Journal articles: 'Cashmere'

1

Salehi, Mohammed, Masood Asadi-Fozi, Ahmad Mirhadi, and Majid Afshar. "Environmental Factors Affecting Fleece Traits in Raeini Cashmere Goat." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 15 (January 1, 2010): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol15iss0pp15-19.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate some environmental factors (sex, age and management system) on fibrecharacteristics of Raeini Cashmere goats in Baft stations (BS) and of Raeini Cashmere goats raised in nomadic conditions (NC) as commercial flocks. Fiber samples including cashmere and hair were taken from 150 and 120 Raeini Cashmere goats (aged 1-8 years old) from BS and NC, respectively. The Fleece traits measured included staple length (SL), percentage of cashmere in fleece (C), percentage of guard hair in fleece (H), cashmere's mean fiber diameter (CMFD) and the coefficient of variation of cashmere's fiber diameter (CVFD). Mean SL, C, H, CMFD and CVFD in BS were 6.35 ±0.1 cm, 66.51± 0.72 %, 33.5 ± 0.72 %, 20.19 ±0.11 micron and 19.57± 0.21% and thosein NC were 5.62 ± 0.1 cm, 69.06 ± 0.74 %, 30.94 ±0.74 %, 19.53±0.15 micron and 17.88 ± 0.19 %, respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the two production management systems for all traits investigated. The value for C was significantly higher in males than females (P<0.05). The results showed that the fleece traits were affected by age. However, the effect of age on these traits was not the same. Significant phenotypic correlations were found between SL and CMFD (0.16) and between SL and CVFD (0.13). The results of this study indicated that the fixed effects of age, sex and management systems as well as the relationship between fleece traits should be considered in the Raeini Cashmere goat breeding programs.

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Yang, Liu, Jian Zhong Yang, and Long Li. "Study on Coiled Fiber Height Distribution of Variable Cashmere Surface." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2327.

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The study on variable cashmere of pilling is a worldwide problem. The cashmeres pilling performance more complex due to the influence of subjective and objective factors in the environment, nutrition, genetics, rearing methods, and difficulties. Coiled fibers of variable cashmere sweater surface have a certain impact to the cashmere sweater pilling characteristics. The tests showed that the distribution of the coiled fiber height appear a single peak shape. The height of the coiled fiber is generally concentrated in the range of 1.5~1.8mm, and more pronounced decline as the number of fibers altitude increases. Especially in the range of 0~1 mm the more closer to the cashmere sweater surface, more coiled fiber existed. The tests showed that the parts exist in the coiled fibers pilling more serious, while pilling phenomenon appear on fewer parts, less present to quantity of coiled fibers and the height of the coiled fiber. Study on the height distribution of coil fibers is necessary.

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Lin, Hai Tao, Fang Jiang, Hui Su, and Jiwei Huang. "Study on Cashmere Fibers Shrink-Proofing by Enzyme Based on Fuzz Mathematics Method." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2830.

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Cashmere shrink-proofing effect by enzyme can't achieve ideal shrink-proof effect, so hydrogen peroxide + Savinase protease combined treatment was selected to treat cashmere fiber. In this paper, the included angle cosine method was used to determine the empowerment weight, and used the fuzzy matter-element analysis to fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the experimental index, the optimum conditions is: hydrogen peroxide pretreatment temperature 35 °C, time 45min, H2O2 40ml / L, pH 9, pyrophosphate 5g / L, the temperature of enzyme treatment 35 °C, time 25min, concentration 40ml / L, pH 9. After cashmere fibers were treated in hydrogen peroxide and Savinase protease combined treatment, cashmere’s Shrink-proofing is well.

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4

Dörrie, Doris, and Gustav A. Richar. "Cashmere." Chicago Review 43, no. 3 (1997): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25304184.

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5

Faust, Marie-Eve. "Cashmere." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 41, no. 11/12 (November 15, 2013): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-05-2013-0117.

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6

Duan, Chunhui, Jianhai Xu, Yu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yabo Sun, and Zhihai Jia. "Effects of melatonin implantation on cashmere growth, hormone concentrations and cashmere yield in cashmere-perennial-type Liaoning cashmere goats." Animal Production Science 57, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15183.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin implants on cashmere growth, the concentrations of plasma melatonin and prolactin and the total cashmere yield in cashmere-perennial-type Liaoning cashmere goats. Twenty female goats were assigned to two treatments (n = 10) including a control and a treatment in which melatonin (2 mg/kg bodyweight) was implanted in March and May, respectively. The experiment lasted for 153 days. Fibre samples were collected in July, August and April the following year (before cashmere harvest). Blood samples were taken monthly from March to August. Cashmere yield was recorded after harvest. In melatonin-treated goats, cashmere length and cashmere growth rate from April to July were significantly increased (P < 0.05), but no influence was observed (P > 0.05) in August. Implantation of melatonin significantly increased plasma melatonin concentrations (P < 0.05) and decreased prolactin concentrations from April to July compared with the control group (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in August (P > 0.05). Administration of melatonin increased the cashmere yield by 6.2% and the maximum cashmere length by 8.4%, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the cashmere fibre diameter was not influenced by melatonin implantation (P > 0.05). The results also indicated that plasma melatonin concentrations were correlated with plasma prolactin in the regulation of cashmere growth. Implantation of melatonin was an effective way to promote cashmere growth, and administration during the cashmere slow-growing period improved cashmere production without changing cashmere fibre diameter in cashmere-perennial-type Liaoning cashmere goats.

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McGregor, B. A. "Influence of nutrition, fibre diameter and fibre length on the fibre curvature of cashmere." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 10 (2003): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01178.

