114890.

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SummaryThis international comparison firstly examines labour market organization, casual labour and work mentality in North American seaports and in Hamburg. By contrast to British ports, these ports finally dispensed with casual labour between the world economic crisis and the Second World War, and labour markets there were centralized. Secondly, the industrial militancy of mobile dockworkers without permanent jobs is examined through a consideration of syndicalist organizations (1919–1921), and interpreted as an interplay of experiences with power in the network of labour market, workplace and docklands. The study refers repeatedly to the decisive dividing line between regularly and irregularly employed dockworkers. National differences in trade union representation and dispute behaviour are analysed by reference to dockworkers' direct actions.

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Bernstein, Deborah. "The Subcontracting of Cleaning Work: A Case in the Casualisation of Labour." Sociological Review 34, no. 2 (May 1986): 396–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1986.tb02708.x.

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Casual labour is defined in this article as labour lacking security of income and employment. It is argued that such labour has remained an integral type of labour organization in modern capitalist economies, and has even been expanding both in advanced and declining sectors. The article studies in detail one specific process of casualisation-the transition to subcontracting in the case of cleaning work, as it took place in Israel. The major considerations leading to such a transition are specified – the desire to cut costs and to find new sources of labour. The basic differences between subcontracted labour and direct wage labour are discussed, focusing on the intensification of labour, the deterioration of wages and benefits and the obstacles to workers organization. The relation is then examined between subcontracted labour and the composition of the labour force, primarily the displacement of Jewish by Arab women workers and the differentiation which has developed between groups of subcontracted workers on the basis of gender, nationality and citizenship. The role of the state and the labour movement in this process of casualisation is highlighted throughout the discussion. Concluding with some final comments of the more general significance of casual labour for the highly organized Israeli labour force and working class.

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May, Robyn, David Peetz, and Glenda Strachan. "The casual academic workforce and labour market segmentation in Australia." Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work 23, no. 3 (September 2013): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2013.839085.

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Porter, J. H. "Economic Justice and Freedom of Contract." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 1, no. 3 (April 1986): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x8600100304.

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The concept of ‘freedom of contract’ developed by academic economists and the legal profession in the ninteenth century assumed an equality of circumstance between master and servant. The divergence between this concept and the experience was revealed in the dock and general labourers’ disputes of 1889–90 and in the Plymouth dock strike of 1890 in particular. There casual dock labourers faced wealthy organised coal merchants and a hostile bench of magistrates. The issues raised in the 1890 dispute illuminate the current debates on picketing, intimidation and the ‘right to manage’.

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Mukha, О., and І. Shaikhlislamova. "EXPERT STUDY OF CAUSAL RELATION FOR ARRANGEMENT OF WORK AT WORKING AREA." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 20, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2019.35.

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Coal mining at working areas of coal mines is a complex and multifaceted process causing a wide range of hazards for employees. Arrangement of work at working area is determined by many acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety. The circumstances are likely to cause safety rules violation resulting in incident (emergency, safety incident). The study of such situations requires a forensic expert to be familiar with the proper methodological base of mining and engineering expert study. Aim of the paper: to develop a model of casual relation determining between safety incident occurrence and persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area. For reliable results obtaining the following methods were applied: analysis of acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety, as well as engineering and logical analysis. Practical paper results consist in determining a group of persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area of coal mine, by forensic expert carrying out mining and engineering expert study by means of the model of casual relation. Considering the results of analysis of acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety determining the requirements to the technological and project documents for working area with application of engineering and logical approach the model was developed for casual relation determining between safety incident occurrence and persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area. The model is helpful for determining the peculiarities of action (inaction) of persons being under the proper conditions in direct or indirect casual relation with an incident.

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Osagie, Reuben, Christopher olubunmi Ojo, and Macduff okorode Efetabore. "EFFECT OF CASUALIZATION ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN ORGANIZATIONS." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss7.1554.

