Academic literature on the topic 'Caste and sacrificial organization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Caste and sacrificial organization"
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Zagorodnyuk, N. I. "Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-12-327-343.
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The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.
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Yang, Jong Ho, Dongjin Oh, and Seung Yeon Son. "Self-sacrificial Leadership and Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Effect of Role Model Influence and the Moderating Effect of Overall Justice." Korean Academy of Organization and Management 47, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36459/jom.2023.47.1.59.
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The organization has been striving to secure the capabilities of members with discriminatory and competitive advantages to survive fierce competition while adapting to the rapidly changing environment. Among these factors of competitive advantage, knowledge is considered a strategic resource for the survival of the organization. As the creation of new knowledge by organizational members and efficient management have emerged as the top priority for the prosperity and sustainability of the organization, studies have been conducted on knowledge sharing and information related to task performance among members. Through previous studies, it was found that the role of the leader in knowledge sharing of members had a considerable influence, but it had several limitations, so it was intended to supplement this through this study. First, it was confirmed that Self-sacrificial leadership presented as one of the leadership that positively affects members' attitudes or behaviors from the perspective of discretionary and self-sacrificial behavior without formal compensation or recognition, even though members' knowledge sharing is positive behavior for peers and organizations. Second, members examined the mediating effect between self-sacrificial leadership and knowledge sharing of role model influences on the premise that knowledge sharing behavior will increase through the process of imitating their desirable role model, leader's self-sacrificial attitude and behavior. Third, members who face environmental uncertainties in the organization pay more attention to the leader's behavior and respond more clearly to the leader's behavior, confirming the moderating effect of overall justice on the influence of the leader's self-sacrificial leadership. For an empirical study, data collected from 187 samples of supervisors-subordinates dyads among Navy officers and enlisted were used. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis and SPSS Macro, it was found that self-sacrificial leadership had a positive(+) relationship with knowledge sharing, and role model influence mediated the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and knowledge sharing. In addition, the lower the overall fairness, the stronger the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and role model influence, and the lower the overall fairness, the stronger the indirect effect between self-sacrificial leadership and role model influence. This study contributed to expanding the academic knowledge of the relationship between variables by identifying how self-sacrificial leadership affects the knowledge sharing and revealing the influence process of the role model and the moderating effect of overall justice. In addition, practical implications were provided to the organization by confirming the positive impact of self-sacrificial leadership that can promote knowledge sharing for the organization's prosperity and sustainability, and finally, the limitations of research and future research directions were discussed.
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Butt, Waqas H. "Beyond the Abject: Caste and the Organization of Work in Pakistan's Waste Economy." International Labor and Working-Class History 95 (2019): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000061.
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AbstractThis article examines the historical processes by which low or non-caste groups have situated themselves in Pakistan's waste economy. Adopting caste as a category of governance, the colonial regime implemented policies and interventions that not only impacted these groups in the Punjab, but also cemented enduring connections between caste, waste work, and governance, which have subsequently shaped the trajectories of waste work in cities like Lahore. Moving beyond the framework of the “abject,” this article emphasizes caste as a historical category through which social stratification and exclusions have materialized across South Asia, and examines how low or non-caste groups have organized themselves in Pakistan's waste economy, which has resulted from rapid urbanization, bureaucratization and informalization, regional labor migration, consumptive economies, urban development, and sociopolitical relations. Rather than inhabiting the abjectness of capitalism, modernity, or caste hierarchy, this article argues that these groups have carved out a space for themselves and their wider social relations in cities like Lahore in Pakistan, where social inequalities and stratification are undeniable facets of urban life.
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Mehta, Purvi. "Diaspora as Spokesperson and Watchdog: Laxmi Berwa, VISION, and Anti-Caste Activism by Dalits in the United States." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.1.2020-11-06.
