Relevant bibliographies by topics / CAST IRON PLATE

Academic literature on the topic 'CAST IRON PLATE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CAST IRON PLATE"

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Heckmann, C. J., W. Stets, and G. Wolf. "Plate Fracture of Nodular Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.367.

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Plate fracture is a defective fracture structure in nodular cast iron that can be found especially in the transition area of feeder, feeder neck and the cast part itself. It occurs rather spontaneously due to the fact that the exact reason for it is still unknown. The microstructure of the casting in the area of plate fracture comprises aligned graphite nodules in combination with a pronounced dendritic microstructure as characteristical features. A series of casting trials was performed in which plate like samples were produced. It could be shown by means of metallographic investigation of these samples in combination with the simulation of the solidification that specific local conditions during the solidification are the metallurgical reasons for the appearance of plate fracture. These specific conditions were the local temperature gradient and the velocity of the liquid/solid interface.
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Pedersen, Karl Martin, and Niels Tiedje. "Solidification of Hypereutectic Thin Wall Ductile Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.63.

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Hypereutectic ductile iron was cast in green sand moulds with four plates with thickness of 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mm in each mould. Temperatures were measured in the 3 and 4 mm plate. The temperature curves showed that eutectic solidification was divided into two stages: primary and secondary eutectic solidification. The first stage, which was relatively short, had none or very little recalescence. Further under cooling, followed by reheating during recalescence, was necessary to initiate the second part of the eutectic solidification. Both the secondary under cooling and recalescence was larger in the 3 mm plates than in the 4 mm plates. All 1.5 mm plates contained carbides but the other plates solidified without carbides. Metallographic examination showed two populations of graphite nodules. A small group of nodules was larger than rest of the nodules. Color etching revealing the segregation of Si showed a higher Si content in the ferrite around the larger nodules compared to the ferrite around the rest of the nodules. This indicates that solidification took place along the following path: The solidification starts with nucleation and growth of primary graphite nodules. This probably starts during the filling of the mould. The primary nodules act as nuclei for austenite. As austenite easily nucleates on graphite the temperature will be the same for the 3 and 4 mm plate for the first part of the eutectic solidification. This first part of the solidification ends when concentration of carbon around austenite dendrites is too large and new nodules have to nucleate and grow. The larger under cooling for the 3 mm plates compared to the 4 mm indicates that the nucleation of new nodules is governed by kinetics even in very well inoculated melts.
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Okpoghono, J., U. J. Omoriare, U. B. Igue, and A. A. Seigha. "Evaluation of Liver and Kidney Function Markers of Mature Albino Male Rats Fed with Maize-Plantain Pudding Delicacy Cooked in Metallic Plates and Edible Plant Leaves." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i4.17.

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Traditional maize-plantain puddings are usually cooked in diverse containers such as aluminium plates, cast iron plates and all types of edible plant leaves. This paper therefore, evaluates biochemical markers of liver and kidney function of mature albino male rats fed with maize-plantain pudding delicacy cooked in aluminium and cast iron plates and edible Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain) leaves using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained reveal that the activities of hepatic marker enzymes; alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and liver were significantly lower in rats given the pudding extracts when compared with the control. No significant differences were observed in urea and creatinine levels in the serum and kidney of rats given pudding extracts as compared to control. In conclusion, this study has proved that maize-plantain pudding organized using ginger leaves, plantain leaves and cast iron plate are beneficial in the maintenance and improvement of liver and kidney function when compared with aluminium plate. However, in this efficacy maize-plantain pudding cooked using ginger leaves was found to be more effective than the pudding cooked using plantain leaves and cast iron plate.
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Takita, Mitsuharu. "Microstructure and Properties of Cast Iron with Semi-Solid Process Using Cooling Plate Technique." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.79.

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Semi-solid metal processing with the cooling plate technique is one of the key technologies for producing advanced materials. The multitude of cast iron families with their wide range of mechanical properties, and relatively low costs combined with the advantage of semi-solid processing allow production of high quality cast components from cast iron. The effect of semi-solid processing using the cooling plate technique on the microstructure and the properties of cast iron is studied. The investigated material is hypo-eutectic, hyper-eutectic gray iron, compacted graphite and ductile cast iron. The results indicated that the microstructure (primary austenite and graphite) becomes finer and more globular by increasing the fraction of solid. The tensile strength of semi-solid processed cast iron is relatively high compared with ordinary cast iron. The values of both the tensile strength and the elongation depend on the fraction of solid. The total fracture strength is observed to depend on the graphite morphology as well as the matrix contribution that mainly depends on fraction of solid. The wear resistance and damping capacity of cast iron were investigated as a function of the relative amount of primary fraction of solid.
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Liu, Jiang, and Jun Fu. "Toughening Study on High Chromium Cast Iron Liner Plates of HZS Series Commercial Concrete Mixing Plant." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1338.

