Journal articles on the topic 'Caste and sacrificial organization'
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Zagorodnyuk, N. I. "Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-12-327-343.
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The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.
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Yang, Jong Ho, Dongjin Oh, and Seung Yeon Son. "Self-sacrificial Leadership and Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Effect of Role Model Influence and the Moderating Effect of Overall Justice." Korean Academy of Organization and Management 47, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36459/jom.2023.47.1.59.
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The organization has been striving to secure the capabilities of members with discriminatory and competitive advantages to survive fierce competition while adapting to the rapidly changing environment. Among these factors of competitive advantage, knowledge is considered a strategic resource for the survival of the organization. As the creation of new knowledge by organizational members and efficient management have emerged as the top priority for the prosperity and sustainability of the organization, studies have been conducted on knowledge sharing and information related to task performance among members. Through previous studies, it was found that the role of the leader in knowledge sharing of members had a considerable influence, but it had several limitations, so it was intended to supplement this through this study. First, it was confirmed that Self-sacrificial leadership presented as one of the leadership that positively affects members' attitudes or behaviors from the perspective of discretionary and self-sacrificial behavior without formal compensation or recognition, even though members' knowledge sharing is positive behavior for peers and organizations. Second, members examined the mediating effect between self-sacrificial leadership and knowledge sharing of role model influences on the premise that knowledge sharing behavior will increase through the process of imitating their desirable role model, leader's self-sacrificial attitude and behavior. Third, members who face environmental uncertainties in the organization pay more attention to the leader's behavior and respond more clearly to the leader's behavior, confirming the moderating effect of overall justice on the influence of the leader's self-sacrificial leadership. For an empirical study, data collected from 187 samples of supervisors-subordinates dyads among Navy officers and enlisted were used. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis and SPSS Macro, it was found that self-sacrificial leadership had a positive(+) relationship with knowledge sharing, and role model influence mediated the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and knowledge sharing. In addition, the lower the overall fairness, the stronger the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and role model influence, and the lower the overall fairness, the stronger the indirect effect between self-sacrificial leadership and role model influence. This study contributed to expanding the academic knowledge of the relationship between variables by identifying how self-sacrificial leadership affects the knowledge sharing and revealing the influence process of the role model and the moderating effect of overall justice. In addition, practical implications were provided to the organization by confirming the positive impact of self-sacrificial leadership that can promote knowledge sharing for the organization's prosperity and sustainability, and finally, the limitations of research and future research directions were discussed.
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Butt, Waqas H. "Beyond the Abject: Caste and the Organization of Work in Pakistan's Waste Economy." International Labor and Working-Class History 95 (2019): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000061.
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AbstractThis article examines the historical processes by which low or non-caste groups have situated themselves in Pakistan's waste economy. Adopting caste as a category of governance, the colonial regime implemented policies and interventions that not only impacted these groups in the Punjab, but also cemented enduring connections between caste, waste work, and governance, which have subsequently shaped the trajectories of waste work in cities like Lahore. Moving beyond the framework of the “abject,” this article emphasizes caste as a historical category through which social stratification and exclusions have materialized across South Asia, and examines how low or non-caste groups have organized themselves in Pakistan's waste economy, which has resulted from rapid urbanization, bureaucratization and informalization, regional labor migration, consumptive economies, urban development, and sociopolitical relations. Rather than inhabiting the abjectness of capitalism, modernity, or caste hierarchy, this article argues that these groups have carved out a space for themselves and their wider social relations in cities like Lahore in Pakistan, where social inequalities and stratification are undeniable facets of urban life.
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Mehta, Purvi. "Diaspora as Spokesperson and Watchdog: Laxmi Berwa, VISION, and Anti-Caste Activism by Dalits in the United States." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.1.2020-11-06.
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In 1978, Dalit immigrants in New York and New Jersey came together to form the first anti-caste organization in the United States: Volunteers in the Service of India’s Oppressed and Neglected (VISION). A transnational activist organization with a specifically diasporic focus, VISION was created to advocate for India’s Dalits. This article analyzes the activism—protest, advocacy, and consciousness-raising—of VISION and one of its chief architects, Dr. Laxmi Berwa. Throughout the 1980s and afterwards, Berwa and members of VISION staged protests at venues large and small, appealed to international human rights organizations, and built cross-racial and ethnic alliances with other minoritized groups, especially African Americans. Their activism was instrumental in increasing the global visibility and awareness of the problem of caste and to building a transnational network of support for India’s Dalits. Anti-caste activism also shaped the formation of identity and community abroad; it exposed significant caste-based fissures in the Indian diaspora and revealed alternative ways of being, imagining, and utilizing a diasporic identity from what is often assumed in studies of Indian Americans. This article argues that transnational activism by Berwa and VISION helped constitute a new community in the United States, a community of overseas anti-caste activists, in short, a Dalit diaspora.
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Yang, Jianchun, Lu Lu, Nan Yao, and Chaochao Liang. "Self-sacrificial leadership and employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior: Roles of identification with leaders and collectivism." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8285.
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Employee behavior that is unethical but that may potentially benefit the organization is termed unethical pro-organizational behavior. Based on social identity theory, we examined the influence of a self-sacrificial leadership style on employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior, as well as the mediating effect of identification with leader and the moderating role of collectivism. Participants were 336 Chinese employees in different industries including telecommunications, manufacturing, and catering. Results show that self-sacrificial leadership was positively related to the employees' unethical proorganizational behavior, and the positive influence was mediated by identification with leader. Additionally, collectivism moderated the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and the employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior, such that the positive relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and unethical proorganizational behavior was stronger when collectivism was higher. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Hogan, Patrick Colm. "Narrative Universals, Nationalism, and Sacrificial Terror: From Nosferatu to Nazism." Film Studies 8, no. 1 (2006): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.8.10.
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It has been widely asserted that nationhood is inseparable from narration. This vague claim may be clarified by understanding that nationalism is bound up with the universal prototypical narrative structures of heroic, romantic, and sacrificial tragi-comedy. This essay considers an historically important case of the emplotment of nationalism - the sacrificial organization of German nationalism between the two world wars. It examines one exemplary instance of this emplotment, F. W. Murnau‘s Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (1922). However unintentionally, Nosferatu represents the vampire in a way that is cognitively continuous with Nazi representations of Jews. The films sacrificial emplotment of vampirism is, in turn, continuous with Nazi policies. That continuity places the film in a larger discourse that helped to make Nazi policies possible.