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In 1978, Dalit immigrants in New York and New Jersey came together to form the first anti-caste organization in the United States: Volunteers in the Service of India’s Oppressed and Neglected (VISION). A transnational activist organization with a specifically diasporic focus, VISION was created to advocate for India’s Dalits. This article analyzes the activism—protest, advocacy, and consciousness-raising—of VISION and one of its chief architects, Dr. Laxmi Berwa. Throughout the 1980s and afterwards, Berwa and members of VISION staged protests at venues large and small, appealed to international human rights organizations, and built cross-racial and ethnic alliances with other minoritized groups, especially African Americans. Their activism was instrumental in increasing the global visibility and awareness of the problem of caste and to building a transnational network of support for India’s Dalits. Anti-caste activism also shaped the formation of identity and community abroad; it exposed significant caste-based fissures in the Indian diaspora and revealed alternative ways of being, imagining, and utilizing a diasporic identity from what is often assumed in studies of Indian Americans. This article argues that transnational activism by Berwa and VISION helped constitute a new community in the United States, a community of overseas anti-caste activists, in short, a Dalit diaspora.
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Yang, Jianchun, Lu Lu, Nan Yao, and Chaochao Liang. "Self-sacrificial leadership and employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior: Roles of identification with leaders and collectivism." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8285.
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Employee behavior that is unethical but that may potentially benefit the organization is termed unethical pro-organizational behavior. Based on social identity theory, we examined the influence of a self-sacrificial leadership style on employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior, as well as the mediating effect of identification with leader and the moderating role of collectivism. Participants were 336 Chinese employees in different industries including telecommunications, manufacturing, and catering. Results show that self-sacrificial leadership was positively related to the employees' unethical proorganizational behavior, and the positive influence was mediated by identification with leader. Additionally, collectivism moderated the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and the employees' unethical pro-organizational behavior, such that the positive relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and unethical proorganizational behavior was stronger when collectivism was higher. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Hogan, Patrick Colm. "Narrative Universals, Nationalism, and Sacrificial Terror: From Nosferatu to Nazism." Film Studies 8, no. 1 (2006): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.8.10.
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It has been widely asserted that nationhood is inseparable from narration. This vague claim may be clarified by understanding that nationalism is bound up with the universal prototypical narrative structures of heroic, romantic, and sacrificial tragi-comedy. This essay considers an historically important case of the emplotment of nationalism - the sacrificial organization of German nationalism between the two world wars. It examines one exemplary instance of this emplotment, F. W. Murnau‘s Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (1922). However unintentionally, Nosferatu represents the vampire in a way that is cognitively continuous with Nazi representations of Jews. The films sacrificial emplotment of vampirism is, in turn, continuous with Nazi policies. That continuity places the film in a larger discourse that helped to make Nazi policies possible.
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Plante, Rebecca F., and James Aho. "The Orifice as Sacrificial Site: Culture, Organization, and the Body." Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 5 (September 2003): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556488.
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Simpson, John H., and James Aho. "The Orifice as Sacrificial Site: Culture, Organization, and the Body." Sociology of Religion 65, no. 1 (2004): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712509.
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Krishna, Anirudh. "What Is Happening to Caste? A View from Some North Indian Villages." Journal of Asian Studies 62, no. 4 (November 2003): 1171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3591763.
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The role of caste in indian politics is undergoing considerable change. Caste and patron-client links have been regarded traditionally as the building blocks of political organization in India (Brass 1994; Manor 1997; Migdal 1988; Kothari 1988; Weiner 1967), and vertical and horizontal mobilizations by patrons and caste leaders, respectively, have been important influences on political outcomes (Rudolph and Rudolph 1967). There are indications, however, that the influence of patronage and caste might have declined considerably in recent years:[National-level] survey data reveal some important facts that run counter to the conventional wisdom on voter behavior. … In 1996, 75 percent of the sample said they were not guided by anyone in their voting decision. … Of the 25 percent who sought advice, only 7 percent sought it from caste and community leaders … that is, less than 2 percent of the electorate got direct advice on how to vote from caste and community leaders. … The most important survey data show the change over time. In 1971, 51 percent of the respondents agreed that it was “important to vote the way your caste/community does” (30 percent disagreed), but in 1996 the percentages were reversed: 51 percent disagreed with that statement (29 percent agreed). … In 1998, “caste and community” was seen as an issue by only 5.5 percent of the respondents in one poll … and [it] ranked last of nine issues in another. All the evidence points to the fact that these respondents are correct: members of particular castes … can be found voting for every party. … It is less and less true that knowing the caste of a voter lets you reliably predict the party he or she will vote for.(Oldenburg 1999, 13–15, emphasis in original)
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Banks, Marcus J. "Defining Division: An Historical Overview of Jain Social Organization." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 3 (July 1986): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00007812.