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Because of high wear resistance and low cost, high chromium cast iron liner plate is the most commonly used liner for HZS series concrete mixing station at present. However, in normal operation, the high-chromium cast iron liner produced by conventional casting process is easy to crack at its corners. We found that the cracking reasons of this type of liner plate are mainly the lower cast impact toughness, slightly higher hardness, and there has not gotten a good matching between the hard particles and the matrix organizations. Thus we used the secondary heat treatment to slightly reduce the hardness and increase the impact toughness of cast iron liner plate, which can improve the wear resistance and impact resistance of the liner material to extend the service life of these cast iron liners.
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Shim, Sung Yong, Hwan Goo Seong, Jin Ho Jeong, and Su Gun Lim. "Application of Inclined Cooling Plate to Fabrication of Semi-Solid Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.195.

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The influence of angles of inclined cooling plate on cast structure and mechanical properties of cast iron was investigated experimentally in 3.1 wt.% C containing hypoeutectic semisolid cast irons fabricated by flowing the molten melt over the inclined cooling plate and pouring into a preheated permanent mold. The variables used in this study were angles of the cooling plate (5 ~ 15 deg) and the mold temperatures (500~700 deg). The microstructure of resultant specimens were characterized by measuring grain sizes of primary austenite and its solid fraction, using an optical microscope equipped with a digital image analyzer. It was shown that the spherical-like austenite (1.4 aspect ratio) was formed at the cast iron specimens prepared in employing a 10 deg angle of the inclined cooling plate. This was ascribed to the relative extent of duration time of the flowing melt which determine the solidification rate of the melt. The peak hardness and impact values were achieved in the semi-solid cast iron specimen with relatively more spherical austenite. The measured values were approximately 44HRC and 1.71 J/cm2.
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Kataria, Prashant Singh. "Analysis of Friction Disc of Single Plate Clutch by using Ansys." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44442.

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Abstract: A Clutch is a machine member used to connect the driving shaft to a driven shaft, so that the driven shaft may be started or stopped at will, without stopping the driving shaft. A clutch thus provides an interruptible connection between two rotating shafts. The present used material for friction disc is Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite etc . In this thesis analysis is performed using C45 and Sialons materials. These materials are considered due to their Specific Properties. In this thesis C45 and Sialons materials are taken. A single plate clutch is designed and modeled using SpaceClaim in Ansys software. Static analysis is done on the clutch to determine stresses and deformations using materials Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite, C45 and Sialons. Analysis is done in Ansys. Theoretical calculations are also done to determine stresses.
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Komarov, O. S., E. V. Rozenberg, and K. E. Baranowski. "COMPLEX MODIFICATION OF GRAY CAST IRON." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-1-16-20.

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The influence of the complex modifier by chemical – active and surface-active additives of gray cast iron on the size of chill and on the width of molted iron zone was researched. The width of a chill zone and molted iron zones were measured at chank ends of various diameter cores. The cores were casted on a massive steel plate and also in standard chill tests. It was established that additional adding of surface-active bismuth in structure of various graphitizing modifiers promoted to reduce the width a chill zone and molted iron zones. It was established that the complex modifiers consisting of chemical – active and surfaceactive components are effective in fight with chill in cast iron castings and can be recommended for application in foundry shops of the entities of a machine-building profile for production of high-quality castings.
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Kataria, Prashant Singh, Ruchika Saini, and U. K. Joshi. "Analysis of Friction Disc of Single Plate Clutch by using Ansys: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 3014–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41973.

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Abstract: A Clutch is a machine member used to connect the driving shaft to a driven shaft, so that the driven shaft may be started or stopped at will, without stopping the driving shaft. A clutch thus provides an interruptible connection between two rotating shafts. The present used material for friction disc is Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite etc . In this thesis analysis is performed using C45 and Sialons materials. These materials are considered due to their Specific Properties. In this thesis C45 and Sialons materials are taken. A single plate clutch is designed and modeled using SpaceClaim in Ansys software. Static analysis is done on the clutch to determine stresses and deformations using materials Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite, C45 and Sialons. Analysis is done in Ansys. Theoretical calculations are also done to determine stresses. Keywords: Clutch, Friction Disc, Static Analysis, Ansys, SpaceClaim.
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Zhou Yijun, 周益军, 张永康 Zhang Yongkang, 游文明 You Wenming, and 尹晨 Yin Chen. "Forming of Brittle Nodular Cast Iron Plate by Laser Thermal Stress." Chinese Journal of Lasers 35, no. 6 (2008): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20083506.0937.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CAST IRON PLATE"

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Шевчун, Дмитро Юрійович. "Ливарний комплекс машинобудівного заводу з розробленням технологій виготовлення виливків різними способами лиття." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/42993.

