Journal articles: 'Castanea sativa L'

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Vaz, Filipe Costa, and João Pedro Tereso. "Estudo antracológico do compartimento 1, setor A-2008 de Monte Mozinho." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 8 (December 26, 2012): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i8.97.

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Durante as escavações arqueológicas realizadas no Castro de Monte Mozinho, nos anos de 2008 e 2009, foram efetuadas recolhas de sedimentos com vista à realização de estudos de arqueobotânica. A presente discussão centra-se na componente antracológica das recolhas realizadas no Compartimento 1 do setorA-2008 do povoado. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a identificação de um espectro paleoflorístico no qual se destaca a presença de castanheiro (Castanea sativa Mill.), carvalho caducifólio (Quercus tipo caducifólia), dois tipos de leguminosas, choupo (Populus L.) e pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Em segundo plano surgiram urze (Erica L.), amieiro-negro (Frangula alnus Mill.), freixo (Fraxinus L.), Prunus L. (género ao qual pertencem diversas espécies domésticas e silvestres tais como a ameixeira, o pessegueiro, o abrunheirobravo), salgueiro (Salix L.), ulmeiro (Ulmus L.) e azinheira ou sobreiro (Quercus tipo perenifólia).O número de espécies e a diversidade ecológica do conjunto analisado permitiu concluir que a recoleção de madeiras ocorreu em três formações vegetais distintas: bosques climácicos dominados por carvalhos; matos subseriais arbustivos resultantes da degradação da primeira formação; e formações ripícolas. Odestaque de Castanea sativa L. nas amostras permitiu algumas reflexões acerca da sua integração nas dinâmicas ecológicas e económicas de época romana. Charcoal analysis in Monte Mozinho: a paleoecological approach to the remains from compartment 1, sector A-2008 - During the archaeological excavations in the roman settlement of Castro de Monte Mozinho, taken place in 2008 and 2009, several soil samples were collected in order to obtain relevant archaeobotanical data. The present article focuses on the compartment 1, sector A-2008. The results obtained allowed the identification of a paleofloristic spectre, in which stands out the presence of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), deciduous oak (Quercus deciduous), Leguminosae, poplar (Populus L.) and cluster pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). In small numbers, several other species were identified, e.g. heath (Erica L.), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.), ash (Fraxinus L.), Prunus L. (genus with a wide range of species – plum tree, cherry plum, peach, etc.), willow (Salix L.), smooth-leaved elm (Ulmus L.) and cork oak or holm oak (Quercus evergreen). The variety of species analysed throughout the study allowed us to assume that firewood collection took place in three distinct plant formations: climacic forests of deciduous oak, subserial formations originated by its degradation and riparian vegetation. On the other hand, the relevance of Castanea sativa in these samples allowed the discussion of its integration in the regional Roman ecological and economical dynamics.

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Aravanopoulos, Filippos A. (Phil), Dorothy T. Tchatchoua, and Evangelos Barbas. "Micropropagation of Elite Genotypes of Castanea Sativa (MILL.)." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2013): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v3i2.1679.

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Sprouted buds of eight mature plus-trees of Castanea sativa were collected from two natural populations (Mt. Paiko and Mt. Hortiatis, Greece). Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (three concentrations of macro and micro-elements) combined with three concentrations of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). Results were evaluated based on three multiplication traits: (a) number of shoots produced, (b) length of the longest shoot segments and (c) percentage of responsive explants. A high genotype-dependant variation for the number of shoots produced per explant was detected. MS medium at full salt strength and 0.2 mg l-1 BAP provided the best results based on the multiplication traits measured. Elite mature tree P-2 proved to be highly favourable for multiplication. Rooting was attempted on Â½ MS medium at five different NAA concentrations.Â Successful rooting (56%) was obtained by using 0.50 mg l-1 NAA in vermiculite medium after eight weeks. These results indicate that the P-2 genotype can be micropropagated from the protocol developed for ornamental purposes, clonal testing and tree improvement applications.Â

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Pavese, Vera, Paola Ruffa, Silvia Abbà, Rita Lourenço Costa, Elena Corredoira, Cristian Silvestri, Daniela Torello Marinoni, and Roberto Botta. "An In Vitro Protocol for Propagating Castanea sativa Italian Cultivars." Plants 11, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233308.

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Castanea sativa cv. ‘Garrone Rosso’ and ‘Marrone di Castel del Rio’ are two of the most prized varieties in Italy due to their valuable and healthy nuts used for fresh consumption and in the confectionery industry. Despite the growing demand for chestnuts, there are constraints regarding plant propagation that hamper the renewal and new planting of orchards in different areas. Castanea sativa is susceptible to diseases that have caused a reduction in its area of production. For this reason, in vitro culture represents a valuable technique for germplasm preservation and plant multiplication enabling production of a high number of plants for use in breeding programs. Here we present an in vitro micropropagation protocol for Italian Castanea sativa cv. ‘Marrone di Castel del Rio’ and cv. ‘Garrone Rosso’ to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of the Italian germplasm. Nodal explants were used as the starting material for in vitro establishment. The cv. ‘Marrone di Castel del Rio’ showed a high percentage of survival explants (92%) when subjected to long bleach exposure (25 min), in contrast to what was observed for the ‘Garrone Rosso’ cultivar. Ascorbic acid was found to be the best compound to counteract phenol exudation. The MS3B and DKW media supplied with 0.5 mg/L BAP were effective for in vitro establishment, while the DKW medium (0.1 mg/L BAP and 0.05 mg/L IBA) was preferable for the proliferation phase. A double-layer rooting methodology was used and 35% rooting was observed with 25 mg/L IBA rooting treatment.

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Beyhan, N., and U. Serdar. "Assessment of pollen viability and germinability in some European chestnut genotypes (Castanea sativa L.)." Horticultural Science 35, No. 4 (December 15, 2008): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2008-hortsci.

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Pollen viability and germinability in some European chestnut genotypes was assessed in this study. In 10 chestnut genotypes, percentages of pollen viability were generally high and often around or over 80%. The pollen germination percentages of the genotypes were significantly affected by media sucrose concentrations. At optimum sucrose concentrations pollen germination percentages varied between 21.97 and 43.68% in 2004, 3.95 and 31.97% in 2005 and 6.79 and 31.03% in 2006, across all genotypes. The highest pollen germination percentage was obtained from 10% sucrose concentration in all years. Although, in 2006, a highly marked positive correlation (r = 0.80) was determined for the viability and germination percentages, no significant relation between the viability and germination percentages r = –0.54 and r = –0.05, respectively) was found in 2004 and 2005. In 2005 and 2006, germination percentages declined compared to 2004.

