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Academic literature on the topic 'Castello il Corno (Italy)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Castello il Corno (Italy)"

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MILLER, MAUREEN C. "THE BISHOPS’ BOOKS OF CITTÀ DI CASTELLO IN CONTEXT." Traditio 76 (2021): 215–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2021.1.

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Revisiting Robert Brentano's 1960 article in Traditio on “The Bishops’ Books of Città di Castello,” this contribution challenges a reigning narrative of the “documentary revolution” in medieval Italy as primarily the achievement of the thirteenth-century communal governments of the north. While these urban ruling regimes did produce prodigious numbers of documents and new documentary forms, they were not the earliest innovators. By broadening the scope of analysis to include all the early administrative codices surviving in Città di Castello — those of the city's communal government, cathedral chapter, and bishopric — the author demonstrates that the initial leap from administrative reliance on single sheet parchments to registers occurred earliest in the cathedral chapter (by 1192), then in the bishop's court (1207), and finally more than a decade later in the commune (1221). At least in this one small Umbrian town, ecclesiastical institutions were the earliest innovators. The evidence of Città di Castello also indicates that political instability and its related economic effects drove innovation, not the reform initiatives of Innocent III and the Fourth Lateran Council. Local ecclesiastical leaders, not popes, were the innovators.
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MASSETI, MARCO. "Sculptures of mammals in the Grotta degli Animali of the Villa Medici di Castello, Florence, Italy: a stone menagerie." Archives of Natural History 35, no. 1 (April 2008): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954108000090.

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The Grotta degli Animali of the Villa Medici di Castello, Florence, Italy, houses a varied range of life-size mammals in polychrome marble, perhaps created by Cosimo Fancelli around 1555, on a model by Baccio Bandinelli. This paper describes and identifies the mammalian species portrayed, bearing in mind, however, the possible influence of an iconographic tradition, as well as the probable inspiration from mythological and legendary sources.
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Relvini, Alessio, Silvana Martin, Bruna B. Carvalho, Giacomo Prosser, Luca Toffolo, Patrizia Macera, and Omar Bartoli. "Genesis of the Eastern Adamello Plutons (Northern Italy): Inferences for the Alpine Geodynamics." Geosciences 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010013.

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The Corno Alto–Monte Ospedale magmatic complex crops out at the eastern border of the Adamello batholith, west of the South Giudicarie Fault (NE Italy). This complex includes tonalites, trondhjemites, granodiorites, granites and diorites exhibiting an unfoliated structure suggesting passive intrusion under extensional-to-transtensional conditions. Major, minor elements, REE and isotopic analyses and geochemical and thermodynamic modelling have been performed to reconstruct the genesis of this complex. Geochemical analyses unravel a marked heterogeneity with a lack of intermediate terms. Samples from different crust sections were considered as possible contaminants of a parental melt, with the European crust of the Serre basement delivering the best fit. The results of the thermodynamic modelling show that crustal melts were produced in the lower crust. Results of the geochemical modelling display how Corno Alto felsic rocks are not reproduced by fractional crystallization nor by partial melting alone: their compositions are intermediate between anatectic melts and melts produced by fractional crystallization. The tectonic scenario which favored the intrusion of this complex was characterized by extensional faults, active in the Southalpine domain during Eocene. This extensional scenario is related to the subduction of the Alpine Tethys in the Eastern Alps starting at Late Cretaceous time.
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Fratianni, Florinda, Antonio d’Acierno, Autilia Cozzolino, Patrizia Spigno, Riccardo Riccardi, Francesco Raimo, Catello Pane, et al. "Biochemical Characterization of Traditional Varieties of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) of the Campania Region, Southern Italy." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060556.