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Дисертація складається з: 115 стор.;11 рис.; 21 табл.; 25 посилань. У проекті проектується ливарний цех потужністю 1000 тонн придатних виливків на рік із такого металу як сплави марок 20Л 25Л 35Л та 40ХЛ. Розробляється технологічний процес виготовлення виливка «Колесо» масою 410 кг з металу марки 35Л та другого виливка «Кришка» масою 0,9 кг з металу марки 25Л. Результати проектування – розроблена технологія виливку «Колесо» литтям у разові піщано-глинясті форми та технологія виливку «Кришка» литтям за моделями, що витоплюються. Виконано технічне планування відділення ливарного цеху та ливарного устаткування. При проектуванні відділеннь проведено аналіз необхідності устаткування, виконано розрахунок організаційних та економічних чинників, результатом яких є обчислення заробітної плати робітників(основних та допоміжних), витрати на амортизацію устаткування та енергетичні ресурси, що застосовуються для прискорення виробничого процесу. Згідно нормативних документів враховано всі заходи щодо безпеки життєдіяльності працівників та приділено увагу до збереження екологічності навколишнього середовища, за допомогою встановлення запобігаючих засобів біля устаткування та встановлення притяжних витяжок в конструкції будівлі та безпосередньо у відділенні фінішних операцій.
The dissertation consists of: 115 pages; 11 figs .; 21 tables; 25 links. The project envisages a foundry with a capacity of 1000 tons of suitable castings per year from such metal as alloys of grades 20L 25L 35L and 40HL. The technological process of making the casting "Wheel" weighing 410 kg from 35L metal and the second casting "Cover" weighing 0.9 kg from 25L metal is being developed. The results of the design – the technology of casting "Wheel" by casting in disposable sand-clay molds and the technology of casting "Cover" by casting on melted models. The technical planning of the foundry department and foundry equipment was performed. When designing the departments, an analysis of the need for equipment, the calculation of organizational and economic factors, the result of which is the calculation of wages (basic and auxiliary), depreciation costs of equipment and energy resources used to accelerate the production process. According to the regulations, all measures for the safety of life of employees are taken into account and attention is paid to preserving the environmental friendliness of the environment by installing precautions near the equipment and installing hoods in the building structure and directly in the finishing department.
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THAKUR, RANJEET KUMAR. "TRIBOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MILD STEEL PINS OF DIFFERENT CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA WITH CAST IRON PLATE." Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/17196.

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Mechanical, electromechanical and biological systems are used in every engineering application and it has been noted that the substantial amount of energy is consumed in overcoming friction between the mating surfaces of these systems. Wear of parts or components results in resource wastage and unnecessary heat generation. A huge amount has been spent till date to cover for friction and wear losses. The study of tribological properties (i.e., friction, wear and lubricants) has gained significance in the recent years as an effort for the development of new material to reduce the frictional losses. Tribological study has of utmost importance for many systems which depends on wear and friction values. There could be enormous amount savings by improved tribological practices over the system. The experimental study of tribological characteristics contains study of friction and rate of wear of tribopair for which experiment was carried in lubricated conditions at different temperatures. The high temperature Rotary Tribometer was applied for determination of coefficient of friction and rate of wear at interface of tribopair. From the results so obtained after experiment, it was found that the wear rate initially had high value of 7 x 10-6 mm3/Nm and then decreased to a stable value of 2 x 10-6 mm3/Nm. The coefficient of friction initially had value of 0.14 which then decreased to a stable value of 0.04 after having attained constant relative speed of tribopair.
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Books on the topic "CAST IRON PLATE"

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Mercer, Henry C. Bible in Iron: Or the Pictured Stoves and Stove Plates of the Pennsylvania Germans. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014.

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Gardner, Colin. Chaoid Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474494021.001.0001.

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The book expands on a burgeoning area in contemporary film studies that explores absences and interstices such as black and white screens that interrupt the film narrative in order to explore buried or hidden philosophical and affective layers that, once revealed, will radically change our reading of the film. In this case I explore silences in the soundtrack – not ambient silence or so-called ‘room tone’ but complete sound drop-outs, as if the film projector had broken down, thereby jolting the audience out of their passive relationship to the screen so that they become aware of their surroundings and the material apparatus of film as a mechanical device. The book uses a chronological case study approach so that these dislocations can be analyzed in a wide variety of contexts, ranging from early sound film in Weimar Germany to the post-war French avant-garde, the student and worker uprisings of May ’68, Cinema Nôvo in Brazil and post-revolutionary cinema in Iran. The main conceptual underpinning of the book is Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of Chaoids, which are various organizations of chaos through the different disciplines of science, philosophy and art. In this case I use silence to pursue a variety of vectors that open up the surface plane of art (in this case cinema) to discover different philosophical (and by extension, political) singularities and multiplicities.
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Book chapters on the topic "CAST IRON PLATE"

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Hop, Jørund, Inge Arild Vee, Per Johnny Teigen, Vidar Hjelle, Bjarte Øye, and Grzegorz Stefanski. "Plate Yokes. Anode Assemblies Without Cast Iron." In Light Metals 2022, 875–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_115.