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Yildirim, Nebahat, Fahrettin Atar, Hülya Turna, Ali Bayraktar, and İbrahim Turna. "FLORISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ARBUTUS UNEDO L. AND ARBUTUS ANDRACHNE L. AS MEDICINAL PLANTS." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 48, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2018.v48.i1.52.

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633.88:582.688.3(560) Arbutus unedo L. and Arbutus andrachne L., belonging to Ericaceae family and being evergreen, are two important species having economic values in natural flora of Turkey. These species spread as enclave in the Black Sea Region, while they are found naturally in the Mediterranean and Aegean Region of Turkey. Arbutus unedo, whose fruits contain a high amount of sugar (42% - 52%), is widely preferred in the subbranchs of the food industry such as jam, marmalade and sweetener, especially in the beverage industry in Europe. Arbutus andrachne is a species that has an effect on the circulatory system and besides it has antihemorrhagic and urinal antiseptic properties. In this study, floristic characteristics of Arbutus unedo and A. andrachne, spreading in places where the Mediterranean climate is predominant in Turkey, being characteristic elements of maquis formation in coastal areas of Black Sea Region, are investigated. Within the scope of the study, sample plots were taken in Bartın, Kastamonu, Sinop, Samsun, Ordu and Trabzon regions. It was determined that the most common native species accompanying these species (only woody plant taxa) are different. These species are frequently spread together with Castanea sativa in Bartın, Quercus sp. + Carpinus betulus in Kastamonu, Castanea sativa + Pinus sylvestris + Fagus orientalis in Sinop, Pinus brutia in Samsun, Quercus sp. in Ordu and Quercus sp. + Carpinus betulus in Trabzon. In addition, shrub species such as Erica arborea, Laurus nobilis, Ruscus aculeatus, Smilax excelsa, Rubus sp. and Cistus sp. accompany to these species in all of these sample plots.

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Dantas, Ângelo Kidelman, Juan Majada, Fernando Kidelmar Dantas, Carolina Delatorre, Victor Granda, Paula Vallejo, and Isabel Feito. "ROOTING OF MINICUTTINGS OF Castanea sativa Mill. HYBRID CLONES." Revista Árvore 40, no. 3 (June 2016): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000300010.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the growth regulator indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of mini-cuttings of Castanea crenata x C. sativa hybrid clones. Minicuttings were left to root for 60 days in an acclimatized greenhouse and then transferred to a shade house for a further 30 days. The experiment was a random block design with a double factorial arrangement consisting of five IBA concentrations (0, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 mg L-1) and five clones, with three repetitions, composed of eight minicuttings per repetition. The use of IBA significantly affected the rooting and survival of the mini-cuttings, and good rates were achieved. However, at each IBA concentration we found significant differences between clones, thus suggesting that the conditions of the process of mini-cutting propagation should be specifically adapted to each particular clone.

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Barreira, J. C. M., I. C. F. R. Ferreira, M. B. P. P. Oliveira, and J. A. Pereira. "Antioxidant Potential of Chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) and Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) By-products." Food Science and Technology International 16, no. 3 (June 2010): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013209353983.

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The antioxidant properties of almond green husks (Cvs. Duro Italiano, Ferraduel, Ferranhês, Ferrastar and Orelha de Mula), chestnut skins and chestnut leaves (Cvs. Aveleira, Boa Ventura, Judia and Longal) were evaluated through several chemical and biochemical assays in order to provide a novel strategy to stimulate the application of waste products as new suppliers of useful bioactive compounds, namely antioxidants. All the assayed by-products revealed good antioxidant properties, with very low EC50 values (lower than 380 μg/mL), particularly for lipid peroxidation inhibition (lower than 140 μg/mL). The total phenols and flavonoids contents were also determined. The correlation between these bioactive compounds and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in pig brain tissue through formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, was also obtained. Although, all the assayed by-products proved to have a high potential of application in new antioxidants formulations, chestnut skins and leaves demonstrated better results.

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Desmaison, Anne Marie, and Marie Tixier. "Amino Acids Content in Germinating Seeds and Seedlings from Castanea sativa L." Plant Physiology 81, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.81.2.692.

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Boccacci, P., A. Akkak, D. Torello Marinoni, G. Bounous, and R. Botta. "Typing European Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Cultivars Using Oak Simple Sequence Repeat Markers." HortScience 39, no. 6 (October 2004): 1212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1212.

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Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers show many characteristics of the ideal molecular marker, and recent studies have shown that loci developed in one species may allow analysis in taxonomically related species. In this study, 52 primer pairs developed in two oak species—Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Lieb.—were used to amplify DNA of 5 chestnut cultivars; 28 of them yielded amplicons and 12 polymorphic loci were selected and used to fingerprint 12 european chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars grown in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 8, mean expected heterozygosity was 0.592 (range: 0.288 to 0.868), and mean observed heterozygosity was 0.667 (range: 0.333 to 1.000). The results demonstrate the usefulness of some SSR markers isolated in Quercus for the fingerprinting and genetic mapping of Castanea cultivars.

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Salleo, S., A. Nardini, M. A. Gullo, and L. A. Ghirardelli. "Changes in Stem and Leaf Hydraulics Preceding Leaf Shedding in Castanea Sativa L." Biologia plantarum 45, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015192522354.

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Primorac, L., I. Flanjak, KenjerićD, BubaloD, and Z. Topolnjak. "Specific rotation and carbohydrate profile of Croatian unifloral honeys." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 5 (October 7, 2011): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/164/2010-cjfs.

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Specific rotation and carbohydrate profile of Croatian black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) honeys were determined. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose (with cellobiose and trehalose), melezitose (with erlose), raffinose, and xylose were evaluated and quantified by HPLC, while specific rotation was determined by using a polarimeter. The differences in the carbohydrate profile, especially in disaccharide and trisaccharide contents, reflected different specific rotation values of the honey types selected. Weak positive correlations between specific rotation and sucrose, melezitose with erlose, and raffinose contents were found.