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Casualization of labour in the world and indeed Nigeria is against the tenets of labour and this has caused continuous conflict between workers, labour unions, and employers across organizations in Nigeria and the world over. It is even more appalling to note that casual workers are barred from unionizing (trade union), denying them access to certain benefits in the organization. This is the essence to which the paper undertakes to examine the “impact of casualization on workers’ performance”. The objective of this study is to examine if casualization of work affects the productivity and output of casual workers. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study, the population of the study was from Coca-cola Bottling company (food and beverages), and Lolitta Manufacturing company makers of X-pression Hair product (Cosmestics industry) selected using simple proportion and random sampling techniques. The sample size was 152 respondents. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Correlation and Regression tools were used to analyze the data. Results shows that casualization policy (absence of leave and leave allowance, absence of injury compensations and other social benefits) affects performance and effectiveness of casual workers. The study recommends stringent measures to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Casualization Prohibition Bill, 2010 leading to equal rights to all workers. This study further suggest a maximum period of six (6) month probation upon which all casual workers are converted to permanent staffs across organizations in Nigeria. The study also suggest that defaulting organizations are made to face the penalty irrespective of the status of the organization or owners. This way, organizations in Nigeria will attain acceptable human resources practices status as stated by ILO.

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Et. al., Narehan Hassan,. "THE INFLUENCE OF CO-WORKER INCIVILITY TOWARDS DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF CASUAL DINING RESTAURANTS FRONTLINE EMPLOYEES IN THE KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.307.

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The past decade has seen a growing number of casual dining restaurants in Malaysia. This trend of consumption is due to modern lifestyle, socio-demographic, and social media influence. Nevertheless, restaurants struggle to maintain a productive work environment and report to have association with incivility and deviant behaviour which in long run create destruction. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of co-worker incivility towards employees performing deviant behaviour with the moderating role of emotional labour. Total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to the frontline employees of casual restaurants in the Klang Valley. The result pointed out that there was a significant positive correlation between co-worker incivility and deviant behaviour with a moderating effect of emotional labour.

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Deb, Surajit. "Livelihood Prospects Across Social Classes in Rural India." Social Change 49, no. 2 (June 2019): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719844117.

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In the third part of the Social Change Social Indicator series, we look at livelihood prospects across social classes in rural India. The rural population in India earns its living from different livelihood types—farming, agricultural labour, other manual labour, domestic services or other jobs. The majority of farmers in the country are however small landholders and therefore depend on other sources of income to earn enough money to survive or to even purchase crucially needed seeds and fertilisers. Then there are the agricultural labours who do not own land of their own and work in the fields to earn daily wages. Since the land support for these rural families has become increasingly difficult, a section of the rural population has started looking outside their locale for jobs. In recent decades, jobs for urban construction and private security services industry has provided a potential alternative for backward or economically weaker sections from the rural and semi-urban areas of the country. The government has been trying to provide employment opportunities and livelihood for villagers within their villages by encouraging them to start their own enterprises, supporting them by providing some training and finance. But although rural occupational opportunities have increased comparatively in several states, the creation of productive livelihoods for different social classes remains a challenge in certain rural segments of India. From data one observes that while a majority of Schedules Caste (SC) farmers remain daily wagers, the livelihood of the Scheduled Tribe (ST) community remains dependent on forest, agriculture and animal husbandry. The Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011, provides survey data on the livelihood opportunities of SC, ST and Non-SC–ST households across sources such as cultivation, non-agricultural own account enterprises, manual casual labourers, part- or full-time domestic services, ragpicking, begging and others.1 Our analysis of data refers to eighteen states that cover more than 95 per cent of the SC or ST population in the country.

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Kalizinje, Frank. "A woman’s work is never done: fiscal policy and women’s labour supply in Malawi." African Multidisciplinary Tax Journal 2021, no. 1 (February 2021): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/amtj/2021/i1a3.

