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Journal articles on the topic 'Castes and tribes'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Shah, A. M., Lancy Lobo, and Shashikant Kumar. "Population, Ethnicity and Locality: A Study of Dehzado Records of the 1881 Census of Baroda State." Sociological Bulletin 66, no. 1 (April 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022916688286.

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At the Census of India, 1881, the former princely state of Baroda published data for every village and town, called Dehzado. After presenting the general demography of Baroda state, this article presents an analysis of data on caste, tribe and religion. It provides classification of villages and towns by the number of castes and tribes found in them, and discusses the issues posed by them, especially the issue of single-caste villages. This article describes the horizontal spread of various castes, tribes and religious minorities and points out its implications. In the end, it discusses the problem of urbanisation, classifying the towns by ethnic groups found in them.
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2

Mistri, Avijit, and Sudarshan Singh Sardar. "Tribal Migration in Indian Censuses: A Neglected and Litigated Area." Migration Letters 20, no. 2 (March 5, 2023): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v20i2.2828.

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Tribe and caste migration in Indian Censuses did not get proper attention during the colonial as well as post-independence periods. Censuses in the post-independence period have followed a conservative approach to enumerating tribes, castes and religions. The migration data on Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs) have been presented since the 2001 Census, but its scope is limited. The enumeration of inter-state migration of STs is entangled in legislative jargon. When tribes in India have dipped into severe poverty and unemployment, forcefully alienated from forests and hills, confronted development-induced displacement, and migrated by distress driven to the urban centres in distant places in search of jobs. When the demand for independent territory or statehood, such as Nagalim, Zale’n-gam and many others, consolidating the tribal inhabited areas bifurcated into three to four neighbouring states leads to insurgency and mass cross-border movement of ethnic groups. The presumption of ST migration within the jurisdiction of the State/UT of enumeration in the Censuses during the post-independence period is delusive and very irrational. The study provides insight into such limitations of Census data on tribal migration, legislative jargon and politics involved with it. It also discusses the nature of provided data on tribal migration.
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3

Mistri, Avijit, and Sudarshan Singh Sardar. "Tribal Migration in Indian Censuses: A Neglected and Litigated Area." Migration Letters 20, no. 2 (March 22, 2023): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i2.2828.

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Tribe and caste migration in Indian Censuses did not get proper attention during the colonial as well as post-independence periods. Censuses in the post-independence period have followed a conservative approach to enumerating tribes, castes and religions. The migration data on Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Scheduled Castes (SCs) have been presented since the 2001 Census, but its scope is limited. The enumeration of inter-state migration of STs is entangled in legislative jargon. When tribes in India have dipped into severe poverty and unemployment, forcefully alienated from forests and hills, confronted development-induced displacement, and migrated by distress driven to the urban centres in distant places in search of jobs. When the demand for independent territory or statehood, such as Nagalim, Zale’n-gam and many others, consolidating the tribal inhabited areas bifurcated into three to four neighbouring states leads to insurgency and mass cross-border movement of ethnic groups. The presumption of ST migration within the jurisdiction of the State/UT of enumeration in the Censuses during the post-independence period is delusive and very irrational. The study provides insight into such limitations of Census data on tribal migration, legislative jargon and politics involved with it. It also discusses the nature of provided data on tribal migration.
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4

Hnatkovska, Viktoria, Amartya Lahiri, and Sourabh Paul. "Castes and Labor Mobility." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 274–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.4.2.274.

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We examine the relative fortunes of the historically disadvantaged scheduled castes and tribes (SC/ST) in India in terms of their education attainment, occupation choices, consumption and wages. We study the period 1983–2005 using household survey data from successive rounds of the National Sample Survey. We find that this period has been characterized by a significant convergence of education, occupation distribution, wages and consumption levels of SC/STs toward non-SC/ST levels. Using various decomposition approaches we find that the improvements in education account for a major part of the wage and consumption convergence. (JEL I24, O15, O17, Z13)
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5

Mandal, Prakas Kumar, Tuphan Kanti Dolai, Soma Mandal, Tamanash Mondal, and Suman Kumar Maji. "Screening for hemoglobinopathies in a socially disadvantaged population from a rural district of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 4430. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205319.