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Atanassova, J., YurukovaL, and M. Lazarova. "Pollen and inorganic characteristics of Bulgarian unifloral honeys." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 6 (December 1, 2012): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2012-cjfs.

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The melissopalynological characteristics, three main physicochemical parameters (water content, pH, and electrical conductivity), and 19 macro- and microelements contents of 15 honey types from throughout Bulgariathat were collected from 2006 to 2009 were evaluated. The main honeys studied came from Robinia pseudoacacia L., Helianthus annuus L., Brassica spp., Tilia spp., and Vicia spp. The botanical origins of unifloral honey samples were identified as Lotus spp., Coriandrum sativum L., Daucus-type, Stachys-type, Salix spp., Prunus spp., Castanea sativa Mill., Paliurus spina-christi Mill., Sophora japonica, and Amorpha spp. Based on the physicochemical parameters and elements contents, one sample with high a percentage of Trifolium spp. pollen was identified as honeydew honey.

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SENESI, N., and G. SPOSITO. "Characterization and stability of transition metal complexes of chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) leaf litter." Journal of Soil Science 40, no. 2 (June 1989): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1989.tb01288.x.

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Hipps, N. A., T. J. Samuelson, and L. G. Farman. "Effects of root wrenching on leaf mineral content of Prunus avium and Castanea sativa seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-023.

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The roots of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) seedlings grown from seed in a nursery bed were cut by passing a wedge-shaped blade horizontally through the soil (wrenched) at 20 cm depth on 10 July (early) or 12 August (late) or on both dates. Nitrogen concentrations in leaves of C. sativa and P. avium seedlings were severely reduced by early or late root wrenching, and except for the early wrenched C. sativa, seedlings had not fully recovered by the end of the growing season compared with the controls. Phosphorus concentrations also were reduced in the leaves of both species by wrenching treatments, but were similar to those found in undisturbed seedlings by the end of the season. The effects of wrenching treatments on the concentrations of potassium, manganese, and calcium in leaves of either species were generally negligible. The reduction in concentrations and total foliar content of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by the wrenching treatments in leaves of these species did not have a negative effect on growth following outplanting.

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Haltofová, P., L. Jankovský, and D. Palovčíková. "New finds of Cryphonectria parasitica and the first record of chestnut blight on red oak Quercus rubra L. in the Czech Republic." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 6 (January 10, 2012): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4561-jfs.

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The causal agent of the chestnut blight, the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M. E. Barr (syn. Endothia parasitica (Murrill) P. J. Anderson et H. W. Anderson), was found out at new localities in the Czech Republic. The chestnut blight was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic in 2002. Two new localities were discovered in southern Moravia in May and June 2004. The disease was identified both on the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and on the red oak (Quercus rubraL.). Infected trees were treated according to the order of the State Phytosanitary Administration of the Czech Republic. 

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Iglesias, M. Isabel, Mª Victoria Jato, and M. Jesús Aira. "Estudio palinológico de mieles de montaña de la provincia de Orense (NW-España)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 18 (December 1, 1993): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v18i.8983.

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Se analizan cualitativa y cuantitativamente trece muestras de miel procedentes de colmenares ubicados en la zona montañosa oriental de Galicia, entre los 600 y 1000 m de altitud. En once de las muestras, aparece como polen dominante Castanea sativa Miller, alcanzando valores en tres de ellas entre el 80-84%. Rubus sp. es dominante en una de las mieles estudiadas, en la que alcanza un 67%, mientras que las restantes muestras se consideran multiflorales, con abundancia, además de los táxones citados, de otros tipos polánicos como: Adenocarpus complicatus DC., Campanula sp., Hypericum perforatum L., Lotus corniculatus L., Prunus sp., Crataegus mono gina Jacq. y Ericaceae.

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Mecca, Marisabel, Luigi Todaro, and Maurizio D’Auria. "The Use of a Molybdenum Polyoxometalated Compound to Increase the Amount of Extractives from Wood Wastes." Biomolecules 8, no. 3 (July 28, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom8030062.

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The treatment of wood wastes of Castanea sativa L., Quercus frainetto, Larix decidua, and Paulownia tomentosa S. in autoclave in the presence of micrometric crystals of H3PMo12O40 showed an impressive increase of the amount of extractives. The extractives were mainly constituted of insoluble compounds that were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after acetylation. The GC-MS analysis of the chloroform soluble fraction of the extractives obtained from sativa showed the presence of methyl hexadecanoate and octadecanoic acid, that of the extractives of frainetto showed the presence of octadecanal and some long chain hydrocarbons. decidua extracts showed the presence of large amounts of sesamin, while the extractives of P tomentosa revealed the presence of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycimmanaldehyde, and relevant amounts of long chain hydrocarbons. The insoluble fraction showed the presence of relevant amounts of several carbohydrates and, in the case of C. sativa, of inositol.

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Zlatanov, T., I. Velichkov, M. Georgieva, G. Hinkov, M. Zlatanova, G. Gogusev, and CS Eastaugh. "Does management improve the state of chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) on Belasitsa Mountain, southwest Bulgaria?" iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor1420-008.

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Boutin, Bertille. "Étude de la réactivation cambiale chez un arbre ayant un bois à zones poreuses (Castanea sativa) et deux autres au bois à pores diffus (Betula verrucosa, Acer campestre)." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 1335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-187.

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Cambial reactivation and xylogenesis have been studied in diffuse porous (Betula verrucosa Ehr., Acer campestre L.) and ring porous (Castanea sativa Mill.) trees more than 25 years old. Our results show that the basipetal and overall cambial reactivations coexist in the two groups of trees, in contrast to what is generally admitted. The basipetal cambial reactivation occurs in the terminal parts of the branches and is controlled by the buds. The overall cambial reactivation affects the trunk and the older parts of the branches; it shows a certain autonomy from the phenomena occurring within the upper part of the tree.

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Pollegioni, Paola, Stefano Del Lungo, Ruth Müller, Keith E. Woeste, Francesca Chiocchini, Jo Clark, Gabriel E. Hemery, et al. "Biocultural diversity of common walnut ( Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 20 (September 24, 2020): 11192–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6761.