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Shim, Sung Yong, Hwan Goo Seong, Jin Ho Jeong, and Su Gun Lim. "Application of Inclined Cooling Plate to Fabrication of Semi-Solid Cast Iron." In Materials Science Forum, 195–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-431-6.195.

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Maleki, Ali, Najmoddin Yazdi, Milad Jalalvand, and Seyed Reza Tabibzade. "When Smartness of a Participatory Learning Ecosystem Should Not Be Interpreted as Mediation by Technology: Case-Study of Golbaf Town, Iran." In The Interplay of Data, Technology, Place and People for Smart Learning, 23–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92022-1_3.

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Woo, Seongwoo, Dennis L. O'Neal, and Yimer Mohammed Hassen. "Study on Reliability Design of the Domestic Compressor Subjected to Repetitive Internal Stresses by Parametric Accelerated Life Testing." In Applications of Nature-Inspired Computing in Renewable Energy Systems, 241–66. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8561-0.ch012.

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This chapter explains the parametric accelerated life testing (ALT) to recognize design defects in mechanical products. A life-stress model and a sample size formulation are suggested. A compressor is used to demonstrate this method. Compressors were failing in the field. At the first ALT, the compressor failed due to a fractured suction reed valve. The failure modes were similar to those valves returned from the field. The fatigue of the suction reed valves came from an overlap between the suction reed valve and the valve plate. The problematic design was modified by the trespan dimensions, tumbling process, a ball peening, and brushing process for the valve plate. At the second ALT, the compressor locked due to the intrusion between the crankshaft and thrust washer. The corrective action plan performed the heat treatment to the exterior of the crankshaft made of cast iron. After the design modifications, there were no troubles during the third ALT. The lifetime of compressor was secured to have a B1 life 10 years.
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Allison, Penelope M. "Casa degli Amanti Supplement." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263127.003.0026.

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The following artefacts have been mounted for display on a board which in 2001 was hanging on the south wall of the peristyle garden of this house (Plate 125.1) i. Dimensions: 75 mm × 80 mm × 30 mm. Description: Iron lock case. In each corner is an iron attachment nail with sub-hemispherical head (diam.: c.13 mm). Traces of a keyhole. Present location: Casa degli Amanti, wooden board (middle row, right). ii. Dimensions: 85 mm × 77 mm × 25 mm. Description: Iron lock case with a flat-head, iron attachment nail (diam.: c.20 mm) in each corner. L-shaped keyhole (max. l.: 23 mm). Rectangular slit (c.3 mm × 25 mm) near one edge. Present location: Casa degli Amanti, wooden board (middle row, second right). Discussion: Both similar to cat. no. 1935. Possibly cat. nos. 1826 and 1859. See discussion on locks and keys. i. Dimensions: preserved l. of blade: c.170 mm; max. w.: c.75 mm; max. thickness: c.15 mm. Description: Curved axe blade with one side convex and the other concave. Poll badly corroded. Present location: Casa degli Amanti, wooden board (top row, left). ii. Dimensions: preserved l. of blade: c.190 mm; max. w.: c.75 mm; dimensions of poll: 55 mm × 40 mm. Description: Curved axe blade with one side convex and the other concave. Circular eye (diam.: c.30 mm) with the remains of a wooden handle. Present location: Casa degli Amanti, wooden board (top row, second from left). iii. Dimensions: preserved l. of blade: c.175 mm; max. w.: c.50 mm; poll: 55 mm × 40 mm. Description: Curved axe blade with one side convex and the other concave. Circular eye (diam.: c.30 mm). Poll badly damaged. Present location: Casa degli Amanti, wooden board (top row, third from left). Discussion: These axes are Manning type 4 (1985: 16). Possibly cat. nos. 1780 and 1781. See discussion on axes. i. Dimensions: total l.: c.210 mm; max. w. of blade: c.55 mm; max. thickness: 15 mm. Description: approximately right-angled blade. Present location: Casa degli Amanti, wooden board (second row, left). ii. Dimensions: total l.: c.215 mm; max. w. of blade: c.60 mm; max. thickness: 10 mm.
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Hošek, Jiří. "Omówienie wyników badań metalograficznych znalezisk z Lubrzy / Discussion of results metallographic examination of finds from Lubrza." In Castrum Lubenov. Tragiczne dzieje średniowiecznej wieży w Lubrzy / Castrum Lubenov. The tragic history of the medieval tower in Lubrza, 285–301. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo; Muzeum Archeologiczne Środkowego Nadodrza, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/lubenov2022.14.

