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James, Ryan Douglas. "Modeling Riverboat Casino Customer Behavior in the Cincinnati Market." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186079482.
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Choquette, Carolyne. "Evaluating management practices to limit phosphorus losses from agricultural fields in the Castor watershed using the WEND model." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81612.
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The objective of this study was to apply the WEND model, a nutrient mass balance model, to the Castor watershed in southern Quebec to evaluate phosphorus movement, storage and export over time. The WEND model was customized to run on a field-scale and then individually applied to 266 fields on the watershed for a 30-year simulation period. Field-specific information for the period of 1997-1999, was used as basic inputs to the model. Climatic information was obtained from local sources. The additional information required to run the model was derived from the literature. Model outputs were analysed at three different levels: (i) the overall watershed impacts, (ii) by cropping system, and (iii) for field management practices presenting a high risk of P losses. Specific outputs examined were: soil test Mehlich-III P, soil P saturation with aluminium, RUSLE soil loss potential and TP export.The model was used to examine the impacts of crop rotations, fertilizer application and tillage management on TP export. For the Castor watershed, the soil test P increased at a mean rate of 3.71 kg Mehlich-III P ha -1 yr-1, equivalent to a mean input of about 32 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1 in excess of plant requirements, assuming current field management practices remain constant.
If TP export is considered the most important parameter in terms of P contamination, crop rotations are a good alternative to continuous corn monocropping under which losses could reach as high as 3.36 kg TP ha-1 yr -1. Crop rotations were shown to be an important management practice that should be more carefully examined when establishing field management practices. Just one year of grassland within a rotation can greatly improve the overall environmental health of a watershed. The management of P inputs is also an important target for improvement, as fertiliser inputs often surpassed plant requirements by two- or three-fold.
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Phillips, WooMi Jo. "Senior casino motivation and gaming intention : an extended theory of planned behavior model." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1124.
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Mshayisa, Vusi Vincent. "Antioxidant effects of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from glucose-casein model systems." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2505.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.The Maillard reaction (MR) involves the condensation reaction between amino acids or proteins with reducing sugars, which occurs commonly in food processing and storage. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared from glucose-casein model system at pH 8, heated at 60, 75 and 90°C for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Browning intensity (BI) of MRPs, as monitored by absorbance at 420 nm increased with an increase in reaction temperature. The reducing power (RP) of MRPs increased (p < 0.05) as the reaction time increased at 60 and 75°C, while at 90°C an increase in RP was observed from 6 to 12 h and thereafter a slight decrease was observed up to 24 h. The 2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity (ABTS-RS) and Peroxyl radical scavenging (PRS) activity of glucose-casein MRPs produced at 90°C decreased as the reaction time increased. In this study, the ferrous chelation activity of MRPs was higher than that of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) (0.02%) and Trolox (1 mM), respectively. Moreover, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radical scavenging (DPPH-RS) of MRPs increased (p < 0.05) as the reaction time increased irrespective of the heating temperature. The primary and secondary lipid oxidation products were measured using the Peroxide value (PV) and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs) assay in sunflower oil-in-water emulsion, respectively. MRPs derived at 90°C for 12 h had the lowest peroxide value, while the TBARs inhibitory by MRPs ranged from 39.05 – 88.66%. Glucose-casein MRPs displayed superior antioxidant activity than TBHQ (0.02%) and Trolox (1 mM), respectively, as measured by the TBARs assay. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Rancimat techniques set at 110°C were used to evaluate the oxidative stability the lipid-rich media containing MRPs. At the same temperature program, DSC gave significantly lower reduction times than the Rancimat. Furosine (N-ε-Fructosyl-lysine) and Pyrraline (2-amino-6-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1-pyrrolyl)-hexanoic acid) were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography to evaluate the extent of the MR. Furosine concentration of glucose-casein MRPs ranged between 0.44 – 1.075 mg.L-1 in MRPs derived at 60°C, while at 75°C an increase as function of time was observed. MRPs derived at 60 and 75°C exhibited a varied concentration of pyrraline as the reaction time increased with higher temperatures resulted in higher concentrations (0.39 mg.L-1). The results of this study clearly indicated that MRPs possess antioxidant activity and can be used as natural antioxidants in the food industry.
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Böhm, Anke. "Untersuchungen zur Proteolyse von para-k-Casein vom Modell zum Käse /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10673677.
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Böhm, Anke. "Untersuchungen zur Proteolyse von para-k-Casein: vom Modell zum Käse." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1055498240843-26828.
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Para-k-Casein entsteht durch Hydrolyse des kappa-Caseins nach Zugabe proteolytischer Enzyme zur Milch. Untersuchungen an selbst erstellten Modellen unter Bedingungen, die die Käsereifung simulieren, zeigen, dass die Proteolyse des für die Käsereifung bedeutenden para-k-Caseins stark vom Wassergehalt abhängt. Mit Hilfe geeigneter Methoden (SDS-Elektrophorese, IEF, GPC, RP-HPLC, ESI-MS u.a.) konnte der Abbau des para-k-Caseins durch die industriell relevanten Milchgerinnungsenzyme Chymosin, Fromase und Suparen bei unterschiedlichem Wasserangebot verfolgt werden. Para-k-Casein wird bei einem käseüblichen Wassergehalt von 60 % innerhalb von 15 Wochen über wenig höhermolekulare Spaltprodukte überwiegend zu Peptiden mit Molmassen im Bereich von 400-1400 Da abgebaut. Wie elektrophoretische Untersuchungen zeigen, wird para-k-Casein auch im Sauermilchkäse abgebaut. Allerdings ist die Detektion der in sehr geringer Menge entstandenen Hydrolyseprodukte problematischK-casein is one of the original casein components in milk. Model-experiments under cheese ripening conditions demonstrate the hydrolysis of para-k-Casein, which is the hydrophobic part of kappa-casein, by rennet and rennet substitutes fromase and suparen. Different water contents influences the dimension of hydrolysis of para-k-Casein. A water content of 60 % usual found in cheese results in a great number of hydrolysis products from para-k-Casein with molecular weights between 400-1400 Da. The hydrolyses was investigated for a time period of 15 weeks by several analytical methods (i.e RP-HPLC, ESI-MS, electrophoretic methods, and others). Investigations by electrophoresis of the ripening process of acid curd cheese demonstrated that para-k-Casein is also hydrolysed in this type of cheese, but the detection is quite difficult
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Sarantis, Stylianos. "Thermodynamic Interactions of Micellar Casein and Oat ß-Glucan in a Model Food System." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531829793743745.
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Granlund, Jesper, and Patrik Holmstén. "CASIO–modellen vägen till välbefinnande? : en interventionsstudie om den positiva psykologins påverkan på gymnasieelever." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1882.
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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna undersökning är att genom intervention utvärdera vilken effekt Positiv Psykologi, i form av CASIO-modellen, har på välmående, stresshantering och copingförmåga hos elever som går tredje året på en idrottsinriktad gymnasieutbildning. Våra frågeställningar var: - Vilka skillnader kan vi se mellan för- och eftertesten i interventionsgruppen? - Vilka skillnader kan vi se mellan för- och eftertesten i kontrollgruppen? - Vilka skillnader kan vi se mellan interventions- och kontrollgruppen i för- och eftertesten? Metod Vi har använt oss av en kvantitativ interventionsstudie som pågick i sex veckor med en grupp elever som gick tredje året på ett idrottsinriktat gymnasium som valdes ut genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. Interventionen hade CASIO-modellen ( Circumstances, Attitude, Standards, Importance & Other things) som grund. Denna modell är sprungen ur den positiva psykologin, och den syftar till att ge deltagarna verktyg att lösa problem i livet och öka sin livskvallitet. För att besvara våra frågeställningar har vi använt oss av tre olika enkäter som behandlar välmående, stress och copingförmåga. Dessa enkäter besvarades före och efter interventionen. För att analysera resultaten från för- och eftertesterna har vi använt oss av statistikprogrammet SPSS och gjort Paired Sample T-tests. Resultat När det kom till totat välmående och stresshantering fann vi inga statistiskt signifikanta förbättringar eller försämringar i interventionsgruppen. Däremot hade det skett statistiskt signifikanta försämringar inom vissa områden inom välmåendet. Interventionsgruppen hade dock statistiskt signifikant förbättrats på ett område inom copingförmåga och det var när det kom till strategin att ventilera tankar. Slutsats Vår studie gav inga större positiva effekter på gymnasieelever på ett idrottsinriktat gymnasium utan snarare tvärtom. Dock kan tidpunkten för för- och eftertesten fungera som en confounder som kan påverka de statistiskt signifikanta försämringar då eleverna hade en hög arbetsbelastning i skolan vid eftertesterna vilket de inte hade vid förtesterna.Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate if Positive Psychology, in terms of the CASIOmodel, through intervention affected students at a sports gymnasium when it comes to wellbeing, stress and coping abilities. We focused on the following questions: - What differences can we see from the pre- to the after tests in the intervention group? - What differences can we see from the pre- to the after tests in the control group? - What differences can we see between the intervention- and control group in the pre and the after tests? Method The method we used in our study was a six week long quantitative intervention and the participants was students at a sports gymnasium. We used a convenience selection. We used the CASIO-model (Circumstances, Attitude, Standards, Importance & Other things) as foundation for the intervention. This model is originated from the Positive Psychology and gives the participants tools to solve problems in life and increase their quality of life. To answer our questions we have used three different surveys that process well-being, stress and coping abilities. These surveys were handed out to the students before the intervention and one week after it was finished. To interpret the results we ran a couple of Paired Sample Tests in the statistic program SPSS. Results When it came to total well-being and stress there were no statistical significant changes in the intervention group. But when it came to some parts of the well-being there were some statistical significant deteriorations. In the coping ability survey there were some positive statistical significant changes in the coping strategy ventilate thoughts. Conclusions Our study did not have any major positive effects on students at a sports gymnasium, rather the opposite effect. The time for the pre- and after test could work as a confounder that affects the result because by the time of the after test the students had a heavier workload at school than at the pretest.