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Bioactive compounds of different Campania native sweet pepper varieties were evaluated. Polyphenols ranged between 1.37 mmol g−1 and 3.42 mmol g−1, β-carotene was abundant in the red variety “Cazzone” (7.05 μg g−1). Yellow and red varieties showed a content of ascorbic acid not inferior to 0.82 mg g−1, while in some green varieties the presence of ascorbic acid was almost inconsistent. Interrelationships between the parameters analyzed and the varieties showed that ascorbic acid could represent the factor mostly influencing the antioxidant activity. Polyphenol profile was different among the varieties, with a general prevalence of acidic phenols in yellow varieties and of flavonoids in red varieties. Principal Component Analysis, applied to ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and β-carotene, revealed that two of the green varieties (“Friariello napoletano” and “Friariello Sigaretta”) were well clustered and that the yellow variety “Corno di capra” showed similarity with the green varieties, in particular with “Friariello Nocerese”. This was confirmed by the interrelationships applied to polyphenol composition, which let us to light on a clustering of several red and yellow varieties, and that mainly the yellow ”Corno di capra” was closer to the green varieties of “Friariello”.
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Pasini, Alba, Roberta Donati, Barbara Bramanti, Luciano Salzani, and Emanuela Gualdi-Russo. "New Evidence of Prehistoric Neurosurgery in Italy: The Case of Castello Del Tartaro." World Neurosurgery 128 (August 2019): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.096.

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Bianchi, C., A. De Santis, A. Meloni, and B. Zolesi. "Regional latitudinal magnetic and ionospheric effects of the March 13, 1989 storm over Italy." Canadian Journal of Physics 70, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p92-091.

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In March 1989, after a series of intense solar events, relevant effects on the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere were recorded. Astonishing phenomena (exceptional brilliant auroras, total blackouts of HF radio links, and one of the strongest magnetospheric and ionospheric storms ever recorded in this century) were observed in Italy during this month. In this paper the study of the main magnetic and ionospheric effects that occurred before and during the strong magnetospheric storm of March 13, as they were observed over Italy, is reported. Geomagnetic field elements from two Italian magnetic observatories L'Aquila, Castello Tesino and a temporary magnetic station (S. Nicolô Gerrei) as well as data scaled from two ionospheric stations, Rome and Gibilmanna, are discussed considering their latitudinal dependence and other different site characteristics.
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Pirinu, Andrea, Giancarlo Sanna, and Leonardo Scalas. "Graphical Documentation of the Historical City of Cagliari (Italy)." Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0038.

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Abstract The documentation of the urban historical heritage is the preliminary step to identify the correct strategies for its protection and enhancement. To achieve this aim it is necessary to acquire a graphic documentation at the different scales of detail required by a multi-layered system as the historical landscape; this complexity can now be explored integrating traditional and digital survey methods and representation methodologies. Traditional methods, in particular, are characterized by a direct contact with places; this condition guarantee a deepest perception and a total immersion in the landscape integrating and giving quality to the considerable amount of data offered by recent technologies; this approach has been applied in the survey of the historical city of Cagliari in which the medieval districts of Marina, Stampace, Villanova and Castello retain a great part of the modern walled system built since the fourteenth century until the first half of the nineteenth century and a lot of interesting buildings designed for civil, public and religious use.
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Testa, Alessio, Alessandro Valentini, Paolo Boncio, Bruno Pace, Francesco Visini, Francesco Mirabella, and Cristina Pauselli. "Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis of the Anghiari - Città di Castello normal fault (Italy)." Italian Journal of Geosciences 140, no. 3 (October 2021): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2021.07.

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Pergalani, F., R. de Franco, M. Compagnoni, and G. Caielli. "Evaluation of site effects using numerical and experimental analyses in Città di Castello (Italy)." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 26, no. 10 (October 2006): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.02.003.

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Benatti, Alessandra, Marie Bal, Philippe Allée, Giovanna Bosi, and Anna Maria Mercuri. "Plant landscape reconstruction above the current timberline at the Monte Cimone and Corno alle Scale mountain areas (Northern Apennines, Italy) during the Late Holocene: The evidence from soil charcoal." Holocene 29, no. 11 (July 24, 2019): 1767–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619862033.

