Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cash flow Australia Accounting'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cash flow Australia Accounting.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cash flow Australia Accounting.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lari, Dashtbayaz Mahmoud. "Cash flow accounting and the cost of debt." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7028/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to examine why firms may manipulate not just their earnings but also their cash flows, and to investigate the effects of this behaviour in debt markets with respect to the cost of debt. This research addresses current concerns about accounting rules (both GAAP and IFRS) which allow companies discretion in the presentation of their operating cash flow in financial statements. Using a sample of 8,684 UK and 23,935 USA firm-years from 1998 to 2010, the reported operating cash flow is decomposed into two components, unmanaged and managed, in order to examine the association between the estimated discretionary part of operating cash flow and the cost of debt. The results show that the cost of debt has a significantly positive association with the managed component of operating cash flows. By using path analysis, it is further shown that the effect of cash flow management in increasing the cost of debt is largely through its impact on accounting quality. Also it is found that the market positively prices abnormal operating cash flow information when firms experience financial problems, especially when companies are faced with low cash flows.
2
Saher, S. (Sonia). "Accrual anomaly:balance sheet vs. cash flow statement measurement of accruals." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201705101745.
Full textAbstract:
I explore the recent evidence on persistence of accrual anomaly, previously explored by Richard G. Sloan in 1996. Sloan (1996) highlights that the presence of cash flows statement data could improve the results to study accrual anomaly. Therefore, my motivation of the research is to explore accrual anomaly based on cash flows statement (CFS) method and balance sheet (BS) method for measuring accruals. The accounting academics report accruals as many different interpretations (such as the prospective growth of businesses and idiosyncratic risk) therefore, it may not be exploited under accruals hedge strategy. The data is inclusive of NYSE, AmEx, and NASDAQ listed firms, thereby to capture the complete US market from timeline 1990 to 2014. The analysis is based on Feltham & Ohson (1995) earnings persistence model and Mishkin (1983) test model for the market efficiency. I have found that earnings & earnings components are persistent in anticipating future earnings. I have also found that the market is inefficient in learning the persistence of earnings & its components. The market underestimates earnings persistence, overestimates persistence of accruals, and underestimates the persistence of cash flows. BS method and CFS method show the similar behavior of earnings and its components persistence and the market interpretation to them. However, CFS method measures the high persistence of cash flows. Moreover, accruals hedge returns are significant under BS method but insignificant under CFS method. Therefore, I conclude that accrual anomaly exists under BS method and disappears under CFS method. The market misinterpretation of earnings & its components persistence may not be associated with accruals anomaly.
3
Hinkel, Timothy. "The Effect of Cash Flow Forecasts on Cost of Debt." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293406.
Full textAbstract:
I examine the impact of the presence and characteristics of equity analysts' cash flow forecasts on cost of debt. I find the presence of cash flow forecasts is associated with a lower cost of debt relative to firm-years with only earnings estimates or neither estimate. I also find cash flow forecast characteristics are associated with cost of debt after controlling for other known determinants of yield spreads. Additional analyses decomposing earnings forecast characteristics into cash flow and accruals components find the cash flow component is associated with cost of debt, but the accruals component is not. Overall, the results indicate that debt market participants find cash flow forecasts useful in reducing information asymmetry and/or providing monitoring, as well as being useful in providing information regarding expected default risk in determining expected returns.
4
Ovsyuk, Nina Vasylivna, and Yulia Igorivna Burdeina. "Features of cash accounting at the enterprise." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53924.
Full textAbstract:
1. Instruction on non-cash payments in the national currency of Ukraine. Approved by the Resolution of the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine dated 21.01.04 № 22. URL: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0377-04.
2. National Regulation (Standard) of Accounting 1 "General requirements for financial reporting" dated 07.02.2013 № 7 URL: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0336-13.
3. Resolution of the Board of the NBU "Regulations on conducting cash transactions in the national currency in Ukraine" dated 19.02.2001 № 72 URL: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0377-04.