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Li, Zheng. "Interactions of flavor compounds with soy and dairy proteins in model systems /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974652.
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SILVA, Juciene Bezerra Rodrigues da. "Efeitos de Schinus terebintifolius Raddi e Cassia occidentalis Linn em modelo experimental da doença de Huntington." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3303.
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Previous issue date: 2011Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
O aumento na incidência de doenças neurodegenerativas em todo o mundo tem proporcionado um interesse cada vez maior nos estudos que visam novas estratégias para a prevenção e cura destas patologias. Várias evidências têm demonstrado que alterações mitocondriais e elevados níveis de estresse oxidativo estão fortemente associados ao desenvolvimento de muitas doenças típicas do envelhecimento como Alzheimer, Parkinson e Huntington. Vários modelos animais vêm sendo utilizados para estudar as características neuropatológicas e bioquímicas dessas doenças e determinar novas abordagens terapêuticas. O ácido 3- nitropropiônico (3-NP) é uma neurotoxina que inibe a succinato desidrogenase (SDH), uma enzima do complexo II da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial, que leva a déficit energético, liberação de cálcio mitocondrial, estresse oxidativo e morte celular, mimetizando muitos dos sintomas motores, cognitivos e psiquiátricos da doença de Huntington (DH). Embora não tenha sido encontrada uma terapêutica que cure ou impeça, de forma efetiva, a progressão destas doenças, compostos naturais com atividade antioxidante têm demonstrado efeito neuroprotetor. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a atividade neuroprotetora do extrato seco da casca do caule de Schinus terebinthifolius (ST) e do extrato seco de caules e folhas de Cassia occidentalis (CO) sobre parâmetros comportamentais e bioquímicos induzidos pela administração intraperitoneal de 3-NP. Avaliações comportamentais foram realizadas utilizando os modelos de campo aberto, rotarod e labirinto em cruz elevado. A atividade antioxidante in vitro foi determinada através do método de captura do radical livre DPPH˙. A atividade antioxidante in vivo, por meio da peroxidação lidipídica (dosagem das substancias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico TBARS), e da atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi avaliada na região estriatal após os testes comportamentais. A administração intraperitoneal de 3-NP (30 mg/kg por 5 dias) causou significativa perda de peso corporal, déficit motor (performance no campo aberto e rotarod) e perda de retenção de memória (performance no labirinto em cruz elevado) quando comparado aos animais controle. Além disso, análises bioquímicas revelaram significativo aumento na peroxidação lipídica e diminuição da atividade da SOD na região estriatal. O tratamento diário com ST (300 e 600 mg/kg, oral) e CO (400 e 800 mg/kg, oral) por um período de 14 dias melhorou significativamente o peso corporal, o desempenho motor e cognitivo quando comparado ao grupo doente (3-NP). Além disso, o tratamento com ST e CO significativamente atenuou a peroxidação lipídica e a diminuição da atividade da SOD. Foi observado que ST e CO apresentaram expressiva atividade antioxidante in vitro (IC50 8,81 e 53,66 μg/ml) em comparação com o padrão (BHT- butil-hidroxitolueno). Estes resultados sugerem que o efeito protetor do extrato de Schinus terebinthifolius e Cassia occidentalis contra degeneração induzida pela neurotoxina 3-NP seja mediado por sua atividade antioxidante, relacionada provavelmente à presença de polifenóis, sendo por isso um possível agente terapêutico para a DH
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Cao, ngoc Phu. "Water-Based Extraction of Bioactive Principles from Hawthorn, Blackcurrant Leaves and Chrysanthellum Americanum : from Experimental Laboratory Research to Homemade Preparations." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS051.
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Ce travail aborde la question de la standardisation, de la répétabilité et de l'optimisation de l'extraction des plantes médicinales dans l'eau. Trois plantes ont été sélectionnées, pour lesquelles les activités pharmacologiques complémentaires reposent sur les différents flavonoïdes, dont deux sont bien documentées (sommités fleuries d'aubépine et feuilles de cassis) avec des propriétés bien connues, et la troisième a été peu étudiée (Chrysanthellum americanum). Nous avons établi un protocole d'extraction général dans l'eau basé sur l’infusion pour ces trois plantes, utilisable par chacun de nous, qui peut permettre une absorption quotidienne standardisée et reproductible de composants bioactifs (phénols, flavonoïdes, oligomères proanthocyanidines) à une température buvable. La granulométrie est le facteur le plus important pour obtenir les meilleurs rendements d'extraction (environ 22% pour l'aubépine, 26% pour le Chrysanthellum americanum et 28,5% pour le cassis). La composition chimique de ces plantes a été étudiée par des méthodes colorimétriques, ainsi que par des instruments analytiques performants et complémentaires (UHPLC-ESI-MS et FT-ICR MS). Les extraits de cassis contiennent beaucoup plus de composés phénoliques (les principaux composants détectés en UV étant les flavonols) que les deux autres plantes. Les extraits d'aubépine contiennent beaucoup plus d'oligomères de proanthocyanidines (les principaux composants détectés en UV étant les flavanols, les flavonols et les flavones) que les deux autres plantes. Les extraits de Chrysanthellum americanum et de cassis contiennent des quantités similaires de flavonoïdes, le premier contenant essentiellement des dérivés d'acide hydrocinnamique, des flavones, des flavanones et des aurones comme composants détectés en UV. Environ 2500 molécules ont été détectées pour chaque plante, parmi lesquelles environ 25% sont communes aux 3 plantes et environ 15% sont spécifiques à chaque plante. Des dérivés de quercétine et de kaempférol ont été identifiés dans les extraits de feuilles de cassis, tandis que la vitexine-2-O-rhamnoside, l'hyperoside et l'isoquercétine ont été identifiés dans les extraits de sommités fleuries d'aubépine, et des dérivés de flavanomaréine et de martitimeine, ainsi que l'acide oléanolique ou ursolique ont été identifiés dans les extraits de Chrysanthellum americanum. Une inhibition intéressante de la hyaluronidase (≥ 90%) a été rapportée pour les extraits d'aubépine, bien supérieure à celle des deux autres extraits de plante. Quant à l'activité anti-hypertensive, les extraits de Chrysanthellum americanum ont démontré une inhibition de l'ECA plus élevée que les deux autres extraits de plante. Concernant l'activité antioxydante, les extraits de feuilles de cassis ont montré la capacité antioxydante la plus élevée. Enfin, la formation de nanoparticules dans les infusions (appelées teacreaming) a été étudiée d'un point de vue cinétique et rayon hydrodynamique en fonction de la températureThis work deals with the question of standardization, repeatability and optimization of medicinal plant extraction in water. Three plants were selected, for which the complementary pharmacological activities are based on different flavonoids, two of which are well documented (hawthorn flowering tops and blackcurrant leaves) with well-known properties, and the third one has been little studied (Chrysanthellum americanum). We established a general extraction protocol in water for these three plants that can be used by each of us, based on infusion that can afford a reproducible daily uptake of bioactive components (phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin oligomers) at drinkable temperature. Granulometry was the most important factor to get the best extraction yields (about 22% for hawthorn, 26% for Chrysanthellum americanum and 28.5% for blackcurrant). Chemical composition of these plants was investigated by colorimetric methods, and also using performant and complementary analytical instrumentations (UHPLC-ESI-MS and FT-ICR MS). Blackcurrant extracts contained much more phenolic compounds (the main UV-detected components detected in UHPLC being flavonols) than the two other plants. Hawthorn extracts contained much more proanthocyanidin oligomers (the main UV-detected components in UHPLC being flavanols, flavonols and flavones) than the two other plants. Chrysanthellum americanum and blackcurrant extracts contained similar amounts of flavonoids, the former one containing essentially hydrocinnamic acid derivatives, flavones, flavanones and aurones as UV-detected components. About 2500 hints were obtained for each plant, among which about 1100 are common to all 3 plants and about 700 are specific to each plant. Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were identified in blackcurrant leaves extracts, while vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, hyperoside and isoquercetin were identified in hawthorn flowering tops extracts and flavanomarein and martitimein derivatives, and Oleanolic or Ursolic acid were identified in Chrysanthellum americanum extracts. A significant inhibition of hyaluronidase (≥ 90%) was reported for hawthorn extracts, much higher than that of the other two plant extracts. As for the anti-hypertensive activity, the Chrysanthellum americanum extracts demonstrated higher ACE inhibition than the other two plant extracts. Regarding antioxidant activity, blackcurrant leaf extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Finally, the formation of nanoparticles in the herbal tea infusions (also known as tea creaming), was studied from a kinetic and size-distribution point of view as a function of temperature
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Du, Yi. "Implementation of a Wetting and Drying Model in Simulating the Androscoggin/Kennebec Plume and the Circulation in Casco Bay." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DuY2008.pdf.
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Bryjko, Lilianna. "SA-CASSCF and R-matrix calculations of low-energy electron collisions with DNA bases and phosphoric acid." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2608.
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The research presented in this thesis was carried out as part of a collaboration between the groups of Dr Tanja van Mourik at the School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews and Professor Jonathan Tennyson at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at University College London. This thesis presents State-Averaged Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (SA-CASSCF) calculations on nucleic acid bases, deoxyribose and phosphoric acid H₃PO₄). In the case of uracil, for comparison, Multireference Configuration Interaction calculations were also performed. The SA-CASSCF orbitals were subsequently used in R-matrix electron scattering calculations using the close-coupling model. Of major importance for obtaining accurate SA-CASSCF results is the choice of the active space and the number of calculated states. Properties such as the electronic energy, number of configurations, excitation energy and dipole moment were considered in the choice of active space. Electron-collision calculations were performed on two of the most stable isomers of phosphoric acid, a weakly dipolar form with all OH groups pointing up and a strongly dipolar form where one OH group points down. A broad shape resonance at about 7 eV was found for both isomers. Ten-state close-coupling calculations suggest the presence of narrow, Feshbach resonances in a similar energy region. Elastic and electronically inelastic cross sections were calculated for both isomers. The R-matrix calculations on uracil were done by the group from UCL. R-matrix calculations are currently being done on guanine. Scattering calculations on the other DNA bases will be performed in the near future.