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The study sought to identify factors that fiscal policy can target to induce beneficial female labour force participation (FLFP) in formal wage, casual (ganyu) and agricultural labour. To achieve this, the study first used the Multinomial Logit Model on Malawi’s Second Integrated Household Survey dataset (IHS2) to predict the occupational distribution and to test for differences in the factors associated with the choice among the three labour outcomes. This helped to identify channels through which gender-responsive fiscal policies can target and enhance FLFP and in turn uplift women’s welfare. The empirical results revealed that when women are poor, residing in rural areas, not married or are heads of households and are least educated, they are more likely to supply casual and/or agricultural labour compared to formal wage labour. Therefore, to enhance women’s welfare through FLFP, gender-sensitive spending programmes should target women with such characteristics. The study further recommended increased gender-sensitive spending on farm credit and inputs, literacy education, girls’ education and public-works programmes. It further encouraged strict adherence to gender budgeting at national and local government level. To finance these proposals the study suggested introducing a levy on alcohol and tobacco the revenue of which should strictly be used to empower girls and enhance women’s labour supply.

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Sanchez, Andrew. "Deadwood and paternalism: rationalizing casual labour in an Indian company town." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18, no. 4 (November 5, 2012): 808–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01793.x.

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May, Robyn, Glenda Strachan, and David Peetz. "Workforce development and renewal in Australian universities and the management of casual academic staff." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.10.3.3.

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Most undergraduate teaching in Australia’s universities is now performed by hourly paid staff, and these casual academics form the majority of the academic teaching workforce in our universities. This recent development has significant implications for the careers and working lives of those staff, for other academic staff, and for students, implications which are yet to be closely examined. Investigation of the working conditions of casual academic teaching staff is important, as the ageing of the continuing academic workforce suggests the universities will need to consider workforce development and renewal, and the casual academic workforce may represent an important source of labour. This paper examines the support casual academic staff receive from their universities to undertake their work, and how this level of support has an impact on their job and career satisfaction. It uses data from the Work and Careers in Australian Universities Survey, conducted in 2011 across 19 universities. Casual academic teaching staff answered questions which provided information on a range of demographic details, conditions of work, their motivations for casual work, and their access to a range of job and career supports. The research found that there is variation among universities in their provision of physical supports such as provision of a desk and computer, supports for collegial inclusion such as meeting attendance, and access to professional training. The range of assistance provided to these staff had an impact on their job and career satisfaction.

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Hahn, Markus H., Duncan McVicar, and Mark Wooden. "Is casual employment in Australia bad for workers’ health?" Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106568.

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ObjectivesThis paper assessed the impact of working in casual employment, compared with permanent employment, on eight health attributes that make up the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey, separately by sex. The mental health impacts of casual jobs with irregular hours over which the worker reports limited control were also investigated.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, over the period 2001–2018, were used to investigate the relationship between the eight SF-36 subscales and workers’ employment contract type. Individual, household and job characteristic confounders were included in dynamic panel data regression models with correlated random effects.ResultsFor both men and women, health outcomes for casual workers were no worse than for permanent workers for any of the eight SF-36 health attributes. For some health attributes, scores for casual workers were higher (ie, better) than for permanent workers (role physical: men: β=1.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.20, women: β=1.79, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.80; bodily pain: women: β=0.90, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.54; vitality: women: β=0.65, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.18; social functioning: men: β=1.00, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.73); role emotional: men: β=1.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.89, women: β=1.24, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.24). Among women (but not men), mental health and role emotional scores were lower for irregular casual workers than for regular permanent workers but not statistically significantly so.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that casual employment in Australia is detrimental to self-assessed worker health.

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Hosking, Amanda, and Mark Western. "The effects of non-standard employment on work—family conflict." Journal of Sociology 44, no. 1 (March 2008): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307085803.