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This chapter follows up on the results of the archaeometric survey of selected metal objects from Lubrza, discussing the applied manufacturing techniques within the given categories of artefacts, and attempts to assess both the methods and level of processing of these finds in the broader context of the manufacturing traditions of the time. The five copper alloy objects analysed by XRF were made from sheet metal, which was in the 13th and 14th centuries commonly made from brass and red brass. This corresponds to a small set of finds from Lubrza, where three objects were made of brass (strap mount, belt mount, belt end), one of red brass (belt mount) and one of copper (chape). The manufacturing techniques of these objects were customary at the time: cutting or stamping the required shape, punching holes, riveting, forming in a die, trimming and aligning or smoothing by grinding, filing etc. A total of ten iron objects were examined metallographically. An axe-head has a steel edge welded onto the iron body of the blade. The same applies to a knife and a sickle. In the case of the axe-head and knife, this represents the most common way to manufacture such objects in the 13th and 14th centuries. Sickles were also commonly produced this way, although carburised specimens are also encountered with the same frequency. Two heads of crossbow bolts were examined. One of them was forged from phosphoric iron, and the other was forged from a heterogeneous metal containing phosphoric iron as well. Bolt heads made of plain iron or heterogeneous metal (with steel) are the most common, but the finds from Lubrza cannot be considered completely non-standard specimens. A spike head combines steel and phosphoric iron, but it is difficult to make any comparison, as this category of weapons has not been studied so far. A horseshoe was made of phosphoric iron, which was not the most common solution. This raises the question whether the choice of the material was intentional. In the case of a spur and a stirrup, the use of phosphorus-rich iron can be considered a standard approach, since the material for these objects was apparently not subject to any specific selection. Finally, plate of a coat-of-plates armour, also made of phosphoric iron, can be considered uncommon compared to other corresponding segments of armours of that period. What we clearly see at Lubrza is the almost systematic use of phosphoric iron, even in cases where iron (or unsorted material with a predominance of iron) with none or low phosphorus content was otherwise commonly used (the axe-head, knife, sickle, armour plate). The reason for this could be a shortage of phosphorus-free iron. However, this greatly complicates considerations about the deliberate use of phosphoric iron for objects such as bolt heads or horseshoes.
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Nothnagel, R., F. Rostásy, and U. Neubauer. "Strengthening of historic cast iron girders with bonded CFRP plates." In FRP Composites in Civil Engineering - CICE 2004, 725–31. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203970850.ch81.

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Reid, Peter H. "Trial Day Two." In Every Hill a Burial Place, 153–57. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179988.003.0022.

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At the opening of the session, the judge informs counsel that the court might call its own expert witnesses if deemed necessary. He also asks the prosecution and defense to agree on medical sources that the judge and the assessors may consult. Inspector Martin Kifunta, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) officer in charge of the investigation, testifies. He presents the entire chain of events, including his arrival at Impala Hill, the evidence found at the scene—iron bar and bloody rocks —as well as his search of the Kinsey home and the evidence found there—the diary and other tools. His examination by the prosecutor is set forth in some detail to demonstrate how the prosecution plans to prove its case.
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Lombardini, John. "Plato and Socratic Eirōneia." In Politics of Socratic Humor, 47–92. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291034.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on Plato’s use of the term eirōneia and its cognates. After illustrating what was at stake in attributing the practice of eirōneia to Socrates, the remainder of the chapter details how Plato’s limited use of the term illustrates the ambiguity surrounding the nature and purpose of Socratic irony more generally. By framing the accusations of eirōneia made against Socrates by Thrasymachus, Callicles, and Alcibiades in an ironic light, Plato casts doubt on whether Socrates really was an eirōn. While the association of eirōneia with the sophists appears to reinforce this doubt, the difficulties involved in distinguishing Socratic philosophy from sophistry indicates how the question of whether Socrates was an eirōn is closely bound up with the question of whether he was a sophist and/or engaged in sophistic practices. Unpacking the epistemological and ontological issues involved in answering the latter question illustrates why the Socratic practice of irony elicits such varied responses among Socrates’s interlocutors. Rather than dismissing the accusations of Thrasymachus, Callicles, and Alcibiades as simply mistaken, this analysis indicates how they might reflect Socrates’s attempt to implicitly claim authority for himself through his practice of the elenchus.
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Gordon, Robert B. "Retreat from Progress." In A Landscape Transformed. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128185.003.0011.