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Hipps, N. A., K. H. Higgs, and L. G. Collard. "Effects of root wrenching on the growth and water relations of Prunus avium and Castanea sativa seedlings in nursery beds and after outplanting." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-044.

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The roots of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) seedlings grown in a nursery bed at the same density (110 plants/m2) were cut by passing a wedge-shaped blade horizontally through the soil (wrenched) at 20 cm depth on 10 July (early) or 12 August (late) or on both dates. Shoot growth was reduced, and this coincided with lower final leaf areas for both species. Leaf water potential (ψ) and leaf conductance to water vapour (gl) of each were reduced immediately after the root wrenching treatments, but recovered within 1 month. Prunus avium seedlings that were late root wrenched suffered more severe drought stress than C. sativa seedlings wrenched at the same time. This was indicated by a larger reduction in ψ and shedding of leaves. Seedlings of P. avium that were wrenched early suffered less drought stress when wrenched a second time (late). Late root wrenching caused greater stress in P. avium than C. sativa, which is ascribed to the smaller quantity of their roots above the depth of wrenching. Early wrenching increased the total shoot growth of both species in the first 2 years after outplanting.

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Palanti, Sabrina, Federico Stefani, Monica Andrenacci, Marco Faimali, Irene Guarneri, Marco Sigovini, and Davide Tagliapietra. "Biological Resistance of Acetylated Radiata Pine, European Beech, and MDF against Marine Borers at Three Italian Sites after Five Years Immersion." Forests 13, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050636.

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The aim of this research was to determine the resistance of acetylated wood against marine biodeterioration in use class 5 for use in temperate waters. The resistance of acetylated radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) on solid and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels was compared with untreated wood of European species, such as European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), European oak (Quercus robur L.), and marine plywood. As a reference control, untreated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was used. The field tests were carried out in accordance with EN 275, and started in April 2015. The three Italian exposure sites were Marine of Scarlino private harbor, Port of Genoa, and the Venice Lagoon. Final evaluation in 2021 showed a greater resistance to marine borers of acetylated wood, radiata pine, and beech and MDF panels. However, the untreated European species showed low resistance against marine organisms, with complete decay after the first year of exposure.

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Frascaria, N., F. Santi, and P. H. Gouyon. "Genetic differentiation within and among populations of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)." Heredity 70, no. 6 (June 1993): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1993.91.

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Zambonelli, Alessandra, and Maria Barbara Branzanti. "Mycorrhizal synthesis of Tuber albidum pico with Castanea sativa mill., Quercus suber L. and Alnus cordata loisel." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 28, no. 1-4 (February 1990): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90099-y.

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Grygorieva, Olga, Olena Vergun, Svitlana Klymenko, Mykhailo Zhurba, Vladimíra Horčinová Sedláčková, Eva Ivanišová, and Ján Brindza. "Estimation of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of leaves extracts of some selected non-traditional plants." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (July 28, 2020): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1314.

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The aim of the research is the determination of the total antioxidant activity and the content of phenolic compounds of the leaves of 12 species of non-traditional plants, namely, Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem., Aronia mitschurinii A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul., Castanea sativa Mill., Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., Cornus mas L., Diospyros kaki L., Diospyros lotus L., Diospyros virginiana L., Lycium barbarum L., Lycium сhinense Mill., Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C.K. Schneid., Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Total phenolic content was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay. Antioxidant activity was measured using two different methods (DPPH – 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, MRAP – molybdenum reducing antioxidant power). Significant variability was observed in phenolic compounds content and total antioxidant activity. Total polyphenol content ranged from 38.02 (Z. jujuba) to 80.58 (C. sativa) mg GAE.g-1 DM, total flavonoid content from 22.47 (P. sinensis) to 54.61 (L. barbarum) mg QE.g-1 DM and phenolic acids content from 3.51 (A. mitschurinii) to 24.67 (Ch. japonica) mg CAE.g-1 DM. All tested samples exhibited DPPH• radical scavenging activities with values from 6.92 (A. mitschurinii) to 9.0 (C. mas) mg TEAC.g-1 DM. Antioxidant activity by molybdenum reducing antioxidant power method ranged from 109.43 (A. mitschurinii) to 322.95 (C. mas) mg TEAC.g-1 DM. Differences between the species of non-traditional plants were significant in all observed parameters. Obtained results of phytochemical composition demonstrated the possibility of leaves' use of non-traditional plants as sources of valuable bioactive compounds with health-promoting and disease-preventing properties.

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Kovács, Gabriella Enikő, Lóránt Szőke, Brigitta Tóth, Béla Kovács, Csaba Bojtor, Árpád Illés, László Radócz, Makoena Joyce Moloi, and László Radócz. "The Physiological and Biochemical Responses of European Chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) to Blight Fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murill) Barr)." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102136.

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The most important disease of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is chestnut blight caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr which induces yield reduction in Europe and North America. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of C. parasitica infection on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of European chestnut at two different growth stages, 3 and 6 weeks after the infection. The amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotenoids), the relative chlorophyll content, and the photochemical efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) were measured in the leaves above and below the virulent and hypovirulent C. parasitica infections. The highest values were measured in the control leaves, the lowest values were in the leaves of the upper part of virulent necrosis. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline, and malondialdehyde concentrations were also investigated. In each of these measured values, the lowest level was measured in the control leaves, while the highest was in leaves infected with the virulent fungal strain. By measuring all of these stress indicator parameters the responses of chestnut to C. parasitica infection can be monitored and determined. The results of this study showed that the virulent strain caused more pronounced defense responses of chestnut’s defense system. The measured parameter above the infection was more exposed to the blight fungus disease relative to the leaves below the infection.

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Grdović, Nevena, Svetlana Dinić, Jelena Arambašić, Mirjana Mihailović, Aleksandra Uskoković, Jelena Marković, Goran Poznanović, et al. "The protective effect of a mix of Lactarius deterrimus and Castanea sativa extracts on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell death." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 7 (December 20, 2011): 1163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511006702.