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Over the last five decades the Australian labour market has changed profoundly, one prominent aspect being an increase in non-standard forms of employment. Using data from the first wave of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia project, this article explores whether non-standard employment is associated with greater or reduced work—family conflict among employed parents and whether experiences vary by gender. We focus on three types of non-standard employment: part-time hours, casual and fixed-term contracts and non-standard scheduling practices. Regression analyses show that mothers who work full-time rather than part-time experience significantly greater work—family conflict. Casual employment is not linked to a reduction in work—family conflict for either mothers or fathers once we control for working hours. Even though mothers are the primary carer in most families, mothers do not report greater work—family conflict than fathers. We attribute this finding to gender differences in the time spent in employment.

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Louie, Amber M., Aleck S. Ostry, Michael Quinlan, Tessa Keegel, Jean Shoveller, and Anthony D. LaMontagne. "Empirical Study of Employment Arrangements and Precariousness in Australia." Articles 61, no. 3 (February 6, 2007): 465–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014186ar.

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Much research on precarious employment compares permanent workers with one or two other broadly-defined employment categories. We developed a more refined method of examining precariousness by defining current employment arrangements in terms of job characteristics. These employment arrangement categories were then compared in terms of socio-demographics and self-reported job insecurity. This investigation was based on a cross-sectional population-based survey of a random sample of 1,101 working Australians. Eight mutually exclusive employment categories were identified: Permanent Full-time (46.4%), Permanent Part-time (18.3%), Casual Full-time (2.7%), Casual Part-time (9.3%), Fixed Term Contract (2.1%), Labour Hire (3.6%), Own Account Self-employed (7.4%), and Other Self-employed (9.5%). These showed significant and coherent differences in job characteristics, socio-demographics and perceived job insecurity. These empirically-supported categories may provide a conceptual guide for government agencies, policy makers and researchers in areas including occupational health and safety, taxation, labour market regulations, the working poor, child poverty, benefit programs, industrial relations, and skills development.

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Schneer, Jonathan, Gordon Phillips, and Noel Whiteside. "Casual Labour: The Unemployment Question in the Port Transport Industry, 1880-1970." American Historical Review 91, no. 5 (December 1986): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1864439.

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D'Sena, Peter. "Perquisites and Casual Labour on the London Wharfside in the Eighteenth Century." London Journal 14, no. 2 (November 1989): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ldn.1989.14.2.130.

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Bryceson, Deborah Fahy. "Ganyu casual labour, famine and HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi: causality and casualty." Journal of Modern African Studies 44, no. 2 (June 2006): 173–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x06001595.

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Over the past ten years, Malawian peasant farming households have endured a number of material and life-threatening setbacks. The absence of subsidised fertiliser loans to farmers continues to trouble villagers a decade after their removal. Yields of both food and cash crops have been declining. Farming households' earnings from agricultural exports and remittances have decreased. The creeping and then intensified incidence of HIV/AIDS infection has led to widespread debility and death, compounded by a serious famine in 2001–03. During the famine and its aftermath, ganyu casual labour gained in importance as a source of income, especially for women and youth from poor rural households. Field evidence suggests that the highly exploitative contractual terms that employers offered widened the gap between the haves and have-nots, and fuelled the risks of contracting HIV/AIDS. Ganyu, representing an established form of labour based on mutual economic benefit between exchange agents stretching back over a century, has become synonymous with degradation and despair for the working poor.

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Nanyiti, Aisha, Haki Pamuk, and Erwin Bulte. "Tied Labour, Savings and Rural Labour Market Wages: Evidence from a Framed Field Experiment." Journal of African Economies 28, no. 4 (March 11, 2019): 435–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejz004.

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Abstract How does the introduction of tied labour or a saving product affect labour market decisions and wages in rural agricultural labour markets? We develop a theoretical model of labour tying that incorporates diminishing marginal returns to consumption and inequality (behindness) aversion in the context of a rural agricultural labour market with seasonally fluctuating demand for labour, and test model predictions using a framed field experiment (modified ultimatum game) in rural Uganda. Our main findings are that (1) wages fluctuate with productivity, (2) access to tied contracts decreases wages for casual labour and (3) access to a saving technology does not improve wages for tied labour. Consistent with model predictions and earlier theory, we empirically find that income for workers goes down (and income for landlords goes up) if an institutional innovation enables consumption smoothing by workers (tied contracts or a saving technology).