4. Suk L., Suk P. Organization of accounting for transactions in bank accounts. Accounting in agriculture. 2017. № 8.36-37.The article considers topical issues of cash accounting at the enterprise. Theoretical bases of the organization of the account of money resources in cash desk and non-cash settlements at the enterprise are briefly resulted. The most widespread problems of the organization of the account and movement of money resources in the conditions of managing are investigated and defined. Ways to improve the accounting of cash at the enterprise are suggested.
У статті розглянуто актуальні питання з обліку грошових коштів на підприємстві. Стисло наведено теоретичні основи організації обліку грошових коштів у касі та безготівкових розрахунків на підприємстві.. Досліджено та визначено найпоширеніші проблеми організації обліку та руху грошових коштів в умовах господарювання. Запропоновано шляхи покращення ведення обліку грошових коштів на підприємстві.
5
Jooste, Leonie. "An evaluation of the usefulness of the cash flow statement within South African companies by means of cash flow ratios." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04182005-092836.
Full text
6
Trehaeven, Jake. "The relative value relevance of cash flow accounting disclosures by South African Banks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22954.
Full textAbstract:
During recent decades, researchers have developed the value relevance method of accounting based research. Value relevance, at its core, attempts to describe the information usefulness of a disclosure figure in relation to the impact it has on the market values of a given stock. Much of the focus of this research, both internationally and locally, has been based on earnings or balance sheet disclosures with little attention being paid to other sections of disclosure. This study takes the use of value relevance methods one step further and analyses the information usefulness of operating cash flow disclosures of financial firms versus non-financial firms in a South African context. The study proceeds to explain and then test the presumption that the nature of the banking business model makes operating cash flow disclosures irrelevant; some interesting and somewhat counter-intuitive results are obtained.
7
Green, Joseph Peter. "The valuation relevance of the accruals process and the disclosure of cash flow numbers." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338764.
Full text
8
Reither, Cheri L. (Cheri Lynn). "A Process Analysis of Lenders' Use of FAS 95 Cash Flow Information." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279390/.
Full textAbstract:
This study uses concurrent verbal protocol analysis to examine the decision processes of lenders as they evaluate the financial information of a loan applicant. Of specific interest is the lenders' use of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board No. 95 (FAS 95), Statement of Cash Flows, in that decision process.
9
Mignot, Helen R. "Users and accounting information preferences of government department financial reports." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/936.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction of an accounting standard requiring government departments to replace fund-type, cash-based accounting statements with business-type, accrual based accounting statements has led to criticism that business-type, general purpose financial statements do not take account of the information requirements of major users. Such criticism echoes a long standing debate in which the users of public sector financial statements and their informational requirements are analysed in competing models. One view suggests that there are many users with homogeneous informational needs, who can be classified into a few broad groups. The other view maintains that there are few users who have differential informational requirements. This research adds to the few empirical studies on the usefulness of public sector accounting statement information. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that users perceive that there is no difference in the usefulness of fund-type, cash-based; business-type, accrual-based accounting statements, and both cash and accrual combined accounting statements. Responses from legislators, citizen/ interest group members, and preparers to a questionnaire provides the data for statistical analysis. Test results suggest that there is only moderate support for the hypothesis that heterogenous users have different information needs. Strong support is found for the hypothesis that combined sets of statements as opposed to cash, or accrual are more useful. This conclusion holds for both the importance and useability dimensions of the construct perceived usefulness.
10
Matook, Mohamed. "The significance of information contained in the cash flow statement of Libyan investment companies." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2009. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5937/.
Full text
11
Huang, Xiaochuan Pereira Raynolde Khurana Inder K. "Disclosure and dividend policy." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6779.
Full textAbstract:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 15, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Inder Khurana and Dr. Raynolde Pereira Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
12
Park, Duri. "Accrual and Cash Flow Comparability: Evidence from Stock Analysts and Credit Rating Agencies." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385895448.
Full text
13
Osinowo, Olamide. "The impact of online accounting software as a credit management tool on small business cash flow." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/10060.