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Pancreatic β-cell death or dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress underlies the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we tested extracts from the edible mushroom Lactarius deterrimus and the chestnut Castanea sativa, as well as their mixture (MIX Ld/Cs), for potential beneficial effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β-cell death. Analysis of chelating effects, reducing power and radical-scavenging assays revealed strong antioxidant effects of the C. sativa extract and MIX Ld/Cs, while the L. deterrimus extract displayed a weak to moderate effect. The antioxidative effect of the chestnut extract corresponds with the high content of phenolics and flavonoids identified by HPLC analysis. In contrast, the mushroom extract contains relatively small amounts of phenols and flavonoids. However, both extracts, and especially their combination MIX Ld/Cs, increased cell viability after the STZ treatment as a result of a significant reduction of DNA damage and improved redox status. The chestnut extract and MIX Ld/Cs significantly lowered the STZ-induced increases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, while the mushroom extract had no impact on the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. However, the L. deterrimus extract exhibited good NO-scavenging activity. Different mechanisms that underlie antioxidant effects of the mushroom and chestnut extracts were discussed. When combined as in the MIX Ld/Cs, the extracts exhibited diverse but synergistic actions that ultimately exerted beneficial and protective effects against STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell death.

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Bratanova-Dancheva, S., S. Mirtchev, and M. Lyubenova. "DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF MISTLETOE GROWTH IMPACT (LORANTHUS EUROPAEUS L.) ON EUROPEAN CHESTNUT (CASTANEA SATIVA MILL.) IN SOUTH WEST BULGARIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 693 (October 2005): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.693.46.

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Martínez-Gil, Ana, Maria del Alamo-Sanza, Rosario Sánchez-Gómez, and Ignacio Nevares. "Alternative Woods in Enology: Characterization of Tannin and Low Molecular Weight Phenol Compounds with Respect to Traditional Oak Woods. A Review." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061474.

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Wood is one of the most highly valued materials in enology since the chemical composition and sensorial properties of wine change significantly when in contact with it. The need for wood in cooperage and the concern of enologists in their search for new materials to endow their wines with a special personality has generated interest in the use of other Quercus genus materials different from the traditional ones (Q. petraea, Q. robur and Q. alba) and even other wood genera. Thereby, species from same genera such as Q. pyrenaica Willd., Q. faginea Lam., Q. humboldtti Bonpl., Q. oocarpa Liebm., Q. stellata Wangenh, Q. frainetto Ten., Q. lyrata Walt., Q. bicolor Willd. and other genera such as Castanea sativa Mill. (chestnut), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (false acacia), Prunus avium L. and P. cereaus L. (cherry), Fraxinus excelsior L. (European ash) and F. americana L. (American ash) have been studied with the aim of discovering whether they could be a new reservoir of wood for cooperage. This review aims to summarize the characterization of tannin and low molecular weight phenol compositions of these alternative woods for enology in their different cooperage stages and compare them to traditional oak woods, as both are essential to proposing their use in cooperage for aging wine.

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Sladden, B., N. J. Loader, G. H. F. Young, and D. McCarroll. "Examination of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic variability in the cellulose and wholewood of Castanea sativa Mill., Fagus sylvatica L., Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L." Acta Silvae et Ligni 117 (2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20315/asetl.117.4.

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Truzzi, Cristina, Silvia Illuminati, Anna Annibaldi, Carolina Finale, Monica Rossetti, and Giuseppe Scarponi. "Physicochemical Properties of Honey from Marche, Central Italy: Classification of Unifloral and Multifloral Honeys by Multivariate Analysis." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 11 (November 2014): 1934578X1400901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400901117.

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The purpose of this study was the physicochemical characterization and classification of Italian honey from Marche Region with a chemometric approach. A total of 135 honeys of different botanical origins [acacia ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.), chestnut ( Castanea sativa), coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.), lime ( Tilia spp.), sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), Metcalfa honeydew and multifloral honey] were considered. The average results of electrical conductivity (0.14 – 1.45 mS cm−1), pH (3.89 – 5.42), free acidity (10.9 – 39.0 meqNaOH kg−1), lactones (2.4 – 4.5 meqNaOH kg−1), total acidity (14.5 – 40.9 meqNaOH kg−1), proline (229–665 mg kg−1) and 5-(hydroxy-methyl)-2-furaldehyde (0.6–3.9 mg kg−1) content show wide variability among the analysed honey types, with statistically significant differences between the different honey types. Pattern recognition methods such as principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were performed in order to find a relationship between variables and types of honey and to classify honey on the basis of its physicochemical properties. The variables of electrical conductivity, acidity (free, lactones), pH and proline content exhibited higher discriminant power and provided enough information for the classification and distinction of unifloral honey types, but not for the classification of multifloral honey (100% and 85% of samples correctly classified, respectively).

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Catarino, Sofia, Vasiliki Thanasi, Gael Morin, Ofélia Anjos, Tiago A. Fernandes, Ilda Caldeira, Laurent Fargeton, Benjamin Boissier, and Sara Canas. "Shedding Light on Metals Release from Chestnut Wood to Wine Spirit Using ICP-MS." Foods 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 3617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223617.

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Possible effects caused by mineral elements during wine spirit ageing are diverse. In this study, the evolution of the mineral composition of wine spirit during ageing with chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood was investigated. A wine distillate was aged in 250 L wooden barrels (traditional ageing) and in 50 L glass demijohns with wood staves and micro-oxygenation (alternative ageing). Sampling was performed after 21, 60, 180, 270, and 365 days of ageing. The elemental composition of the wine spirits, including alkaline, alkaline earth metals, and heavy metals, was assessed by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS). For most of the elements, no significant differences between wine spirits from distinct ageing modalities were observed. Ageing time had significant effect on most of them, with different trends and distinct magnitude of changes, depending on each specific element. The concentrations of the mineral elements found in the wine spirits were very low, especially those of heavy metals, which is quite positive in terms of quality and food safety. Novel information on metals released from chestnut wood to wine spirits confirms its appropriateness for ageing this beverage.

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Jerković, I., J. Mastelić, Z. Marijanović, Ž. Klein, and M. Jelić. "Comparison of hydrodistillation and ultrasonic solvent extraction for the isolation of volatile compounds from two unifloral honeys of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Castanea sativa L." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 14, no. 6 (September 2007): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2006.12.014.

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Čerevková, Andrea, Katarína Adamčíková, Marek Kobza, and Gabriela Juhásová. "Cause of withering of Staghorn Sumach (Rhus typhina L.) in selected localities in Slovakia." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 74, no. 1 (2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2005.006.