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Salisbury ironmakers throve by selling wrought iron rather then cast iron through the first half of the nineteenth century. Their finery forges and puddling works converted nearly all of the pig produced by the district’s furnaces to bar iron or forged products. However, by the 1860s, when the district’s ironmasters were smelting up to 11,800 tons of pig iron per year, they converted little of it to wrought iron. The demise of the forges left just one principal product, cast iron used mainly for railroad car wheels. Milo Barnum and Leonard Richardson had started making railroad castings in 1840. When Milo Barnum retired in 1852, his son W. H. Barnum took his place in the partnership with Richardson. The partners expanded the business by acquiring the Beckley and Forbes furnaces in 1858 and 1862, respectively, from the Adam family in East Canaan. Upon Leonard Richardson’s death, Barnum and the Richardson heirs reconstituted the business as the Barnum-Richardson Company, the firm that gradually gained control of all mines and blast furnaces in the northwest, except for the Kent furnace. A new railway facilitated the Barnum-Richardson operations. Dedicated residents of the northwest, in the face of much skepticism, raised the capital needed to build the Connecticut Western Railroad from Hartford to State Line, where it joined with the Dutchess & Columbia line running to Beacon, New York. Salisbury residents eagerly awaited its 1871 completion: they wanted to be rid of the heavy ore wagons that kept their roads a rness passing from Ore Hill to the furnaces in East Canaan. The Connecticut Western passed through Winsted, traversed difficult terrain in Norfolk, and crossed the Housatonic Railroad at Canaan, where the two companies built a handsome union station . Railroad enthusiasm also led residents in the northwest to propose impractical schemes. The Shepaug Railroad had been completed in 1872 from Danbury to Litchfield. A correspondent writing to the Connecticut Western News that year proposed extension into the Salisbury district.
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Conference papers on the topic "CAST IRON PLATE"

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Safonov, E. N., and M. V. Mironova. "Features of structure formation during surface quenching of cast iron with plate graphite." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING AND METALLURGY (ICIMM 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0074741.

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Tada, Naoya, and Takeshi Uemori. "Dimensional Changes of Graphite Flakes and Fracture in Tensile Tests of Gray Cast Iron." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85124.

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Gray cast iron has been used as a component in various mechanical parts, such as the blocks and heads of automobile and marine engines, cylinder liners for internal combustion engines, and machine tool bases. It is desirable because of its good castability and machinability, damping characteristics, and high ratio of performance to cost. On the other hand, the weak graphite flakes present in gray cast iron act as stress concentrators and negatively affect the strength of this material. It is therefore important to know the relationship between the distribution of graphite flakes and the strength or fracture of gray cast iron. In this study, a tensile test of gray cast iron was carried out using a plate specimen in a scanning electron microscope, and the microscopic deformation was observed on the surface of specimen. Particularly, the change in the size of graphite flakes during the tensile test was examined, and the observed trend was discussed. We found from the experimental results that the dimensional changes in the graphite flakes varied in the observed area, and that the final fracture occurred in an area where a relatively large dimensional change was observed. This suggests that the fracture location or the critical parts of gray cast iron, can be predictable from the dimensional changes of the graphite flakes at an early stage of deformation.
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Neville, Anne, Tabassamul Haque, and Ardian Morina. "Tribochemical Interactions of Moly Dimer and ZDDP Additives With CrN Coating and Bearing Steel While Sliding Against Cast Iron in Boundary Lubrication Conditions." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44312.

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In recent years, use of low friction non-ferrous coatings under boundary lubrication condition has become a challenge to meet the increasing demand of fuel economy in automotive applications. In this study, chromium nitride (CrN) was chosen as a non-ferrous coating and experiments were performed in a pin-on-plate reciprocating tribotester to produce the tribofilm. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to record high resolution topographical images while chemical analysis of the tribofilm was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both AFM and XPS analyses give evidence of the formation of ZDDP and Moly Dimer derived tribofilm. This paper will also focus on the synergistic or antagonistic effect of ZDDP with Moly Dimer additive in the tribological performance of CrN coating.
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Abou-Ziyan, H. Z., M. S. Radwan, M. M. Swidan, and T. A. Ibrahim. "Effect of Jet Characteristics on Heat Transfer by Impingement of Submerged-Confined Water Jet." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0598.

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Abstract Single phase forced convection and subcooled flow boiling due to impingement of confined submerged, fully turbulent liquid jet are experimentally investigated at atmospheric pressure. Heat transfer measurements are made along a uniformly heated surface onto which a jet is impinged orthogonal or at angles of inclination upstream into the cross flow. The experiments are performed at heat fluxes of 80–700 kW/m2, for cast iron and cast steel stabilized surfaces. The experimental parameters used in this investigation include: fluid temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 90°C), jet velocities (1, 2, and 3 m/sec), jet diameters (4.6, 8.6, and 10 mm), jet inclination angles (46°, 59°, and 90°), dimensionless nozzle-to-plate spacing distances, x/L (0.25, 0.5 and 1) with the duct heights, L of 10, 30 and 40 mm which provide confined walls aspect ratios (height/width) of 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. Such conditions explore the effect of jet characteristics on cooling of engine cylinder heads by water impinging technique. The results revealed that the heat flux is enhanced with degree of subcooling, flow velocity, jet diameter, jet inclination angle and confined wall aspect ratio. Correlations of forced convection, incipient boiling, partial subcooled flow boiling and fully developed subcooled boiling are obtained. These correlations are useful in designing the cooling system of the critical areas which cooled by jet impinging technique. The results showed that this technique can save 50% to 92% of the required cooling water when compared with the classical cooling technique.
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Casini, G., S. Homke, J. C. Embry, T. L. Scarrott, I. Romaire, N. Fernandez, D. W. Hunt, et al. "Reservoir Modelling from Interpretation of 3D Virtual Outcrops & Field Data - A Case Study from the Upper Sarvak Fm, Chenareh Gorge, Lurestan, Iran." In Second Arabian Plate Geology Workshop 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145637.