Full textAbstract:
Late payments occur frequently amongst businesses, and poor credit management processes are part of the fundamental causes of late payment. However, small businesses lack sufficient debt collection procedures as they operate without a credit control department. As such, they tend to experience eccentrically late payments and defaults by debtors. This is a major concern for small business growth. Online Accounting Software is the latest development in management accounting and information systems, however, the leading vendors of this software claim that it can manage credit sales for small businesses and can help to improve their cash flow position. In addition, the software is distributed in a standard format and can be modified to include a credit management add-on (provided from other vendors) to further help small firms with their trade credit management efforts. This study tests the claims of such standard software vendors in terms of the effectiveness of the standard software in helping to improve the cash flow of small firms. It also examines the extent to which small business respondents who have modified their standard software have experienced improvements to their cash flow using a unified framework; specifically the Credit Management Activity Model. A descriptive quantitative methodology using multivariate ordinal logistic (logit) regression was employed to analyse data which were collected using SPSS 24 with median-centered variables. The results showed that the standard software was very effective in terms of improving the cash flow of small firms, and this supports the claims of the vendors. Moreover, users of the standard software experienced delayed increases to their cash flows after the implementation of the software. Nonetheless, the modified software helped its users to cope with the increasing complexities of trade credit management. This study has made trade credit management in small business to business relationships more understandable, and has also enriched the existing body of knowledge in relation to financial management information systems by providing information as to the use of Online Accounting Software using small businesses in the UK as a point of reference. Future research can investigate the relationship between Online Accounting Software and the length of the operating cycle of small businesses. Future research should also explore the impact of such software on short and medium-term productivity increases, and the control issues that emerge from the safety and security of business data in relation to this software.
14
Mortensen, Tony Paul. "The Concept of Cash: An Empirical Study of Connotative Meaning in Accounting." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accountancy, Finance and Information Systems, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1940.
Full textAbstract:
This experimental study investigates the connotative meaning of the concept “cash”, as it relates to the cash flow statement, held by the three key parties to the accounting communication process: preparers, auditors and users. Concerns raised in the accounting profession regarding the susceptibility of the cash flow statement to manipulation, coupled with the recent introduction of NZ IAS 7 (cash flow statement) provide the motivation for investigating the potential for miscommunication (either intentional or unintentional) between the main parties to the financial reporting process. The study investigates inter and intra group differences in measured connotative meaning of the old and new definitions of “cash”, and determines the effect of connotative meaning on decision outcomes. Further, the study considers the overall quality of the two definitions, as perceived by the three financial reporting groups.
Three key findings are indicated. The first is that the three financial reporting groups do not share the same cognitive structure in which the meaning of the concept “cash” is held. An important implication is that comparisons between the connotative meanings held by the three financial reporting groups cannot be validly made. Secondly, significant differences in the measured meaning were observed across the two definitions within each of the three subject groups. Thirdly, the decision outcomes for each of the three subject groups were significantly different under the two definitions. Also there was some evidence that the differences in the decision outcomes were linked to the differences in the measured connotative meaning.
These results raised several concerns regarding the potential for miscommunication between the three key parties to the accounting communication process and highlighted the importance of standard-setters assessing the effect on connotative meaning of possible changes in wording to key concepts within the cash flow statement.
15
Khansalar, Ehsan. "The consistent estimation of future cash flow and future earnings : a predictive model with accounting double entry constraint." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7402/.
Full textAbstract:
In empirical financial accounting research, there continues to be a debate as to what the best predictors of future earnings and future cash flows might be. Past accruals, earnings and cash flows are the most common predictors, but there is no consensus over their relative contributions, and little attention to the underlying accounting identities that link the components of these three prominent variables. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this controversy further, and to apply an innovative method which yields consistent estimations of future earnings and cash flows, with higher precision and greater efficiency than is the case in published results to date. The estimation imposes constraints based on financial statement articulation, using a system of structural regressions and a framework of simultaneous linear equations, which allows for the most basic property of accounting - double entry book-keeping - to be incorporated as a set of constraints within the model. In predicting future cash flows, the results imply that the constrained model which observes the double entry condition is superior to the models that are not constrained in this way, producing (a) rational signs consistent with expectations, not only in the entire sample but also in each industry, (b) evidence that double entry holds, based on the Wald test that the estimated marginal responses sum to zero, and (c) confirmation of model improvement by way of a higher likelihood and greater precision attached to predictor variables. Furthermore, by then using an appropriately specified model that observes the double entry constraint in order to predict earnings, the thesis reports statistically significant results, across all industries, that cash flows are superior to accruals in explaining future earnings, indicating also that accruals with a lower level of reliability tend to be more relevant in this respect.