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This paper briefly charts the progress and findings of European scholars approaching the issues of caste and sect in the Jain community over the last two centuries. Other authors have already discussed the European interest in Jain textual and philosophical issues, and while I touch on these briefly, my main concern is to outline Jain social organization, with particular reference to Swetambar communities in the north.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caste and sacrificial organization"
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Togawa, Masahiko. "A Sakta- pitha in Bengal: Kingship, caste and sacrificial organization in a village society." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/119.
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Vaughn, Jonathan Scott. "The Firefighter, The Babysitter, and The Sacrificial Lamb: Identity and Consent Among Customer Service Supervisors." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243962382.
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Edrosa, Martine. "L’inhumanité de l’humain : psychogenèse de la violence du tueur en série." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20084.
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Comment comprendre qu’un bébé naissant doté de vitalité et de potentialités à l’humanité, devienne un jour tueur en série ? Cette thèse propose une étude de la psychogenèse de la violence du tueur en série, à travers les cinq périodes qui structurent le développement humain : archaïque, infantile, latence, adolescence, adulte. Elle s’appuie sur un cas clinique et sur du matériel expertal. Ma réflexion s’ouvre par un parallèle avec la clinique du génocide, qui conduit à définir la criminalité des tueurs en série comme un crime contre l’Humain, invitant dès lors à reconstruire les différentes étapes de la déstructuration de leur processus d’humanisation. Le contexte d’émergence de cette criminalité est situé dans la rencontre avec un environnement parental impitoyable qui a désorganisé doublement, chez le bébé, l’appropriation de l’identité humaine héritée génétiquement mais aussi la construction de l’identité subjective construite au fil de l’enfance. La criminalité du tueur en série est envisagée comme une « organisation défensive » dirigée contre une « agonie primitive » spécifique (ou « angoisse impensable ») qui a « offensé » le potentiel à l’humanité du bébé, dans la lignée des théories de D. W. Winnicott. La violence du tueur en série est étudiée grâce à une construction théorico-clinique créée sur mesure, mais elle est aussi resituée dans le cadre plus large de l’inhumanité de l’humain. Surtout, cette thèse a le souci constant de proposer une réflexion accessible au lecteur néophyte en quête de réponses (victimes, familles de victimes, professionnels de terrain peu habitués à la terminologie psychanalytique)How shall we understand that a new born baby full of life and ready to embrace humanity might become one day a serial killer ? The purpose of this thesis is to study the psychogenesis of the serial killer violence through the analysis of the five key stages which are structuring human devel-opment : archaic stage, childish stage, latency stage, teenage & adult stages. This work is based on a clinical case and experts’ documents.My work is starting with a comparison with the clinical analysis of a genocide, which is de-fining serial killers’ criminality as a crime against humankind, and therefore leading us to rebuilding the different steps of their humanity breakdown process. The context, in which this criminality is emerging, lays in the confluence with a ruthless parental environment which has disorganized both the baby’s ownership of the genetically inherited human identity and the construction of a subjective identity. The serial killer criminality is considered as a “defense organization” aimed at protecting against a specific “primitive agony” (or “unthinkable anxiety”) which has “offended” the baby’s potential to humanity – in line with D.W. Winnicott’s theories.The serial killer’s violence is studied using a custom made theoretical and clinical construction, but it is also considered in the wider scope of human inhumanity. More importantly, this thesis aims at providing analysis and understanding which are accessible to neophyte readers looking for answers (victims and their families, field experts not used to psychoanalytic terminology)
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Alekajbaf, Nicolette Lea. "The price of admission: football players' sacrificial conceptions of career and health through metaphors of war, religion, and family." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25907.