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Plante, Rebecca F., and James Aho. "The Orifice as Sacrificial Site: Culture, Organization, and the Body." Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 5 (September 2003): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556488.
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Simpson, John H., and James Aho. "The Orifice as Sacrificial Site: Culture, Organization, and the Body." Sociology of Religion 65, no. 1 (2004): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712509.
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Krishna, Anirudh. "What Is Happening to Caste? A View from Some North Indian Villages." Journal of Asian Studies 62, no. 4 (November 2003): 1171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3591763.
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The role of caste in indian politics is undergoing considerable change. Caste and patron-client links have been regarded traditionally as the building blocks of political organization in India (Brass 1994; Manor 1997; Migdal 1988; Kothari 1988; Weiner 1967), and vertical and horizontal mobilizations by patrons and caste leaders, respectively, have been important influences on political outcomes (Rudolph and Rudolph 1967). There are indications, however, that the influence of patronage and caste might have declined considerably in recent years:[National-level] survey data reveal some important facts that run counter to the conventional wisdom on voter behavior. … In 1996, 75 percent of the sample said they were not guided by anyone in their voting decision. … Of the 25 percent who sought advice, only 7 percent sought it from caste and community leaders … that is, less than 2 percent of the electorate got direct advice on how to vote from caste and community leaders. … The most important survey data show the change over time. In 1971, 51 percent of the respondents agreed that it was “important to vote the way your caste/community does” (30 percent disagreed), but in 1996 the percentages were reversed: 51 percent disagreed with that statement (29 percent agreed). … In 1998, “caste and community” was seen as an issue by only 5.5 percent of the respondents in one poll … and [it] ranked last of nine issues in another. All the evidence points to the fact that these respondents are correct: members of particular castes … can be found voting for every party. … It is less and less true that knowing the caste of a voter lets you reliably predict the party he or she will vote for.(Oldenburg 1999, 13–15, emphasis in original)
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Banks, Marcus J. "Defining Division: An Historical Overview of Jain Social Organization." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 3 (July 1986): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00007812.
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This paper briefly charts the progress and findings of European scholars approaching the issues of caste and sect in the Jain community over the last two centuries. Other authors have already discussed the European interest in Jain textual and philosophical issues, and while I touch on these briefly, my main concern is to outline Jain social organization, with particular reference to Swetambar communities in the north.
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Miura, O. "Social organization and caste formation in three additional parasitic flatworm species." Marine Ecology Progress Series 465 (September 28, 2012): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09886.
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A. Hakim, P. Sembada, and S. D. S. Andik. "Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Peternakan Hewan Qurban di Kota Sukabumi dan Kabupaten Bogor, Studi Kasus: Zona Hijau dan Merah." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 9, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.9.3.120-126.
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Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic and Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the outbreak. This has a major impact on the social economic and the prosperous community, especially for sub sector livestock which contributes to the fulfillment of the nutritional value of animal protein and national food security. This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the livestock sector, especially to the sacrificial animal farm. Direct interviews using a questionnaire were conducted with 36 sacrifial animal farmers in the area of the Covid-19 spread map in the red zone (Bogor Regency) and the green zone (Sukabumi City) from September to November, 2020. The questionnaire was divided into three parts, first part about characteristics of farmers, second part about farming activities, and the last about market of sacrificial animals. The pandemic has caused changes in livestock procurement in terms of input prices and sales of sacrificial animals. The price of livestock for the production input during the pandemic in the green zone is low, while in the red zone is high. The decrease in sales occurred in the green zone, while in the red zone is increase, both for sheep and cattle farmers. Most of sacrificial animal farmers (88.89%) did not change their sales method from the previous year. Sacrificial animal farmers also strongly agree that Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the economic conditions of farmers.
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Awale, Sushil. "Socio-economic Impact of Caste Based Organization in and out of that Caste in Lalitpur Metropolitan (Reference to Jyapu Society)." KIC International Journal of Social Science and Management 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kicijssm.v1i1.51101.
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Jayapu s are considered as first settlers of the Kathmandu valley but from the middle age they have been exploited and suppressed. Jyapu Society (Jyapu Samaj) was established in 1994 in Lalitpur Municipality comprising of 40 areas/toles and member population of around 70 thousand with the objective to uplift Jyapu community. This organization is working in the field of economic upliftment, education, health, cultural preservation, maintaining peace, security and discipline in the community, curtail unsuitable traditional behavioral, bring unity among Jyapu s and keep coordinated to other communities. In the descriptive study on impact of Jyapu society, the study finds 71% Jyapu s realize the economic benefits from Jyapu society but 30% non Jyapu s are skeptical about it. Therefore, Jyapu society must be cautious in its activities so it does not offend other communities.
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Hemphill, Brian E., John R. Lukacs, and Subhash R. Walimbe. "Ethnic identity, biological history and dental morphology: evaluating the indigenous status of Maharashtra's Mahars." Antiquity 74, no. 285 (September 2000): 671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00060051.
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The idea of indigenous people in South Asia is more complex than elsewhere, in part because it involves longstanding and intimate contact between ‘tribal’ and non-tribal peoples (Béteille 1998; Gardner 1985; Lukacs in press). Additional complications arise from the hierarchal and endogamous structure of Hindu social and ritual organization, including the plight of people who occupy the lowest stratum of the hierarchy — ‘untouchables’ (Charsley 1996; Delikge 1992; 1993). Because the system of socioreligious stratification known as caste does not encourage social mobility, new ethnic identity is often sought by groups whose position in the hierarchy is low (Dumont 1980; Klass 1980; Kolinda 1978). Biological anthropologists are interested in the caste system for the opportunities it offers to understand the interaction of cultural behaviour with the biological patterning of human genetic and phenotypic diversity (Majumder 1998; Majumder et al. 1990; Malhotra 1974). Although most Westerners perceive caste as an immutable category, in which membership is ascribed, and hierarchal rank is forever fixed, many accounts of castes changing their occupational and ritual status have been documented (Silverberg 1968). Some castes seek to elevate their ritual or economic position by claiming higher status and adopting an appropriate new caste name, while others lay claim to indigenous origins seeking to benefit from rights and privileges that accompany autochthonous status. Such claims often involve adopting new or different patterns of behaviour commonly associated with the new social, religious, indigenous or occupational position claimed. This process is sufficiently common in India to be labelled ‘Sanskritization’ when a Hindu caste emulates higher castes (Srinivas 1968), ‘Hinduization’ when tribal or non-caste groups emulate Hindu castes, or more generally, ‘elite-emulation’ (Lynch 1969).