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Noohi, Sahar, and Manijeh Hadian-Dehkordi. "A TECHNICAL STUDY OF RED PAINTS IN THE RETOUCHING LAYER OF SOME WET-COLLODION GLASS PLATE NEGATIVES OF GOLESTAN PALACE PHOTO ARCHIVE." In RECH6 - 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rech6.2021.13624.

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This study presents a part of a research project on retouching wet Collodion and dry gelatine glass plate negatives from Golestan Palace photo archive in Tehran, Iran, dating from the mid-19th century. The collection belongs to Qajar era. This is a case study on the use of red paint in retouching wet collodion glass plate negatives and aims to help the understanding of retouching material and their application. Red paints in four retouched negatives, and also their binder, identified in this study by means of, micro Fourier transform infrared (µ-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and stereo microscopy technique. Elemental analysis performed with (SEM-EDS) revealed the presence of Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) elements in the paint. Thus, red Iron & red Lead pigments were identified as the red paints. The results confirmed by micro Fourier transform infrared (µ-FTIR), and a natural resin (probably gum Arabic) is identified as the binder of all paints as well. Red Lead, is realized as a paint to cover the boundaries, create more brightness, and as a binder to adhere masking papers, to the intended areas. Red Iron, is also found as a paint to correct emulsion defects and, make a perfectly clear and clean sky or background. Apparently, all these choices have been made consciously. It is believed that this study will contribute much to better understanding of retouching materials and the need to preserve them.
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Oechsner, M., T. Engler, J. Ellermeier, B. Heider, U. Reisgen, R. Sharma, E. Zokoll, and E. González Olivares. "Improvement of Wear Resistance by Thermal Spraying on Surface Layers Prepared by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding on Gray Cast Iron Components." In ITSC2019, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Koivuluoto, Y. Lau, H. Li, K. Shinoda, F. Toma, J. Veilleux, and C. Widener. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0701.

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Abstract This study evaluates the erosion-corrosion performance of thermal spray hardcoats on bronze-coated gray cast iron. In the experiments, gray cast iron plates are coated with a bronze powder by PTA welding and the coatings are characterized based on microstructure and corrosion and wear testing. The bronze coatings provide good corrosion protection, but are shown to be susceptible to cavitation and erosion wear. To compensate, thermal spray hardcoats, including atmospheric plasma sprayed Al2O3 and Cr2O3 and HVOF sprayed WC-Co, were applied over bronze-coated cast iron and corrosion and wear tests were performed. It is shown that the thermal spray hardcoats greatly improve wear resistance, but despite their interconnected porosities, do not affect the corrosion performance of the underlying bronze.
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Akamatsu, Shinsuke, Hironobu Tobinaga, Kunihiro Oshima‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌, and Norihiro Nohara. "Development of ductile cast-iron bridge slabs for onsite replacement." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1504.

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<p>Most of the road bridges in Japan were constructed in the 1960s and 1970s, and many of them have been in service for more than 50 years. The reinforced concrete slabs of such bridges have been damaged and deteriorated by heavy traffic. Although these slabs have already been reinforced with steel plates, they have deteriorated further and need to be replaced.</p><p>The renewal of reinforced concrete slabs leads to increase of dead load, the fatigue damage at welds has not been completely solved in the case of steel slabs, and the social loss due to long-term road closures at the renewal construction of the slabs on urban highways. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an alternative slab that is lighter in dead weight, has good fatigue resistance, and can be installed rapidly.</p><p>The proposed slabs in this paper are made of ductile cast-iron instead of mild steel. Ductile cast-iron bridge deck can be light-weighted like mild steel, can show high fatigue resistance with improved residual stress and detail by integrally forming into complex shapes, and can be rapidly installed to the existing bridges by bolts.</p><p>The Hanshin Expressway has been conducting research and development for the practical application of ductile cast-iron slabs. This paper will introduce a ductile cast-iron deck, and will shows the study results of the details of the slab panels, the slab-to-slab connection method, and the slab-to-girder connection method.</p>
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Akamatsu, Shinsuke, Hironobu Tobinaga, Kunihiro Oshima‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌, and Norihiro Nohara. "Development of ductile cast-iron bridge slabs for onsite replacement." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1504.