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Raw and dehaired Australian and Chinese Liaoning cashmere were evaluated for cashmere fibre curvature, cashmere fibre length, resistance to compression, and mean fibre diameter. Tested cashmere originated from commercial lots, and previous experimental samples. In Australian goats, cashmere fibre curvature was dependent on nutrition. Goats fed to lose weight grew cashmere with significantly (P<0.05) increased fibre curvature compared with goats fed to gain weight (61 v. 47°/mm) but total fibre curvature (fibre curvature × fibre length) was not affected by nutrition treatment. In raw Liaoning cashmere, there was a significant (P<0.001) difference between each age and sex group in fibre curvature (bucks 52; does 65; kid bucks 78°/mm). Increasing Liaoning cashmere staple crimp frequency by 1/cm was correlated with an increase in fibre curvature of 6.5°/mm (r2 = 0.61). In raw and dehaired Australian and Liaoning cashmere, increasing mean fibre diameter and cashmere fibre length was associated with decreasing fibre curvature (for each 3 μm increase in mean fibre diameter fibre curvature declined 10–41°/mm; for each 10 mm increase in cashmere fibre length fibre curvature declined 3–13°/mm). Increasing cashmere mean fibre diameter was positively correlated with dehaired cashmere fibre length (for each 3 μm change in mean fibre diameter there was a change of 7–23 mm in length). In Australian and Liaoning cashmere, the direction of responses to changes in cashmere fibre attributes measured on the fibre curvature was similar. In raw Australian and Liaoning cashmere, increasing the ratio of cashmere fibre length:mean fibre diameter was associated with reduced fibre curvature. It was concluded that the high fibre curvature of Liaoning cashmere may be a consequence of low mean fibre diameter and short fibre length resulting from a production system where goats are relatively poorly fed. The results suggest that for Australian cashmere, only a certain number of crimps are produced. As such, crimp frequency in Australian cashmere is time dependent and not length dependent. Producers can manipulate the fibre curvature attributes of their cashmere by altering cashmere production via nutrition management. Preparation and testing procedures for the selling of raw cashmere and definitions of cashmere may need to be revised to include fibre curvature.

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Duan, Chun-hui, Jian-hai Xu, Yu Zhang, Zhi-hai Jia, and Wei Zhang. "Melatonin and cashmere growth in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0018.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of melatonin implants on cashmere growth and productive performance of cashmere goats. A total of thirty female goats were assigned to one of three treatments (n = 10), including control and two treatments where melatonin [2 mg kg−1 body weight (BW)] was implanted either in April and June or in June. Compared with the control, implantation in April and June increased cashmere yield and maximum cashmere length by 20.3% and 15.7%, respectively (P < 0.01), with an average initiation date of 22 May 2013 and cessation date of 26 Mar. 2014. In contrast, no cashmere growth was observed in control goats until 19 June 2013 and the growth ceased on 3 Apr. 2014. Melatonin only implanted in June had no effect on cashmere yield and maximum cashmere length, with an average initiation date of 5 June 2013 and cessation date of 27 Mar. 2014. Cashmere growth rate, cashmere fiber diameter, the final BW, and average daily gain were not influenced by melatonin implantation. Results suggested that melatonin implantation during the cashmere nongrowing period is an effective way to stimulate cashmere growth and extend the cashmere growth phase with April and June identified as the most appropriate time for implantation.

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Celi, Raffaele, Francesco Toteda, Anna Maria Facciolongo, Antonia Zarrilli, and Giuseppe Marsico. "Cashmere production from Scottish Cashmere kids and crossbreed Scottish Cashmere x Jonica kids." Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, no. 4 (January 2009): 647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2009.647.

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10

Rafat, S. A., D. Shodja, and H. Karimi. "The effects of nutrition and age on characteristics of fibers Raeini Cashmere goat." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620001348x.

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Traditionally goats are indeed important in Iran especially for milk and fibers. This country has nearly 5000000 cashmere producing goat, which produce approximately 1500 metric ton of raw cashmere. So research on environmental factors which have effect on cashmere production, is very vital to economy of the country. Raeini breed is the most productive Cashmere goat in Iran. However, There are no detailed descriptions of the effects of nutrition on cashmere characteristics in Raeini goat. There is some debate on the effects of nutrition on cashmere growth. In some studies cashmere growth does not respond to increased feed intake above maintenance. While some reviewers have concluded that nutrition does influence cashmere growth (McGregor, 1998). The objective of this study was to describe the effects of feeding level on the cashmere growth of Raeini female goats at two different ages.

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11

Wu, Ziyuan, Chunhui Duan, Yan Li, Tao Duan, Fang Mo, and Wei Zhang. "Short communication: Melatonin implantation during the non-growing period of cashmere increases the cashmere yield of female Inner Mongolian cashmere goats by increasing fiber length and density." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): e06SC01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/20181614-11053.

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This study aimed to evaluate if melatonin implantation at the end of April and June was able to increase cashmere production in female Inner Mongolian cashmere goats and to search for contributing factors accounting for the melatonin increasing in cashmere production. One hundred and fifty female Inner Mongolian cashmere goats (initial body weight 37.2 ± 3.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either a control (n=75) or a treatment (n=75) group. Goats in the treatment group were implanted with melatonin (2 mg/kg of body weight) on April 30 and June 30, 2014 while goats in the control received no treatment. Melatonin implantation increased cashmere yield by 23.4% while increasing the length and density of the cashmere fiber by 19.8% and 11.4%, whereas it decreased cashmere fiber diameter by 4.4%. Melatonin treatment had no effect on doe growth, litter size or birth and weaning weights of kid. Melatonin implantation promoted cashmere yield by increasing fiber length and density without impacting the performance of goats and their offspring. Therefore, melatonin implantation during the cashmere non-growing period (late April and June) is an effective way to increase cashmere yield and improve cashmere characteristics of goats.

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12

McGregor, B. A., and K. L. Butler. "Cashmere production and fleece attributes associated with farm of origin, age and sex of goat in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 8 (2008): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06308.