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With the recent discovery of traumatic brain injuries developing in retired professional football players, this study seeks to explore players’ perceptions of their careers in the sport, and how this may reflect notions of personal health over the long-term. Current and former football players, athletic staff, and other members of the football community were interviewed with the goal of learning about the full trajectory of a football career. Using grounded metaphorical analysis to examine the interview data, our study found the use of metaphor by participants to be integral in players’ descriptions of their careers. Participants likened aspects of their careers to enduring a war, having a religious experience, and being part of a family unit. Long-term, post-career health implications are discussed in relation to players’ conceiving of their experiences through these metaphors, along with limitations of the study and directions for future research.text
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Simard, Charles-Olivier. "Un cadre conceptuel pour l'étude des castes en Inde : l'ethnographie Caste and kinship in Kangra réinterprétée dans une optique opérationnelle." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11631.
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Inspiré par la réflexion épistémologique de l'anthropologue Michel Verdon, ce mémoire propose un cadre conceptuel pour l'étude de l'organisation sociale des castes en Inde. L'ethnographie de Jonathan Parry, Caste and Kinship in Kangra, est analysée et réinterprétée dans un langage dit « opérationnel ».
Les différentes approches des castes oscillent entre deux pôles théoriques opposés : l'idéalisme, représenté notamment par la démarche structuraliste de Louis Dumont, et le substantialisme, jadis adopté par les dirigeants coloniaux et incarné plus récemment dans les travaux de Dipankar Gupta. Toutes deux holistes, ces options conduisent pourtant à une impasse dans l'étude comparative de l'organisation sociale, car elles rendent les groupes « ontologiquement variables » et, par conséquent, incomparables.
En repensant les prémisses sur lesquelles repose la conception générale de l'organisation sociale, un cadre opérationnel confère à la notion de groupe une réalité binaire, discontinue, évitant ainsi la variabilité ontologique des groupes et favorisant le comparatisme. Il rend également possible l'étude des rapports entre groupes et réseaux. La relecture de l'ethnographie Caste and Kinship in Kangra montre la pertinence d'une telle approche dans l'étude des castes. Le caractère segmentaire de ces dernières est remis en cause et l'autonomie des foyers, qui forment des réseaux d'alliances en matière d'activités rituelles, est mise de l'avant. Cette nouvelle description incite enfin à de nouvelles comparaisons.Inspired by Michel Verdon’s epistemological and anthropological work, this thesis presents a new conceptual grid to study the caste social organization in India. Jonathan Parry’s ethnography, Caste and Kinship in Kangra, is re-analyzed and re-interpreted with the “operational language”. The different approaches to caste's analysis oscillate between two theoretical poles: idealism on one side, notably represented by Louis Dumont’s structuralism, and substantialism on the other, formerly adopted by the colonial administrators and developed more recently in Dipankar Gupta’s work. Unfortunately, these two holistic options mislead the social organization comparative study, because they ultimately render group “ontologically variable” and, thus, not comparable. Rethinking the premises on which rely the mainstream of the theories on social organization, this conceptual grid confers a binary, dis-continued meaning to the group notion, therefore avoiding ontological variability and allowing comparisons. It also favors the study of the relationships between groups and social networks. The re-reading of Caste and Kinship in Kangra ethnography shows its relevance in the study of the caste organization. Instead, in this thesis, the autonomy of households, with their ritual activities alliance networks, is opposed to the segmented caste view. This new description finally calls for new comparisons.
Books on the topic "Caste and sacrificial organization"
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Dumont, Louis. A South Indian subcaste: Social organization and religion of the Pramalai Kallar. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986.
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R, Beals Alan, and Marriott McKim, eds. Village India: Studies in the little community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
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Temple entry politics in colonial Tamil Nadu. Chennai: Pavai Publications, 2006.
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An Abode of the Goddess: Kingship, Caste and Sacrificial Organization in a Bengal Village. Manohar, 2006.