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Health state of Rhus typhina was evaluated in 59 localities and 74 sites over the years 2001-2003 with scope (1) to identify the parasitic mycoflora of R. typhina in Slovakia and (2) to identify the occurrence of Cryphonectria parasitica, declared as an quarantine pest by the EPPO, besides the chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and oak (Quercus sp.) also on R. typhina. The fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (Gross.) Dugg. (pycnidial state Dothiorella mali (Ell.) Ev) caused damage to the R. typhina. Damage to R. typhina caused by B. ribis was only recorded in 15 localities. Mean growth rate of hyphae of the fungus ranged from 25.7 to 48.3 mm after 96 hours of cultivation. The most appropriate medium for cultivation was 3% potato dextrose agar. The occurrence of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and mainly of quarantine fungus C. parasitica has not been recorded in the evaluated sites.

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Scherbina, Vitaliy G. "Allelopathic Soil Regime After a One-Time Recreational Load in the Forest Ecosystems of the Sochi Black Sea Region." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 1 (213) (March 31, 2022): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2022-1-96-106.

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The method of testing water soil extracts was used to study the allelopathic regime of the soil one day and 30 days after the simulated recreational impact in seven forest ecosystems of the Sochi Black Sea region with a monodominant forest stand. It was determined that one-time recreational loads in the analyzed ecosystems are accompanied by an increase in allelopathic soil activity. A noticeable increase in phytotoxicity (16-66 %) is recorded at a load of 2.78-4.17 people/ha. Greater recreational impact (6.2-8.33 people/ha) leads to the formation of a path network, anaerobic conditions and inhibition of the biotest in the range 0.8-1.0. It was found that 30 days after a one-time recreational impact, soil activity is restored to control values only after a load of 1.39 people/ha. After a load of 2.78-4.17 people/ha, only a decrease in phytotoxicity by 9-21 % is observed. In areas after maximum exposure (6.25-8.33 people/ha), phytotoxicity decreases below control values in ecosystems dominated by Fagus orientalis L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus pubescens Willd. and Carpinus betulus L., indirectly explaining the likelihood of introducing species alien to forest ecosystems along the trails. Significant soil activity persists in ecosystems with Taxus baccata L., Castanea sativa Mill., and Buxus colchica Pojark., explaining their resistance to one-time recreational loads.

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KILIÇ, Kenan, and Cevdet SÖĞÜTLÜ. "Taze ve Doğal Yaşlanmış Ağaç Malzemeye Uygulanan Üç Çeşit Verniğin Yüzey Sertliği." Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 22, no. 2 (September 27, 2022): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1179043.

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Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışma, doğal yaşlanmış ağaç malzeme yüzeyine uygulanan bazı verniklerin yüzey sertlik değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Malzeme ve yöntem: Doğal yaşlanmış ve taze sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.), sapsız meşe (Quercus petrea L.) ve kestane (Castanea sativa M.) ağaç malzemeden hazırlanan deney örneklerinin yüzeyine akrilik, poliüretan ve su-bazlı vernik uygulamıştır. Her ağaç türü, kesit yönü, yaş periyodu ve vernik çeşidi için 10’ar adet olmak üzere toplam 360 adet deney örneği hazırlanmış ve yüzey sertlik değerleri belirlenmiştir. Temel Sonuçlar: Deneyler sonucunda, yaş periyodunun vernik katmanı yüzey sertliğine etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Ağaç malzemede düzeyinde en yüksek yüzey sertlik değeri meşenin teğet kesitinde elde edilmiş, meşe ve kestane arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamsız çıkmıştır. Vernik çeşidi olarak, en yüksek yüzey sertlik değeri poliüretan vernikte elde edilmiş, bunu sırası ile akrilik vernik ve su-bazlı vernik izlemiştir. Ayrıca, ağaç malzemenin teğet kesitindeki vernik katmanı yüzey sertliği radyal kesit yönünden yüksek bulunmuştur. Araştırma vurguları: Vernik katmanında yüksek yüzey sertliği gerektiren durumlarda, poliüretan vernik tercih edilebilir. Deneyler sonucunda, yüzey sertlik değeri düşük seviyede bulunan su-bazlı vernik ise yüksek elastiklik özelliği sayesinde, higroskopik yapıya sahip olan ağaç malzeme ile uyumlu bir çalışma performansı verebilecektir. Bu nedenle, boyutsal değişim miktarı yüksek olan ağaç malzemenin harici etkilere karşı korunması için kullanılabilir.

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Roženbergar, Dušan, Jakob Pavlin, and Thomas A. Nagel. "Short-term survival and crown rebuilding of European broadleaf tree species following a severe ice storm." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 11 (November 2020): 1131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0063.

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Ice storms cause widespread damage to forests in many temperate regions, leaving behind many live trees with severe crown damage. Following a severe ice storm in 2014 that damaged forests across Slovenia, we examined how tree-level attributes influenced survival and crown rebuilding three growing seasons after the storm. Field sampling was carried out in four mature stands dominated by native broadleaf species. Of the 763 sampled trees, the annual mortality rate following the storm was 2.2%, and nearly all trees that died experienced >75% crown removal. Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) had higher rates of mortality than beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Mixed models revealed that survival significantly increased with tree diameter and decreased with increasing crown damage. Although we observed sprouting across all the dominant species, maple, oak, and chestnut showed a more vigorous response than beech, and maple had the fastest sprout growth. Model results showed that sprout density and length increased with level of crown damage. The results indicate that these broadleaf forests are resilient to severe ice damage. Consequently, hasty salvage cutting of trees with canopy damage should be avoided, as many individuals with >75% crown damage are likely to survive and recover.

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Jinks, R. L. "The effects of propagation environment on the rooting of leafy cuttings of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)." New Forests 10, no. 2 (September 1995): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00033406.

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Raftoyannis, Y., K. Radoglou, and G. Halivopoulos. "Ecophysiology and Survival of Acer pseudoplatanus L., Castanea sativa Miller. and Quercus frainetto Ten. Seedlings on a Reforestation Site in Northern Greece." New Forests 31, no. 2 (March 2006): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-004-7365-5.