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O. P. Yadav, Rajmani, and A. K. Singh A. K. Singh. "MNREGA: Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents in Basti District, Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2023): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1204.012.
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The study was conducted in purposively selected two development blocks of Basti and Saltua Gopalapur in district Basti. From the above related blocks 10 villages selected for the study selected randomly in the light ie. specific objectives. Thus, finally 120 respondents were selected for the study. The data were collected through personal interview method collected data were analysed. Majority of the respondents belong to adult age group followed by young and old age group. Out of 120 respondents 57.5 per cent belong to scheduled caste and remaining 37.5 per cent belong to backward caste and 5.0 per cent general caste of the other caste received benefits from the scheme. Most of the respondents were Primary School 44.167 per cent followed by Primary school, can sign only, Junior High School, Intermediate, and Graduation level to the extent 21.67, 15, 8.33, 6.67 and 4.1167 per cent respectively. Maximum benefits 51.67 per cent respondents Mixed house and followed by Paccha house and Kaccha house 26.67& 21.66 per cent respectively. Majority 65 per cent respondents shall exist under single family system 35 per cent family were found joint type of family. Majority of the respondents belong to the small size family (upto 5 members) i.e. 66.67 per cent followed by 28.33 per cent medium family (6 to 8 member) and large family (above 8 member) 5 per cent. Maximum 36.67 per cent belong to Agriculture + Dairying 33.33 per cent agriculture labours and only 30 per cent non agriculture labours. Majority 60.83 per cent were found non – affiliated with any organization while 26.67 per cent and 12.5 per cent respondents has the membership of more than one organization. Majority 47.5 per cent had medium income level followed by high income level 31.67 per cent and 14.16 per cent low and 6.67 high incomes (up to 12000 and above 20000 respectively).
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Mortensen, Ashley N., Bryan Smith, and James D. Ellis. "Social Organization of Honey Bees." EDIS 2015, no. 9 (December 1, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1102-2015.
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A honey bee colony is a superorganism, which means that together its members function like a single animal. Bees within a colony work together like the cells in a human body. They warm the colony in the winter by vibrating their wings to generate heat and cool it in the summer by ferrying in droplets of water and fanning air over them. Worker bees fan air into and out of the colony entrance in distinct inhalations and exhalations. Colonies reproduce by swarming to create new daughter colonies that in turn thermoregulate, breathe, and reproduce just as a single autonomous animal does. In three pages this fact sheet explains the intricate caste system and age-based division of labor that allows colonies of humankind’s best-loved pollinators to function and thrive. Written by Ashley N. Mortensen, Bryan Smith, and James D. Ellis, and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department, November 2015.
ENY-166/IN1102: The Social Organization of Honey Bees (ufl.edu)
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Sinha, Amar Kumar, Chandra Prakash Gaire, and Babu Ram Pokhrel. "Prevalence of Anemia Among Schedule Caste Women in Rural Area of Eastern Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i2.24649.
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Anemia of schedule caste women in Rural area ofeastern Nepal is a prominent problem in developing countries. On the present study is to determine the prevalence of anemia of schedule caste women of Baijnathpur, eastern Nepal.
A Cross sectional study was conducted to the schedule caste non -pregnant women of the age group 20 - >70 years during August - November 2015.A total 432 women were participant in the present study. Cyanmethamoglobin used for the determination of anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 242(56%) out of N= 432 women. Anaemia was classified as per the world health organization (WHO), mild, moderate and severe. The highest prevalence of anaemia 66.7% was found at the age group of 50-59 years and second highest 59.3% was found at the age group of 20-29 years of the anaemic population. The mean and SD of haemoglobin were 11.49±2.05gm/dl and 10.14±1.57 gm/dl of total and anaemic population respectively
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 264-268
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Kaushik, Archana. "From Hunger Deaths to Healthy Living: A Case Study of Dalits in Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 10, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x17744623.
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Caste system, still widely prevalent in various spheres of Indian social life, perpetuates social, economic and educational deprivation amongst Dalits, leading to their marginalization and social exclusion. The article is based on an intervention to address caste-based discrimination that was resulting in abject poverty, malnutrition and hunger deaths among Dalits in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Health care staff such as ANMs and Anganwadi workers practice untouchability by not touching Dalits and consequently they could not access health care services and other general civic and pro-poor schemes and programmes. Adhering to Freire’s conscientization model People’s Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR), a Civil Society Organization (CSO), carried out interventions by mobilizing Dalits, using media and administrative advocacy, collaborating with national and international human rights organizations, and creating pressure on the government to respond. With consistent collaborative efforts and social action, rural Dalits could ensure healthy living as their access to food security services improved. The success story presented in the article provides insight to learn and theorize working models of Dalit empowerment and checking caste-based discrimination.
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Nielsen, Sigrid S., Malan Johansen, and Kim N. Mouritsen. "Caste formation in larval Himasthla elongata (Trematoda) infecting common periwinkles Littorina littorea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 5 (April 2, 2014): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000241.
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Reproductive division of labour is well-known in several animal groups but the ecological factors driving the evolution of such social organization are still being discussed. Recent studies have discovered social organization in four marine species of trematode parasites having two distinct castes specialized for reproduction and defence of the clonal intra-molluscan larval colony, respectively. Here, we provide novel evidence for social structure also in colonies of the trematode Himasthla elongata infecting the common periwinkle Littorina littorea. We found two types of rediae, the parthenogenetic larval offspring of the parasite: small non-reproductive rediae and considerably larger reproductive rediae. Both redial types possessed a digestive system, collar and posterior appendages and, hence, aside from dimensions, were morphologically similar. However, in vitro experiments showed that non-reproductive morphs attacked heterospecific competing parasites at a higher rate (2–3 fold) than reproductive morphs did. No within-colony antagonism was observed. In contrast to a previous study on a congeneric trematode species, our findings suggest a relatively weak caste formation in H. elongata, possibly resulting from a corresponding weaker level of interspecific competition.
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Oliveira, André Henrique de, Luciane Cristina de Oliveira Lisboa, José Eduardo Serrão, José Cola Zanuncio, and Edmilson Amaral de Souza. "Post-embryonic development of intramandibular glands of Friesella schrottkyi (Friese, 1900) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, no. 25 (June 13, 2017): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.25.