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Status Influences in Third World Labor Markets: Caste, Gender, and Custom (De Gruyter Studies in Organization). Walter de Gruyter, 1991.
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Dumont, Louis. A South Indian Sub-caste: Social Organization and Religion of the Pramalai Kallar (Oxford India Paperbacks). Oxford University Press, USA, 2001.
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Waghmore, Suryakant. Civility Against Caste: Dalit Politics and Citizenship in Western India. SAGE Publications India Pvt, Ltd., 2021.
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Civility Against Caste: Dalit Politics and Citizenship in Western India. SAGE Publications India Pvt, Ltd., 2013.
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Waghmore, Suryakant. Civility Against Caste: Dalit Politics and Citizenship in Western India. SAGE Publications India Pvt, Ltd., 2014.
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Village India: Studies in the little community (Midway reprint). University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Caste and sacrificial organization"
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Xiaojun, Hu. "Rediscovering Ancient China’s Sword-Making Techniques: Insights from Reconstructing a Han-Dynasty Ring-Pommel Dao." In Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia, 201–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2037-0_7.
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AbstractSunzi said, “Warfare is pivotal to the state. [It is] a milieu where life and death are decided, [it holds] the path to survival or extermination and cannot be neglected.” In like manner, the Commentary of Zuo (Zuozhuan) states, “Rituals and warfare are of vital importance to the state.” From this we see that besides ritual matters, such as ancestor worship and maintaining the temples, rulers in ancient China considered warfare and military training to be of utmost importance. Consequently, much attention was paid to sacrificial implements and weapons of war. The production and maintenance of arms was an integral part of this effort as it impacted state security as a whole. The study of ancient arms therefore not only teaches us about ancient weaponry and methods of combat but also yields unique insights into the technology and organization of war. The principal short-range weapons during the Han dynasty were jian (double-edged sword)and dao (single-edged sword), while the latter gradually replaced the jian in military use as the dynasty wore on, partly as a result of the rise of cavalry. This paper contains three parts: iron smelting and weapon production in the Han dynasty; the ancient techniques of iron smelting in shaft furnace; and reconstructing the Han ring-pommel dao with ancient methods.
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"The Outlook Regarding Caste." In Social Organization, 229–38. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315129655-20.
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"The Hereditary or Caste Principle." In Social Organization, 209–16. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315129655-18.
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"A Locus of Sociopolitical Organization: The Household." In Beyond Caste, 117–41. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004254855_006.
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BERREMAN, GERALD D. "Concomitants of Caste Organization." In Japan's Invisible Race, 308–24. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.2430643.25.
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"Territorial Power: The Spatial Dimension of Social Organization." In Beyond Caste, 45–82. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004254855_004.
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BRENT, COLIN S. "Control of Termite Caste Differentiation." In Organization of Insect Societies, 105–27. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv228vr0t.9.
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"Conditions Favoring or Opposing the Growth of Caste." In Social Organization, 217–28. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315129655-19.
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Jaaware, Aniket. "Touch in Its Social and Historical Aspects II." In Practicing Caste, 93–118. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823282265.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the social organization of touch. When one talks about the social organization of touch, they are talking about the organization of the meanings of the kinds of touch: That is what is being regulated and organized. In urban centers, the substance on which the regulations operate is undergoing a shift. Inasmuch as there is the situation of people of different castes forcibly mixing together under the rubric of acquisition, the body begins to stray out of the orbit of regulations. Indeed, in the ostensibly public places, the bodies themselves are more or less without regulations of the traditional kind. Thus, the most prominent occasion of involuntary touch is to be found in these public places. The more communal kind of touch is still obtained on festive and ritual occasions, where the inherited meanings of touch still operate across generations.
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Brent, Colin S. "CHAPTER FIVE Control of Termite Caste Differentiation." In Organization of Insect Societies, 105–27. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674272842-007.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Caste and sacrificial organization"
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Isaakidou, Valasia, and Paul Halstead. "Bones and the body politic? A diachronic analysis of structured deposition in the Neolithic–Early Iron Age Aegean." In Bones, behaviour and belief. The osteological evidence as a source for Greek ritual practice. Swedish Institute at Athens, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-08.