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This paper presents the first pedoanthracological study carried out on two mountains of the Northern Apennines, Monte Cimone, and Corno alle Scale, where the results provided new palaeoenvironmental data. The pedoantracological sampling followed an elevation gradient from the current timberline to the highest possible elevation, also adapted to the geomorphological characteristics of the study areas. Based on radiocarbon datings (16 at Monte Cimone and 9 at Corno alle Scale), the soil charcoal fragments provided data about the vegetation dynamics and plant landscape reconstruction, primarily indicating the Late Holocene. The landscape over the last 3000 years appears very similar to the current one with very small altitudinal variations of the timberline and treeline. The present study shows a lack of radiocarbon dates for the Middle Holocene and two hypotheses are discussed to explain this finding. Data suggest that past fires were locally linked to periods of climate optimum and possibly with the management of natural resources (especially animal grazing) by human societies. Some questions concerning the absence of Abies alba, today only present as plantation and normally associated with Fagus sylvatica at these latitudes, are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Castello il Corno (Italy)"

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Grönwald, Holger [Verfasser], and Sebastian [Akademischer Betreuer] Brather. "Archäologie und Geschichte des hoch- und spätmittelalterlichen Landesausbau im Friaul – Rolle und Entwicklung der Burg Cucagna und ihrer Ausstattung im Nordosten Italiens = Archaeology and history of the High and Late Middle Age land development in Friuli – The role and development of Cucagna castle and its environs in the northeast of Italy = Evidenze archeologiche e evoluzione del sistema insediativo in Friuli in epoca medie-vale – Ruolo e sviluppo del Castello di Cucagna e del suo equipaggiamento nel nord-est Italia." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119716918/34.

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Books on the topic "Castello il Corno (Italy)"

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Franco, Di Pede, and Giura Longo Raffaele, eds. Il castello di Matera. [Italy]: Paternoster, 1994.

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Paolo, Portoghesi, and Bocchi Francesca, eds. Il Castello: Origini, realtà, fantasia : Ferrara, Castello Estense. Ferrara: Corbo, 1985.

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Baiutti, Giorgio. Castello di Cassacco. Cassacco, Udine: Consorzio per la salvaguardia dei castelli storici del Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1987.

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M, Lanzinger, and Berlanda Giuseppe, eds. Il castello di Noarna. Trento: L'Editore, 1992.

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Andreina, Griseri, and Fondo per l'ambiente italiano, eds. Il castello di Masino. Milano: Electa, 1989.

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Vicini, Donata. Il castello visconteo di Pavia. Pavia: Antares, 1991.

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civico, Merano (Italy) Museo, ed. Il castello principesco. [Merano]: Comune di Merano, Museo civico, 2002.

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Arezzo, Carmelo. Castello di Donnafugata. [Syracuse, Italy]: ERRE produzioni, 2010.

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Micheletti, Cesare. Il castello di Pietrapiana. Trento [Italy]: L'Editore, 1992.

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Giaccone, Carla Michelli. Bracciano e il suo castello. Roma: F.lli Palombi, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Castello il Corno (Italy)"

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"Historical and Geographical Introduction." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 1–9. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.4.

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"General Discussion and Conclusions." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 52–63. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.9.

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"The Material Culture." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 21–36. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.6.

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"The Burial Places." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 37–44. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.7.

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"Bibliography." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 136–46. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.14.

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"Paleoenvironmental and Economic Aspects." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 45–51. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.8.

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"Catalogue of Finds." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 64. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.10.

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"The Rovereto Civic Museum Excavations." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 10–20. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.5.

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"Appendix." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 133–35. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.13.

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"Catalogue Entries." In The Archaeological Excavations in the Castel Corno Caves (Isera, Trento, Italy), 65–94. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x1npm2.11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Castello il Corno (Italy)"

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Giamello, Marco, Stefano Columbu, Fabio Gabbrielli, Sonia Mugnaini, and Andrea Scala. "Le tenaci malte della torre del castello di Cerreto Ciampoli (Siena, Italia)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11495.