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Simões, Ana Rita Estorninho. "Portugal e o modelo brasileiro relação arquitectónica entre aproximação e contemporaneidade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17944.
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A dissertação propõe-se a compreender qual o panorama arquitectónico em que se enquadram as duas obras de Oscar Niemeyer e Paulo Mendes da Rocha em Portugal, respectivamente o Casino Park Hotel (1966-1976/79) e o novo Museu Nacional dos Coches (2008 - em construção). A distância cronológica de cerca de quatro décadas entre a realização dos projectos, as únicas obras construídas de dois grandes arquitectos brasileiros no país, conduz a algumas questões às quais se pretende obter resposta com o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Porquê que entre a sua execução decorre esse largo espaço de tempo? Quais os motivos que conduzem ao hiato? Como se definia o panorama arquitectónico português durante a realização dos dois projectos? Qual o contributo dessas obras? Em que pontos se aproximam? O estudo foca assim sobre a relação da arquitectura moderna brasileira e o seu contributo para a arquitectura portuguesa e as causas que conduzem ao desaparecimento dessa aproximação, assim como a conjuntura da arquitectura moderna brasileira; ABSTRACT: The paper proposes to understand what is the architectonic panorama in which the two works of Oscar Niemeyer and Paulo Mendes da Rocha in Portugal fit, respectively Casino Park Hotel (1966-1976/79) and the new National Coach Museum (2008 - under construction). The chronological distance of about four decades between the projects’ completion, the only constructed works of two great Brazilian architects in the country, leads to some questions to which the paper intends to respond. Why between its executions, elapses that large time? What are the reasons that lead to the gap? How was the Portuguese architectonic panorama defined during the two projects’ accomplishment? What is the contribution of these works? On what points they draw near each other? The study focuses on the relation of modern Brazilian architecture, its contribution to Portuguese architecture and the causes that lead to the disappearance of this approach, as well as the conjuncture of modern Brazilian architecture.
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FRANÇA, Clebia Pereira de. "Qualidade da torta e farelo de mamona de diferentes cultivares caracterizadas por espectroscopia NIR e análise multivariada." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2010. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/804.
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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o potencial da espectrometria NIR e da quimiometria, para classificação de torta e farelo de mamona, submetida a diferentes tratamentos de detoxificação. Utilizaram-se os tratamentos químico com NaCl e Ca(OH)2 e térmico (40, 60, 80 e 100°C) para três cultivares de mamona a partir da torta e do farelo. A torta foi obtida em prensa mecânica das sementes e o farelo através de extração com solvente em Soxhlet. As medidas espectrais na região de 400 a 2500 nm e análise multivariada (PCA e SIMCA) foram empregadas para a identificação de padrões de agrupamento quanto ao processo de detoxificação. As medidas experimentais foram realizadas em duas etapas, em que na primeira foram utilizadas 180 amostras de torta e farelo de mamona da variedade BRS Paraguaçu, para otimização dos modelos quimiométricos. Cada classe foi constituída de 10 amostras representativas, tratadas com NaCl e Ca(OH)2 a 4% (m/m) e nas temperaturas de 40, 60, 80 e 100°, na segunda etapa, 605 amostras foram usadas com 15 unidades para cada classe de tratamento com Ca(OH)2 e NaCl a 1, 2 e 4% (m/m). Os espectros foram registrados em triplicatas autênticas para os tratamentos com 10 repetições para cada amostra. A partir dos espectros obtidos empregaram-se as técnicas multivariadas de PCA e SIMCA. Na PCA, observou-se no gráfico dos escores a formação de classes distintas com separação dos tratamentos com Ca(OH)2 e NaCl, além da sua combinação com incrementos de temperatura de 40, 60, 80 e 100°C. O agrupamento formado com duas componentes principais resultou em uma variância explicada superior a 95%. Com as informações da PCA desenvolveu-se um modelo SIMCA, para o qual foram previstos 100% de acerto para a classe da torta e farelo de mamona detoxificados da variedade Paraguaçu, referentes a primeira etapa, a PCA para as amostras tratadas com Ca( OH)2 e NaCl a 1, 2 e 4% (m/m) permitiu a identificação das amostras consideradasdetoxificadas para as variedades BRS Energia, BRS Paraguaçu e BRS 149 Nordestina. O tratamento a 4% (m/m) se destacou no gráfico dos escores por ser considerado 100% detoxificado, também ocorreu separação entre as classes BRS Paraguaçu e BRS 149 Nordestina em relação à BRS Energia. Com essas observações, a espectrometria NIR e a análise multivariada permitiram a identificação da torta e do farelo de mamona, considerados detoxificados de forma direta, não destrutiva, económica, rápida (30 s), sem o uso de reagentes caros e de geração resíduos químicos.
This work was carried out to study the potential of NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for the classification of cake and castor meai under different treatments of detoxifícation. We used chemical treatments with NaCl and Ca (OH)2 and heat (40, 60, 80 and 100 °C) for three cultivars from the castor bean cake and meai. The cake was obtained from mechanical pressing of the seeds and bran by solvent extraction in Soxhlet. The spectral measurements in the region from 400 to 2500 nm and multivariate analysis (PCA and SIMCA) were used to identify patterns of grouping as the process of detoxifícation. The experimental measurements were performed in two stages: first stage was used 180 samples of cake and castor oil for the BRS Paraguaçu chemometric optimization. Each class was comprised of 10 representative samples treated with NaCl and Ca (OH)2 to 4% (w / w) and temperatures of 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C. In the second stage, 630 samples were used with 42 units for each class of treatment with Ca (OH)2 and NaCl at 1, 2 and 4% (w / w). The spectra were recorded in triplicate true for treatments with 10 repetitions for each sample. From the spectra obtained were employed multivariate techniques of PCA and SIMCA. In PCA, the graph of the scores observed the formation of separate classes with separate treatments with Ca(OH)2 and NaCl, and combinations of these with temperature increments of 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C. The group formed with two principal components explained variance resulted in a greater than 95%. With the information from the PCA was developed SIMCA model for which predicted 100% correct for the class of the pie and detoxified castor meai variety Paraguaçu on the first step. The PCA for the samples treated with Ca(OH)2 and NaCl at 1, 2 and 4% (w/ w) allowed the identifícation of samples considered detoxified for varieties Energy BRS, BRS 149 and BRS Paraguaçu Northeast. Treatment 4% (w/ w) stood out in the graph of the scores to be considered 100% detoxified. Also there was a separation between the classes Paraguaçu BRS and BRS 149 BRS for Northeast Energy. Given these observations, NIR spectrometry and multivariate analysis allowed the identifícation of the pie and detoxified castor meai considered a direct, non-destructive, inexpensive, rapid (30 s) without the use of expensive reagents and chemical waste generation.
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Partschefeld, Claudia. "Enzymatisch vernetzte Milchproteine: Reaktionsorte und funktionelle Konsequenzen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-84064.
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In der Lebensmittelindustrie steht die Entwicklung neuer innovativer Produkte im Vordergrund. Insbesondere die Modifizierung von Proteinen durch den Einsatz des Enzyms mikrobielle Transglutaminase (mTG) bietet hier neue Ansatzpunkte. Das Enzym verknüpft die γ-Carboxamidgruppe proteingebundenen Glutamins mit der ε-Aminogruppe von Lysin unter Bildung sogenannter Isopeptidbindungen. Durch diese Reaktion erreicht man eine gezielte Veränderung funktioneller Eigenschaften der Proteine wie z.B. Gelbildung, Löslichkeit, Wasserbindevermögen, Emulgier- und Schäumungsverhalten. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden grundlegende Forschungen zur Aufklärung des Mechanismus der mTG-katalysierten Proteinquervernetzungsreaktion im Hinblick auf das Lebensmittel Milch durchgeführt.
Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit dem Ablauf der mTG-katalysierten Reaktion innerhalb der Caseinmicellen und dessen Effekt auf die Micellstruktur. Es zeigte sich, dass durch mTG die Caseine in der micellaren Struktur fixiert werden und der extramicellare Caseinanteil abnimmt. Hierbei wird β-Casein stärker vernetzt als αs-Casein. Infolge dieser intramicellaren Caseinquervernetzung wird die Stabilität der micellaren Struktur sowohl gegenüber destabilisierenden Reagenzien (EDTA, Ethanol, GDL), mechanischen Parametern (Hochdruck) sowie einer enzymatischen Proteolyse (Chymotrypsin, Pepsin) signifikant verbessert. Vermutlich werden die Isopeptide hierfür netzartig vorwiegend zwischen den β-Caseinen in der äußeren Micellschicht ausgebildet.