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Whiteside, Noel. "Casual Employment and Its Consequences: A Historical Appraisal of Recent Labour Market Trends." Historical Studies in Industrial Relations 40 (September 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/hsir.2019.40.1.

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Rogaly, Ben. "Agricultural growth and the structure of ‘casual’ labour‐hiring in rural West Bengal." Journal of Peasant Studies 23, no. 4 (July 1996): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066159608438622.

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Peetz, David. "Retrenchment and Labour Market Disadvantage: Role of Age, Job Tenure and Casual Employment." Journal of Industrial Relations 47, no. 3 (September 2005): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-9296.2005.00175.x.

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Deb, Surajit. "Types of Vulnerable Household across Social Classes in Rural India." Social Change 50, no. 3 (September 2020): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085720953408.

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The eighth part of the Social Change Indicators series presents data on vulnerable households, that is, mean household size, percentage of female-headed households, percentage of households with no literate adult, percentage of households with no adult member and percentage of landless households dependent on manual casual labour across different social classes in rural areas of different states.

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Agarwalla, Astha, and Errol D’Souza. "The Economic Imperative: Cities Need Migrants." Indian Economic Journal 69, no. 3 (May 10, 2021): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211013233.

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The policy responses to Covid-19 have triggered large-scale reverse migration from cities to rural areas in developing countries, exposing the vulnerability of migrants living precarious lives in cities, giving rise to debates asserting to migration as undesirable and favouring policy options to discourage the process. However, the very basis of spatial concentration and formation of cities is presence of agglomeration economies, benefits accruing to economic agents operating in cities. Presence of these agglomeration benefits in local labour markets manifests themselves in the form of an upward sloping wage curve in urban areas. We estimate the upward sloping wage curve for various size classes of cities in Indian economy and establish the presence of positive returns to occupation and industry concentration at urban locations. Controlling for worker-specific characteristics influencing wages, we establish that higher the share of an industry or an occupation in local employment as compared to national economy, the desirability of firms to pay higher wages increases. For casual labourers, occupational concentration results in higher wages. However, impact of industry concentration varies across sectors. Results supporting presence of upward sloping urban wage curve, therefore, endorse policies to correct the market failure in cities and promote migration as a desirable process. JEL Classification Codes: J2, R2

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Cramer, Christopher, Carlos Oya, and John Sender. "Lifting the blinkers: a new view of power, diversity and poverty in Mozambican rural labour markets." Journal of Modern African Studies 46, no. 3 (August 18, 2008): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x08003340.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents some results from the largest rural labour market survey yet conducted in Mozambique. Evidence from three provinces shows that labour markets have a significant impact on the lives of a large number of poor people, and that employers exercise considerable discretion in setting wages and conditions of casual, seasonal and permanent wage employment. The evidence presented comes from a combination of a quantitative survey based on purposive sampling with other techniques, including interviews with large farmers. The findings contrast with ideas that rural labour markets are of limited relevance to poverty reduction policy formulation in Africa, and the paper concludes with methodological, analytical and policy recommendations.

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Noah, Sabunyo, and Clet Wandui Masiga. "Role of Sericulture in Uplifting Socio-Economic Status of Casual Workers and Constructors: A Case Study of Sheema, Kiruhura, Kween and Mukono District in Uganda." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 9 (2022): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.99.44.