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Differences in cashmere production and fleece attributes associated with farm of origin, age and sex were quantified for commercial Australian cashmere goat enterprises. From 11 farms in four states, 1147 does and 97 wethers were monitored, representing 1- to 13-year-old goats. Individual clean cashmere production ranged from 21 to 389 g, with a mean ± standard deviation value of 134 ± 62 g. The mean cashmere production of 2-year-old does from different farms varied from 69 to 225 g and averaged 141 g. Mean ± s.d. greasy fleece weight was 394 ± 123 g, clean washing yield was 90.8 ± 4.1%, clean cashmere yield 33.4 ± 9.4%, cashmere fibre diameter 16.4 ± 1.6 µm, fibre curvature 48 ± 8.7 degrees/mm and staple length 8.7 ± 2.1 cm. There were large, commercially significant differences between farms for clean cashmere weight, mean fibre diameter and other attributes of cashmere. These were much larger than the effects of age and sex. Farm and age accounted for 42 to 67% of the variation in clean cashmere production, mean fibre diameter, fibre curvature, staple length and clean washing yield. Farm of origin affected clean cashmere yield, accounting for 24% of the variation. Sex of the goats had only a minor effect on the staple length of cashmere. The responses to age of clean cashmere weight, mean fibre diameter and the inverse of fibre curvature are very similar. Generally, cashmere production and mean fibre diameter increased with age. For the majority of farms, cashmere fibre curvature declined in a curvilinear manner with increases in age of goat. There were large differences in cashmere staple length from different farms, with means ranging from 7 to 12 cm. Between 1 and 2 years of age, the staple length of cashmere demonstrated a constant proportional increase. At ages older than 2 years, staple length either declined or increased by less than 1 cm with age, depending on the farm of origin. This study demonstrates that there are large gains in productivity that can be achieved from Australian cashmere goats. A better understanding of on-farm factors that influence cashmere production would enable all producers to optimise their production systems.

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Dai, Bai, Hao Liang, Dong-dong Guo, Zhao-wei Bi, Jian-long Yuan, Yong Jin, Lei Huan, Xu-dong Guo, Ming Cang, and Dong-jun Liu. "The Overexpression of Tβ4 in the Hair Follicle Tissue of Alpas Cashmere Goats Increases Cashmere Yield and Promotes Hair Follicle Development." Animals 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010075.

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Increased cashmere yield and improved quality are some goals of cashmere goat breeding. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) plays a key role in the growth and development of hair follicles. For the past ten years, we have evaluated the role of Tβ4 by establishing a flock of 15 cashmere goats that specifically overexpress the Tβ4 gene in the hair follicles. These Tβ4 overexpression (Tβ4-OE) cashmere goats had more secondary hair follicles than the WT goats and produced more cashmere. Meanwhile, combined analysis of the skin transcriptome and proteome in cashmere goats suggested that Tβ4 may affect hair growth by interacting with keratin type II cytoskeletal 4 epidermal (KRT4) to mediate the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, thereby promoting the development of secondary hair follicles, and consequently, increasing cashmere yield. Thus, the specific overexpression of Tβ4 in the hair follicles of cashmere goats effectively increased the cashmere yield.

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14

Shimomura, T. "Special issue : New synthetic fibres.A cashmere-like materials "Cashmena"." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 45, no. 12 (1992): P600—P605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.45.12_p600.

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Stets, Robert, Sandhya Dwarkadas, Nikolaos Hardavellas, Galen Hunt, Leonidas Kontothanassis, Srinivasan Parthasarathy, and Michael Scott. "Cashmere-2L." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 31, no. 5 (December 1997): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/269005.266675.

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Jin, Meilin, Jian Lu, Xiaojuan Fei, Zengkui Lu, Kai Quan, Yongbin Liu, Mingxing Chu, Ran Di, Huihua Wang, and Caihong Wei. "Genetic Signatures of Selection for Cashmere Traits in Chinese Goats." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101905.

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Inner Mongolia and Liaoning cashmere goats in China are well-known for their cashmere quality and yield. Thus, they are great models for identifying genomic regions associated with cashmere traits. Herein, 53 Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, Liaoning cashmere goats and Huanghuai goats were genotyped, and 53,347 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were produced using the Illumina Caprine 50K SNP chip. Additionally, we identified some positively selected SNPs by analyzing Fst and XP-EHH. The top 5% of SNPs had selection signatures. After gene annotation, 222 and 173 candidate genes were identified in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning cashmere goats, respectively. Several genes were related to hair follicle development, such as TRPS1, WDR74, LRRC14, SPTLC3, IGF1R, PADI2, FOXP1, WNT10A and CSN3. Gene enrichment analysis of these cashmere trait-associated genes related 67 enriched signaling pathways that mainly participate in hair follicle development and stem cell pluripotency regulation. Furthermore, we identified 20 overlapping genes that were selected in both cashmere goat breeds. Among these overlapping genes, WNT10A and CSN3, which are associated with hair follicle development, are potentially involved in cashmere production. These findings may improve molecular breeding of cashmere goats in the future.

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Tian, Jun Ying, and Rui Dong Pang. "The Digital Ink-Jet Printing Properties of Cashmere Treated by Low-Temperature Plasma." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2488.

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Microwave low temperature plasma（LTP）which is a physical processing method is used to modify the physical and chemical properties of cashmere fiber, thus improve digital printability. The paper mainly studies the effects of low temperature plasmas modification on the scale structure, the change of chemical component, hydrophilicity, printing properties of cashmere. The results show that low temperature plasmas treatment can make cashmere fiber scale edge blunted but keep in the integrity of scale structure. Hydrophilicity of cashmere fiber is improved as lipid substances exposed to the surface of fiber are damaged and yielding hydrophilic groups. In digital printing process, the k/s values of cashmere pretreated by low temperature plasma are higher than untreated ones because of the micro-etching of low temperature plasmas and yielding hydrophilic groups on cashmere surface. Cashmere fiber modified by low temperature plasmas can be steamed at 90°C for 0.5h. The application research of low temperature plasmas to cashmere fiber modification can improve the quality of cashmere products and reduce water and energy consumption.

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Li, Qian, Long Li, and Jingfeng Shao. "Influence of Low-Temperature Dyeing Process on Physical Properties and Surface Morphology of Cashmere Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 1 (March 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700106.

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A low temperature dyeing process of cashmere has the advantages of saving energy and causing less damage to fibers. In this paper, the tensile properties of dyed cashmere by low-temperature dyeing and conventional dyeing were tested using a single fiber tensile tester. The surface morphologies of raw cashmere and dyed cashmere were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM pictures show that the damage of the surface scale of cashmere by low the temperature dyeing process was much less than by the conventional dyeing process, and the tensile strength of deyed cashmere fiber by low-temperature dyeing was found to be high. Light-color and medium-color cashmere fibers dyed with Pula dye by low-temperature dyeing have good color fastness.