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit stand die Identifizierung der Reaktionsorte, d.h. die an der enzymatischen Vernetzung beteiligten Gln- und Lys-Reste, im Vordergrund, um den Einfluss der Proteinstruktur auf die Spezifität der mTG zu erfassen. Bei der Bestimmung der Reaktionsorte für β-Casein konnten 5 der 21 Gln-Reste und 3 der 11 Lys-Reste als zugänglich für mTG eingestuft werden. Für β-Lactoglobulin konnten unter Normaldruck 3 der 15 Lys-Reste aber keine Gln-Reste durch das Enzym markiert werden. Unter Hochdruck bei 400 MPa wurden 4 der 9 Gln-Reste sowie zwei weitere Lys-Reste als mTG-reaktiv nachgewiesen. Die Lage dieser Reaktionsorte im Protein zeigte, dass Gln-Reste bevorzugt durch mTG modifiziert werden, welche in hydrophoben Proteinabschnitten lokalisiert sind und große hydrophobe Aminosäuren N-seitig sowie positiv geladene Aminosäuren C-seitig aufweisen. Die Lys-Reste werden nur durch mTG angegriffen, wenn diese neben Aminosäuren mit ungeladenen bzw. positiv geladenen Seitenketten lokalisiert sind, während die Nachbarschaft zu negativ geladenen Aminosäuren sowie zu Aminosäuren mit ungeladenen polaren (hydrophilen) Seitenketten die Angreifbarkeit verhindert. Weiterhin zeigte eine Bestimmung der reaktiven Gln- und Lys-Reste im β-Casein innerhalb der Caseinmicelle, dass die Zugänglichkeit für mTG durch die Micellstruktur deutlich vermindert ist. Es wird vermutet, dass in der Caseinmicelle eine Art Vorstrukturierung der β-Caseine existiert.
Abschließend wurden die Ergebnisse für einen Vorschlag eines Micellmodells herangezogen. Das im Rahmen der Arbeit vorgeschlagene Micellmodell beruht auf dem Internal Structure Modell, im speziellen auf dem „dual bonding model“ nach Horne, welches weiter charakterisiert werden konnte. So wird vermutet, dass β-Casein hauptsächlich im äußeren Micellbereich lokalisiert ist, während sich die αs-Caseine eher im Micellinneren befinden. β-Casein ist hierbei in laminaren Schichten angeordnet, wobei die hydrophilen Köpfe den größtmöglichen Abstand zueinander haben und hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen zwischen den hydrophoben Schwänzen ausgebildet werden können. Wird die Micelle nun mit mTG behandelt, so kann ausgehend von diesem Modell die quervernetzte Caseinmicelle als „GiOTTO® -Modell“ dargestellt werden. Dieses ist aus einem „festen äußeren Mantel“ aus quervernetzten β-Caseinen (Isopeptidnetzwerk) und einem „weichen Kern“ aus nur gering vernetzten αs-Caseinen zusammengesetzt.
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Le, Corre Lucille. "Géologie de Titan à partir des données de spectro-imagerie infrarouge et Radar de la mission Cassini." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2108.
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La sonde Cassini, lancée en 1997 et arrivée dans le système de Saturne début Juillet 2004, acquiert des images de la surface de Titan dans le proche-infrarouge, l'infrarouge moyen et le domaine des ondes radio (radar). Jusqu’à cette date, la surface de Titan, recouverte d’une atmosphère épaisse, riche en méthane et opaque en lumière visible, était restée inconnue. Le travail principal de cette thèse consiste à analyser les données acquises par VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer), afin de cartographier la surface de Titan. Pour chaque pixel d'une image, VIMS permet d'enregistrer un spectre complet entre 0. 35 et 5. 11 μm. Les spectres présentent différentes fenêtres atmosphériques à travers lesquelles la surface est visible. Grâce à la création de mosaïques d'images à l'échelle globale, différents types de terrains ont pu être identifiés. Les données VIMS et les images radar en mode SAR sont combinées dans un système d'information géographique pour étudier les structures géologiques : cryovolcans, champs de dunes, lacs, chenaux et cratères d’impact. Ces structures ont une bonne corrélation entre les morphologies observées en radar et en infrarouge. L'étude d'une coulée cryovolcanique en particulier montre que sa composition est compatible avec un mélange de glace de CH4, H2O, CO2. La cartographie globale du satellite permet d'étudier la distribution des structures géologiques, des différentes unités et la corrélation radar/infrarouge afin de comprendre la nature de ces terrains et les processus d'érosion existants à la surface de Titan. L'âge de la surface de Titan est estimée entre 200 Ma et 2 Ga à partir des cratères recensés sur les images radarCassini spacecraft, launched in 1997 and arrived in July 2004 at Saturn, provides images of Titan's surface in the near-infrared, medium infrared ranges and in the radio wavelengths range corresponding to the Cassini radar instrument. Previously, Titan’s surface, hidden by a thick methane-rich atmosphere opaque for the visible light, was unknown. The main work in this thesis is to analyze the dataset acquired by VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer), in order to map Titan's surface. For each pixel of an given image, VIMS observes a spectrum between 0. 35 and 5. 11 μm. Atmospheric windows of methane allow to see the surface through the haze of aerosols and gases. By creating global mosaics of infrared images, we can infer different types of terrains. Geological features, such as cryovolcanoes, dune fields, lakes, fluvial channels, and impact craters, are studied thanks to the combination of VIMS et radar images in SAR mode in a geographic information system. They show a good correlation in morphology between radar and infrared datasets. The study of a particular cryovolcanic flow demonstrates that the composition can match spectra of mixtures of ices containing CH4, H2O, and CO2. Global mapping is useful to study the spatial distribution of geological units, features and correlation between datasets aiming to understand the nature and erosion processes prevailing on Titan's surface. A global crater count using the available radar swaths permits to estimate the surface age between 200 Myr and 2 Gyr
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Roos, Malin, and Linda Rydman. "Portfolio Model Supporting Development of Purchasing Strategies A case study concerning raw materials at Casco Adhesives." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2801.
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In this thesis a complete portfolio model for supporting development of purchasing strategies for raw material at Casco Adhesives is developed. The model consists of a classification tool which divides the raw material into four distinct quadrants with different main tasks. The second part of the model is a strategy template which gathers necessary information dependent on the quadrant.
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Amador, Janete Pereira. "Modelos mistos no ajuste de curvas de crescimento de Ricinus communis L." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3192.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe world energy demand must be met, however, the conventional sources are nearing exhaustion, and cause harmful effects to the environment. In this sense, it has been researched renewable energy sources as an alternative to bioenergy, which could contribute substantially in the future supply of energy. One of the aspects of bioenergy is that of biodiesel, a biodegradable fuel alternative to diesel oil, created from renewable energy sources, free of sulfur in its composition. In the field of oil seed, castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) has stood out as a supplier of raw material to manufacture biodiesel. In Rio Grande do Sul, for the ricinoculture becomes sustainable production-level scale as raw material for biodiesel production in the increment becomes crucial. And this depends on the development of agricultural technologies adapted to the conditions of the state. In this context, there is a paucity of research to study the influence of density on the cultivation of oilseeds and their connection with the form of plant growth. Since this factor can influence significantly the development of castor bean, reflecting production. This research aims to evaluate the influence of three planting densities 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 m, keeping constant the distance between the row of 1.0 m, on the growth of castor bean. To explain this influence will be used the technique of analysis of longitudinal data using growth curve modeling using mixed model methodology. It was found that this allows to explore more fully the information provided by the data, because it is possible to accommodate the correlation of these through the selection of covariance structures. Thus, the six covariance structures tested to model the G and R were selected UN (1) and VC. The strategy used to select both of these structures as for the random effects proved to be simpler alternative in this part of modeling. In univariate analysis of profile to choose the fixed effects model with some information provided by both techniques, you can check which one best fits the data. Shaped curve is a two densities 1 and 1.4 m that provided the greatest plant height did not differ significantly. For the cultivation density of 1.2 m, the plant showed a lower growth, its growth behavior was modeled by another curve. Even considering the computational complexity of the procedures used, it is hoped, through the SAS routines compiled this material, contribute to greater facilitation in the use of these procedures.
A demanda energética mundial precisa ser atendida, entretanto, as fontes convencionais estão em vias de esgotamento, além de provocarem efeitos prejudiciais ao ambiente. Neste sentido, têm-se pesquisado fontes energéticas renováveis, como alternativa a agroenergia, que poderá contribuir de maneira substancial na oferta futura de energia. Uma das vertentes da agroenergia é a do biodiesel, um combustível biodegradável alternativo ao diesel de petróleo, criado a partir de fontes renováveis de energia, livre de enxofre em sua composição. No campo das oleaginosas, a mamona (Ricinus communis L.) vem se destacando como fornecedora de matéria-prima para a fabricação de biodiesel. No Rio Grande do Sul, para que a ricinocultura, torna-se sustentável em nível de produção em escala como matéria prima para o biodiesel o incremento na produção torna-se fundamental. E este depende do desenvolvimento de tecnologias agrícolas adaptadas às condições do estado. Neste contexto, existe uma escassez de pesquisas que estudem a influência da densidade de plantas no cultivo desta oleaginosa e a relação destas com a forma de crescimento da planta. Já que este fator pode influenciar, de maneira significativa, o desenvolvimento da mamoneira, refletindo na produção. Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar a influência de três densidades de cultivo 1,0, 1,2 e 1,4 m, mantendo constante a distância entre linha de 1,0 m, sobre o crescimento da mamona. Para explicar esta influencia será utilizada a técnica de análise de dados longitudinais por meio de modelagem de curvas de crescimento utilizando a metodologia de modelos mistos. Constatou-se que esta permite explorar de forma mais completa as informações fornecidas pelos dados, pelo fato de ser possível acomodar a correlação destes, por meio da seleção de estruturas de covariância. Sendo assim, das seis estruturas de covariância testadas para modelar G e R as selecionadas foram UN(1) e VC. A estratégia utilizada tanto para seleção destas estruturas como para os efeitos aleatórios mostrou-se como alternativa mais simples nesta parte da modelagem. Na análise univariada e multivariada de perfil para escolha dos efeitos fixos do modelo com algumas informações fornecidas pelas duas técnicas, é possível verificar qual a que melhor se adéqua aos dados. Modelou-se duas curvas uma densidades 1 e 1,4 m que proporcionaram a maior altura de planta, não diferindo significativamente. Para a densidade de cultivo de 1,2 m, a planta apresentou um menor crescimento, seu comportamento de crescimento foi modelado por outra curva. Mesmo considerando a complexidade computacional dos procedimentos utilizados, espera-se, através das rotinas do SAS compiladas neste material, contribuir para uma maior facilitação no uso destes procedimentos.