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This study was undertaken in the four sericulture research stations of Sheema, Kiruhura, Kween and Mukono in Uganda with the main objective of documenting the socio-economic impact of sericulture project on the livelihood for permanent and temporary casual workers and constructors/ builders at different sericulture stations. Sericulture is labour intensive projects that need both permanent and temporary casual workers and constructors/ builders who are required for smooth running of daily sericulture field activities. Sixty five casual workers and constructors were randomly selected as respondents to the structured questionnaire aspects related to the factors such as sex, education, age, marital status, type of family, nature of employment, household expenditure, household assets acquired and challenges faced by casual workers and constructors/ builders were collected by well-structured questionnaire through personal interview method. The results obtained revealed that more 52.3% male workers were employed than female workers, 36.9% of the respondents were in the age group of 31-40 years, the biggest percentage 73.8% were married, 50.8% of the respondents were working as casual workers whereas 49.2% as constructors/builders, a majority 83.1% of respondents were working as permanent workers and only 16.9% as temporary workers. A majority of the respondents reported that the salaries earned at the end of month has positively impacted and changed their livelihoods of many respondents and this has help them to meet all the family needs and requirements such as family feeding, educating their child’s, buying clothing for themselves and for their child’s, health, pay utilities bills, drinking alcohol, others have managed to acquired different family assets such as land, some have managed to build houses, mobile phones, radios, televisions solar panels, bicycles and motorcycles and livestock’s such as cows, goats, sheep, birds, pigs, turkey and ducks, this can fetches them little economic support for their families and can serve as addition income.

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Sarkar, Anupam, and Jechonia Islary. "Wage and Earnings from Participation in MGNREGA Works in Jharkhand." International Journal of Rural Management 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 20–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005217696129.

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Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (2005) is regarded as largest public employment programme in the world. As per the official parlance MGNREGA belongs to the core of core programmes of Government of India. Majority of participants of MGNREGA are poor and vulnerable sections of the society. ₹480 billion has been allocated for the programme in Central government budget in 2017–18. However, in recent years there are criticisms on the government to weaken and dilute the key features of the programme to the detriment of the interest of poor labourers. On the other hand many see the programme as unnecessary drag on public money. In this context this article aims to study recent trend and patterns of participation, employment and income generation from MGNREGA among casual labourers in Jharkhand which happens to be one of poor and tribal dominated states of India.

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Lewchuk, Wayne. "Precarious jobs: Where are they, and how do they affect well-being?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 28, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304617722943.

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By the end of the 20th century, there was general agreement that most labour markets were in transition and that employment was becoming less secure. However, official labour market data have not shown a dramatic increase in temporary or casual employment. This article takes a new look at the changing characteristics of employment and offers a new method to measure employment security: the Employment Precarity Index. We use the Employment Precarity Index to assess how insecure employment associated with a ‘gig’ economy might affect well-being and social relations, including health outcomes, household well-being and community involvement.

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Abdullah, Ibrahim. "“Liberty or Death”: Working Class Agitation and the Labour Question in Colonial Freetown, 1938–1939." International Review of Social History 40, no. 2 (August 1995): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113203.

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SummaryThis article examines the labour disturbances which occurred in Freetown, Sierra Leone (Figure 1), between 1938 and 1939. Contrary to the prevailing interpretation that the colonial state in Africa was faced with an alternative of either forcefully pushing the working class out of the city or moving towards some form of corporatism, this article argues that such an option was only feasible in situations where labour was relatively quiescent or where a casual labour problem existed. In Freetown, where a stable labour force existed, the choice was between accepting a militant labour movement over whom officials had little or no control, or creating a labour movement that would eschew militant protest and follow the path dictated from above. The existence of a militant organization committed to continous agitation and the use of strike weapons to force employers to acknowledge the presence of a working class were critical factors in shaping official response to labour disturbances in the British colonies.

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Pal, Sarmistha. "Casual and regular contracts: Workers’ self‐selection in the rural labour markets in India." Journal of Development Studies 33, no. 1 (October 1, 1996): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389608422455.

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Hughes, Karen, Mark A. Bellis, and Mo Chaudry. "Elevated substance use in casual labour at international nightlife resorts: a case control study." International Journal of Drug Policy 15, no. 3 (June 2004): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.01.004.