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Background: Detection of traits/carriers plays an important role in preventing the birth of a thalassemic child. West Bengal, one of the eastern states in India is the home to a bulk of socially challenged population including scheduled castes and scheduled tribes among others. The present study aimed to detect the prevalence of different hemoglobinopathies in a socially challenged district of West Bengal.Methods: In this retrospective cross sectional study thalassemia detection camps were organized at the community level over a period of four years. Venous blood samples were subjected to complete hemogram and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In few difficult cases samples were sent to the reference laboratory for molecular characterization. The prevalence of heterozygous, homozygous or compound heterozygous states of different thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies across various respondent groups (e.g. children, premarital, postmarital and antenatal) and existing caste categories (scheduled tribes, scheduled caste and general) were analyzed.Results: We analyzed a total of 114,606 HPLC reports; 18681 (16.30%), 15438 (13.47%) and 80487 (70.23%) cases belonged to scheduled tribes, scheduled castes and general category respectively. Out of 114,606 cases, 11,001 (9.6%) had revealed abnormal hemoglobins; beta thalassaemia trait was the most common (6.63%; n=7602) across all subgroup analysis. Among others, HbE trait, sickle cell trait and HbD trait were detected in 1788 (1.56%), 1362 (1.18%) and 126 (0.11%) cases respectively.Conclusions: Beta thalassaemia trait and HbE trait are the common haemoglobin variants in this rural district of West Bengal. The prevalence of sickle gene revealed in the present study is much less than previous studies in the locality.
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6

Salvi, Deepak. "TRIBAL ART & THEIR RITUALISTIC, UTILITARIAN,INDIVIDUALISTIC IMPORTANCE: A GLIMPSE OF TRIBAL ART." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2019.3714.

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Bhil tribes have a long history of their existence. Bhil love arrow and bow and it is believed that their name emerged from Dravid language word "billu" means bow and arrow. Their reference is in old literature Ramayana (in context of Shabri) and Mahabharata in context of Eklavya. In Sanskrit literature Bhil tribe occurs in Katha Sarit Sagar (600 A.D.). The traditional abodes of the tribes are hills and forests, and their popular names, meaning either the people of forest and hill or original inhabitants, are: Vanyajati (castes of the forests), vanvasi (inhabitants of forests), pahari (hill dwellers), adimjati (original communities), adivasi (first settlers), janjati (folk people), anusuchit janjati (schedules tribe). Amongst all these terms adivasi is known most extensively. Generally, the uppermost section of the enclosure, above a wavy line with geometric motifs.
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7

Youdle, Alison, Beryl A. D'Souza Vali, Nathan John, and Pam Anderson. "Factors Associated with Continued Jogini Practice in Telanaga, India." Christian Journal for Global Health 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v10i2.769.

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The Jogini, or Devadasi, system sees young girls “married” to a deity after which she is seen as the property of the village and required to perform religious duties and often sexual favours, typically without payment or freedom of choice. There is a paucity of published research on the factors which make women vulnerable to this exploitation and the factors which increase the likelihood that they are able to extricate themselves from it. This is a population study of 657 women who had previously been dedicated as Joginis living in 10 villages in Mahabubnagar district of Telangana, South India. The primary outcome of interest was whether the women were practicing as a Jogini at the time of the survey. Data was analyzed using a mixed effect logistic regression test to determine possible determinants of practicing status. Four factors were found to be significantly associated with continued Jogini practice: 1) being a person with a disability, 2) reason for dedication given as family tradition of other Joginis in the family, 3) poverty in the family of origin, and 4) living in a village with more than ten percent of the population belonging to a scheduled tribe. One factor significantly negatively associated with continued practice was having one or more male children. Analysis of the demographic data for these women confirmed the previously known fact that the exploitation in the form of the Jogini system disproportionately affects those who are already vulnerable in society — those from scheduled castes (SC) and tribes (ST), other backward castes (OBC), the disabled, the uneducated, and the poor. Between them, SCs, STs, and OBCs make up the non-forward castes, i.e., those who are socially disadvantaged. The scheduled castes, formally known as untouchables, are the lowest of the Indian castes. Scheduled tribes are tribal people, not part of any organized religion. Other backward castes are those between the forward castes and the scheduled castes in terms of social order.
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8

Kumar, Rabindra. "Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Children in Orissa." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 1, no. 2 (July 2008): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974354520080204.

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9

Bhasin, M. K. "Genetics of Castes and Tribes of India: Somatometry." International Journal of Human Genetics 6, no. 4 (December 2006): 323–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09723757.2006.11885979.

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10

Bhasin, M. K. "Genetics of Castes and Tribes of India: Dermatoglyphics." International Journal of Human Genetics 7, no. 2 (June 2007): 175–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09723757.2007.11885997.

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11

Reddy, Dr B. Ananda. "Displacement, Rehabilitation and Human Rights Regarding Scheduled castes & Scheduled Tribes in India." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2014/177.

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12

Ghosh, Dr Sanat Kumar. "Educational and Political Awareness of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes– A Brief Study." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 5 (January 15, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/may2014/80.