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Exocrine glands play important role in social organization of insects, such as caste and inter-caste differentiation. Due their functional and structural plasticity, morphological studies on such glands contribute to better understanding the biology of social bees. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize the sequence of the post-embryonic development of intramandibular glands of Friesella schrottkyi (Friese, 1900) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers using histological and histochemical analyses. The mandibles of pupae at different developmental stages and newly emerged adults were analyzed. The intramandibular glands of F. schrottkyi presented two types: class I glands, in the mandible epidermis and class III glands, inside the mandible cavity that open onto external surface. The intramandibular glands of F. schrottkyi developed during the transition from the prepupae to the white-eyed pupae, as shown by the morphological changes. Black-eyed pupae of F. schrottkyi presented fully developed intramandibular glands.
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Sempo, Grégory, Stéphanie Depickère, and Claire Detrain. "Spatial organization in a dimorphic ant: caste specificity of clustering patterns and area marking." Behavioral Ecology 17, no. 4 (May 5, 2006): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ark011.
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Dietrich Wielenga, Karuna. "Repertoires of Resistance: The Handloom Weavers of South India, c.1800–1960." International Review of Social History 61, no. 3 (December 2016): 423–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000535.
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AbstractThe article describes and analyses contrasting forms of protest employed by handloom weavers in South India at two key points in time – the early nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries. Following Tilly, it examines how changes in the state’s regulatory regime influenced modes of resistance, but extends this analysis to the influence of production structures and social/cultural factors such as caste. It also maps internal structures of solidarity and the changing role of caste and class in shaping them. It tries to show how repertoires of resistance altered with changes, not just in the regulatory regime, but the broader socio-economic context, and foregrounds their adaptability and dynamism. It explores forms of protest and organization shared by weavers with workers from a wide range of occupations (including factory workers). Above all, it questions the notion of the unchanging character of “primordial” identities while seeking to provide a fuller understanding of the emerging dynamic of collective consciousness amongst non-factory workers in modern India.
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Singh, Dr Om Prakash. "Dalit Movement And Contribution Of Dalit Associations In United Provinces." Journal of Media,Culture and Communication, no. 23 (April 5, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jmcc23.1.7.
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This article attempts to document the history of dalit associations in United Provinces. The main objective of this article is to provide a historical trajectory of evolution of dalit movement and contribution of dalit associations to it in United Provinces. The main argument put forwarded is that dalit associations played an important role in mobilization and organization of multiple dalit castes which prepared ground work for emergence of Dalit movement in United Provinces. Dalit movement in United Provincenial atmosphere for mobilization of Dalits for achieving socio-political rights of Dalits.es attracted the attention of several scholars on account of its success in the form of the Bahujan Samajwadi Party. It has been perceived as a symbol of new trend in Indian politics from below. Studies of Sudha Pai, Chrisstrofar Jafferlot Badri Narayan and Ramnarayan Rawat, look at Dalit assertion from the perspective of politics of people for power. These studies did a commendable job by reflecting upon the historical dynamics of Dalit movement in United Provinces. But the fact is that the role of caste associations established by Dalits and their impact upon the politics of Dalits received insignificant coverage. Consequently, the valuable contribution of Dalit caste associations remained unexplored. This article tries to document the ideas and activities of Dalit caste associations and their impact upon Dalits movement of United Provinces.
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Katyal, Sonal. "Patterns of Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services in Haryana, India." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): i31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i1.29.
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Background: Despite being a relatively smaller state, Haryana’s per capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is high. The statistical data on the status of women has a different story to share. Objective: This study analyzes the maternal healthcare situation in Haryana to examine the differential in utilization of maternal health care service i.e. antenatal care on the basis of socio economic and socio demographic indicators such as Women’s age at Birth, Birth order, Education, Residence, Religion, Wealth index and Caste. Methodology: The present study uses the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data which is similar to the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). DHS collects, disseminates national data on health and population in developing countries. Findings: Indicate that economic status, husband’s education and caste have effect on the utilization of antenatal care services. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates several socio economic and demographic factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care services in Haryana. Efforts need to be taken at community and household level to improve utilization. Abbreviations: NFHS- National Family Health Survey; DHS- Demographic and Health Surveys; MDG- Millennium Development Goals; SC/ST-Scheduled caste/Scheduled tribe; WHO-World Health Organization; MOHFW- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; ANM – Auxiliary Nurse Midwife; VIF – Variance Inflation Factor; OBC- Other Backward Classes; ANC- Antenatal Care; TBA – Trained Birth Attendant
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Ikemoto, Yusuke, Kuniaki Kawabata, Toru Miura, and Hajime Asama. "Mathematical Model of Proportion Control and Fluctuation Characteristic in Termite Caste Differentiation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 4 (August 20, 2007): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0429.
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Self-organization of hierarchy of system has been focused in task allocation of distributed autonomous systems and network analysis. It is important to realize the mechanism of hierarchy generation for implementation in artificial systems. In order to know the principle, we try to model the control of caste differentiations in the termite ecology. Equations of evolution are created, using both of biological data and assumptions obtained by mathematical analysis. In addition, the model is validated by computer simulations. In this study, we propose that the probability migration of individuals and modulations of fluctuation are operated as a differentiation control strategy.
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Khanna, Vandita. "The Holy Cow: Unravelling the Mystery of its Holiness." Millennial Asia 8, no. 2 (October 2017): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399617715827.
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This article aims at debunking the sanctity of the cow that has gained ground as a political vehicle in contemporary times, and exposing the selective reading of texts employed otherwise to further particular religious leanings. Through the course of this article, a wide array of evidence from religious scriptures, legal texts, archaeological materials, epics, commentaries, edicts, foreign travellers’ accounts, debates, statutes and judicial decisions have been resorted to, in order to enable a comprehensive understanding of the trajectory of the cow from sacrificial slaughter to prohibitory injunctions on beef consumption. This article, to begin with, traces the treatment of the cow to the earliest Vedic texts through an academic survey to demystify popular misconceptions regarding religious injunctions against cow slaughter and the inherent sacredness of the cow. It then explores an amalgamation of theories put forth to explicate the transition from cow killing to the present inviolability of the cow. Finally, this article examines the legal and juridical discourse on sanctifying the cow, by tracing Constituent Assembly debates and a series of judgements on cow slaughter under the colonial administration and post-Independence, to conclude that judicial intervention has failed to engage with the religious debate satisfactorily and has made a mockery of constitutional secularism in promoting and normalizing a single dominant-caste Hindu narrative.