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The meanings of the terms “ritual” and “sacrifice” are discussed as a basis for considering whether and how animal bones might be recognized as remnants of ritual behaviour or sacrifice. These methodological issues are explored “in practice”, taking structured deposits of burnt bones from the Mycenaean “Palace of Nestor” at Pylos as a case study. The paper then places this and other apparent examples of Mycenaean animal sacrifice in a wider context, by examining zooarchaeological evidence for anatomically selective manipulation and for deliberate or “structured” deposition of animal bones from the Neolithic to Early Iron Age in the Aegean. It is argued that anatomically selective treatment and structured deposition of bones increase through time and that these tendencies are matched by changes in the treatment of human remains, in the form and deposition of ceramics associated with commensality, and in architectural organization of space. These trends reflect not only increasing elaboration of material culture but also increasing qualitative, spatial and temporal differentiation of social life. Although the precise form and meaning of Mycenaean sacrificial ritual may be difficult to discern, its material traces mirror and probably helped to promote radical social change during the Aegean Bronze Age.
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TRAN, JENNIFER CHAU. "The Versailles Landscape Planning Organization: Landscape Planning as Advocacy." In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.18.
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The systemic nature of environmental racism has historically led to the exclusion of racial minorities from environmental decision-making. This design research project explores New Orleans East’s history as a sacrificial landscape and proposes the creation of a more equitable community through landscape planning that incorporates environmental data and community self-determination. This proposal aims to create economic and ecological benefits through landscape planning strategies. The site of focus is the neighbourhood Versailles, which is home to the densest Vietnamese diaspora population in America. The design proposal outlines an operational framework for a community-based organization, The Versailles Landscape Planning Organization (VLPO), that allows the residents of Versailles to determine the environmental uses of community land, to monitor the health of these lands, and to bring this data to that table with regional authorities so that their voices can be directly heard in environmental decision making in the future.
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Baker, Brendon M., Amy M. Silverstein, and Robert L. Mauck. "Engineering Dense Connective Tissues via Anisotropic Nanofibrous Scaffolds With High Sacrificial Fiber Content." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13371.
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Given their ability to dictate initial cell alignment and subsequent matrix organization, aligned electrospun scaffolds are a fitting means for engineering fiber-reinforced, anisotropic tissues such as tendon, ligament, the knee meniscus, and the annulus fibrosus [1–4]. However, one commonly observed limitation of such scaffolds is the relatively slow infiltration rates of surface-seeded cells, where the central thicknesses of constructs cultured for 10 weeks remain devoid of cells [3]. This limitation arises from the tight packing of fibers which yields small pore sizes, thereby hampering cell migration. Towards accelerating cell ingress, we have recently reported on two-polymer composite scaffolds containing both slow eroding poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers as well as water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fibers that serve as space holders during scaffold formation [5]. Removal of these PEO fibers prior to seeding resulted in improved cell infiltration after 3 weeks, but the long-term maturation of such constructs has yet to be characterized. To assess the effect of sacrificial PEO fiber content on construct growth, a triple-jet electrospinning device was employed to generate PCL/PEO scaffolds with PEO fiber fractions ranging from 0 to 60%. After seeding with human meniscus fibrochondrocytes (hMFCs), constructs were clamped in custom grips to maintain strip morphology. The mechanical and biochemical maturation of constructs was assessed over 12 weeks of free swelling culture in a chemically defined medium (CDM), along with cell infiltration and matrix distribution. We hypothesized that enhanced pore size in dual-fiber constructs would lead to not only to a better distribution of cells, but also to larger increases in stiffness resulting from enhanced matrix production and distribution.
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Baker, Brendon M., Giana Montero, and Robert L. Mauck. "Removal of Sacrificial Fibers Enhances Long Term Cell and Matrix Distribution in Aligned Nanofibrous Scaffolds." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206856.