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Bjørneng, Bjørn. "How to increase the understanding of differentials by using the Casio-calculator model 9860 G I/II to solve differential equations." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79468.
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The major aims of this paper are to present how we can improve the students understanding and involvement in mathematics by using a programming/graphic calculator. I will use differentials as examples such as differentiation ,integrals and differential equations, creating lines of slopes for differential equation of the type y’= f(x,y) . Find the solution of some differential equations by using regression and create the graph connected to the differential equation. As we have different approaches to solving a problem, it is a hope the students interest in mathematics will improve. The tools used will be programming, graphic commands as plot, f-line, etc. One goal is also to show how we can create small programs solving problems in mathematics. For many students this will be a stepping stone for further work with programming. The programs used can be copied using the program FA 124 that can be downloaded from Casios homepages. On request I can send you the programs.
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Hue, Vincent. "Modélisations photochimiques saisonnières des stratosphères de Jupiter et Saturne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0155/document.
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L’un des objectifs de cette thèse est d’interpréter les observations des principaux hydrocarbures(C2H2 et C2H6) effectuées par Cassini (NASA/ESA) sur Jupiter et Saturne. Les modèles photochimiques à une dimension sont insuffisants pour interpréter ces observations spatialement résolues. J’ai développé le premier modèle photochimique saisonnier à deux dimensions (altitude-latitude) des planètes géantes qui calcule leur composition chimique.En l’absence de transport méridional, la composition chimique de Saturne suit les variations d’ensoleillement. Les abondances de C2H2 et C2H6 mesurées par Cassini (Guerletet al., 2009) sont reproduites jusqu’aux latitudes moyennes, à des pressions supérieures à0,1mbar. Les écarts notés dans l’hémisphère sud suggèrent la présence de dynamique ou d’une chimie entre les ions et les espèces neutres. J’ai couplé, pour la première fois, mon modèle photochimique avec le modèle radiatif de Greathouse et al. (2008). Nous prédisons un décalage du pic saisonnier de température, par rapport aux précédents modèles, d’une demi-saison à haute altitude et aux hautes latitudes.Jupiter présente de faibles variations saisonnières de composition chimique, uniquement contrôlées par son excentricité. Les distributions méridionales observées de C2H2 etC2H6 présentent des tendances opposées (Nixon et al., 2010). Mon modèle est en accord avec les observations de C2H6 lorsque j’invoque une combinaison de diffusion méridionale et de circulation stratosphérique, tout en provoquant un plus grand désaccord avec les observations de C2H2. La chimie ionique pourrait principalement affecter C2H2 et jouer un rôle important dans l’atmosphère de JupiterOne of the goals of this thesis is to interpret the observations of the main hydrocarbons(C2H2 and C2H6) from Cassini (NASA/ESA) on Jupiter and Saturn. The one-dimensional photochemical models are insufficient to explain these spatially resolved observations. I have developed the first two-dimensional (altitude-latitude) seasonal photochemical model for the giant planets, which predicts their chemical composition.Without meridional transport, Saturn’s chemical composition follows the insolation variations. The C2H2 and C2H6 abundances measured by Cassini (Guerlet et al., 2009)are reproduced from the equator up to mid-latitudes, at pressures higher than 0.1mbar.At higher latitudes, the disagreements suggest either a stratospheric circulation cell orthe signature of ion-neutral chemistry. For the first time, I have coupled our seasonal photochemical model with the seasonal radiative model of Greathouse et al. (2008). I predict that the seasonal temperature peak is shifted half a season earlier, with respect to previous models, at high latitudes in the higher stratosphere.Jupiter shows weak seasonal variations of chemical composition, only controlled by its orbital eccentricity. The observed meridional distributions of C2H2 and C2H6 show opposition trends (Nixon et al., 2010). C2H6 observed distribution is reproduced when Isuppose a combination of meridional diffusion and stratospheric circulation, while causingat the same time a stronger agreement with the C2H2 observations. Accounting for theion-neutral chemistry might preferentially affect C2H2 and potentially play a key role on hydrocarbon abundances in Jupiter’s stratosphere
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Worton, Adrian J. "Using mathematical models to understand the impact of climate change on tick-borne infections across Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24918.
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Ticks are of global interest as the pathogens they spread can cause diseases that are of importance to both human health and economies. In Scotland, the most populous tick species is the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus, which is the vector of pathogens causing diseases such as Lyme borreliosis and Louping-ill. Recently, both the density and spread of I. ricinus ticks have grown across much of Europe, including Scotland, increasing disease risk. Due to the nature of the tick lifecycle they are particularly dependent on environmental factors, including temperature and habitat type. Because of this, the recent increase in tick-borne disease risk is believed to be linked to climate change. Many mathematical models have been used to explore the interactions between ticks and factors within their environments; this thesis begins by presenting a thorough review of previous modelling of tick and tick-borne pathogen dynamics, identifying current knowledge gaps. The main body of this thesis introduces an original mathematical modelling framework with the aim to further our understanding of the impact of climate change on tick-borne disease risk. This modelling framework takes into account how key environmental factors influence the I. ricinus lifecycle, and is used to create predictions of how I. ricinus density and disease risk will change across Scotland under future climate warming scenarios. These predictions are mapped using Geographical Information System software to give a clear spatial representation of the model predictions. It was found that as temperatures increase, so to do I. ricinus densities, as well as Louping-ill and Lyme borreliosis risk. These results give a strong indication of the disease risk implications of any changes to the Scottish environment, and so have the potential to inform policy-making. Additionally, the models identify areas of possible future research.
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Gilytė, Laura. "Automobilių KASKO draudimo sistemos funkcionavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20090908_194010-43154.
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Savo magistriniame darbe nagrinėju vienos draudimo kompanijos KASKO sistemos funkcionavimą. Visų pirma sukonstruoju KASKO draudimo sistemos matematinį modelį. Tuomet atlieku išsamias analizes polisų sutartims, draudiminiams įvykiams, įmokoms ir išmokoms, bei jų kitimo dinamikai. Apskaičiuoju 2006 m. kiekvieno mėnesio pelno pasikliovimo intervalus ir padarau prognozę 2007 metams. Galiausiai patikrinu draudimo kompanijos padalinių ir filialų darbo efektyvumą.My work analyses CASCO insurance system’s behavior of one insurance company. At first I made a mathematical model of CASCO insurance. Then I properly described analyses of policies’ contracts, insurance events, insurance premiums and payouts. Later I estimated approximate confidence intervals of profit and made a forecast for 2007 year. And finally I analysed the work efficiency of subdivisions and branches. The mathematical model of CASCO insurance system let us to do various experiments in mathematical space when we analyses incomes of insurance company.
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Sears, John Steven. "Minimalistic Descriptions of Nondynamical Electron Correlation: From Bond-Breaking to Transition-Metal Catalysis." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19807.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: C. David Sherrill; Committee Member: Jean-Luc Bredas; Committee Member: Mostafa El-Sayed; Committee Member: Peter J. Ludovice; Committee Member: Thomas Orlando.
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Déniel, Maxime. "Etude de la production de bio-huile par liquéfaction hydrothermale de résidus agroalimentaires et de leurs molécules modèles." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0009/document.
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Ce travail porte sur la production de bio-huile par liquéfaction hydrothermale de résidus agroalimentaires, réalisée en réacteur batch. L’objectif est d’étudier l’influence des paramètres opératoires sur la production de bio-huile, et de contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes de conversion hydrothermale de la biomasse. La liquéfaction hydrothermale des résidus agroalimentaires a été étudiée à partir de l’exemple des drêches de cassis, résidus de pressage des baies. Une étude paramétrique a évalué l’influence de la température, du temps de réaction, de la concentration de biomasse et de l’ajout d’hydroxyde de sodium sur le rendement des produits. Cette étude a permis d’identifier des conditions opératoires favorables à la production de bio-huile, dont le rendement peut notamment bénéficier du recyclage de la phase aqueuse en tant que solvant réactionnel (rendement maximal de bio-huile : 31 %). La caractérisation physico-chimique de la bio-huile montre que celle-ci possède certaines propriétés proches du pétrole brut et de certains fiouls lourds, notamment grâce à sa faible teneur en oxygène en comparaison des huiles de pyrolyse. La bio-huile peut être considérée comme un bio-pétrole brut, mais nécessite toutefois un raffinage conséquent avant de potentielles applications. La conversion hydrothermale de molécules modèles, sélectionnées à partir de l’analyse de la composition des drêches de cassis, a été étudiée à une température de 300 °C et un temps de réaction de 60 min. Cinq monomères modèles (glucose, xylose, acide glutamique, guaiacol et acide linoléique) et deux polymères modèles (cellulose microcristalline et lignine alkali) ont été choisis pour cette étude. Une méthodologie basée sur les plans d’expérience de mélange a été mise en œuvre, afin d’aboutir à la construction de schémas réactionnels, et à l’élaboration de corrélations modélisant les rendements des produits en fonction de la composition initiale des mélanges. L’analyse des produits montre que la conversion hydrothermale des résidus agroalimentaires résulte principalement de dégradations primaires et d’interactions binaires entre les composants de la biomasse. Les corrélations obtenues à partir des composés modèles permettent de décrire avec un bon accord les rendements des produits de conversion hydrothermale de mélanges modèles et de plusieurs résidus agroalimentaires : drêches de brasserie, marc de raisin et akènes de framboiseThis work presents a study of hydrothermal liquefaction of food processing residues using a batch reactor, to produce bio-oil. The objective is to study the influence of operating conditions on bio-oil production, and to contribute to the understanding of the reaction mechanisms occurring during hydrothermal conversion of biomass. Hydrothermal liquefaction of food processing residues was studied using blackcurrant pomace, a berry pressing residue, as an example. A parametric study evaluated the influence of temperature, holding time, biomass concentration and the use of sodium hydroxide as additive on the yields of products. This study allowed the identification of favorable operating conditions to produce bio-oil. The bio-oil yield can in particular benefit from recycling the aqueous phase as reaction solvent (maximum bio-oil yield: 31%). Physicochemical characterization of the bio-oil showed that it has some similarities with heavy crude oil and heavy oils, especially thanks to a lower oxygen content than pyrolysis oils. The bio-oil can be considered as a bio-heavy crude oil, but it still requires significant upgrading before any potential applications. Hydrothermal conversion of model molecules, selected from the characterization of blackcurrant pomace, was studied at a temperature of 300 °C and a holding time of 60 min. Five model monomers (glucose, xylose, glutamic acid, guaiacol and linoleic acid) and two model polymers (microcrystalline cellulose and alkali lignin) were chosen for this study. A mixture design of experiments methodology was followed, to combine reactivity studies with the elaboration of correlations describing the mass yields of products as a function of the initial mixture composition. Analysis of the products shows that hydrothermal conversion of food processing residues is mainly due to degradations of individual compounds and binary interactions between components of biomass. The correlations obtained from the model compounds describe with good accuracy the mass yields of the products from hydrothermal conversion of a model mixture and several food processing residues: brewer’s spent grains, grape marc and raspberry achenes
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Santo, Anna Ruth. "A Human-Centered Approach to Designing an Invasive Species Eradication Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52562.