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Kerven, Carol, Bruce McGregor, and Sabyr Toigonbaev. "Cashmere-producing goats in Central Asia and Afghanistan." Animal Genetic Resources Information 45 (October 2009): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233909990289.

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SummaryIndigenous goats of Central Asia and Afghanistan produce cashmere, the warm undercoat grown annually to protect them from cold winters. Cashmere is appreciated in luxury markets, but there are no efforts to conserve these goats. Commercial assessments of their fibre quality have recently been undertaken. Poorer villagers in the most climatically difficult remote desert and high altitude regions are particularly dependent on raising goats. Villagers in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan started selling raw cashmere mainly to Chinese traders in the 1990s. Afghan producers have been selling cashmere for a longer time. In comparison with China and Mongolia, Central Asian and Afghan producers sell their cashmere unsorted and at relatively low prices. Traders do not offer producers differentiated prices according to quality, but world commercial prices are highly sensitive to quality. Producers thus lose potential value. Summaries are given of tests on the quality of cashmere from samples of 1 592 goats in 67 districts and 221 villages from 2003 to 2008. There are cashmere goats in these sampled districts which produce the finest qualities of cashmere typical of Chinese and Mongolian cashmere. There is impetus to increase the production, commercial value and income for producers from cashmere produced by Central Asian goats.

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Huang, Li Xin. "Development of the Woolen 48Nm Cashmere Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2303.

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High-count cashmere is the inevitable requirement of the high-end yarn cashmere products.To the short of the high-count cashmere yarn production and the difficult of spinning,From raw material selection, technological process, equipment transformation, parameter optimization, temperature and humidity control and other aspects,we analysised the high-ount cashmere yarn production process and quality control system,The development of the woolen 48Nm cashmere yarn has been done,it is of first class.

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McGregor, B. A., and M. Z. Umar. "Production and quality of cashmere grown by adult wether goats fed low quality forage with supplements of either whole barley or lupin grain." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 6 (2000): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97123.

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The effects of the provision of cereal (barley) and legume (lupin) grain supplements when 50 adult wether cashmere goats were individually penned and fed on senescent temperate summer pasture (DDM 46.9%, N 0.67%, ME 6.2 MJ/kg DM) were investigated using a factorial experiment. The goats grazed senescent temperate pasture during summer before pen feeding for 9 weeks and were then grazed on germinating autumn pastures for 3 months until shorn in mid June. The production and quality of cashmere was affected by: (i) provision of whole grain supplements, (ii) type of supplementary grain fed, and (iii) level of feeding of supplementary grain. Unsupplemented goats grew 95 g cashmere with mean fibre diameter 17.01 m and mean cashmere fibre length 52 mm. During the period of pen feeding unsupplemented goats lost 95 g liveweight/day. Provision of whole grain supplements significantly increased total yearly cashmere growth to 179 g (+88%) which was 26 mm longer (50%) and 2.12 m coarser (26%) than cashmere grown by unsupplemented goats. Increasing the level of supplementary grain resulted in linear increases in feed intake, cashmere growth, fibre diameter and length. For each 100 g/day of lupin or barley grain fed during the pen-feeding period the regression coefficients indicated an extra 33 g of cashmere was grown, which was 0.6 m coarser and for barley 10 mm longer and for lupins 17 mm longer. Cashmere (fibre length/fibre diameter2) ratio was increased by supplementary feeding, increased feed level and liveweight gain during the experimental period. Relatively longer cashmere was produced as the level of nutrition increased. It is clear that a base diet of senescent temperate pasture that is low in digestible nutrients and low in nitrogen results in suppressed cashmere growth. Strategic grain supplementation for at least 9 weeks during late summer and autumn has the potential to significantly increase cashmere production and cashmere fibre length when adult cashmere goats are grazing pastures deficient in digestible energy and nitrogen. However feeding high levels of lupin and barley grain to adult goats is contra indicated as cashmere mean fibre diameter may exceed market limits. The practical application of the results is discussed in light of previous research.

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Li, Long, Fang Jiang, Guiqin Jia, and Wei Wang. "Anti-felting Oxidation Treatment of Cashmere Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 3 (September 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700315.

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Cashmere fiber produces felting during laundering because of its scale. In this work, anti-felting treatment of cashmere fibers was investigated using the potassium permanganate oxidizing method, and the optimum oxidizing treatment parameter was obtained through orthogonal experiment. The fibers felting, tensile property, scale morphology, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and directional frictional effect of oxidized cashmere fibers were also tested. Experimental results showed that optimum anti-felting condition of cashmere fiber was 3g/L potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for 20min under the condition at temperature 50°C and pH3. The felting assembly volume of oxidized cashmere decreased. XPS test showed that hydroxyl group (-OH) content of oxidized cashmere fiber lowed.

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Peterson, AD, and SG Gherardi. "Measurement of cashmere yield and mean fibre diameter using the optical fibre diameter analyser." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 4 (1996): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960429.

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A new technique was developed to measure the yield and mean fibre diameter of cashmere. The fibre diameter distribution of 2-mm snippets measured by the Optical Fibre Diameter Analyser (OFDA) was used to calculate cashmere yield of a goat fleece without dehairing. The total volume of fibres <35 and >35 �m was then calculated from the diameter distribution, and from this it was possible to predict the cashmere yield of 6 standards ranging from 10 to 60% yield (r2 = 0.98, n = 30). In addition, the Shirley Analyser was compared with the OFDA technique for measuring cashmere yield (r2 = 0.59, n = 110). OFDA estimates of cashmere yield were on average 10% higher (standard deviation � 7%) than those of the Shirley Analyser, indicating poor agreement between the 2 techniques. This is likely to be due to the Shirley Analyser and OFDA estimates of cashmere yield being affected by different fibre properties of the fleeces. There was good agreement between the Fibre Diameter Analyser (FDA) and the OFDA for measuring mean fibre diameter (MFD) of dehaired cashmere samples (r2 = 0.97, n = 108). There was also a good agreement in estimates of cashmere MFD between whole fleece and dehaired cashmere samples measured by the OFDA (r2 = 0.97, n = 77). Calculation of cashmere yield and down MFD by the OFDA has shown it to be accurate for measuring standard samples, and as precise as the Shirley Analyser. Therefore, the use of the OFDA is a potential low cost alternative to rank the value of cashmere goats for breeding.