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Das, Snehashish. "Fracturing the Historical Continuity on Truth: Jotiba Phule in the Quest for Personhood of Shudras." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2021): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v2i1.265.
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Anti-caste traditions in India work to understand and examine the idea of personhood which the majority in India is deprived of by virtue of being born in the lower rungs of the caste hierarchy. This paper examines the historical continuity in Brahminism and the rupture Jotiba Phule presents to it through his art and activism which serves to disturb the regular flow of singular continuity of what is perceived as history and historiography. Jotiba’s quest is for finding the essence / personhood of, what Butler calls, a ‘precarious subject’ and recognizing that precarious subject – the Shudra, as a subject of history. But the personhood of this precarious subject is never a complete personhood. Therefore, Jotiba attempts to unveil the path towards achieving complete personhood which is embedded in reaffirming the lost or concealed truth – by discontinuing the historical flow of the social structure of caste and establishing a new subject rising out of crisis in social structure in history. I have chosen two works from Jotiba’s works as new methodological tools for history writing and historical criticism, and made hermeneutical and phenomenological readings of the both. The works are his poem Kulambin (a peasant woman), and the Satyashodhak (truth-seeker) marriage as the public performance of protest- as they are both - the essential and the mundane to his life, which exemplifies the truth Jotiba followed and established an organization Satyashodhak Samaj (Society of Truth Seekers) as a testament to it.
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Biswas, Manosanta. "Caste and Socio-cultural Mobility in West Bengal: A Hybrid Cultural Elocution of Matua Reforms Movement." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 10, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x18787568.
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Anthropologists and social historians have considered the caste system to be the most unique feature of Indian social organization. In traditional Bengali Hindu Society, the Namasudras, an untouchable caste, were numerically large but economically deprived and socially discriminated against by the higher castes. Under the leadership of Harichand Thakur (1812–1878) and his son Guruchand Thakur (1847–1937), the ‘Matua’ religious sect developed in the late nineteenth century in eastern part of Bengal to meet certain social needs of the upwardly mobile peasant community of the Namasudras who gained solidarity and self-confidence through the help of the Matua socio-religious identities. The real significance of the Matua sect lies in the fact that a downtrodden community sought to set up an alternative religious conception in an oppositional form and in resistance to the ideology which assigns an independent identity to the downtrodden for their uplift in the high caste elite-dominated society and a reworking of the relation of power within local society which they believed would lead to all-round human development. In this article, I would like to show the evidences which would give an undertaking that the Matua socio-cultural reform movement is continuing against the orthodox scriptural and Brahmanical rituals, customs and culture and resulting in an alternative hybrid cultural identity by reflecting on their own indigenous oral literatures and folk culture which are very much humanitarian, liberal, progressive and rational in outlook.
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Laghari, Raheela Hameed, Muhammad Asif Khan, and Aamer Shaheen. "The Organization of Power in Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness: A Foucauldian Reading." Global Language Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(vi-ii).02.
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The present study aims to highlight the role of power in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness through the ideas given by Michel Foucault. Roy discusses various power centers present in contemporary Indian society, which institutionalize the suppression faced by various characters in the novel on the basis of their caste, religion, social class, or political affiliations. The study intends to expose the dissection of these power centers active in society as the non-linear trajectory of power. The characters of Anjum, Tilo, Musa, and Revathy face suppression to the point of marginalization. This leads them to subvert the power structures of the society by resisting against them, thus negating the linear hierarchy of power.
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Molina, Y., R. M. Harris, and S. O'Donnell. "Brain organization mirrors caste differences, colony founding and nest architecture in paper wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1671 (June 24, 2009): 3345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0817.
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Choudhury, Samira, Bhavani Shankar, Lukasz Aleksandrowicz, Mehroosh Tak, and Alan Dangour. "Caste-Based Inequality in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in India." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03795721211026807.
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Objective: Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is of central importance to many diet-related health outcomes. In India, caste is a major basis of socioeconomic inequality. Recent analysis shows that more disadvantaged “lower” castes consume less F&V than the rest. This article explores whether this consumption gap arises due to differential distribution of drivers of consumption such as income and education across castes, or whether behavioral differences or discrimination may be at play. Design: The Oaxaca-Blinder regression decomposition is applied to explain the gap in F&V consumption between “upper” castes and “lower” castes, using data from the 68th (2011-2012) round of the National Sample Survey Organization household survey. Results: Differences in the distribution of F&V drivers account for all of the 50 grams/person/day consumption gap between upper and lower castes. In particular, much of the gap is explained by income differential across castes. Conclusions: In the long run, India’s positive discrimination policies in education and employment that seek to equalize income across castes are also likely to help close the F&V consumption gap, leading to health benefits. In the medium run, interventions acting to boost lower caste income, such as cash transfers targeting lower castes, may be effective.
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Santra, Aparajita. "A tale of the city of Kolkata through the eyes of the “common women"." Enquiry The ARCC Journal for Architectural Research 20, no. 2 (November 10, 2023): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17831/enqarcc.v20i2.1162.
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This paper focuses on working-class women from the informal settlements of Kolkata, India and their precarious relationships with the city. Their existence at the margins of society (socially, spatially, historically, and sometimes even geographically) tends to make them invisible actors in the production of contemporary urban spaces of Kolkata. This paper examines the role of class, caste, and gender in informing the spatial practices of these minoritized women that occur in the city’s liminal landscapes. These practices are quite distinct from those of women from middle- and upper-classes in Kolkata. Terms like “public women” or “bad women” or chhotolok (a common Bengali term used for people from lower classes or castes) have been used to represent and mark these working-class, lower caste women as deviant bodies in terms of their class, caste, and even sexualities. These labels are important to understand how these women have been represented historically in the urban history of Kolkata. By analyzing secondary literature, archival texts, songs, films, poems, and photographs, the paper investigates the following interrelated questions. First, how has the spatial organization of urban Kolkata historically determined the ways in which these women have navigated, engaged with, and attempted to overcome a wide array of structural and systemic constraints? And second, how have these women produced and applied various forms of situated spatial knowledge in the city’s liminal landscapes? In terms of the paper’s structure, I start by analyzing the existing literature on gender and urban space in India. Thereafter, I lay a theoretical groundwork to elucidate the importance of adopting an intersectional lens to understand overlapping regimes of power that affect the life-worlds of minoritized bodies; in this case, the working-class lower caste women of Kolkata. Finally, I use a chronological approach to examine the changes in Kolkata’s urban fabric and its material culture that have significantly added to the precarities faced by these minoritized and marginalized women. In other words, I trace an alternate urban history of Kolkata through the eyes of these “common women.”