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Strong mortars from the tower of the Cerreto Ciampoli castle (Siena, Italy)Known since the eleventh century, the castle of Cerreto Ciampoli was one of the main fortifications of the ancient Republic of Siena (Tuscany, Italy). The magnificent ruins, located on the top of a hill overlooking the Chianti Mountains, consist of two city walls, a door, a church, the remains of some rooms and a mighty tower lying on the ground broken up into five sections of several meters in length. The present study is focused on the analysis of the mineralogical-petrographic and chemical features of the sack and the bedding mortars of the tower, and it is aimed at understanding the exceptional qualities of these mortars that, during the collapse of the artifact, prevented the tower from shattering into smaller pieces. The tenacity of these mortars appears to be the result of the concurrence of more expedients, such as the choice of well-selected materials (hydraulic limes obtained from the local Alberese limestone, sandy aggregates from well-rinsed river sands with a high silicoclastic component) and the use of particular technical methods (i.e. hot lime technique).
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Rizzo, E., M. Guerriero, E. Gueguen, L. Capozzoli, G. De martino, and F. Perciante. "Cave-surface Electrical Resistivity Tomography in “Castello di Lepre” Karst System (Marsico Nuovo, Southern Italy)." In 23rd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702078.

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Zunno, Antonio. "La fortezza e il suo giardino: uno sguardo dal mare." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11368.

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The fortress and its garden: a view from the seaThe Fortress was built from 1554, on the ruins of an ancient convent, at the behest of Philip of Austria, and it was completed in about 55 years under the direction of Giulio Cesare Falco, knight of the Order of Malta and Captain General against the Turks. The maine structure, called Forte a Mare, was joined with the Opera a Corno, a mighty rampart with the function of enclosure of the intermediate island, separated from the other island in 1598 by the construction of the Angevin canal: here were arranged the lodgings of the troops and garrisons. Castello and Forte, were named by the Spaniards Isla Fortalera que abre el Puerto Grande, because of its particular position to protect the port. The complex was entrusted to the Germans in 1715, then conquered by the French Revolutionaries and, in 1815, re-annexed to the Kingdom of Naples and destined to lazaretto. A period of decline follows until the end of the 19th century when Brindisi became a first class naval base and the fort became a garrison of the Royal Navy, destined, during the Great War, to recover torpedoes and detonators The recovery of the complex, starting in the 1980s, allowed the conservation of the structures but was never included in a real valorisation program. With this intervention in progress, a first visit is expected through the visit from the walkways through a circular route from the Castle to the whole Opera in Corno: the itinerary will allow you to retrace the history of the Fortress and enjoy a unique view from the high towards the sea, also through the passage in a curtain of Mediterranean scrub that has colonized the walls over the centuries, creating a veritable hanging garden on the sea. The aim is to lead the visitor to the rediscovery a forgotten place that is closely connected to the coastal landscape, for which it is a privileged point of view also in relation to the city and the port.
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Tartaglino, Elisa. "Il paesaggio archeologico del castello di Nucetto (Piemonte, Italia): una possibile conservazione." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11439.

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The archaeological landscape of Nucetto’s Castle (Piedmont, Italy): a possible conservationEach fortified architecture has its own specificities thanks to which defend the territory, it is usually part of garrison systems and has always been a protagonist of the events of the place where it was built. Through this reading can be interpreted the ruins of the Castle of Nucetto (CN, Italy), which insist on the land of Alta Valle Tanaro –mostly located on the south-east portion of Cuneo’s territory and in a little part of Savona’s one– as real landmark visible from the historical road axis of the valley. The castle’s ruins became part of the consolidated image of the landscape thanks to the union they generated with the context giving rise to a recognizable landscape. The castle is part of a wider defensive system intimately linked to the history of the Marquisate of Ceva. Despite the still uncertain reliability of the documents available, the original structure can be dated at the eleventh century. The presence of bands of hanging arches that run along some elevated of the structure allow to hypothesize and recognize a first foundational nucleus while some traces of frescoes rise to appreciable particularities during the visit. The tower, whose base is in brick, but the top part is curiously in stone, is today the best preserved. The paper aims to analyze the fortification –made with different materials– to understand the extent of the historical stratifications found in the presence of at least two expansions dating from the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, up to the nineteenth-century destruction wanted by Napoleon. It is also the author’s will to propose some suggestions for a possible conservation, starting with an analysis of the state of today's storage (outcome of very limited consolidation interventions operated twenty years ago) to arrive at its insertion in more valuation circuits wide.
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Gattuso, Caterina, Marco Castriota, Philomène Gattuso, and Francesca Saggio. "Memoria e conoscenza. Il castello di Belmonte in Calabria." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11486.