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13

Chithravel, N. "MNREGA Evaluation: Fostering Inclusive Rural Development." Shanlax International Journal of Management 11, iS1-Jan (January 27, 2024): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v11iis1-jan.7147.

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Rural people have been actively involved in MNREGA from its inception, notably from marginalised groups like as Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). Throughout the program’s implementation, the percentage of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) engaging in MGNREGA job possibilities has continuously remained high at the national level, ranging from 40 to 60 percent. Even throughout the outbreak, the plan was fairly successful in terms of employment creation. The study’s findings show that the effort had a positive impact on developing sustainable lives for rural residents. Furthermore, it has improved rural labourers’ capacity to bargain in the rural labour market.
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14

Major, Andrew J. "State and Criminal Tribes in Colonial Punjab: Surveillance, Control and Reclamation of the ‘Dangerous Classes’." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 3 (July 1999): 657–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x9900339x.

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It is not always remembered that under British rule some 150,000 Punjabis were notified under the Criminal Tribes Act as belonging to tribes and castes whose hereditary occupation was deemed to be crime. More than any other class these criminal tribes felt the harsh impact of the colonial state, which sought to control, punish and reform them. This paper traces the evolution of a Punjab criminal tribes policy and argues that the British—assisted by the indigenous elite—achieved only partial success in assimilating these people into the wider community by 1947.
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15

Soren, Chunuram. "RESERVATION IN INDIA: RHETORIC AND REALITY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13149.

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Reservation is always contentious and sentimental issue and raises many concerns of the people. The policy of reservation and safeguards provided to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes has adversely affected the unity and solidarity of the nation. Reservation in India is all about reserving access to seats in the government jobs, educational institutions and even legislatures to certain sections of the population. The reservation can also be seen as positive discrimination. Reservation in India is a government policy, backed by the Indian Constitution. Part XVI deals with reservation of SC and ST in Central and state legislature. The need for reservation can be looked from legal and socio-cultural perspective. The act of reservation is reserving seats in educational institutions, certain places of employment for certain castes and classes of society which are considered backward, those being the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Castes. Reservation is an effective measure to end the oppressive discrimination. Reservation facilitates empowerment and social harmony for all in the segments.
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16

Guha, Ayan. "Recent debate on landmark anti-caste legislation in India." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358229118814467.

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The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was enacted to prevent atrocities against the Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). It prescribed penalties that are more stringent than the corresponding offences under the Indian Penal Code and other laws. Despite flaws in implementation, this Act has provided the SCs and STs with some sense of security. But it is often alleged that this law is frequently misused. A recent Supreme Court order has attempted to introduce some procedural safeguards to curb the misuse of this Act. But many, particularly the Dalit groups, believe that in doing so the Supreme Court has ended up diluting this landmark legislation. In this context, this article analyses the recent judicial pronouncement and presents the arguments for and against it.
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17

Bhasin, M. K. "Genetics of Castes and Tribes of India: Taste Sensitivity." International Journal of Human Genetics 6, no. 2 (June 2006): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09723757.2006.11885955.

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18

Bhasin, M. K. "Morphology to Molecular Anthropology: Castes and Tribes of India." International Journal of Human Genetics 9, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 145–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09723757.2009.11886070.

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19

Singh, D. P., Srei Chanda, L. K. Dwivedi, Priyanka Dixit, and Somnath Jana. "Importance of Caste-Based Headcounts: An Analysis of Caste Specific Demographics Transition in India." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 4, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v4i1.497.

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Caste has always been a subject of socio-political segregation in India. Inequality across caste is prominent for varying health and development outcomes, which is a subject less researched till date. Four rounds of National Family Health Surveys (1–4) conducted in the last 25 years are analysed to portray the fertility and mortality differentials across castes/ tribes. The article signifies, that distinct inter and intra-caste differences in association with the region of residence are present that must be taken into consideration while understanding the health outcomes. Despite a decline in the fertility and child mortality rates in India, caste-wise differentials suggests that the decline is associated with the socio-economic position and transition experienced by these groups. Though schemes and benefits are targeted towards backwards castes, however, sub-castes under each caste are far from realization of those benefits at equal pace. Realization of the developmental processes among castes is a matter of proper enumeration and intricate research that rationalize the distributive and affirmative policies of India.
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20

Sharma, H. R. "Distribution of Landholdings in Rural India: A Comparative Study of Scheduled Castes, Tribes and Non-Scheduled Caste and Tribes." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 40, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/1998/v40/i2/115925.