16
Hua, Meiying. "Media Coverage of Negative Environmental, Social and Governance Issues, and Analyst Cash Flow Forecasts." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1576678957366195.
Full text
17
Gregory, James Russell. "Intangible Capital: Culture of Innovation and its Impact on the Cash Flow Multiple." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7513.
Full textAbstract:
The definition for a culture of innovation (COI) is the perception of a company that prioritizes the advancement of new ideas that create value across all operations. On the face of it that seems a precious attribute for any company to nurture and exploit, but measuring and valuing a culture of innovation has proven elusive for corporations. There is a tendency to break down innovation into R&D, patents granted, and new product development and while these are all significant components of innovation a cultural definition is more encompassing of the entirety of a company and the financial results should be reflected in the financial performance as a whole.
The research for this dissertation utilizes the CoreBrand Index® (CBI) quantitative research database and fields for the first time an inquiry about 160 large public companies among engaged but impartial observers about their perceptions of the culture of innovation. The findings are then correlated to the cash flow multiple (CFM), which is a firm-wide financial variable. Analysis evaluates whether COI is more or less predictive of the CFM than historical attributes in the CBI. This dissertation verifies past research by the author and extends the study into new and expedient pathways to measure, value and manage intangible assets.
18
Yeoh, Daniel Ghee Chong, and danielyeoh@cimb com my. "An Empirical Examination of Physical Asset Expenditure Announcements in Australia: Growth Opportunities, Free Cash Flow and Capital Market Monitoring." The Australian National University. Commerce, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010702.160428.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the stock market price variations associated with physical asset expenditure announcements in Australia. With the exception of the study of Chen and Ho (1997) in Singapore, most capital expenditure studies in other markets investigate the announcement effects associated with changes in budgeted capital expenditures. The fact that there is almost never any firm level capital budget announcement in Australia presents a unique opportunity to examine individual physical asset expenditure announcements.
¶
Three primary hypotheses pertaining to growth opportunities, free cash flow theory, and the capital market monitoring argument are developed and tested. These arguments are formulated to explain the abnormal return variations associated with physical asset expenditure announcements. The growth opportunities hypothesis posits that the abnormal returns at physical asset expenditure announcements are positively related to a firm's growth opportunities. Both free cash flow theory and capital market monitoring hypothesis postulate that the abnormal returns at physical asset expenditure announcements are negatively related to a firm's free cash flow, and cash flow respectively. Other control explanators are incorporated from the merger and takeovers literature.
¶
Event study methodology is used to examine the abnormal returns associated with physical asset expenditure announcements. Two sets of data, intraday and daily, are used to investigate the market reaction. Intraday returns are calculated on a time-weighted approach and two methods are used to calculate intraday abnormal returns. The first method defines abnormal returns as the difference between actual returns and market returns. The second method defines abnormal returns as the difference between market-adjusted returns and market-adjusted returns on a control portfolio. Daily abnormal returns are calculated using the market model.
¶
Both univariate and multivariate analyses provide strong support for the growth opportunities hypothesis. The results suggest the quality of firms' growth opportunities is the key variable determining the direction and magnitude of the abnormal returns at announcement. Support for the capital monitoring argument and the free cash flow theory is mixed, generally with a lack of support. The free cash flow variable is found to be significantly negatively related to abnormal returns, only when a finer dummy is used in the multivariate regression. All other control variables are found to be insignificant in explaining the stock market variations once the growth opportunities variable is included in the regression.