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BHUYAN, MOHAMMAD HARUNUR RASHID. "Casualisation of Labour as Coping with Cyclone Aila: Peasants’ Perception in the Sundarbans Area of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Development Studies XLIV, no. 1&2 (June 1, 2021): 77–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.57138/jurl7372.

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This paper investigates the coping processes of Bangladeshi peasants after the disaster of Cyclone Aila in 2009. The focus is on the experience of peasants and how they respond to the losses caused by the cyclone. Using 72 in-depth interviews with peasants, shrimp farmers, local leaders, labour contractors, engineers and NGO staff, and surveys of 850 households, this paper analyses the aftermath of Cyclone Aila in two villages in the Satkhira district located in the Sundarbans delta of Bangladesh. One of the villages, Gorkumarpur, was economically backward and poorer than Mollapara village because of its vulnerable geographical location and damaged embankments. By illustrating resilience as the function of coping with vulnerabilities, this paper finds that the peasants can cope with this natural calamity by taking up a range of casual jobs, such as earthwork and brick kiln, to improve their lives and livelihoods. Such casual employment is essential after the initial relief initiatives ended, which shows the ability of the local peasants to protect their family’s survival and secure livelihoods.

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Boţa-Avram, Cristina, Adrian Groşanu, Paula-Ramona Răchişan, and Sorin Romulus Berinde. "Granger Causal Nexus between Good Public Governance and Unemployment: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data Investigation." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020063.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causality between good public governance captured through six World Bank governance indicators and unemployment rate (unemployment as % of the total labour force) as a clear indicator of labour market performance. Although some previous papers have empirically demonstrated the casual nexus between country-level governance and economic development, this study investigates the relation of causality between public governance and the labour market. By employing Granger non-causality tests, we tested two hypotheses with regard to this nexus. We argue that bidirectional Granger causality is predominant for the relation of country-level governance and unemployment. Finally, our paper offers a complex quantitative analysis of the causal nexus between public governance quality and one of the most known labour market activity indicators for an extended panel dataset of countries worldwide for 10 years.

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Anderson, Gordon, Peter Brosnan, and Pat Walsh. "Flexibility, Casualization and Externalization in the New Zealand workforce." Journal of Industrial Relations 36, no. 4 (December 1994): 491–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569403600403.

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The New Zealand Employment Contracts Act was introduced in 1991 to make the labour market more flexible. However, it is far from clear that the New Zealand labour market was inflexible. This paper represents the results of a survey of employers which was conducted when the Employment Contracts Act was conting into effect. The paper finds that the labour market was not inflexible and that employers had been able to successfully casualize and externalize labour under the pre-existirzg legal environment. The study finds further that the employer pursuit of flexibility was not part of an unrelenting drive to achieve new forms of work but was, in general, an opportunistic reaction to recession. Furthermore, employers anticipate that growth in employment, when it comes, will be in perma nent full-time jobs rather than in casual or externalized employment.

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Millstein, Marianne, and David Jordhus-Lier. "Making Communities Work? Casual Labour Practices and Local Civil Society Dynamics in Delft, Cape Town." Journal of Southern African Studies 38, no. 1 (March 2012): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2012.668085.

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Rajadhyaksha, Ashish. "“Make every Indian a creator of intellectual property”: Mumbai's casual labour as a creative class." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 15, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 608–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2014.975401.

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Sundari, S. "Female Labour Supply in Tamil Nadu: Some Questions." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 28, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521520974868.

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In this article, an attempt is made to study the trends and patterns of female work participation in Tamil Nadu across districts and examine the effect of structural transformation in the economy on women’s employment in the decade 2001–2011. There is a wide variation in the female work participation rate in the state. It is higher in agro-based, poor and most backward districts and is low in urbanized and industrialized districts as well as in districts with higher levels of per capita income, female literacy and unemployment. The analysis here shows that structural changes in the economy have not resulted in any dramatic change in the quality and quantity of women’s employment. Further, the casual labour segment has been expanding in rural Tamil Nadu with reductions in self-employment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Casual labourer'

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