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The increasing scope and speed of biological invasions around the world is a major concern of the modern environmental conservation movement. Although many ecological impacts of biological invasions are still not well understood, there is a general consensus that exotic, invasive species are a primary driver of extinctions globally. By altering ecosystem structure and function, invasive species also affect human quality of life; however, not all impacts lead to negative outcomes.
Given that invasive species have diverse impacts on society, their management in human-dominated landscapes is a wicked problem wherein the resolution is as much an issue of social value as technical capacity. The purpose of my research was to understand the propensity for engaging private landowners in an effort to eradicate an invasive species on an inhabited island. Specifically, I investigated private landowner perspectives on eradicating the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) from the Tierra del Fuego (TDF) island archipelago in Argentina and Chile. The beaver was introduced in 1946 and has since become a central conservation issue due to its long-lasting changes to local hydrology, nutrient cycling, riparian vegetation, food webs, and aquatic and terrestrial species assemblages.
Because eradication requires near complete cooperation from stakeholders and no research had been conducted to understand the perspectives or willingness of private landowners to cooperate, my objectives were to: 1) characterize the links private landowners make between the presence of beavers and impacts to the ecosystem services in their riparian areas, and 2) explore the role of a market-based incentive program to increase landowner cooperation in eradication efforts.
Through semi-structured interviews, I elicited landowner mental models of how beavers impact the ecosystem services they receive from their riparian lands. I found that TDF ranchers prioritized provisioning ecosystem services, and held diverse and idiosyncratic beliefs about how beavers influence these outcomes. TDF ranchers may not recognize the beaver as a highly salient problem because they do not connect them to reductions in ecosystem services that are important to them. Among those who do perceive beavers affecting important ecosystem services, there is no clear, unified understanding of how the beavers disturb the ecosystem and key ecosystem services.
Additionally, in a broadly administered survey, I used a factorial vignettes to examine the role of program structure and other program-related factors on landowners' willingness to participate in a voluntary eradication program. Overall, landowners were willing to cooperate in an incentive program to eradicate beavers. They were positively motivated by greater financial compensation, an increased expectation that the program would be successful, and the program assuming full responsibility for its implementation. Other factors returned mixed results indicating that further research may be required.
In diverse, human-inhabited, and privately-owned landscapes, conservation requires collective action—i.e., the high threshold of participation needed for eradication to be achieved. Understanding the knowledge systems that cause landowners to perceive value or risk serves as a first step in understanding behaviors, and can also serve as a framework for crafting more effective outreach, as current communication about the beaver and the proposed eradication may not resonate with private landowners. Further, barriers to inaction can be overcome by understanding landowner needs and how program-related factors influence the potential for cooperation.
In sum, by putting human needs at the forefront of program design, conservation planners can better understand stakeholder perspectives, reduce barriers to participation, and ultimately increase cooperation and improve conservation outcomes.Master of Science
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Lazzaro, Fanny. "Comprendre les comportements des micelles de caséines dans des environnements variés, de leur équilibre minéral à leurs propriétés colloïdales et fonctionnelles : émulsion et coagulation présure." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARB301/document.
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Les micelles de caséines, composées de caséines, minéraux et eau, sont en équilibres dynamiques, elles échangent en permanence de leur matière avec leur environnement. Les micelles de caséines possèdent d’intéressantes fonctionnalités pour la fabrication de produits laitiers, telles que leur capacité à stabiliser des émulsions et à former des gels sous l’action de la présure. Des changements environnementaux, variations de pH, additions de sels ou d’agents chélatants, affectent les équilibres des micelles et induisent des modifications de leurs compositions et propriétés colloïdales. Ces changements modifient également leurs propriétés fonctionnelles, bien que cet aspect soit peu décri. Le but de ce projet était de comprendre les relations liant l’environnement, l’équilibre minéral, les propriétés colloïdales et fonctionnelles des micelles de caséines. L’impact de cinq facteurs (pH, Na3Cit, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2) modifiant les micelles fut étudié en focalisant sur leurs propriétés émulsifL’acidification et l’addition de Na3Cit ont causé les modifications minérales les plus importantes en solubilisant le phosphate de calcium micellaire. Le premier conduisit au « gonflement » des micelles alors que l’agent chélatant causa leur dissociation en petits agrégats. L’ajout de NaCl n’eut aucun impact sur le contenu minéral des micelles mais provoqua aussi la libération d’agrégats, révélée par cryo microscopie électronique et diffusion de rayons-X aux petits angles. Le rôle du phosphate de calcium sur les fonctionnalités fut confirmé et l’étude révéla l’importance de contrôler la libéCaseins micelles, composed of caseins, minerals and water, are under dynamic equilibria, they constantly exchange materials with their surrounding environments. In addition, casein micelles possess valuable functionalities in regards to the formation of dairy products, such as the ability to stabilize emulsions or to form rennet gels. Environmental changes, such as variations in pH, additions of salts or chelating agents, affect the casein micelles equilibria and lead to modifications in their compositional and colloidal properties. Such changes also modify their functional properties, although this aspect is poorly described in the literature. This project aimed to understand the relationships that link the environmental modifications, the mineral balance, the colloidal and functional properties of the casein micelles. The impact of five modifying factors (pH, Na3Cit, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2) of the casein micelles were studied and the focus was placed on emulsion and rennet coagulation fuThe former only induce the swelling of casein micelles while the latter led to their disruption into smaller aggregates. NaCl had no impact on the micellar mineral content but also caused the release of small aggregates, as revealed by electronic microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering analyses. The decisive role of micellar calcium phosphate on the functionalities was confirmed and this study highlighted the importance of monitoring the release of small aggregates, as they strongly affected emulsions stability and gels firmness. CaCl2 and MgCl2 additions slightly increased the mineral c
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Guekie, Simo Aubin Thibaut. "Effets de la variation spatiale et temporelle des propriétés des terrains sur les défaillances des réseaux enterrés." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14679/document.
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Les interactions entre la nappe phréatique peu profonde et les réseaux d’assainissement sont en général très complexes. Dans le but d’étudier l’impact des variations du niveau de la nappe phréatique sur les dégradations des conduites, un modèle hydrogéologique numérique tridimensionnel (3D) de la nappe phréatique ayant un aquifère multicouche au sein d’une zone de 83 km2 de l’agglomération bordelaise (Mérignac, Pessac, Talence) a été développé, calibré et validé. Pour ce faire, un modèle conceptuel de cet aquifère multicouche a dans un premier temps été défini sur la base des descriptions lithostratigraphiques des forages. Puis un travail géostatistique a été entrepris pour construire les limites des formations géologiques et les cartes piézométriques issues de campagnes de mesures de hauteurs d’eau de la nappe phréatique. Nous avons par la suite développé une méthodologie originale de transformation de l’information lithologique au droit des sondages en perméabilités, puis en champs de perméabilités en utilisant des méthodes géostatistiques. Dans un second temps, les conditions hydrogéologiques ont été simulées en utilisant le logiciel Visual Modflow ©. Les paramètres hydrogéologiques ont été calibrés manuellement et automatiquement sur la base des niveaux d’eau mesurés lors des campagnes de juillet 2010, octobre 2010 et mars 2011. La validation du modèle qui s’est effectuée en simulant les cotes piézométriques au pas mi-décadaire allant de juin 1993 à mai 2012 montre que les chroniques piézométriques observées sur les 35 piézomètres du domaine étudié sont correctement restituées et la dynamique de la nappe phréatique est reproduite. Dans un dernier temps, les distributions spatiales et temporelles des cotes piézométriques simulées ont permis d’identifier les zones d’ennoiement des réseaux d’assainissements en comparant les cotes piézométriques aux cotes des réseaux. Ces zones d’ennoiement ont été comparées aux principaux secteurs de casses de canalisations. Les secteurs de casses de canalisations sont localisés dans les zones à faible probabilité d’ennoiement des conduites. L’environnement naturel hydrogéologique pris comme paramètre isolé ne constitue donc pas un facteur explicatif au phénomène de casses des canalisationsThe interactions between shallow groundwater and sewer network are generally complex. The aim of this research is to study the impact of the water table level variation on the damages of the buried pipes. For this purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical groundwater flow model of the shallow multi-aquifer of the Bordeaux urban area, within a 83 km2 area (Mérignac, Pessac, Talence), is developed, calibrated and validated. In order to do this, in a first step, a conceptual model was built based on stratigraphic descriptions of the boreholes. A geostastistical study was carried out to build the limits of the geological layers and the piezometrical maps from the measurement campaigns of water table levels. Then, an original methodology to transform the description of lithological units to local hydraulic conductivity values is proposed and the reconstruction of hydraulic conductivity fields at the urban scale was performed based on geostatistical methods. In a second step, hydrogeological conditions were simulated using the finite-difference groundwater flow model MODFLOW-2005 (Visual Modflow ©). The hydrogeological parameters were then calibrated manually and automatically based on water table elevation data measured in July 2010, October 2010 and March 2010. The model validation covered 6890 days, from June 1993 to may 2012. The results showed that the simulated heads are quite accurate and reproduce the main dynamics of the system at 35 piezometers. The spatial and temporal distribution of the heads of the piezometers simulated permitted to identify the flooding zones of the sewer network by comparing the piezometric head with the altitude of the networks. The sectors where the pipes are damaged were localized in the zone wherein there is low probability of flooding. Additionally, the natural hydrologic environment, taken as a sole factor, cannot explain the pipe breakage phenomena
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Černý, Miroslav. "Hybridní směsi na bázi recyklovaných plastů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-369742.