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Castillo, Paula, Nathan Le, and Qian Sun. "Comparative Antennal Morphometry and Sensilla Organization in the Reproductive and Non-Reproductive Castes of the Formosan Subterranean Termite." Insects 12, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070576.
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Antennae are the primary sensory organs in insects, where a variety of sensilla are distributed for the perception of the chemical environment. In eusocial insects, colony function is maintained by a division of labor between reproductive and non-reproductive castes, and chemosensation is essential for regulating their specialized social activities. Several social species in Hymenoptera display caste-specific characteristics in antennal morphology and diversity of sensilla, reflecting their differential tasks. In termites, however, little is known about how the division of labor is associated with chemosensory morphology among castes. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, we performed antennal morphometry and characterized the organization of sensilla in reproductive (female and male alates) and non-reproductive (worker and soldier) castes in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Here, we show that the antennal sensilla in alates are twice as abundant as in workers and soldiers, along with the greater number of antennal segments and antennal length in alates. However, all castes exhibit the same types of antennal sensilla, including basiconicum, campaniformium, capitulum, chaeticum I, chaeticum II, chaeticum III, marginal, trichodeum I, and trichodeum I. The quantitative composition of sensilla diverges between reproductive and non-reproductive castes, but not between female and male alates or between worker and soldier castes. The sensilla display spatial-specific distribution, with basiconicum exclusively and capitulum predominantly found on the ventral side of antennae. In addition, the abundance of chemosensilla increases toward the distal end of antennae in each caste. This research provides morphological signatures of chemosensation and their implications for the division of labor, and suggests future neurophysiological and molecular studies to address the mechanisms of chemical communication in termites.
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Johnson, Tekla Ali. "The enduring function of caste: colonial and modern Haiti, Jamaica, and Brazil The economy of race, the social organization of caste, and the formulation of racial societies." Comparative American Studies An International Journal 2, no. 1 (March 2004): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477570004041288.
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Muller-Boker, Ulrike. "Spatial Organization of a Caste Society: The Example of the Newar in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Mountain Research and Development 8, no. 1 (February 1988): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673403.
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Jeffrey, Robin, and Assa Doron. "Mobile-izing: Democracy, Organization and India's First “Mass Mobile Phone” Elections." Journal of Asian Studies 71, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911811003007.
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We argue that the 2007 state elections in Uttar Pradesh (UP), India's largest state, were the first “mass mobile phone” elections in India. The paper charts the spectacular growth of the cheap cell phone in India and in Uttar Pradesh, documents the organizational strengths of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), and explains how a party once based on Dalit (ex-Untouchable, or Scheduled Caste) support was able to cooperate with Brahmins. In these processes the mobile phone acted as a remarkable “force multiplier” to the existing BSP organization and helped party workers to circumvent the general hostility of mainstream media. The paper does not contend that the mobile phone won the 2007 elections; rather, it argues that the BSP was able to exploit a potent new tool, ideally suited to poor people who often were limited in their ability to travel. The paper points to similarities with the Obama campaigns of 2008 and notes that though other political groups in India attempt to imitate the methods, they may lack the essential organization and dedicated workers.
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H. Alanzi, Hussein. "Ancient India Varna and Jati "Advantages and Faults." Journal of Education College Wasit University 2, no. 47 (July 7, 2022): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol2.iss47.3034.
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The Hindu social organization is remarkable for its Varnasrama Dharm or duty based on other and stages of life. This broad division was originally associated with the color conscious Aryans to distinguish them from the non-Aryans. The Purusha-sukta hymn( ), refers to the emergence of the four —fold social order from the four limbs, of the creator. The hymn is in the last book of the Rig-Veda, suggesting its late origin "This tradition of creation is accepted and even propounded by Manu( ), who refers to the assignment of different duties and occupation to different social groups".
A caste is ‘a collection of families or groups of families, bearing a common name which usually denotes or is associated with a mythical ancestor, human or divine; professing to follow the same calling; and regarded by those who are competent to give an opinion as forming a single homogeneous community”. According to Dr.V.A. Smith, a caste may be defined as “a group of families internally united by peculiar rules for the observance of ceremonial purity, especially in the mater of diet and marriage”.
Manu mentions the term "Jati" meaning caste. Originally these two terms had no doubt different connotations, but in later times they were considered as synonymous. The term varna meaning color was used to distinguish the Aryans from the non-Aryans. Later on, it stood for all the four groups. Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras, representing the four fold division of Hindu society. The other term jati connotes, according to the legal texts, not only the four castes or groups but also numerous new castes, created to accommodate the off-springs of inter-caste marriages. These castes became more or less water-tight compartments, with qualities, work and rights and obligations peculiar to each. For various castes, separate set of rules of conduct were framed. In course of time the various groups of people were accommodated in different stages of material and spiritual development into a composite pluralistic society. The (Jatis) or castes enjoyed considerable freedom in formulating the details such as marriage, food, communion etc. of their social life.
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Pokharel, Ram Raj. "Social Inclusion of Jyapus in Newar Community." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35219.
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Jpapus, one of the caste groups of Newar caste hierarchy, has been living with nears in the lalitpur city. The major population of Jyapus is found in the selected roles of city i. e. Chhayabahal, Lukhusi, Tanani and Nakabahil. This study focused on the social inclusion ofJyapus from socio-cultural and economic dimensions. To collect primary data on social inclusion of Jyapus researcher has had selected 231 households and applied data collection tolls such as Interview schedule, non-participant observation and Key- informants ‘interview. By using such data collection toll's researchers had found that major population of the Jyapus prefers to live in nuclear family. This study reveals that, among 231respondents 45 respondents were unmarried so that they are excluded from the total universe. So our universe is limited in 186 respondents. Thus, in the survey, 116 of the Jyapu respondents did love marriage. In regard with the educational status of the Jyapus majority, 150 Jyapus of the sample population were educated. In the study area, most of the Jyapus left their traditional work as agriculture and most of the Jyapus are nowadays doing services in different offices like other high caste Newars. One hundred thirty households in the study area used both Nepali and Newari language. Most of the 99 Jyapus are the followers of Buddhist religion. They also follow life cycle ceremonies as par with the other Newara in the study area. 187 Janus were not facing untouchability practiced in the study area by the other Newars. Similarly, majority, 185, Jyapus were participating in a different organization, so they are not excluded in the study area. While celebrating machinendranath jatra they also celebrate together abd there is no any other ways and places for the celebration. This indicates that they are included. In addition, during the feast they also eattogether with other Newars.