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21

Kumbhar, S. I., and Shivaraj R. Sonawane. "CURRENT STATUS OF GOVERNMENT HOSTEL FACILITY PROVIDED TO ST, OBC, SC STUDENTS AND ITS UTILITY AND USAGES: WITH REFERENCE TO PUNE." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 9, no. 47 (October 1, 2021): 11571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v9i47.7699.

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The population of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes forms the considerable percentage of the total population of the country. Providing educational supporting facilities through the hostel scheme to this population is one of the significant factor that positively influencing on the educational development of scheduled casts and scheduled tribes people. Through the present article, an attempt has been made on the current status of tribal hostels and its utility with reference to Pune city. This article has also focused on the strength of the government hostels during the last four years, and focused on its intake capacity, actual admissions of ST and OBC SC students in the hostels in Pune.
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22

Thomas, Sangeetha, and N. Venkatesh Kamath. "Breaching The Limit: A Critical Evaluation Of The Increase In Reservation Limit In Karnataka." Indian Politics & Law Review Journal 08 (2023): 114–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/iplr.2023.805.

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The Government of Karnataka had, in October 2022, promulgated an ordinance to increase the reservation limit of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to 17 percent and 7 percent respectively. The ordinance was promulgated in furtherance of the recommendations made by the Justice HN Nagamohandas Commission which is also supported by the Justice Subhash Adi Committee report. Further, in December 2022, the Government of Karnataka had, seemingly as an act of appeasement and prior to the 2023 Assembly elections, tabled a Bill [The Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutions and of Appointments or Posts in the Services under the State) Bill, 2022] in the Legislative Assembly which reiterates the increase in reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State just as the previously promulgated ordinance. The bill was eventually passed. The relevance of the ordinance and the bill is based on the observation that such an increase in reservation quota for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes would bring the overall reservation quota above 50 percent, which is against the desirable limit prescribed by the Supreme Court on reservation. This paper mainly aims to critically analyse the bill and the possible legal hurdles it might encounter. The paper shall, in the first part, deal with the history of reservation in India and the various constitutional provisions regarding the same. Secondly, the various landmark Supreme Court judgements on reservation, especially the decisions on the desirable limit of reservation, would be elucidated. The paper would also delve into the recommendations of the Commission and Committee that have been cited as the main reasons for the introduction of such an ordinance and thereafter the bill. This shall be followed by an analysis of whether this is an exceptional circumstance which demands the breach of the 50 percent rule. The paper shall, in conclusion, pose the various challenges that the Bill raises if the introduction of it is merely a political gimmick rather than a special circumstance requiring the breach of the desirable 50 percent reservation limit.
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23

Corbridge, Stuart. "Competing Inequalities: The Scheduled Tribes and the Reservations System in India's Jharkhand." Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 1 (February 2000): 62–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658584.

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This paper reports on the economic and political consequences of reserving government and public-sector jobs for members of the Scheduled Tribes in the Indian State of Bihar. It also contributes to a more general debate on the system of compensatory discrimination that has existed in India since the 1940s, and which was made tangible for middle class Indians by the decision of the government of V. P. Singh (1989–90) to adopt some of the recommendations of the Second Backward Classes Commission (1979–80: chairman B. P. Mandal). The Mandal Commission report advised that a system of reserved jobs in central government could usefully be extended from the Scheduled Castes and Tribes of India (roughly 15 and 7.5 percent of the population, respectively) to embrace a broader collection of Socially and Economically Backward Classes.1 In August 1990 V. P. Singh found it expedient to act upon Mandal's suggestion that up to 49.5 percent of all jobs in central government services and public undertakings should be reserved for the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
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24

Mehta, Shreya, Zaid Khan, Syed Danish, Abhay Ankur, Natasha Nupur, and Dr Arpita Mitra. "Atrocities Against The Schedule Caste In India." Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Review 03, no. 04 (2022): 01–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/ajmrr.2022.3401.

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Atrocities against Schedule caste is the scope and subject matter of this paper. Moreover, in this paper we will be discussing in detail the atrocities against the scheduled caste in India with special reference to the type, causes for the crimes and the impact it has on the people of the scheduled caste and tribes. The atrocities against these marginalized castes can be traced back by their historical background which depicts the emergence of crime and ill treatment against these castes which is too painful to be forgotten. The critical analysis of the crime rate against the schedule caste across the decade made us acknowledge the fact that even after achieving freedom in 1947, India is still captured by the clutches of brutal caste system due to which the atrocities have been suffered by these schedule caste and tribe in the era of modernity and technological development. Even the legislative support provided in the Indian Constitution and various special laws for schedule caste by various jurist have not been able to prevent them the way they should be due to various lacuna in the implementation procedure as well as lacuna in the administration system. This paper further elaborates the research methodology and findings of various research work.
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25

P.M, Rejimon, and Smitha R. "HUMAN RESOURCE THROUGH EDUCATION OF SCHEDULED CASTE IN KERALA." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12131.