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Mecca, Marisabel, Luigi Todaro, Valentina Lo Giudice, Teresa Lovaglio, and Maurizio D’Auria. "GC-MS and SPME Techniques Highlighted Contrasting Chemical Behaviour in the Water Extractives of Modified Castanea sativa Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. Wood." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080986.

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The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are wood species largely present in the European forest area. The composition and relative variation of the secondary metabolites of chestnut and European beech wood under thermal effect is a little-explored area. The wood material was thermally modified at 170 °C for 3 h using a thermo-vacuum technology. Raw and modified wood extracts were obtained with aqueous extraction techniques in an autoclave, subsequently lyophilized, solubilized in ethyl acetate, and determined by Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analyses (GC-MS). In addition, the volatile compounds were determined by Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) analyses. As a general statement, the extraction in an autoclave produced a higher number of compounds in the modified chestnut and beech wood compared to unmodified wood material. Beech wood showed low degradation in the compounds after modification. Notably, squalene and ar-tumerone were the main bioactive compounds present in beech wood extractives. Chestnut, conversely, showed a greater degradation after thermo-modification. However, a reduction in chemical compounds in the modified samples was also observed. In this case, the main biologically active compounds detected only in the chestnut control samples were apocynin and ar-tumerone. The recovery of this residual wood material, before energy consumption, could provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly means of obtaining natural chemicals suitable for various industrial applications.

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Aliyev, Prof RAE Z. H. "The Research of the Radial Growth of the Flora Species Which Do Not Have Special Protection on the South Hillsides of Greater Caucasus." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 7 (January 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v7i.8616.

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The radial growth of the trunks of the following flora species which do not have special protection on the southern hillsides of Greater Caucasus was studied in the article: Georgioan oak- Quercus iberica M.Bieb Common hornbeam - Caprinus betulus L. Common chestnut - Castanea sativa Mill. Black walnut - Juglans nigra L., Heart leaved alder - Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey. During the dendrochronological analyses, the dynamics of growth over the years were analysed based on the distances between the tree rings. The impact of the climatic factors on the growth of the trees was analysed and the ages of tree species were investigated. Based on the dendrochronological historical application, according to the numbers of tree rings, the ages of the trees were defined in the studied species. According to the numbers of tree rings, the oldest type of the rare and scanty flora types which have no special protection was identified as Caprinus betulus L. in the Zagatala region. The tree was taken from Zagatala district, planted in 1944, was 75 years old and had 330 cm diameter. The observation of dendrochronological researches indicates the formation of a new microclimate. It was observed that in the investigated species, radial growth was more intense during matureness, then it was weakened with age. In the comparative analysis, it was observed that the minimum radial growth was in 2010 and 2015, and the maximum growth was between 1973 and 1985 in the Zagatala region

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Tálos-Nebehaj, Esztella, Levente Albert, Eszter Visi-Rajczi, and Tamás Hofmann. "Combined Multi-assay Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Tree Bark." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2019-0007.

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Abstract Wood logging generates considerable amounts of bark by-product, which are a potential antioxidant source well worth extracting and using. The present work compares the antioxidant properties of the bark of the following selected Hungarian forest tree species: white poplar (Populus alba L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), wild cherry (Prunus avium L.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Inner and outer bark were investigated separately. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocâlteu method, whereas antioxidant capacity was assayed using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) methods. The overall antioxidant power of the samples was evaluated using a scoring system that combined the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assay results. The TPC levels did not always follow the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assay values. Differing reaction mechanisms and sample compositions are possible reasons for this. The presented scoring evaluation was suitable for the assessment and comparison of complex antioxidant properties of tree bark samples. According to the scores, inner bark showed higher scores compared to outer bark for most species with the exceptions of black poplar, black locust, white poplar, sweet chestnut, and European larch. The highest overall antioxidant capacities were determined in the inner bark of wild cherry and the outer bark of sweet chestnut. The species with the overall lowest scores were black locust and black poplar.

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Tan, Hüseyin. "Crushed mussel shell powder and optional borax in surface char layers to protect four wood species against fire." BioResources 17, no. 3 (July 28, 2022): 5319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.5319-5334.

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The goal is to protect semi-finished/finished wood components from burning/fires in a variety of settings (wooden buildings, historical sites, restoration, etc.). Natural (organic) sea mussel shells (Chamelea gallina) were crushed and prepared with water in various solution concentrations (10%, 15%) after the pyrolysis process, either alone or together with boron compounds (borax). The limiting oxygen index value (LOI) was determined by making retention calculations. Coatings were applied to the wood as a double treatment, with boron compounds (borax) used for comparison purposes. Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.), Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), and locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) were chosen for this research. When the pyrolysis-treated impregnated samples were compared to the pyrolysis-treated control sample, the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) was found to be significantly higher in the impregnated samples. After impregnation, 15% borax (0.89%) in acacia wood had the highest retention value, whereas 10 percent mussel shell (0.22%) in spruce wood had the lowest. The maximum limiting oxygen index value (LOI) was found in acacia wood (42.8%), while the lowest value was found in acacia wood (28.9%) impregnated with 10% mussel shell powder after the pyrolysis process.

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İlker, KEPENEKCI. "Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Tylenchida (Nematoda) Associated with Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) and Chestnuts (Castanea sativa Miller) Orchards in the Black Sea Region." Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 7, no. 2 (2001): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/tarimbil_0000000631.

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Martínez-Gil, Ana, Maria del Alamo-Sanza, Rosario Sánchez-Gómez, and Ignacio Nevares. "Different Woods in Cooperage for Oenology: A Review." Beverages 4, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040094.