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Cheng, Ling, and Jing Jing Sun. "Establishing the Model of Cashmere Knitted Fabric Style Evaluation Based on BP Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 2001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2001.

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This paper took KES fabric style instrument to test and evaluate basic physical properties and comprehensive style of 22 kinds of cashmere knitted fabrics or cashmere and yak cashmere blended knitted fabrics which have different structure, found basic structure parameters and mechanical property index were significantly correlated with cashmere knitted fabric style by correlation analysis, took BP neural network to analyze and train experimental data, established the model of cashmere knitted fabric style evaluation which is better to provide basis for practical production.

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McDonald, BJ. "Estimation of cashmere production from cashmere fibre length in goats." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 1 (1988): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880037.

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Length was measured in situ on 1329 male and female goats and significant (P< 0.01) linear relationships between cashmere length and the weight of cashmere produced was found in all age groups and sexes. Values ofR2ranged from 0.50 to 0.75, suggesting that cashmere length is a reasonable independent variable for predicting cashmere production. Pooling data provided significant (P< 0.01) linear regressions of cashmere production (g) on length (mm) for one group composed of 18-, 21-, 33-month wethers, 9- month bucks and non-pregnant and pregnant does (y = 2.03x - 16.86), and another group composed of 5- and 9-month does (y= 1.51x- 10.99). The 6 regressions developed from this study provide the basis of a simple inexpensive method of estimating cashmere production in groups of goats within a flock.

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Kloren, WRL, and BW Norton. "Fleece growth in Australian cashmere goats. II. The effect of pregnancy and lactation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931023.

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Groups of Australian cashmere does were randomly assigned to December, March, July and September kidding groups in two successive years, and cashmere and hair growth was compared to does not kidding in each year. There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of kidding time on cashmere growth rate. Kidding in December significantly (P < 0.05) delayed initiation of cashmere growth by around 2 weeks and occurred around February. Half of the does kidding in March failed to grow cashmere, and of the others, initiation date or rate of growth was not affected. Kidding in July advanced the cessation of cashmere growth to May compared with July in control does. Does kidding in September had cashmere growth cycles similar to those of control goats; however, fleece regrowth following shearing in June was significantly (P < 0.05) less. There were no consistent effects of kidding time on hair growth, but regrowth was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the March kidding group following shearing in June.

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Kloren, WRL, and BW Norton. "Fleece growth in Australian cashmere goats. IV. The role of prolactin in the initiation and cessation of cashmere growth." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931051.

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An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of prolactin (Prl) on the initiation and maintenance of cashmere growth. Intra-muscular injections of bromocryptine (0.5 mg/kg) three times per week were used to suppress Prl secretion from August to December or from January to June in two groups of three male and three female goats. Bromocryptine effectively suppressed Prl concentrations to below 10 ng/mL for the duration of the treatments. Initiation of cashmere growth goats injected in July to December occurred in January after high post-treatment levels of Prl began to decline. Cashmere growth of male control goats was considered unrepresentative of normal cashmere growth, but initiation in female control goats occurred in December. Bromocryptine treatment from January to June had no effect on active cashmere growth. but inhibited cashmere growth not already initiated. Bromocryptine injections had no effect on serum T4 concentrations. The results are discussed in relation to the role of Prl in the initiation, maintenance and cessation of cashmere growth. It was concluded that either natural or induced peaks of Prl concentrations were associated with the initiation (falling concentrations) and possibly also with the cessation of cashmere growth (rising concentrations).

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Bishop, S. C., and A. J. F. Russel. "Cashmere production from feral and imported cashmere goat kids." Animal Science 58, no. 1 (February 1994): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007170.

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AbstractCashmere production was evaluated on Scottish feral (F) goats, on goats imported from Iceland (I), Tasmania (T), New Zealand (N) and Siberia (S), and on two- and three-way crosses between feral and imported lines. Evaluations were based on the weight of cashmere in 10 cm2 mid-side patch samples taken at 5 months of age, with annual cashmere production being predicted from sample cashmere and body weights. Data were collected on 121 purebred and 706 crossbred kids of both sexes. Mean fibre diameter for the F, I, T, N and S lines was 13-75 (s.e. = 0.82), 14·04 (s.e. 0·41), 16·13 (s.e. 0·35), 16·63 (s.e. 0·49) and 17·97 (s.e. 0·50) μm, mean estimated annual cashmere production was 37·3 (s.e. 71·3), 914 (s.e. 31·7), 227·1 (s.e. 28·1), 275·1 (s.e. 42·5) and 579·8 (s.e. 44·7) g, and mean live weight was 15·71 (s.e. 2·16), 17·65 (s.e. 0·93), 16·39 (s.e. 0·83), 16·53 (s.e. 1·28) and 21·9 (s.e. 1·28) kg, respectively. Significant positive heterosis existed between some lines for body weight and cashmere production, with the I line goats consistently showing the largest effects. Combining fibre diameter and cashmere production by their relative economic importance into an index designed to indicate the total value of the fibre produced by each genotype, the cashmere production index, reduced the large production differences between the lines, although the S line was still superior to all other lines. When the cashmere production index was adjusted to account for the economic importance of fibre colour, however, the T and N lines, the only lines which produced white fibre, were comparable to the S line. The cashmere production index for the S line was very sensitive to changes in the relative economic weight for fibre diameter, and if the price differential for high quality (i.e. fine) fibre was increased by a factor of 1·36, or greater, then the T and N lines were superior to the S line. Three-way cross means were estimated from line means and heterosis effects. No cross was consistently superior to all other genotypes, but several of the crosses showed the advantages of potentially producing white fibre as well as having high cashmere production indexes, with their indexes being insensitive to changes in the relative economic weights. Future selection for cashmere production in this population should concentrate on individuals of outstanding genetic merit, regardless of their line or cross.