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Memory and knowledge. The castle of Belmonte in CalabriaA small A small village located in Italy on the Calabrian Tyrrhenian coast, Belmonte Calabro has its historic center with a typical medieval urban structure that has remained almost unchanged over the centuries and is characterized by the presence of the ruins of a castle and its surrounding environments whose. The planimetry succeeds to be identified because it is bordered by a wall, only partially preserved, pronounced by towers and marked by a road that, in its main points still existing, follows its development. The castle, built on the hill’s top of a tuff nature, in an elevated position respect to the urban core, had a plan with a roughly quadrangular shape with four imposing square towers. Of particular note is its curtain wall that originally had four doors, which opened in correspondence at the four cardinal points. In addition to having suffered several collapses in many parts of its structure due to the various earthquakes that occurred over time, as well as various looting and the siege by the French artillery dating back to the early 1800s, the castle is currently subjected to degrading actions due to the attack of biological type, which manifests itself with a widespread presence of patinas, as well as those due to a thick weed vegetation that affects many of the surfaces of its structure. The study aims to provide a useful contribution to reconstructing the profile of the original structure of the ancient castle. To obtain, therefore, more information about it, a specific survey plan was developed to characterize its constituent materials and also its state of preservation. To this end, in correspondence of structural parts still intact, samples were collected that were analyzed and characterized in the laboratory by Raman Spectroscopy.
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Muscatello, Giovanna, Aurora Quarta, and Carmine Mitello. "Salendo sulla Vedetta. Un rilievo laser scanner all’interno del castello di Gallipoli." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11457.

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Going up on the lookout. A laser scanner survey inside the Gallipoli castleGallipoli is a city located along the Ionian coast of Salento (Apulia, Italy) and it still preserves its original defensive system. Nowadays, the phases dating from the sixteenth century are visible together with the later ones and, in recent years, particular attention was dedicated to the Castle. It was opened for visitors from 2014, except to the so-called tower “Della Vedetta”, located on the northwestern quadrilateral’s corner. The only accessible areas of the castle’s lower level are two rooms with a connecting corridor, but the lower portion of the examined tower offers a rare proof of graffiti that has few local parallels. After a deep bibliographic and archivist research and the comparison with analogue works on similar well-studied contexts, we have carried out a direct analysis of this unknown portion through a 3D laser scanner. The scanner result proved to be an excellent tool to investigate the tower, whose articulation is made up of different rooms located on different levels connected by flights of stairs and where numerous mouths of fire are set. This 3D model allows to delineate the internal articulation, the constructive technique, the structural interventions and the whole corpus of graffiti too. The 3D survey helped to extrapolate considerable and various data. Moreover, it has suggested that a realization of a complete 3D model of the Castle can be a fruitful resource for its knowledge and it could represent a precious tool for an interactive enjoyment of the sectors still not open to visitors.
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Cecamore, Stefano. "Il castello di Morrea. Evoluzione e destino delle strutture fortificate nel centro Italia." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11391.

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The castle of Morrea. Evolution and destiny of fortified structures in Central ItalyThe shape that today characterizes the fortified building of the castle of Morrea is only the last of the various stratifications that have modified the original layout thorughout the centuries. The current aspect of the building is most likely linked to the interventions promoted by the Piccolomini family between the twentieth and twenty-first century. The building represents the evolution from castrum to aristocratic residence that involves the various fortified structures placed along the Apennine ridge between the eastern and western front of Central Italy. In this area the various degrees of transformations of the castles, which are periodically updated for reasons due to oxidation and representative natures, are clearly readable. The artifacts analyseable represent a wide range of samples of fortifications of the most ancient form of specialized buildings which were often largely left in the state of ruins, including that of buildings yet still functional, however, far from their consistency and original purpose. The overall panorama of this architectural heritage outlines a complex scenario consisting of problems related to the conservation and maintenance where restoration projects need to find and be in the proper position of restoration and respect of the bond between the building environment, the landscape and the identities of the territory.
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Ponzetta, Alessandra. "Il castello di Tutino (Le): una lettura storico-architettonica per la conoscenza del patrimonio pugliese." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11517.