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Work describes the relationship between structure and mechanical properties in case of hybrid mixtures. They are composed from polyurethane matrices (eventually polyurethane-urea or polyurethane-inorganic filler mixtures), different rubber fractions as filler and eventually reinforcement made from PET monofilaments. Mechanical behaviour was studied by tensile testing. Studied mechanical properties include tensile modulus, ultimate strength and strain and also specific energy need neccessary for ultimate strength achievement. Prepared materials are naturally porous. Therefore their mechanical behaviour has to be described generally for porous composites. The porosity occurence means, that it is difficult to describe them by models valid for mechanical behaviour (mainly elastic modulus) of nonporous composites. Models are also based on idealized structures on microscopic level. In case of porous composites, it is very difficult to create any idealized structure. The structure is changed with modifications of composition (change of components or their rates). These conditions have lead to utilizing of different approach how to describe the relationship between structure and mentioned mechanical properties. The chosen approach comes from knewledge about structural parametres coming from porosity. Structural parameters describe the structure on macroscopic level. They include interspace volume (volume lying between filler particles), interspace filling (how the matrix fills the interspace volume) and matrix volume fraction. Proposed parameters are used in relations, where they are fitted by exponents to interlay values of chosen mechanical properties for composites containing discrete matrix and filler. Found exponents are then described by properties of matrices to obtain relations describing properties of filled porous materials. Very similar approach was chosen for description in the case of reinforced composites. Proposed relation are potentially valid for materials containing binding matrix, infinity count of fillers and one kind of reinforcement.
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Guadagni, Simone. "Mathematical models for blood flow." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1262449.
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This thesis deals with the mathematical modelling of hemorheology that consists in the study of blood flow either as a homogeneous fluid or as suspension of cells in plasma.
we will look at a few areas of hemorheology. In particular, we will deal with microcirculation, the part of the circulatory system that includes venules, arterioles, and capillaries. The microcirculation plays a fundamental role in the circulatory system, as it is the part of the system responsible for trans- porting blood to the periphery.
Specifically, in this thesis we will analyze the blood flow that occurs in vessels whose diame- ter is between about 100 and 500 micrometers. In this “segment”two important phenomena occur that are not yet fully explained.
The first fundamental phenomenon is the F ̊ahraeus-Lindqvist effect, which is observed in vessels with diameter less than about 500μm. It consists in a variation in blood viscosity according to the vessel’s diameter through it flows.
The second phenomenon of greatest importance to the physiology of the microcir- culatory system is the vasomotion, a rhythmical contraction-relaxation mechanism of microvessels, that regulates fluid and nutrient exchange between the vascular system and peripheral tissues.
This thesis is devoted to the mathematical modeling of these two phenomena, for which, as already mentioned, there are even nowadays no exhaustive theoretical explanations.
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Otaki, Chia, and 張嘉瀧. "A MCDM Model for Casino Service Quality." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37288842530164120483.
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碩士稻江科技暨管理學院
休閒遊憩與旅運管理學系碩士班
103
Abstract The purpose of this study is to construct a decision making model for casino managers to improve the service quality. This paper uses decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and DEMATEL-based analytical network process (DANP) to explore the interrelationship and influential weights within dimensions/criteria. The empirical findings reveal that the criteria of casino service quality possessed a self-effect relationship based on DEMATEL technique. Based on the influential network relation map (INRM), the dimension that managers should improve first when improving casino service quality is tangibility. In the ten criteria, polite of casino personnel is the most important criterion, followed by providing exclusive services, understand customer needs, proper accounts, records accurate, dedicated service, prompt service, professionals, staff appearance, and environmental equipment. Keywords: casino service quality, MCDM, DEMATEL, ANP
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YAN-LIANG, CHEN, and 陳彥良. "A MCDM Model for Exploring Casino Sites." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61708678678358601100.
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碩士稻江科技暨管理學院
休閒遊憩管理學系碩士班
103
The purpose of this paper is to build a decision making model for casino managers to improve the casino sites. This paper uses decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and DEMATEL-based analytical network process (DANP) to explore the interrelationship and influential weights within dimensions/criteria. The empirical findings reveal that the criteria of casino sites possessed a self-effect relationship based on DEMATEL technique. According to the influential network relation map (INRM), the dimension that managers should improve first when improving casino sites is geographical features. In the ten criteria, tourist resources is the most important criterion, followed by waste disposal, ecological balance, transport facilitation, transport costs, labor supply, government policies, public support, location and land use.
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Hong, Ci-Ting, and 洪啟庭. "The Intraocular Pressure-Lowing Activity of Semen Cassia in DBA/2J Mice Glaucoma Model." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79501755031347200747.
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碩士大仁科技大學
製藥科技研究所
100
Background: Glaucoma is mainly cause of blindness in the world. Visual loss in glaucoma typically involves retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve atrophy subsequent to a pathologic elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP). The Semen Cassia (Jue Ming Zi) were used to cure glaucoma in ancient China. In this study, we evaluate the potential of Cassia tora in the treatment of glaucoma. Method： Young (mean ages：3 months) inherited glaucoma mice (BDA/2J; n=26) and health mice (C57BL/6J; n=10) were enrolled in this study. To evaluate the potential of Semen Cassia the treatment of glaucoma,, all animals were divided into six groups. There were one shame group, two groups of control(topical brimonidine instillation and oral acetazolamide), and three groups treated by semen cassiae extract (low, middle and high doses). The anti-glaucoma effect of Semen Cassia was access by LDH and IOP. The side effect was investigated, too. Results: In result 1: LDH level was significantly lower than the baseline with the treatment of brimonide, middle and high doses of Semen Cassia. In result 2: the IOP was also lower than the pre-treatment level with the treatment of two lowering IOP drugs and any doses of Semen Cassia. In result 3: abnormal weight gain occurred after approximately five weeks with taking oral acetazolamide. In result 4: we found renal tubular focal atrophy and mild hepatocyte aptosis combined with inflammatory cells in the oral acetazolamide group. Besides, corneal opacity was found in topical brimonide instillation group, and the results of pathology showed subepithelial deposits and cystic degeneration within stromal layer. Conclusion: The ability to lower IOP and the activity of antioxidants in the middle and high doses of Jue Min Zi were equal to the groups of brimonide and acetazolamide used. The Semen Cassia is a relatively safe Chinese herbal medicine because no side effect was observed such as body weight loss, pathologic change. Perhaps, combination of the extracts of Semen Cassia with other anti-glaucoma drugs in treating the development and progression of glaucoma in the future could be expected.
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"Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of a Clinical PET System With GATE Software and Monte Carlo Model." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57231.
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abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive molecular imaging technique widely used for the quantification of physiological and biochemical processes in preclinical and clinical research. Due to its fundamental role in the health care system, there is a constant need for improvement and optimization of its scanner systems and protocols leading to a dedicated active area of research for PET. (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) is a simulation platform designed to model and analyze a medical device. Monte Carlo simulations are essential tools to assist in optimizing the data acquisition protocols or in evaluating the correction methods for improved image quantification. Using GATE along with Customizable and Advanced Software for Tomographic Reconstruction (CASToR), provides a link to reconstruct the images.
The goal of this thesis is to learn PET systems that involve Monte Carlo methods, GATE software, CASToR software to model, simulate and analyze PET systems using three clinical PET systems as a template. Fluorine-18 radioisotope source is used to perform measurements on the modeled PET systems. Parameters such as scatter-fraction, random-fraction, sensitivity, count rate performance, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and time of flight (ToF) are analyzed to determine the performance of the systems. Also, the simulated data are provided as input to CASToR software and Amide's a Medical Image Data Examiner (AMIDE) tool to obtain the reconstructed images which are used to analyze the reconstruction capability of the simulated models. The Biograph Vision PET model has high sensitivity (11.159 cps/MBq) and SNR (12.556) while the Ultra-High Resolution (UHR) PET model has high resolution of the reconstructed image.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Engineering 2020
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Böhm, Anke [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Proteolyse von para-k-Casein : vom Modell zum Käse / von Anke Böhm." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969446993/34.
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MATULOVÁ, Jana. "Study of the Role of Casein Kinase I epsilon in Breast Cancer Using Drosophila as a Model." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47584.
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A particular allele of the Drosophila discs overgrown locus called dco3 leads to hyperplastic overgrowth of imaginal wing discs. Since high rate of mutations in human homologue of the dco gene coding Casein kinase I epsilon was found in breast cancer tissue samples, I attempted to recreate the observed mutations in the Drosophila genome.
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Reast, Jon, A. Lindgreen, J. Vanhamme, and F. Maon. "The Manchester Super Casino: experience and learning in a cross-sector social partnership." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6150.