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Merchantt, M., and D. J. Riach. "Changes in skin and fleece characteristics of Scottish cashmere goats following selection for increased annual production and decreased fibre diameter." Animal Science 76, no. 3 (June 2003): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058732.

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AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to determine the mechanisms involved in changes in the production of cashmere as a consequence of genetic selection. Skin follicle parameters and pattern of cashmere growth were compared in two selected lines of Scottish cashmere goats and a randomly bred control line. One line, the fine line, had been selected for low fibre diameter, and this had resulted in lower fibre diameter, but the weight of cashmere produced had also been reduced. Selection for fibre quantity and quality to give maximum financial return (the value line) had increased cashmere weight without a significant increase in cashmere diameter.Skin follicle density and the ratio of secondary to primary follicles (S/P ratio) were measured at 5 months of age in 25 female kids from each line. The density of follicles in the value line was greater (P · 0.05) than that in the fine or control lines (means were 21·8, 19·8 and 20·1 follicles per mm2 respectively, s.e.d. 0.73). S/P ratio increased (P · 0.001) from control to fine to value lines (means were 6.5, 7.7 and 8.4 respectively, s.e.d. = 0.30).The rate of cashmere growth (length), peak cashmere length, the duration of the cashmere growing period and dates of initiation and cessation of growth were measured in the same 25 goats from each line between 2 and 3 years of age. These traits were estimated from the regression of measurements of staple length taken at approximately 6-weekly intervals from the start of the growing period until peak staple length was reached. Measurements were made on the shoulder, mid side and hip. There was no difference in cashmere growth rate between the selection lines (average 0·29 (s.e. 0.006) mm/day). Cashmere growth started earliest in the value line and latest in the fine line but the date of cessation of growth was not different. This affected the duration of the growing period which was 183, 163 and 214 days (s.e.d. 9.6, P · 0.001) for the control, fine and value lines respectively. Peak staple length of cashmere was longest in the value line.Increased weight of cashmere in the value line was brought about through an increase in the number of secondary follicles and by an increase in the length of cashmere due to an increase in the duration of the growing period.

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Xie, Fang, Xiao Ping Li, Xiu Li Wang, Li Qiu, and Ye Tian. "Influence of Low Temperature Dyeing Process on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cashmere Knitwear." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.44.

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In this paper, cashmere knitwear is dyed at a lower temperature compared to conventional dyeing, and its physical and mechanical properties are analyzed and compared. The results show that cashmere knitwear dyed at low temperature can improve cashmere knitwear quality. It is also shown that cashmere knitwear dyed at low temperature can have improved physical and mechanical properties, especially its strength, abrasion resistance and pilling resistance.

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Zheng, Yuan Y., Sheng D. Sheng, Tai Y. Hui, Chang Yue, Jia M. Sun, Dan Guo, Su L. Guo, et al. "An Integrated Analysis of Cashmere Fineness lncRNAs in Cashmere Goats." Genes 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040266.

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Animal growth and development are regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the functions of lncRNAs in regulating cashmere fineness are poorly understood. To identify the key lncRNAs that are related to cashmere fineness in skin, we have collected skin samples of Liaoning cashmere goats (LCG) and Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (MCG) in the anagen phase, and have performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach on these samples. The high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses identified 437 novel lncRNAs, including 93 differentially expressed lncRNAs. We also identified 3,084 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) out of 27,947 mRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of lncRNAs and target genes in cis show a predominant enrichment of targets that are related to intermediate filament and intermediate filament cytoskeleton. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, sphingolipid metabolism is a significant pathway for lncRNA targets. In addition, this is the first report to reveal the possible lncRNA–mRNA regulatory network for cashmere fineness in cashmere goats. We also found that lncRNA XLOC_008679 and its target gene, KRT35, may be related to cashmere fineness in the anagen phase. The characterization and expression analyses of lncRNAs will facilitate future studies on the potential value of fiber development in LCG.

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Kloren, WRL, BW Norton, and MJ Waters. "Fleece growth in Australian cashmere goats. III. The seasonal patterns of cashmere and hair growth, and association with growth hormone, prolactin and thyroxine in blood." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931035.

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The seasonal patterns of cashmere and hair growth, and prolactin, thyroxine and growth hormone concentration in blood were investigated in male, female and castrated male 6- month-old Australian cashmere goats for 27 months. Seasonal patterns of cashmere growth were distinct with length increasing from a minimum in December to maximum (50-60 mm) in July. Initiation of cashmere growth in female goats was consistently earlier than that of males, with that of castrates being similar, later and earlier than males in 1987, 1988 and 1989 respectively. The initiation of cashmere growth progressed in a wave from the hip to the shoulder (6 weeks). There were no significant effects of sex on maximum length of cashmere grown. Prolactin secretion was also seasonal, increasing from minimum values in July-August (20 ng/mL) to peak levels around December (50-350 ng/mL). Thyroxine concentrations were higher in summer than winter, but seasonal changes were not as distinct as those of prolactin. Growth hormone secretion was aseasonal, and declined with age. It has been proposed that peak levels of prolactin in December were associated with the initiation of cashmere growth, with active growth occurring as levels declined. Neither thyroxine nor growth hormone appear to have a regulatory influence on the cashmere growth cycle.

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Li, Long, and Jian Zhong Yang. "Study on Curly Elastic Properties of Variational Cashmere about Different Breeds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.527.

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Due to improved seed selection, changes in the natural environment and rearing methods and changes in the subjective and objective factors. Recent years, the curly elastic properties of cashmere fibers also occurs a certain degree of variation. Curly elastic properties affect the spinnability of the spinning, yarn pilling performance and fabric pilling performance, therefore the curly elastic properties of the variational cashmere fiber is very important to study. The curly elastic properties of the sheep species variational cashmere fiber, non-variant cashmere fiber, Australian superfine wool fibers were tested in this article. By the analysis of the data, the article obtained the variation of four variational cashmere fiber (coarse fiber, the dimorphic fiber, two fine fiber, cashmere fiber). The tests showed, for ewes, the coarse fiber’s curl, crimp recovery rate is creased significantly, the number of dimorphic fiber curl significantly lower. For rams, the two fine fiber curl, crimp modulus of elasticity and curl the response rate has significantly improved. With rams, ewes, the dimorphic fiber curl were significantly higher than non-variant cashmere.