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This paper analyses the policy of reservation for Scheduled castes in Kerala. The paper provides a brief overview of the caste system and discusses the types of groups that are eligible for reservation, based on data from government reports. The stance of this paper is that affirmative action has not benefited the lower castes due to contextual factors like low school enrolment and completion rates, and high dropout and failure rates. Also, continuous addition of more and more castes to the fold of reserved categories has diluted the positive impact of the reservation policy. This paper suggests that under-representation of any social group in educational institutions should be assessed with reference to sub-populations of secondary school completers and argues that, unlike Scheduled Castes and Tribes, Other Backward Castes are not markedly under-represented. Hence, the 27% quota declared by the government recently is not justified. The paper also highlights the human resources through the education social, pedagogic, psychological and political issues involved in the policy of reservation, and suggests that quotas should be based on economic criteria rather than on caste considerations.
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26

Ghadage, Tushar. "Ambedkarites in Making: The Process of Awakening and Conversion to Buddhism among Non-Mahar Communities in Maharashtra." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v1i2.220.

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Scholars have presented Buddhist discourse in Maharashtra- the western part of India, as an expression of protest and emancipation of the former untouchable caste Mahar. But in the recent past, people coming from different social backgrounds belonging to non-Mahar castes have adopted Buddhism. Now it has become the collective discourse of protest of different castes and tribes. This paper, an outcome of my anthropological study concerns with changing consciousness among non-Mahar castes regarding conversion to Buddhism as a tool of resistance to overcome caste inequalities. As the Brahmanical patriarchy is the basis of the nourishment of the caste system and hence the root of women’s oppression, women’s assertion for gender-equal society and its actual implementation on the ground constitutes a major part of the anti-caste movement. Therefore, this study would also seek the answer to the question of how Buddhism helps to rupture the caste patriarchy and its rigid structure. This can be precisely seen through how women are breaking those boundaries of castes. Therefore, this paper will also address the issue of women's emancipation through Buddhism and how it challenges the Brahmanical patriarchy and liberates its women followers from oppression.
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27

Bhasin, M. K. "Genetics of Castes and Tribes of India: Indian Population Milieu." International Journal of Human Genetics 6, no. 3 (September 2006): 233–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09723757.2006.11885969.

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28

Maity, Bipasha. "Comparing Health Outcomes Across Scheduled Tribes and Castes in India." World Development 96 (August 2017): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.005.

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29

Chakraborty, Soumyajit, and Alok K. Bohara. "The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market." Indian Journal of Human Development 15, no. 2 (July 22, 2021): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09737030211029634.

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Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study identifies that caste and religion still rule the modern Indian labour market. We find that discrimination is evident in the socio-religious earnings gaps. While the parametric decompositions suggest that most of these gaps are due to differential human capital endowment, the nonparametric method almost evenly attributes inequality to discrimination and endowment. The results presented in this study suggest that discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Muslims and Other Backward Classes should be included in policy designs to promote equity in the Indian labour market.
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30

Sukumar, N., L. David Lal, and Vinod Kumar Mishra. "Inclusiveness in the Panchayati Raj Institutions." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 5, no. 1 (June 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481119859675.

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The 73rd amendment of the Indian Constitution has evolved as a significant mechanism for devolution of power and democratic decentralisation. The template was to transform the power relation at three levels, that is, family, community and state apparatuses. Studies on the representation of underprivileged groups (caste, gender and tribes) in the panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) have highlighted the continued discrimination against these groups. This article analyses both enabling and disabling factors which affect the performance of the elected representatives (ERs) belonging to the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women from seven states. The findings (both qualitative and quantitative) of the study highlight general as well as group-specific enabling and disabling factors that impact the performance of the ERs in PRIs.
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Naik, Ajaya Kumar, and Nitin Tagade. "Poverty and Inequality in Maharashtra: Inter-group Differentials and Its Determinants." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 4, no. 1 (June 2018): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481118776395.