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Garcia-Vedrenne, Ana E., Anastasia C. E. Quintana, Andrea M. DeRogatis, Kayla Martyn, Armand M. Kuris, and Ryan F. Hechinger. "Social Organization in Parasitic Flatworms—Four Additional Echinostomoid Trematodes Have a Soldier Caste and One Does Not." Journal of Parasitology 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/15-853.
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Hirslund, Dan V. "Militant collectivity." Focaal 2015, no. 72 (June 1, 2015): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2015.720104.
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A stubborn, anticapitalist movement, Maoism has persisted in the global periphery for the many past decades despite its tainted image as a progressive alterpolitical platform. This article seeks to ponder why this is the case by looking at a recent and popular example of leftist radical politics in the MLM tradition. I argue that contemporary Nepali Maoism is offering a militant, collectivist, antiliberal model for confronting capitalist and state hegemony in an effort to forge new class solidarities. Responding to a changed political environment for continuing its program of socialist revolution, I trace how the Maoist party's efforts at building a mass movement become centered on the question of organization, and in particular the requirements of what I term an ethical organization. Through an analysis of how caste and gender equalities are institutionalized within the movement, and the various ways in which collectivity becomes linked to concrete practices, the article offers an ethnographic analysis of contested egalitarian agency within a movement undergoing rapid change.
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Baimuratova, Rose K., Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva, Nina D. Golubeva, Nadezhda N. Dremova, and Andrey V. Ivanov. "Coordination polymers based on trans, trans-muconic acid: synthesis, structure, adsorption and thermal properties." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-1108.
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AbstractMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising sacrificial templates for synthesis of carbon functional materials with a relatively high concentration of stabilized metallic species. In this work coordination polymers based on trans,trans-muconic acid and transition metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co) were prepared and selected as the precursors for supramolecular organization of nanocomposites. The coordination polymers and metal-containing thermolysis products obtained were characterized using a number of analytical techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and volumetric nitrogen adsorption/desorption. This study extends the application of coordination polymers as precursors for designing of carbon materials incorporating metal nanoparticles. It is shown that appropriate choice of metal-organic precursors in solid-phase thermolysis allowed to get materials with determined morphologies.
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Alexander, Rani T. "Community Organization in the Parroquia de Yaxcaba, Yucatan, Mexico, 1750–1847." Ancient Mesoamerica 9, no. 1 (1998): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100001838.
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AbstractThe following paper examines archaeological variability in community organization of sites in the parroquia de Yaxcaba. Yucatan, Mexico, from a.d. 1750 to 1847. Using historical and archaeological evidence, the course of political-economic change in Yucatan is followed from the recovery of the Indian population in 1750, through the Bourbon reforms and Independence from Spain, to the Caste War of Yucatan in 1847 in order to assess its implications for continuity or discontinuity of Maya adaptive patterns. Three settlements—a pueblo, a hacienda, and an independent rancho—were intensively mapped to reveal patterns of house lots, streets, features, plazas, and public architecture. Differences in spatial organization among the settlements can be specifically linked to variation in population growth, tax structure, and land stress coincident with changes in the colonial regime. Variation in household production strategies and the choice of tactics that minimize subsistence risk were largely dependent on the community's degree of integration with the colonial system. The evidence from Yaxcaba suggests that two key processes are particularly important in determining articulations between rural and urban areas: disenfranchisement from the means of production and the extension of credit. These two processes affect variation in the relations of production that partly explain how communities either become entangled in or remain apart from political-economic change.
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Namalefe, Susan Allen. "The Impact of Education in South Asia." Journal of International Students 10, no. 3 (August 15, 2020): 787–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v11i2.2532.
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Education is produced within power relationships; therefore, power and social dynamics are central to any analysis of the impact of education. The acquisition and benefits of education are similarly intertwined by class, family, gender and social tensions, relentlessly mutating into different varieties, environments and appearances, and endlessly involving control. This is the essence of The Impact of Education in South Asia. Drawing from case studies, ethnographic research, and interviews from different parts of India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, the authors attempt to provide perspective to the relationship between education and society. Formal education challenges society by changing gender roles, household organization, family, and the caste system. Individuals negotiate and transform culture and the educational system.
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Shailendra, Soumya Rachel. "Feeling Brown, Thinking Black: Translating the Black Panther from Lowndes to Bombay." Verge: Studies in Global Asias 10, no. 1 (March 2024): 160–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vrg.2024.a922362.
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Abstract: The archive of exchanges between Dalit and Black intellectuals exhibits the significance of imagining and translating minoritarian relations in the late twentieth century. The formation of the Dalit Panthers—an anticaste organization that declared its affiliation to the Black Panther Party in 1973—presents one such translational moment, revealing the affective power of brown/ness in consolidating minoritarian worlds that are concomitantly conceived in their opposition to coloniality, caste, and white supremacy. I trace the evolution of the Panthers' relationship through the journey of its iconography, from its initial sketching in Lowndes to its circulation in Marathi little magazines in the 1970s and its reappearance in Rahee Punyashloka's print series The Panthers Is an Elusive Beast (2021).
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Rana, Gayatri, and Rajan Shrestha. "Awareness Regarding Domestic Violence among Reproductive Age Women." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v2i2.25170.
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Background: Violence is a significant public health, human rights and human development problem. The objective of the study was to find out awareness regarding awareness domestic violence among reproductive age women.
Methods: Descriptive, cross sectional research design was adopted and a total 100 reproductive age women were selected by purposive sampling technique in Devchuli municipality -1, Nawalparasi from 27 July to 31 July, 2015. Semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive (Frequency, percentage, median & quartile) and inferential statistics (Chi-square) was used to analyze data by using SPSS.