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Zhang, Li Wen, Han Chen Liu, Xiang An Yan, Yao Heng Su, and Guo Qing Zhang. "Investigate into Variation Cashmere Fibers with Raman Spectra." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.251.

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There is much fluorescence for impurities on the variation cashmere fiber surface; the characteristic of the Raman spectrum is not obvious. Based on the orthogonal principle, variation cashmere fiber is purified by soaking in different component water/organic solvents, and cleaning with ultrasonic wave. Through measuring and analyzing the Raman spectrum, we confirm the optimal organic solvent system, soaking time and temperature for the cleanse technology of variation cashmere. The result shows that, the variation cashmere fiber is soaked in diethyl ether/aqueous organic solvent in the optimal condition, the Raman spectrum appears good peak-area ratio, and we get cleanest variation cashmere fiber.

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Wang, Lingyun, Xiya Yang, and Walid A. Daoud. "Mechanical energy harvester based on cashmere fibers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 24 (2018): 11198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00909k.

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A cashmere based mechanical energy harvester is developed for the first time. The surface properties of cashmere changed upon solvent treatment, thus impacting the electrification output where the highest output is achieved when cashmere is treated with Tween 20.

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Zhou, Jinfeng, Rongwu Wang, Xiongying Wu, and Bugao Xu. "Fiber-Content Measurement of Wool–Cashmere Blends Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 10 (June 6, 2017): 2367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817713480.

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Cashmere and wool are two protein fibers with analogous geometrical attributes, but distinct physical properties. Due to its scarcity and unique features, cashmere is a much more expensive fiber than wool. In the textile production, cashmere is often intentionally blended with fine wool in order to reduce the material cost. To identify the fiber contents of a wool–cashmere blend is important to quality control and product classification. The goal of this study is to develop a reliable method for estimating fiber contents in wool–cashmere blends based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. In this study, we prepared two sets of cashmere–wool blends by using either whole fibers or fiber snippets in 11 different blend ratios of the two fibers and collected the NIR spectra of all the 22 samples. Of the 11 samples in each set, six were used as a subset for calibration and five as a subset for validation. By referencing the NIR band assignment to chemical bonds in protein, we identified six characteristic wavelength bands where the NIR absorbance powers of the two fibers were significantly different. We then performed the chemometric analysis with two multilinear regression (MLR) equations to predict the cashmere content (CC) in a blended sample. The experiment with these samples demonstrated that the predicted CCs from the MLR models were consistent with the CCs given in the preparations of the two sample sets (whole fiber or snippet), and the errors of the predicted CCs could be limited to 0.5% if the testing was performed over at least 25 locations. The MLR models seem to be reliable and accurate enough for estimating the cashmere content in a wool–cashmere blend and have potential to be used for tackling the cashmere adulteration problem.

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Li, Long, Caixia Qin, and Cancan Liu. "Comparison of the Structure and Properties of Wool and Cashmere Fibres under Potassium Permanganate Treatment." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 4(130) (August 31, 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1309.

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In this study, the weight loss and tensile property of wool fibers and cashmere fibers before and after various potassium permanganate solution treatment were investigated. The scale morphology and crystallization index of the original and treated fibers were analysed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results showed that the weight loss of wool fibers is more than that of cashmere fibers under low potassium permanganate content treatment, but is less than that of cashmere fibers under high potassium permanganate content treatment. The force loss of cashmere fibers increased linearly with an increase in potassium permanganate content. The scales of cashmere fiber were damaged at a potassium permanganate content of 9%, but the scales of wool fiber were clear. The relative crystallisation index of treated wool is twice as that of treated cashmere at a potassium permanganate content of 9%.

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Fei, Jing, Wei Min Lu, Ji Yuan Duan, Juan Yang, Zhi Ping Zhou, and Jie Yu. "Study on Precision of a DNA Analysis Method for Quantifying Cashmere/Wool Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.243.

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Cashmere is a kind of luxury fiber fine in texture, strong, soft and light. Garment made from it is quite expensive due to its excellent performance and rareness. Thus adulteration and false declaration occurs quite often in industrial chain. We have developed a DNA analysis based method for quantifying cashmere/wool mixture. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the precision of method. Three commercially available woven products claimed to have contained different content of cashmere were employed to finish our tests. Six laboratories with correspondent qualifications were invited to do the texts. Result of data analysis shows DNA analysis is an useful and accurate method for determining the content of cashmere in a cashmere/wool mixture.

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Jiang, Fang, Hai Tao Lin, Xin Xia Yue, Ji Wei Huang, and Xin Long Ling. "Study on Cashmere Fibers Shrink-Proofing by Potassium Permanganate Based on Fuzz Mathematics Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.216.

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Potassium permanganate was selected as oxidant to treat cashmere fiber. Through fuzz mathematics method, the optimum treating condition of cashmere for potassium permanganate was got: temperature 50°C, time 20min, potassium permanganate 3g/L, pH 3; Through the fiber whiteness based on test result, optimum reduction conditions after potassium permanganate treatment was as following: Temperature 45°C, time 10min, sodium sulfite 30g/L, HAc 2%. Through test of felting, tensile property, compression property, it is obtained that potassium permanganate was suitable to oxidizing cashmere. After cashmere fibers were treated in optimum conditions, the strength of processing cashmere fiber decreases slightly, and the elongation and 15 second elasticity of compression recovery rate increases certainly.

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Aziz, Kasim O. "Cashmere Production from Maraz Goats." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 12, no. 1 (November 5, 2008): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10191.

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Lynch, Pamela, and A. J. F. Russel. "Hormonal manipulation of cashmere growth and shedding." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018390.