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This article examines the inequality and poverty across socio-religious groups in Maharashtra. It also examines the relative strength of factors affecting inequality and poverty and decomposes the differences in income between scheduled castes (SCs) and Hindu high castes (HHCs) based on the 68th National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) survey on consumption expenditure. The results show that consumption expenditure is substantially low among marginalised communities leading to high inter-group inequality. The relative strength of the factors affecting earnings across socio-religious groups shows that the overall inter-group disparities are due to inter-caste differences in the rates of return on assets, asset ownership and caste identity. Also, poverty reducing factors, such as ownership of agricultural land, non-farm enterprises/business and education, impact differently in reducing poverty, their relative impact in reducing poverty being less for schedule tribes (ST) and SC compared to OBC and high caste. Due to high education and greater ownership of capital assets by high caste, they have significant higher income and low poverty levels compared to Hindu other backward castes (HOBC), SC and ST and Muslim.
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Thirupathi, L. "PEOPLES PERCEPTION ON WORKING OF PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM -A CASE STUDY OF KARIMNAGAR DISTRICTIN THE TELANGANA STATE OF INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13902.

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My study is intended to analyse how Peoples perception is very important because of the 73rd constitutional amendment act that was introduced to ensure political participation of underprivileged groups like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Women through the reservation of provisions in Panchayati Raj System at grassroots level democracy. In this context, the peoples perception of working of Panchayati Raj institutions in Karimnagar district plays a very crucial role to reveal the actual ground realities thereof and to what extent they accomplished the above-mentioned objectives. several policy initiatives have been taken for effective implementation of reservation policy in Panchayati Raj in the district. The present research work also focussed on the political backwardness of scheduled castes, scheduled Tribe leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions at the Panchayati level. It also reveals peoples perception to the conscious understanding that people have of public functionaries and official issues in the society and realistically based on their understanding level in the given context on a particular aspect.
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V.K, Nasiya, and C. Krishnan. "DETERMINANTS OF EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE AMONG SCHEDULED CASTE FAMILIES IN MANNARKKAD TALUK, KERALA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12303.

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Consumption patterns differ from people to people with respect to the income which they spend.The scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs) are constitutionally identified as historically disadvantaged people.The paper examines the determinants of educational expenditure on education among scheduled caste families in MannarkakdTaluk, Palakkad,kerala. Here the expenditure pattern of the SC families and also the determinants of the educational expenditure among them are examined and analysed by using appropriate statistical tools.
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Nagargoje, Kondiram M., and Kavita Waghray. "Prevalence and Covariates of Severe Under Nutrition among Tribal and Non-Tribal Preschoolers from Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra, India." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.2.4301.

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The study aimed to assess the level of under nutrition among children of 0-6 year age as influenced by their communities, gender, age group, caste and socio economic status of parents. All 14 Tahasils of Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra State, India were considered for the study. Preschoolers of 0-6 year age with<Median-3SD weight for age by WHO standards and were in grade III and IV level of under nutrition by IAP classifications were the participants. The higher proportion of girls and particularly children from tribal and socially deprived castes viz. Scheduled Tribes (ST), Scheduled Caste (SC) and Nomadic Tribes (NT) were found severely under nourished. More children of age group 12-35 months were found to be severely under nourished. The lower and middle socio economic status and severe under nutrition exhibited strong association.
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35

Piliavsky, Anastasia. "The “Criminal Tribe” in India before the British." Comparative Studies in Society and History 57, no. 2 (March 20, 2015): 323–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417515000055.

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AbstractThis paper challenges the broad consensus in current historiography that holds the Indian stereotype of criminal tribe to be a myth of colonial making. Drawing on a selection of precolonial descriptions of robber castes—ancient legal texts and folktales; Jain, Buddhist and Brahmanic narratives; Mughal sources; and Early Modern European travel accounts—I show that the idea of castes of congenital robbers was not a British import, but instead a label of much older vintage on the subcontinent. Enjoying pride of place in the postcolonial critics' pageant of “colonial stereotypes,” the case of criminal tribes is representative and it bears on broader questions about colonial knowledge and its relation to power. The study contributes to the literature that challenges the still widespread tendency to view colonial social categories, and indeed the bulk of colonial knowledge, as the imaginative residue of imperial politics. I argue that while colonialusesof the idea of a criminal tribe comprises a lurid history of violence against communities branded as born criminals in British law, the stereotype itself has indigenous roots. The case is representative and it bears on larger problems of method and analysis in “post-Orientalist” historiography.
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36

Heena Mazhar, Ratna Samudrawar, Mukesh Kumar Kashyap, and Pooja S Salkar. "Dental Management towards Sickle Patients: A Literature Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 1, no. 8 (November 10, 2017): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/01_08/121.