Results: There was significant association between level of awareness regarding domestic violence and caste: Dalit (p=0.002) and religion (p=0.019). Hinduism were 3.165 (OR) & 4.210 (AOR) times more likely to have awareness regarding domestic violence than Non Hinduism, at {OR (p=0.023) & AOR (p=0.136) respectively}. Significant with level of education (p=0.005), reproductive age women who had basic level education were 1.111 (OR) & 1.319 (AOR) times more likely and who had secondary level were 0.867 & 0.921 times less likely to have awareness regarding domestic violence than women with non formal education, which was statistically not significant {OR (p=0.869) & AOR (p=0.750) and significant at OR (p=0.014) & AOR (p=0.021) respectively}; significant with family income (p=0.023), reproductive age women who had family income sufficient to eat for >1 year and surplus were 2.627 (OR) & 2.494 (AOR) times more likely to have awareness regarding domestic violence than sufficient to eat up to 1 year, at {OR (p=0.024) & AOR (p=0.218) respectively}; and significant with not involved in woman group/organization/political party (p=<0.001), reproductive age women who had not involved in woman group/organization/political party were 7.667 (OR) & 6.958 (AOR) times more likely to have awareness regarding domestic violence than who involved, which was statistically significant {OR (p=<0.001) & AOR (p=0.021) respectively}.
Conclusion: Half of reproductive age women have good awareness regarding violence. There is significant association between level of awareness and caste, religion, level of education, family income and not involved in woman group/organization/political party.
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Gille, Véronique. "Education Spillovers in Farm Productivity: Revisiting the Evidence." World Bank Economic Review 34, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 312–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy028.
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Abstract This paper exploits the social organization of India to revisit the question of education spillovers in farm productivity. The fact that social interactions mainly occur within castes in rural India provides tools to show that the observed correlation between farm productivity and neighbors’ education is likely to be a spillover effect. In particular, there are no cross-caste and no cross-occupation effects, which underlines that, under specific assumptions, which are stated and explored in the paper, the education of neighbors does not capture the effect of group unobservables. This evidence is complemented by separate estimations by crops, which show results that are consistent with education spillovers. The strategy used in this paper helps understand and interpret previous findings from the literature.
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Bisen, Omeshwari Yadorao, Ravi Nandan, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Bellare Pavithra, and Karuna Kar Nanda. "In situ self-organization of uniformly dispersed Co–N–C centers at moderate temperature without a sacrificial subsidiary metal." Green Chemistry 23, no. 8 (2021): 3115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc04050a.
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A one-pot, single step, eco-friendly methodology to promote uniform distribution of Co–Nx–C active centers with suppressed futile nanoparticle formation for electrochemical oxygen reduction.
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Danilova, Nataliia Ksenofontovna. "“Material works” in sacred space: ritual attributes in the context of symbolic information (archetypes, images and symbols)." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2020.5.33707.
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The object of this research is ritual attributes applied in different ceremonies, associated with the spirits Ichchi and celestial deities of Aya, which possess a superior modeling and communicative function. The article describes the ritual sacred items that were not used in everyday life, such as the sacrificial spoon of the Aya-shaman, kumis ladle, fortunetelling spoon, and spatula of the potter. Interdisciplinary approach allowed applying a historical-cognitive method of research, which views an item as a narrative text and a creative tool for transforming the sacred space. The novelty consists in the fact that despite the sufficient examination of correlation between a myth and a ritual, semiotic aspects of functionality of one or another item, organization of the sacred space, etc. of the Sakha people, these ritual attributes did not become a subject of semiotic study and determination of their structural-functional role within the mythical-ritual space of the Sakha people. The conclusions is made that these ritual attributes have a mediating function that establishes a communicative link between the Aya-shaman and transcendental space; in all ritual acts they are involved in modeling a stable life environment. It is revealed that mixing of raw materials (kumis, clay) was similar to the act of creation of Man and Nature, and the Aya-shaman performed the function of a demiurge. The author believes that all these functions could underlie a single ritual attribute – the sacrificial spoon, which later became a prototype of the shamanic drum mallet.
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Lamichhane, Basu Dev. "Managing Work force Diversity: Key Successful factors." Nepalese Journal of Management Research 1 (January 31, 2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmgtres.v1i0.37326.
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Human capital is an important asset for any organization. Physical and capital resource can be mobilized properly through human resources. Physical and capital resources by themselves cannot improve efficiency or contribute to increased rate of return on investment. The efficiency of capital and physical resource can be achieved through combined efforts of human resources. This paper is descriptive design. The study tackled areas of workforce diversity effects on diversity of performance of employees and how workforce diversity can be managed to the positive outcomes of an organization. Workforce diversity is combination of different caste, gender, age, attitude, religion, ability, skills, region, perception, race, sex, experience and cultural differences. It is the differences and similarities between the employees of any organization. It is the process of bringing verity of people in the same workplace. Effective management of diversity recognizes that people from different backgrounds, culture and experience can bring new ideas to the workplace. Workforce diversity leads an organization in to creativity, innovation, able to retain talent workforce, energize people and boosts them and reduced grievances. Workforce diversity promotes creativity, innovative problem solving, productivity and increase cultural diversity, increase in enterepreneural behavior and values within employees. Diversity management emphasizes on building specific skills, creating policies and drafting practices that get the best from every workers. So, diversified workforce provides various advantages to organization (i.e. creativity, change adoption, problem solving, new thinking and thought, flexible adoption to organizational change and beliefs). The study reveals that there is a positive correlation between good workforce diversity and organizational change.
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HINCHY, JESSICA. "Gender, Family, and the Policing of the ‘Criminal Tribes’ in Nineteenth-Century North India." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 5 (February 3, 2020): 1669–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x19000295.
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AbstractIn the South Asian setting, the fields of gender history and family history are still predominantly concerned with relatively elite social groups. Few studies have examined issues of gender and the family in the history of Dalit, low-caste, and socially marginalized communities, especially those that were labelled ‘criminal tribes’ from the mid-nineteenth century on. This article explores the ways in which gender patterned criminalized communities’ experiences of everyday colonial governance under Part I of the 1871 Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) in the first two decades that it was enforced in northern India. In this early period, the colonial government did not closely regulate marriage practices, domestic arrangements, or the gendered organization of labour within communities categorized as ‘criminal tribes’. Nevertheless, notions of sexuality and gender underlay colonial knowledge of the ‘criminal tribes’, which emerged in dialogue with middle-class Indian gender and caste politics. Moreover, the family unit was the central target of the CTA surveillance and policing regime, which aimed to produce ‘industrious’ families. Officially endorsed forms of labour had complex implications for criminalized communities in the context of North Indian gender norms and strategies of social mobility. Gender power dynamics also shaped criminalized peoples’ interpersonal, embodied interactions with British and Indian colonial officials on an everyday basis. Meanwhile, different forms of leverage and evasion were open to men and women to cope with their criminalization and so the colonial state was experienced in highly gendered ways.