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The management of cross-sector social partnerships (CSSPs) among government, business, and not-for-profit entities can be complex and difficult. This article considers the importance of organizational experience and learning for the successful development of CSSPs. By analyzing the Manchester Super Casino, this research emphasizes the significant benefits of prior experience with CSSPs that enable partners to learn and develop relationships, skills, and capabilities over time, which then have positive influences on future performance. The result is a refined learning model of the CSSP process that includes key variables for CSSP success. As such, these findings provide a template for managing complex CSSPs from the perspective of the different partner organizations.
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Reast, Jon, F. Maon, A. Lindgreen, and J. Vanhamme. "Legitimacy-seeking organizational strategies in controversial industries: a case study analysis and a bidimensional model." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6151.
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Controversial industry sectors, such as alcohol, gambling, and tobacco, though long-established, suffer organizational legitimacy problems. The authors consider various strategies used to seek organizational legitimacy in the U.K. casino gambling market. The findings are based on a detailed, multistakeholder case study pertaining to a failed bid for a regional supercasino. They suggest four generic strategies for seeking organizational legitimacy in this highly complex context: construing, earning, bargaining, and capturing, as well as pathways that combine these strategies. The case analysis and proposed bidimensional model of generic legitimacy-seeking strategies contribute to limited literature on organizational legitimacy in controversial industry sectors. In addition, beyond organizations active in controversial contexts, this study and its implications are useful for individuals and organizations supporting or opposing the organizational legitimacy of organizations in controversial industries.
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Partschefeld, Claudia. "Enzymatisch vernetzte Milchproteine: Reaktionsorte und funktionelle Konsequenzen." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25921.
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In der Lebensmittelindustrie steht die Entwicklung neuer innovativer Produkte im Vordergrund. Insbesondere die Modifizierung von Proteinen durch den Einsatz des Enzyms mikrobielle Transglutaminase (mTG) bietet hier neue Ansatzpunkte. Das Enzym verknüpft die γ-Carboxamidgruppe proteingebundenen Glutamins mit der ε-Aminogruppe von Lysin unter Bildung sogenannter Isopeptidbindungen. Durch diese Reaktion erreicht man eine gezielte Veränderung funktioneller Eigenschaften der Proteine wie z.B. Gelbildung, Löslichkeit, Wasserbindevermögen, Emulgier- und Schäumungsverhalten. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden grundlegende Forschungen zur Aufklärung des Mechanismus der mTG-katalysierten Proteinquervernetzungsreaktion im Hinblick auf das Lebensmittel Milch durchgeführt.
Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit dem Ablauf der mTG-katalysierten Reaktion innerhalb der Caseinmicellen und dessen Effekt auf die Micellstruktur. Es zeigte sich, dass durch mTG die Caseine in der micellaren Struktur fixiert werden und der extramicellare Caseinanteil abnimmt. Hierbei wird β-Casein stärker vernetzt als αs-Casein. Infolge dieser intramicellaren Caseinquervernetzung wird die Stabilität der micellaren Struktur sowohl gegenüber destabilisierenden Reagenzien (EDTA, Ethanol, GDL), mechanischen Parametern (Hochdruck) sowie einer enzymatischen Proteolyse (Chymotrypsin, Pepsin) signifikant verbessert. Vermutlich werden die Isopeptide hierfür netzartig vorwiegend zwischen den β-Caseinen in der äußeren Micellschicht ausgebildet.
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit stand die Identifizierung der Reaktionsorte, d.h. die an der enzymatischen Vernetzung beteiligten Gln- und Lys-Reste, im Vordergrund, um den Einfluss der Proteinstruktur auf die Spezifität der mTG zu erfassen. Bei der Bestimmung der Reaktionsorte für β-Casein konnten 5 der 21 Gln-Reste und 3 der 11 Lys-Reste als zugänglich für mTG eingestuft werden. Für β-Lactoglobulin konnten unter Normaldruck 3 der 15 Lys-Reste aber keine Gln-Reste durch das Enzym markiert werden. Unter Hochdruck bei 400 MPa wurden 4 der 9 Gln-Reste sowie zwei weitere Lys-Reste als mTG-reaktiv nachgewiesen. Die Lage dieser Reaktionsorte im Protein zeigte, dass Gln-Reste bevorzugt durch mTG modifiziert werden, welche in hydrophoben Proteinabschnitten lokalisiert sind und große hydrophobe Aminosäuren N-seitig sowie positiv geladene Aminosäuren C-seitig aufweisen. Die Lys-Reste werden nur durch mTG angegriffen, wenn diese neben Aminosäuren mit ungeladenen bzw. positiv geladenen Seitenketten lokalisiert sind, während die Nachbarschaft zu negativ geladenen Aminosäuren sowie zu Aminosäuren mit ungeladenen polaren (hydrophilen) Seitenketten die Angreifbarkeit verhindert. Weiterhin zeigte eine Bestimmung der reaktiven Gln- und Lys-Reste im β-Casein innerhalb der Caseinmicelle, dass die Zugänglichkeit für mTG durch die Micellstruktur deutlich vermindert ist. Es wird vermutet, dass in der Caseinmicelle eine Art Vorstrukturierung der β-Caseine existiert.
Abschließend wurden die Ergebnisse für einen Vorschlag eines Micellmodells herangezogen. Das im Rahmen der Arbeit vorgeschlagene Micellmodell beruht auf dem Internal Structure Modell, im speziellen auf dem „dual bonding model“ nach Horne, welches weiter charakterisiert werden konnte. So wird vermutet, dass β-Casein hauptsächlich im äußeren Micellbereich lokalisiert ist, während sich die αs-Caseine eher im Micellinneren befinden. β-Casein ist hierbei in laminaren Schichten angeordnet, wobei die hydrophilen Köpfe den größtmöglichen Abstand zueinander haben und hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen zwischen den hydrophoben Schwänzen ausgebildet werden können. Wird die Micelle nun mit mTG behandelt, so kann ausgehend von diesem Modell die quervernetzte Caseinmicelle als „GiOTTO® -Modell“ dargestellt werden. Dieses ist aus einem „festen äußeren Mantel“ aus quervernetzten β-Caseinen (Isopeptidnetzwerk) und einem „weichen Kern“ aus nur gering vernetzten αs-Caseinen zusammengesetzt.
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Dahnke, Michael. "»Wer konkurriert womit worum?« Ein neues Literaturpreis-Modell." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-877C-D.
Full textAbstract:
Literaturpreise sind ein Phänomen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ihre Zahl ist im deutschsprachigen Raum in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich gestiegen. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit über mehrere Jahre erfolgte Forschung hat gezeigt, dass für ein umfassendes Verständnis dieser Art Preise zwingend weitere Akteure in den Blick zu nehmen sind. Neben den Vertretern Preise vergebender Organisationen, den Autoren und Geldgebern sind das die Juroren, die Repräsentanten der Verlage einschließlich weiterer Literatur vermarktender Unternehmen sowie die ›reinen‹ Leser.
In der Dissertation werden literarische Auszeichnungen zunächst innerhalb der literaturwissenschaftlichen Forschung verortet. Dafür werden sie aus drei verschiedenen Blickwinkeln vorgestellt: einem historischen, einem kontextuellen und einem begrifflichen. Anschließend wird die bisherige Forschung zu Literaturpreisen vorgestellt und das Potential des bisher einzigen Modells deutschsprachiger Literaturpreise gewürdigt. Der neue Ansatz besteht aus drei Komponenten: erstens einer theoretischen Modellierung der genannten sechs Arten von Akteuren. Diese werden als über bestimmte Möglichkeiten verfügende ›Konkurrenten‹ betrachtet, die sich um für sie spezifische ›Konkurrenzobjekte‹ bemühen. Die zweite Komponente ist die diachrone und asynchrone Beschreibung literarischer Auszeichnungen. So können mehrere, zeitlich einander folgende Verleihungen einer Auszeichnung genauso wie gleichzeitig stattfindende Vergaben verschiedener Preise sowie die dabei erfolgenden Handlungen der einzelnen Akteure theoriegeleitet zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt und analysiert werden. Die dritte Komponente ist Bourdieus ›literarisches Feld‹. Es wird als für diese Akteure zentraler Bereich vorausgesetzt.
Die Vorzüge der diachronen Betrachtung werden unter anderem mit zwei für die Geschichte des Bremer Literaturpreises wichtigen Konflikten der Jahre 1959/60 und 1979/80 belegt. Auch der Streit um die Verwendung des Namens ›Thomas Mann‹ für zwei verschiedene literarische Auszeichnungen in den Jahren 2008 und 2009 zeigt deutlich: Das für Literaturpreise relevante Geschehen spielt sich keineswegs nur jeweils zwischen den Vertretern einer einen Preis vergebenden Organisation und einem oder mehreren Autoren ab. Darum müssen auch Konflikte zwischen den Mitgliedern mehrerer Preise vergebender Organisationen theoretisch modellierbar sein. Weiter werden mit dem Modell Erklärungen dafür angeboten, warum nicht immer alle Auszeichnungen die von den Gründern gewünschten Wirkungen erzielen. Schließlich gilt der Finanzierbarkeit von Literaturpreisen ein besonderes Augenmerk.
Bei der Forschung für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden fast ausschließlich Quellen zu Preise verleihenden Organisationen benutzt. Nach deren systematischer Auswertung ist klar geworden, welche Objekte und Mittel für die Vertreter der einzelnen Konkurrentengruppen überhaupt in Frage kommen. Die Kenntnisse über die verschiedenen Arten Konkurrenten sind möglicherweise noch deutlich erweiterbar, wenn darüber hinausreichende Quellen zu Autoren, Juroren und Verlagsrepräsentanten sowie die anderer Literatur vermarktender Unternehmen hinzu gezogen würden. Dafür werden am Ende der Arbeit Vorschläge unterbreitet.