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Given their ability to dictate initial cell alignment and subsequent matrix organization, aligned electrospun scaffolds are a fitting means for engineering fiber-reinforced, anisotropic tissues such as tendon, ligament, the knee meniscus, and the annulus fibrosus [1–3]. However, one commonly observed limitation of such scaffolds is the relatively slow infiltration rates of surface-seeded cells, where the central thicknesses of constructs cultured for 10 weeks remain devoid of cells [2]. This limitation arises from the tight packing of fibers which yields small pore sizes, thereby hampering cell migration. Towards accelerating cell ingress, we have recently reported on two-polymer composite scaffolds containing both slow eroding poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers as well as water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fibers that serve as space holders during scaffold formation [4]. Removal of these PEO fibers prior to seeding resulted in improved cell infiltration after 3 weeks, but the long term maturation of such constructs has yet to be characterized. To assess the effect of sacrificial PEO fiber content on construct growth, a triple-jet electrospinning device was employed to generate PCL/PEO scaffolds with PEO fiber fractions ranging from 0 to 60%. After seeding with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), constructs were clamped in custom grips to maintain strip morphology. The mechanical and biochemical maturation of constructs was assessed over 9 weeks of free swelling culture in a chemically defined medium (CDM), along with cell infiltration and matrix distribution. We hypothesized that enhanced pore size in dual-fiber constructs would lead to not only a better distribution of cells, but also larger increases in stiffness resulting from enhanced matrix production and distribution.
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Dequin, Thierry, Clark Weldon, and Matthew Hense. "Cathodic Protection Design Consideration for an Offshore Flexible Riser Connected to an Impressed Current System." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62302.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Flexible risers are regularly used to produce oil and gas in subsea production systems and by nature interconnect the subsea production system to the floating or fixed host facilities. Unbonded flexible pipes are made of a combination of metallic and non-metallic layers, each layer being individually terminated at each extremity by complex end fittings. Mostly submerged in seawater, the metallic parts require careful material selection and cathodic protection (CP) to survive the expected service life. Design engineers must determine whether the flexible pipe risers should be electrically connected to the host in order to receive cathodic protection current or be electrically isolated. If the host structure is equipped with a sacrificial anode system, then electrical continuity between the riser and the host structure is generally preferred. The exception is often when the riser and host structure are operated by separate organizations, in which case electrical isolation may be preferred simply to provide delineation of ownership between the two CP systems. The paper discusses these interface issues between hull and subsea where the hull is equipped with an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system, and provides guidance for addressing them during flexible pipe CP design, operation, and monitoring. Specifically, CP design philosophies for flexible risers will be addressed with respect to manufacturing, installation and interface with the host structure’s Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) system. The discussion will emphasize the importance of early coordination between the host structure ICCP system designers and the subsea SACP system designers, and will include recommendations for CP system computer modeling, CP system design operation and CP system monitoring. One of the challenges is to understand what to consider for the exposed surfaces in the flexible pipes and its multiple layers, and also the evaluation of the linear resistance of each riser segment. The linear resistance of the riser is a major determinant with respect to potential attenuation, which in turn largely determines the extent of current drain between the subsea sacrificial anode system and the hull ICCP system. To model the flexible riser CP system behavior for self-protection, linear resistance may be maximized, however the use of a realistic linear resistance is recommended for evaluation of the interaction between the host structure and subsea system. Realistic flexible linear resistance would also reduce conservatism in the CP design, potentially save time during the offshore campaign by reducing anode quantities, and also providing correct evaluation of drain current and stray currents.
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Baker, Brendon M., Nandan L. Nerurkar, Jason A. Burdick, Dawn M. Elliott, and Robert L. Mauck. "Fabrication and Modeling of an Electrospun Tri-Polymer Composite for the Engineering of Fibrous Tissues." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193174.