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Sickle cell disease is an autosomal dominant haemoglobinopathy in which an abnormal form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) polymerizes under low oxygen saturation and alters normal spherical shaped RBCs into sickle shape. In India, sickle cell disease is prevalent in central and southern states like Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. In various districts like Korba, Kanker, Rajnandgaon, Durg, Bilaspur, Raipur, Dantewada, Bastar, Mahasumund, Dhamtari, Kawardha and Jangjir-Champa of Chhattisgarh, frequency of sickle cell disease are approximately 10%. Screening results suggest that the prevalence of homozygous sickle cell disease was 2.1% and that of heterozygous sickle cell disease was 10% among different tribes. Prevalence rate among schedule tribe was 43.0%, schedule caste was 18.26% and 35.3% among OBC group with the majority of cases reported in Agharia, Kurmi, Teli and Panika castes. Common oral findings of dental hypoplasia, delayed eruption, mucosal pallor, and radiographic changes are noticed in this disease. This paper aims to describe etiology, prevelance of sickle cell disease in chhattisgarh region and the role of dental surgeon for the management of such patients.
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37

Shariff, Abusaleh, Tarujyoti Buragohain, and P. K. Ghosh. "State of Life of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 43, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2001): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/2001/v43/i1-2/115846.

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38

Oommen, T. K. "Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and the Nation: Situating G. S. Ghurye." Sociological Bulletin 60, no. 2 (May 2011): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920110202.

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39

Prasad, L. M. "Educational Policy for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and its Implementation." Indian Journal of Public Administration 32, no. 4 (October 1986): 908–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119860404.

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40

Maulik, S. K. Ghosh. "Eco-Condition and Survivality: Facts from Tribes and Castes of Orissa." Journal of Human Ecology 7, no. 1 (March 1996): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.1996.11907185.

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41

Raghavendra R. H. "Literacy and Health Status of Scheduled Castes in India." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 12, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x19898449.

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There is much discussion on the issue of reservation and its impact on the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. It is essential to know how far the socially marginalized group of Scheduled Castes lag behind the other sections of the Indian population with respect to human development. The present article has made an attempt to assess the different human development factors like literacy and health status of the Scheduled Caste population in India. For this purpose, secondary data have been collected. The population- and literacy-related information has been obtained from the Census 2011 Report and health-related information has been collected from the National Family Health Survey-2015–2016 (NFHS -2015–2016). This study depicts the SCs population’s literacy status, sex ratio, child sex ratio and other health-related aspects. Also, the study compares the Scheduled Caste population status with that of other population categories.
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42

Mayer, Peter. "Inventing Village Tradition: The late 19th Century Origins of the North Indian ‘Jajmani System’." Modern Asian Studies 27, no. 2 (May 1993): 357–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011537.

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Many years ago I was asked in a viva voce examination to name the first work which describes the Indian jajmani system. I knew that the jajmani system was of great antiquity, but I had no idea whether it was first described by one of the early European travellers like Bernier, an early 19th century British authority on Indian criminal castes and tribes like Sleeman, or a later authority on castes and folklore like Crooke. So I was rather surprised to learn, after my fumbling, that the first description was that of the Wisers, published in 1930.
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43

PILIAVSKY, ANASTASIA. "The Moghia Menace, or the Watch Over Watchmen In British India." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 3 (November 12, 2012): 751–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000643.

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AbstractThis paper contributes to the history of ‘criminal tribes’, policing and governance in British India. It focuses on one colonial experiment—the policing of Moghias, declared by British authorities to be ‘robbers by hereditary profession’—which was the immediate precursor of the first Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, but which so far altogether has passed under historians’ radar. I argue that at stake in the Moghia operations, as in most other colonial ‘criminal tribe’ initiatives, was neither the control of crime (as colonial officials claimed) nor the management of India's itinerant groups (as most historians argue), but the uprooting of the indigenous policing system. British presence on the subcontinent was punctuated with periodic panics over ‘extraordinary crime’, through which colonial authorities advanced their policing practices and propagated their way of governance. The leading crusader against this ‘crisis’ was the Thuggee and Dacoity Department, which was as instrumental in the ‘discovery’ of the ‘Moghia menace’ and ‘criminal tribes’ in the late nineteenth century as in the earlier suppression of the ‘cult of Thuggee’. As a policing initiative, the Moghia campaign failed consistently for more than two decades. Its failures, however, reveal that behind the façade-anxieties over ‘criminal castes’ and ‘crises of crime’ stood attempts at a systemic change of indigenous governance. The diplomatic slippages of the campaign also expose the fact that the indigenous rule by patronage persisted—and that the consolidation of the colonial state was far from complete—well into the late nineteenth century.
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44

Meshram, Smt Anita. "Plans for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes-A study of Rajnandgaon District." Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5828.2016.00018.8.

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45

Prasad, Shiw Balak. "Riservation Policy: Sources for Achieving the Social Justice in India." World Journal of Social Science Research 6, no. 4 (September 11, 2019): p424. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v6n4p424.