¶
This thesis makes the following contributions. First, this thesis presents the initial empirical evidence concerning physical asset expenditure announcements in Australia. Second, the thesis shows that the quality of a firm's growth opportunities is the key factor in determining the direction and magnitude of abnormal returns around physical asset expenditure announcements. These results also suggest that the equity market in Australia reacts to physical asset expenditure announcements which contain information pertaining to growth opportunities rather than the relative size of the physical asset expenditure transactions to firm value. Third, support for the capital monitoring argument and the free cash flow theory is not strong. Fourth, all other control variables are found to be insignificant in explaining the stock market variations once market to book ratio is included in the regression. Fifth, the results suggest that prior research which fails to segregate market to book ratio and free cash flow proxy into finer partitions may have possibly underestimated the market to book and the free cash flow effects.
19
Souza, Manuela Santin de. "Fluxo de caixa por regime de competência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-29112006-165812/.
Full textAbstract:
A Demonstração do Fluxo de Caixa (DFC) é uma peça contábil elaborada sob o regime de caixa. Essa característica torna difícil sua comparação com outras demonstrações elaboradas à luz do regime de competência. Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se um novo modelo, consoante os estudos desenvolvidos por Dechow e Dichev (2002) nos Estados Unidos: a Demonstração do Fluxo de Caixa elaborada pelo regime de competência. Essa nova peça contábil tem como função promover um elo entre a DFC tradicional e as demais demonstrações contábeis, principalmente com a Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício (DRE). Tem-se, como referencial teórico deste estudo, a exploração dos conceitos de regime de caixa e competência, a discussão dos principais aspectos da DFC e da DRE, e a referência aos estudos empíricos que já foram realizados sobre o assunto. Em seguida, foi desenvolvido o modelo em que os fluxos de caixa são segregados conforme sua competência, ilustrando-se com um exemplo hipotético. Para o teste empírico, selecionou-se, através do banco de dados Economática, empresas brasileiras do período de 1995 a 2005. A análise de regressão múltipla com dados em painel foi utilizada como ferramenta estatística. Como resultado deste trabalho, os testes estatísticos confirmaram as hipóteses inicialmente desenvolvidas, concluindo-se que o fluxo de caixa operacional elaborado à luz do regime de competência fornece informações mais precisas sobre os "accruals" e provê uma melhor comparação com as demais demonstrações contábeis quando comparado ao fluxo de caixa por regime de caixa.The Cash Flow Statement (CFS) is a financial statement prepared under the cash basis accounting. This characteristic grows difficult its comparison with other financial statements that are prepared under de accrual basis accounting. In this study, it was developed a new model, according the studies done by Dechow and Dichev (2002) in the United States of America: the Cash Flow Statement under the accrual basis accounting. This new financial statement has the role of link the traditional CFS and the other statements, mainly the Income Statement. The theory of this study is based in the concepts of cash and accrual basis accounting, in the discussion of the principal aspects of the CFS and Income Statement and the reference of the empiric researches realized about this subject. Following, a model was developed taking account of the cash flows divided into the accrual period and an example was built. For the empiric test, we selected, through the Economatica data base, Brazilian companies to the period of 1995 until 2005. The multiple regression analysis with panel data has been utilized as a statistic instrument. As a result of this study, the statistics tests sustained the hypothesis developed in the initial part of the study, concluding that the operational cash flow under the accrual basis accounting provide precise information about the accruals and supply a better comparison with the other financial statements when faced to the cash flow under the cash basis accounting.