Full textAbstract:
Aligned, electrospun scaffolds are a useful tool for the engineering of fiber-reinforced tissues (such as tendon, meniscus, and muscle) as they mimic the topography and anisotropy of the native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) [1]. We have shown that fiber-alignment of slow-degrading poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) enhances the organization of newly-formed ECM and improves construct properties [2]. However, one significant drawback to these 3D templates is their small pore size, resulting from tight fiber packing, which hampers cell infiltration. To increase scaffold porosity and thereby accelerate cell ingress, we have recently reported on the fabrication of dual polymer composite scaffolds containing both water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and PCL fibers [3]. Removal of the sacrificial PEO fibers before seeding improved cell infiltration, but did so at the cost of the overall structural integrity. To further expand the potential properties (mechanics and degradation) of these composite scaffolds, this study introduced a third component (50:50 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)) using a newly constructed tri-polymer electrospinning device. We evaluated each polymer singly and when combined into a tri-polymer (3P) fibrous network. To better understand the mechanical response of these composites, we used a hyperelastic, constrained mixture model to assess and predict the response of these composite nanofibrous meshes for a range of compositions.
Reports on the topic "Caste and sacrificial organization"
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Manioli, Julia, Patrick Pikacha, and Brian Weeks. Tetepare: Community Conservation in Melanesia. American Museum of Natural History, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0019.
Full textAbstract:
Tetepare, an island in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands, is the largest uninhabited tropical island in the Southern Hemisphere. Tetepare has a largely intact wilderness, with remarkable biodiversity of globally significant conservation importance. This case study explores the biodiversity of Tetepare and efforts to maintain Tetepare as “the last wild island.” In response to threats by the extractive logging industry, the landowners of the island – Solomon Islanders descended from Tetepare’s original inhabitants - formed what is today known as the Tetepare Descendants’ Association (TDA), an organization that manages and conserves the island and its resources. TDA members receive benefits through a community conservation agreement (CCA): in return for conserving the land and rejecting all commercial exploitative industries, members receive benefits including scholarships, sustainable livelihood development, and employment opportunities. Tetepare’s conservation serves as an example of landowners successfully leveraging their natural inheritance to sustainably meet the economic needs of their communities without sacrificing the natural heritage of future generations.
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Bloch, G., and H. S. Woodard. regulation of size related division of labor in a key pollinator and its impact on crop pollination efficacy. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134168.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the rapid increase in reliance on bumble bees for food production and security, there are many critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of bumble bee biology that limit their colony production, commercial management, and pollination services. Our project focuses on the social, endocrine, and molecular processes regulating body size in the two bumble bee species most important to agriculture: Bombus terrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the USA. Variation in body size underline both caste (queen/worker) differentiation and division of labor among workers (foragers are typically larger than nest bees), two hallmarks of insect sociality which are also crucial for the commercial rearing and crop pollination services of bumble bees. Our project has generated several fundamental new insights into the biology of bumble bees, which can be integrated into science-based management strategies for commercial pollination. Using transcriptomic and behavioral approaches we show that in spite of high flexibility, task performance (brood care or foraging) in bumble bee colonies is associated with physiological variation and differential brain gene expression and RNA editing patterns. We further showed that interactions between the brood, the queen, and the workers determine the developmental program of the larva. We identified two important periods. The first is a critical period during the first few days after hatching. Larvae fed by queens during this period develop over less days, are not likely to develop into gynes, and commonly reach a smaller ultimate body size compared to workers reared mostly or solely by workers. The facial exocrine (mandibular and hypopharangeal) glands are involved in this queen effect on larva development. The second period is important for determining the ultimate body size which is positively regulated by the number of tending workers. The presence of the queen during this stage has little, if at all, influence. We further show that stressors such as agrochemicals that interfere with foraging or brood care specific processes can compromise bumble bee colony development and their pollination performance. We also developed new technology (an RFID system) for automated collection of foraging trip data, for future deployment in agroecosystems. In spite of many similarities, our findings suggest important differences between the Eurasian model species (B. terrestris) and the North American model species (B. impatiens) that impact how management strategies translate across the two species. For example, there is a similar influence of the queen on offspring body size in both species, but this effect does not appear to be mediated by development time in B. impatiens as it is in B. terrestris. Taken together, our collaboration highlights the power of comparative work, to show that considerable differences that exist between these two key pollinator species, and in the organization of young bumble bee nests (wherein queens provide the majority of care and then transition away from brood care) relative to later stages of nest development.