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In a democratic form of Government all citizens of the country are equal before the law of land. There is no scope of differences in any stage of life between them. Although natural discrimination may be possible, but politically and legally all should be equal. Discrimination on one or more of these factors became normal feathers particular in the third world countries of Africa and Asia. Really this social discrimination reflects in political rights and economic opportunities of the people so that the question of social justice became very important.In India, there has been so many social, economic and educational discrimination among the people from the very beginning. Weaker sections of the people have been deprived their rights. They are living like animal even today. So, Framers of the constitution of India include the provisions of reservation in the constitution of some posts of Government services to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes for their upliftment. Actually, these reservation policies were implemented for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes only at the time of implementation of the constitution. After very long time, the then prime minister Late V.P. Singh had implemented 27 percent reservation to other backward classes for gaining of Social Justice. But due to conspiracy and the upper castes the conditions of reamy layer were imposed by the supreme court of India. Thus this paper will disclose all secrets in this countex.
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Brahmanandam, N., R. Nagarajan, and Srinivas Goli. "Change in Household Environment Condition in India: Evidence From Panel Data." SAGE Open 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 215824402110357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211035767.

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We examine the transition in household environment condition (HEC) in India during 2004–2012 by using panel data of the India Human Development Survey. In particular, this study documents the movement of households into and out of poor HEC. We found that a higher proportion of socially deprived classes, namely, Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, and Other Backward Castes, were continued to be in or fall into poor HEC than the General Castes. The movement out of poor HEC (to middle and better-off HEC) was least observed among the underprivileged Castes than the General Castes. Similarly, households in economically poor condition and those with illiterate and primary occupation household heads were entering into or remaining more in poor HEC than their counterparts. By regions, Central and Eastern regions were either continued to be more in poor HEC or experienced the least upward movement from poor HEC to the middle and better-off condition than other regions. Findings based on multivariate logistic regression models have reinforced the results from the bivariate analyses. From a policy perspective, the findings advance that socially disadvantaged population needs greater emphasis on ongoing programs to improve household living and environmental conditions in India.
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47

Kumar, Deepak, Bhanu Pratap, and Archana Aggarwal. "Affirmative Action in Government Jobs in India: Did the Job Reservation Policy Benefit Disadvantaged Groups?" Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619871588.

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In this study we use the India Human Development Survey (2011–2012) data and Logit model analysis to investigate how far the affirmative action policy has helped in increasing the chances of representation of eligible individuals from scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes in government jobs in India. Analysis of the data reveals that the reservation policy in government jobs in India has helped in increasing the chances of representation of people from these groups because they have a higher probability of representation in government jobs than upper caste (unreserved) individuals after controlling for individual and household characteristics.
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48

Haokip, Sonkhothang. "Reservation Policy." Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 31, no. 1 (2022): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice20223116.

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“Reservation Policy: An Analysis of Scheduled Tribes Reservation on Higher Education in Manipur.” This paper examines how marginalized social groups are admitted to Manipur’s universities, notably Manipur University. In Manipur, the reservation proportion is as follows: unreserved 40%, economically weaker 10%, Scheduled Tribes (ST) 31%, Scheduled Castes (SC) 2%, and Other Backward Classes (OBC) (17%). This research focused on Manipur’s shortage of quota provisions in higher education admissions. Tribal peoples, who already have 31% of the reservation opportunity, were outraged by this. All ministries of the Indian Union Government have a 7.5% allocation for ST. However, the problem with these figures is that they are radically different from Manipur’s current demographic reality. The Indian Central Educational Institutions (CEI) Reservation in Admission Act, 2006, as revised in 2012, is also the basis for the paper.
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49

Bauman, Chad M. "Hindu-Christian Conflict in India: Globalization, Conversion, and the Coterminal Castes and Tribes." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 3 (August 2013): 633–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813000569.

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While Hindu-Muslim violence in India has received a great deal of scholarly attention, Hindu-Christian violence has not. This article seeks to contribute to the analysis of Hindu-Christian violence, and to elucidate the curious alliance, in that violence, of largely upper-caste, anti-minority Hindu nationalists with lower-status groups, by analyzing both with reference to the varied processes of globalization. The article begins with a short review of the history of anti-Christian rhetoric in India, and then discusses and critiques a number of inadequately unicausal explanations of communal violence before arguing, with reference to the work of Mark Taylor, that only theories linking local and even individual social behaviors to larger, global processes like globalization can adequately honor the truly “webby” nature of the social world.
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Van de Poel, Ellen, and Niko Speybroeck. "Decomposing malnutrition inequalities between Scheduled Castes and Tribes and the remaining Indian population." Ethnicity & Health 14, no. 3 (June 2009): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13557850802609931.

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