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Contact of wine with wood during fermentation and ageing produces significant changes in its chemical composition and organoleptic properties, modifying its final quality. Wines acquire complex aromas from the wood, improve their colour stability, flavour, and clarification, and extend their storage period. New trends in the use of barrels, replaced after a few years of use, have led to an increased demand for oak wood in cooperage. In addition, the fact that the wine market is becoming increasingly saturated and more competitive means that oenologists are increasingly interested in tasting different types of wood to obtain wines that differ from those already on the market. This growing demand and the search for new opportunities to give wines a special personality has led to the use of woods within the Quercus genus that are different from those used traditionally (Quercus alba, Quercus petraea, and Quercus robur) and even woods of different genera. Thus, species of the genus Quercus, such as Quercus pyrenaica Willd., Quercus faginea Lam., Quercus humboldtti Bonpl., Quercus oocarpa Liebm., Quercus frainetto Ten, and other genera, such as Robinia pseudoacacia L. (false acacia), Castanea sativa Mill. (chestnut), Prunus avium L. and Prunus cereaus L. (cherry), Fraxinus excelsior L. (European ash), Fraxinus americana L. (American ash), Morus nigra L, and Morus alba L. have been the subject of several studies as possible sources of wood apt for cooperage. The chemical characterization of these woods is essential in order to be able to adapt the cooperage treatment and, thus, obtain wood with oenological qualities suitable for the treatment of wines. This review aims to summarize the different species that have been studied as possible new sources of wood for oenology, defining the extractable composition of each one and their use in wine.

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Loewe Muñoz, Verónica Francisca, Herbert Siebert W., and Rodrigo Herrera. "Efecto del sitio y de diferentes asociaciones arbóreas en el crecimiento y calidad fustal del Roble Europeo (Quercus robur L.) en el sur de Chile." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 25, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2019.510.

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El proceso de diversificación forestal en Chile ha estimulado el interés por cultivos y modelos productivos no tradicionales, dentro de los cuales las plantaciones mixtas han mostrado utilidad para la realidad forestal al favorecer el crecimiento en altura y diámetro. Debido a la ductilidad de su madera, el roble europeo (Quercus robur L.) es altamente demandado en el mercado internacional. Este estudio determinó el efecto en el crecimiento y la calidad fustal del Q. robur de varias asociaciones establecidas y manejadas mediante silvicultura con apego a la naturaleza en el fundo Miraflores (Lanco, Región de los Ríos, Chile), haciendo un muestreo de 200 árboles futuro por asociación (una pura y nueve mezclas diferentes). Los resultados indican que la proporción de árboles futuro es mayor en las asociaciones mixtas respecto a la pura; y que el crecimiento en altura y diámetro en la situación pura es mayor que en las mezclas analizadas. No obstante, lo anterior, no se recomienda la plantación pura, pues este manejo provoca una importante penetración de luz, que favorece el desarrollo de características que descalifican la calidad de madera, como la aparición de brotes epicórmicos. Se concluyó que las asociaciones más favorables para el desarrollo de Quercus robur incluyen arce (Acer pseudoplatanus) y castaño (Castanea sativa), seguida de pino oregón (Pseudotsuga mensiezii) y castaño.

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Alissandrakis, Eleftherios, Petros A. Tarantilis, Christos Pappas, Pashalis C. Harizanis, and Moshos Polissiou. "Investigation of organic extractives from unifloral chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) honeys and flowers to identification of botanical marker compounds." LWT - Food Science and Technology 44, no. 4 (May 2011): 1042–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.10.002.

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Maurel, Marion, Cécile Robin, Thierry Simonneau, Denis Loustau, Erwin Dreyer, and Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau. "Stomatal conductance and root-to-shoot signalling in chestnut saplings exposed to Phytophthora cinnamomi or partial soil drying." Functional Plant Biology 31, no. 1 (2004): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03133.

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Abstract:

The effects of root infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi on stomatal conductance in Castanea sativa L. saplings were investigated to determine the potential role of root-derived chemical signals. A split-root experiment was carried out, in which inoculation of the pathogen or drought was applied to the root systems in either one or both compartments. At the end of the experiment plant sap extracts were collected and their effects on stomatal conductance were determined by leaf bioassay. Inoculation or drought imposed in both compartments resulted in decreases in stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate, soil-to-leaf specific hydraulic conductance, leaf water potential, xylem [ABA] and root biomass, but not in the ratio of root-to-leaf mass in inoculated plants. Conversely, only gs and xylem [ABA] were affected in plants inoculated or droughted in one compartment, and no changes were detectable in leaf water potential and soil-to-leaf specific hydraulic conductance. The leaf bioassay showed that gs in chestnut was sensitive to ABA but not to Phytophthora elicitins. Stomatal conductance was reduced by some sap extracts, both from control and inoculated plants. Our results suggest the involvement of different signals, chemical and hydraulic, in regulating stomatal conductance of chestnut at different stages of stress.

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Chiocchio, Ilaria, Manuela Mandrone, Massimo Tacchini, Alessandra Guerrini, and Ferruccio Poli. "Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Bioactivities of Plant-Based By-Products in View of a Potential Reuse and Valorization." Plants 12, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040795.

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Wastes and by-products of plant origin are of particular interest to develop a circular economy approach, which attempts to turn them into resources. In this work, thirty-seven neglected plant matrices, including agricultural residues, pest plants, and by-products from the herbal and food industry were extracted and tested for their in vitro anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity against the phytopathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae ATCC 19310 and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskense ATCC 27822. Antioxidant activity ranged from 0.3 to 5 mg of Tr. eq/mL of plant extract, and extract of Castanea sativa pericarp (Csp), Rosa damascena buds (post-distillation) (Rod), and Prunus amygdalus exocarp and mesocarp (Pam) were the most powerful ones. Csp was also capable of inhibiting tyrosinase (IC50 = 16.5 µg/mL), as well as three distillation by-products, namely: Cupressus sempervirens (Css) (IC50 = 95.5 µg/mL), Salvia officinalis (Sco) (IC50 = 87.6 µg/mL), and Helichrysum italicum (Hei) (IC50 = 90.1 µg/mL). Five residues from distillation showed antibacterial activity against C. michiganensis (MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1 mg/mL), namely: Salvia sclarea L. (Sas), Salvia rosmarinus Schleid (Sar), Sco, Hei, and Css. The 1H NMR fingerprinting of the bioactive matrices was acquired, detecting primary and secondary metabolites (rosmarinic acid, shikimic acid, sclareol, and hydroxycinnamic acids).

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Lucas‐González, Raquel, Alba Roldán‐Verdu, Estrella Sayas‐Barberá, Juana Fernández‐López, José A. Pérez‐Álvarez, and Manuel Viuda‐Martos. "Assessment of emulsion gels formulated with chestnut ( Castanea sativa M.) flour and chia ( Salvia hispanica L) oil as partial fat replacers in pork burger formulation." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10138.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Castanea sativa L'

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