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The castle of Tutino (Le): a case study on knowledge of the Apulian heritageThis study aims to investigate the relationship between a castle located in the Apulian region (Southeastern Italy) and its historical and territorial background. The subject of the research deals with a multi-layered monumental complex located in the lower Salento, in the territory of the town of Tricase, which includes five castles. This currently presents itself as an irregularly shaped fence marked by five towers, whose original structure dates back to at least the fifteenth century. In particular, on one side of the castle a baronial palace was built by the Trani family in the eighties of the sixteenth century. As far as it concerns the history of the entire complex it should be noticed that it has undergone various enlargements and modifications due to changes of its property and use. This process is both documented at the archival-bibliographic level, and experienced by the analysis of the masonry stratigraphy, thanks to which it has been possible to identify the various stages of the historical-constructive development of the castle. In conclusion, the analysis carried out intends to clarify how the historical dynamics occurred in the region of Apulia influenced the final stage of the castle of Tutino; to this end it will be considered the evolution of constructive techniques and perspectives belonging to the local tradition, in order to demonstrate the impact on the features of this castle.
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Gattuso, Caterina, Anna M. Palermo, Irene Barba Castagnaro, and Francesca M. Ruberto. "Conoscenza e analisi dei materiali per la conservazione del castello di Maida in Calabria (Italia)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11437.

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Knowledge and material analysis for conservation actions related to the Maida castle in Calabria (Italy)The Maida castle is located in a hill site in historical center of the Maida City, facing two sea gulfs: Squillace gulf on the east side and Sant’Eufemia gulf on the west side. The position is strategic moreover because the castle is located in the center of Calabria between the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian Seas. Hidden in an inner area, the castle was erected on a rock which has a wide perspective view, giving the ability to control a stretch of territory between the two coasts and allowing to make an easier defense. Although today the fortress appears mainly as a ruin, it is still possible to distinguish one of the quadrangular towers as used as district prison, some inaccessible underground spaces and part of the walls. The state of degradation is evident, caused by the time action and, unfortunately, by inadequate maintenance activity. Most of the external surfaces have evident signs of deterioration, caused by bad weather conditions, but above all by weed vegetation. To better understand the role of the factors as biological aggression, a study has been carried out focusing on most common and widespread biological degradation present on the external surfaces of the castle. Samples of biological materials were taken and examined in the laboratory in order to acquire useful information about the state of the monument. This knowledge is necessary because it provides a first picture of the main causes of degradation of the castle and useful information for developing more aware and respectful restorations of its identity.
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10

Versaci, Antonella, Alessio Cardaci, and Luca Renato Fauzia. "Il progetto della conoscenza per la conservazione e il restauro del castello aragonese di Piazza Armerina." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.17973.

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The castle of Piazza Armerina in Sicily is a historic landmark that dates to the second half of the 14th century. It was erected by King Martin I, likely on a preexisting Franciscan monastery. The history of the manor is incomplete, particularly until it was converted into a prison in the early 19th century. This function, which lasted until the 60s of the 20th century, involved several changes in its original layout. Further abandonment has led to a gradual decline and to important instability phenomena. The purchase by private individuals in 2017 renewed interest in the monument and launched a new phase of study aimed at its conservation and enhancement. The methodological path carried out made it possible to analytically illustrate the state of conservation of the structure. The new cognitive framework also allowed to identify elements that were useful for the formulation of re-configurative hypotheses. In 2019, the owner of the property made the decision to undertake the restoration of the exterior walls. The intervention – which partially enjoyed the tax benefits deriving from the Façade Bonus established by the 2020 Italian Budget Law – has not yet been completed and is suspended pending the recovery of the sums necessary for the continuation of the works. However, the opportunity offered by this program was certainly advantageous, making it possible to start an unavoidable conservation activity. This tax measure, which draws inspiration from the French Malraux law (1962) has favoured the recovery of several historical buildings in Italy, but the timing imposed by the financing and the difficulties aroused for the sale of tax credits, have created a series of setbacks and dangers for the correct carrying out of the activities on which this paper focuses.
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