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Cashmere goats exhibit seasonal cycles in hair growth and moulting which are an evolutionary response to seasonal changes in temperature. The winter coat of the cashmere goat consists of two types of fibre, a coarse outer coat of guard hair produced by the primary hair follicles and a dense Insulating undercoat of cashmere (<19 microns diameter) produced by the smaller and more numerous secondary follicles. In the Spring, under the influence of Increasing daylength, both guard hairs and cashmere are shed from the follicles and a sparse coat of guard hair remains.The efficiency of harvesting fibre from cashmere goats is limited by the season of the moult, the long duration of the moulting period and by the variability between individual animals in the timing of the moult. Lynch & Russel (1989) reported that an earlier rise in plasma prolactin was associated with an advance In the onset of the spring moult in the cashmere goat.

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Bishop, S. C., and A. J. F. Russel. "Crossbreeding and selection for fibre traits in cashmere goats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023667.

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The agricultural industry in the UK is under increasing pressure to diversify its forms of production. One of the potentially most viable options suited to hill and upland farms is the production of cashmere, the fine undercoat produced by down bearing goats. Currently no breed of cashmere goat exists in the U.K. which meets market requirements, however, i.e. large quantities of fine, white cashmere. This paper presents results from a crossbreeding trial with Scottish Feral goats and several exotic lines of cashmere goats, the first step in improving production, and it considers future selection plans for improving cashmere production traits.Cashmere fibre production was evaluated on Scottish Feral goats (F) and on goats imported from Iceland (I), Tasmania (T), New Zealand (N) and Siberia (S), and on two and three way crosses between the F and exotic lines. These goats are owned by a group of commercial farmers, along with the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, forming a group known as Cashmere Breeders Limited.

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Zhen, Lei, and Ya Liu. "The Analysis of Style of Yakwool / Cashmere Blended Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1122.

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Different percentage of cashmere/yakwool was blended and spun into single yarn, then woven into fabric. 16 indicators were measured by KES and the basic style value of stiffness, smoothness and fullness of fabrics were calculated with the analysis software. The results showed that the stiffness reached the highest value of 3.76 at the cashmere /yakwool blending ratio of 8/92, the smoothness reached the highest value of 18.13 at the cashmere /yakwool blending ratio of 25/75 and the fullness reached the highest value of 8.03 at the cashmere /yakwool blending ratio of 50/50. From all the basic style value of stiffness, smoothness and fullness, it showed that the cashmere /yakwool ratio of 50/50 was the best one.

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Ballard, Linda M. "Cashmere Carrying Cloaks." Costume 30, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cos.1996.30.1.98.

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Walter, Franz. "Cashmere statt Gold." Indes 3, no. 1 (March 2014): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/inde.2014.3.1.35.

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Shaffer, G. "Cashmere from Rachungkaru." European Journal of International Law 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/cht078.

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Fu, Xuefeng, Bingru Zhao, Kechuan Tian, Yujiang Wu, Langda Suo, Gui Ba, Deji Ciren, et al. "Integrated analysis of lncRNA and mRNA reveals novel insights into cashmere fineness in Tibetan cashmere goats." PeerJ 8 (November 9, 2020): e10217. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10217.

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Tibetan cashmere goats are famous for producing the finest, softest and lightest cashmere fiber in China. The growth and development of skin are closely related to fineness and are the key factors affecting the quality of cashmere. To investigate the specific role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in regulating cashmere fineness of Tibetan Cashmere goats in the anagen phase, we conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing of fine-type and coarse-type skin tissues. We identified 2,059 lncRNA candidates (1,589 lncRNAs annotated, 470 lncRNAs novel), and 80 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and their potential targets were predicted. We also identified 384 DE messenger RNAs (mRNAs) out of 29,119 mRNAs. Several key genes in KRT26, KRT28, KRT39, IFT88, JAK3, NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 and a series of lncRNAs, including ENSCHIT00000009853, MSTRG.16794.17, MSTRG.17532.2, were shown to be potentially important for regulating cashmere fineness. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs targets significantly enriched in positive regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, regulation of protein processing and metabolism processes. The mRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA regulatory networks further revealed potential transcripts involved in cashmere fineness. We further validated the expression patterns of DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results were consistent with the sequencing data. This study will shed new light on selective cashmere goat breeding, and these lncRNAs and mRNAs that were found to be enriched in Capra hircus RNA database.

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Redden, H., D. Robson, and S. M. Rhind. "Effect of a cashmere breeding program on fibre length traits." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04149.

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Two cashmere goat breed lines were selected, over a 5-year period, for increased mean cashmere weight (Value line; V) or reduced mean cashmere diameter (Fine line; F) and were compared with a group bred randomly (Control; C). The mean staple length of V animals increased from 42.2 to 52.0 mm (P < 0.001) between Years 1 and 5 and by Year 5 it was longer than that of F (43.9; P < 0.001) and C animals (45.2; P < 0.05). Between Years 1 and 5, the mean maximum drawn length of the V and F cashmere increased, from 50.9 to 63.1 mm (P < 0.001) and from 45.0 to 52.8 mm (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean minimum length for the V line increased from 32.5 to 49.6 mm (P < 0.001). This was attributable to an increase in cashmere length in both males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001). The mean minimum length for the F line increased (P < 0.001) primarily because of an increase in the mean minimum cashmere length of the females (P < 0.05). It is concluded that although the selection program resulted in an increase in cashmere production in the V line and no reduction in the F line animals, the associated increase in length and/or the changes in the relative length of the cashmere and guard hairs were likely to result in a reduction in fleece quality and value, particularly in the V animals.

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Feng, Yali, Yu Sun, Hongwei Deng, and Yuyan Cong. "Promotion of cashmere growth by sulfur supplements in cashmere goats." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 42, no. 11 (November 2013): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982013001100005.

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Yan, Yi Nong, Xiang Ru Zhang, Dan Li, and Jian Jian Xu. "Digital Printing Performance of Cashmere Fabric under Acid or Alkaline Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.240.

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Pretreatment solution which was obtained by many experiments who had a good printing effect was used to do the digital printing experiment on the cashmere fabric. Printing performance of the cashmere fabric in different pH value was compared to improve the printing quality of the cashmere fabric. Digital printing experiments in the alkaline environment were carried out for the first time and the best pH value was found out which could ensure dye uptake, color fastness, anti-seepage property and minimal damage to cashmere fabric. The paper provided basic reference to the actual production.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cashmere'

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