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<p>Most of the road bridges in Japan were constructed in the 1960s and 1970s, and many of them have been in service for more than 50 years. The reinforced concrete slabs of such bridges have been damaged and deteriorated by heavy traffic. Although these slabs have already been reinforced with steel plates, they have deteriorated further and need to be replaced.</p><p>The renewal of reinforced concrete slabs leads to increase of dead load, the fatigue damage at welds has not been completely solved in the case of steel slabs, and the social loss due to long-term road closures at the renewal construction of the slabs on urban highways. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an alternative slab that is lighter in dead weight, has good fatigue resistance, and can be installed rapidly.</p><p>The proposed slabs in this paper are made of ductile cast-iron instead of mild steel. Ductile cast-iron bridge deck can be light-weighted like mild steel, can show high fatigue resistance with improved residual stress and detail by integrally forming into complex shapes, and can be rapidly installed to the existing bridges by bolts.</p><p>The Hanshin Expressway has been conducting research and development for the practical application of ductile cast-iron slabs. This paper will introduce a ductile cast-iron deck, and will shows the study results of the details of the slab panels, the slab-to-slab connection method, and the slab-to-girder connection method.</p>
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10

Elliott, Ron, Steve Szilard, and Gunther Prattinger. "Use of Robotic Technology for Cast Iron Pipeline Repair." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-169.

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Prior to the introduction of plastic pipe many gas utilities used cast iron to build their gas distribution network. Currently, there is approximately forty thousand kilometres of cast iron pipe in service in North America and a further two hundred thousand kilometres in Europe. Mostly found in dense urban locations, the cost of replacing these systems can be significantly high, such that extending the life of these systems is now a common strategy. The main problem has been leakage from bell and spigot joints caused by road vibration, freeze/thaw cycles of the ground, and the swelling and drying of clay soils. Repair technologies have evolved from mechanical joint clamps, to elastomeric seals, to shrink sleeves, to encapsulants and finally to anaerobics. The most advanced of these technologies involve the use of anaerobic sealants which are injected into the jute packing by drilling into the pipe bells. These sealants have been studied at Cornell University for longevity, and are predicted to withstand many years of service. The use of anaerobics has been adapted to work with robotics that allows the injection to take place from the inside of the pipeline while the gas main is in operation. This technology allows 24 joints to be sealed from a single excavation. The robot is a tethered electro-mechanical device that allows visual location of the joint, internal drilling into the jute packing, and injection of the sealant. A semi-rigid umbilical cable contains the electrical, hydraulic, and communication lines, and a unique drive mechanism that allows for remote operation and positioning. The development of this prototype technology was conducted by Engineering Services Inc. (ESI) of Toronto at the request of Enbridge Consumers Gas and was co-funded by Consolidated Edison of New York. Over 2000 joints have been successfully sealed in the last two years and the system is expected to be commercially available within the next year. Internal robotic repair of live mains is an industry first and has the potential to significantly reduce both costs and disruption of road excavations in urban areas.
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Reports on the topic "CAST IRON PLATE"

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Thornell, Travis, Charles Weiss, Sarah Williams, Jennifer Jefcoat, Zackery McClelland, Todd Rushing, and Robert Moser. Magnetorheological composite materials (MRCMs) for instant and adaptable structural control. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38721.

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Magnetic responsive materials can be used in a variety of applications. For structural applications, the ability to create tunable moduli from relatively soft materials with applied electromagnetic stimuli can be advantageous for light-weight protection. This study investigated magnetorheological composite materials involving carbonyl iron particles (CIP) embedded into two different systems. The first material system was a model cementitious system of CIP and kaolinite clay dispersed in mineral oil. The magnetorheological behaviors were investigated by using parallel plates with an attached magnetic accessory to evaluate deformations up to 1 T. The yield stress of these slurries was measured by using rotational and oscillatory experiments and was found to be controllable based on CIP loading and magnetic field strength with yield stresses ranging from 10 to 104 Pa. The second material system utilized a polystyrene-butadiene rubber solvent-cast films with CIP embedded. The flexible matrix can stiffen and become rigid when an external field is applied. For CIP loadings of 8% and 17% vol %, the storage modulus response for each loading stiffened by 22% and 74%, respectively.
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Focusing on Multiple Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy: Second Edition. Sight and Life, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.52439/uznq4230.

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Despite marked progress in improving nutrition and health globally, micronutrient deficiencies remain prevalent in low and middle income countries (LMIC), especially among pregnant women with far-reaching consequences for mother and baby including preterm birth, stillbirth or neonatal death, impaired fetal growth. Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) taken during pregnancy provide 15 vitamins and minerals to fill the dietary gaps often present in LMIC and the increased nutrient needs of pregnancy. Crucially, MMS provide benefits far beyond those of traditional iron and folic acid supplements (IFA) – prompting the World Health Organization to add the UNIMMAP (United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation) MMS formulation to its Essential Medicines List (EML) in 2021. The Sight and Life Special Report, Focusing on Multiple Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy: Second Edition puts forth a compelling case that maintaining the status quo of IFA supplementation is no longer possible when so many stand to benefit from MMS, and demonstrates the benefits and process of switching to MMS. The report compiles the latest evidence, country case studies, and resources in a single place to support implementers and country governments in introducing and scaling-up MMS.
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