20
Madisa, Keamogetswe Juliet. "An introductory study to determine patterns in cash flow ratios of listed industrial companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55813.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 1998.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In many ways, the cash flow statement can be more informative than the other financial statements. It is relatively freer from subjective accounting and reveals managerial choices, such as investment and financing decisions, which are less apparent from the balance sheet or income statement. One of the components of the cash flow statement, cash flow from operations, is the primary focus and the primary variable of interest in this study. The study set out to create a database for the University of Stellenbosch Business School by using cash flow ratios of listed industrial companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the period 1974 to 1997. This is an initial attempt to have such a facility in place to assist future researchers in establishing patterns present in the ratios. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all the ratios. Twenty-two ratios were calculated in three ways: (a) Ratios were pooled over time and over sector; (b) Ratios were pooled over time for each of the 17 sectors; and (c) Ratios were pooled over sectors for each of the years 1974 to 1997. In addition, chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for normality were conducted. To get insight into the potential patterns, some of the statistical properties of cash flow ratios have been examined with particular reference to two ratios, (ratio 14 and ratio 20). These were chosen since they are considered to be the most important ratios in the study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kontantvloeistaat kan op baie maniere meer inligting as die ander finansieIe state verskaf. Dit word relatief gesproke minder deur subjektiewe rekerungkunde beYnvloed en dit 1aat die klem val op bestuursbesluite, S005 investerings- en finansieringsbesluite. Laasgenoemdes is minder duidelik waameembaar as daar na die balansstaat en inkomstestaat gekyk word. Kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite. een van die komponente van die kontantvloeistaat, is die primere fokus en die belangrikste item in hierdie studie. Die doel van die studie is om 'n datahasis vir die Bestuurskool van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch daar te stel, deur gebruik te maak van kontantvloeiverhoudings van aile genoteerde industriele maatskappye op die Johannesburg Effektebeurs vir die periode 1974 tot 1997. Dit was 'n eerste poging om so 'n fasiliteit daar te stel ten einde toekomstige navorsers in staat te stel om patrone aanwesig in die verhoudings waar te neem. Beskrywende statistiek is bereken Vlf al die verhoudings. Twee en twintig verhoudings is bereken op drie maniere: (a) Verhoudings gepoel oor tyd en oor sektore heen; (b) Verhoudings verpoel oor jare vir elk van die 17 sektore; en (c) Verhoudings verpoel oor sektore heen, per jaar vanaf 1974 tot 1997. Verder is die chi-kwadraat en die Kolmogorov-Smirnoftoetse vir normaliteit gedoen. Twee van die verhoudings. verhoudings 14 en 20, is uitgesonder as die belangrikste verhoudings in die studie. Ten einde insig in die potensieie patrone van die kontantvloeiverhoudings te verkry, is die statistiese eienskappe van hierdie twee verhoudings verder ondersoek.
21
Lynds, Scott. "Destination Based Cash Flow Taxation: A Critical Look at Proposed Corporate Tax Reform and its Impact on the States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1689.
Full textAbstract:
The 2016 House Republican Blueprint proposes business tax reform that establishes a destination-based cash flow taxation system (DBCFT). Supporters of DBCFT believe a border adjustment tax appropriately addresses the common concern that modern globalization has outpaced U.S. tax legislation. Stated goals of the border adjustment tax (BAT) are to reduce compliance costs, remove special interest subsidies and crony capitalism, encourage domestic economic growth. This paper contains expositional analysis on the theoretical ramifications associated with a shift to a destination-based system. I evaluate the current and proposed corporate tax systems against four generally accepted standards for a good tax: sufficiency, convenience, efficiency, and fairness. My research suggests that a border adjustment tax offers improvement in sufficiency and convenience. However, the BAT does not pass the criteria for efficiency and fairness. Lastly, I add scenario driven research on how the border adjustment tax (BAT) will affect business taxation in California. I conclude that statewide universal adoption of the border adjustment tax produces the highest California state tax revenue under a federal system of DBCFT.
22
Steyn, Barbara Wilhelmina. "Die indeks-verskil tussen die netto wins na belasting en kontantvloei uit bedryfsaktiwiteite as aanduiding van finansiele probleme by genoteerde industriele maatskappye." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52204.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Both the income statement and the cash flow statement of a company provide useful information to the user of financial statements. The net profit after tax in the income statement and the cash from operating activities in the cash flow statement have basically the same transactions as source, however they still differ, because of timing differences between the accrual of income and expenses and the cash receipts or payments thereof, as well as the inclusion of items in the net profit after tax that rather forms part of cash flow from investment activities. A growth in turnover usually coincides with an increase in non-cash working capital. When the company is expanding at too high a rate, too much of his cash resources are taken up by the increase in non-cash working capital and that could lead to cash flow problems. This trend can be plotted on a graph, with a growing net profit after tax and a decline in the cash flow from operating activities. The two lines move away from each other when there is a significant difference between the net profit after tax and the cash flow from operating activities. This study tries to measure the angle between the two lines where they reach the danger zone. Users of financial statements will be able to use this as an indicator of companies that are going to be in cash flow trouble over the next period. In order to measure this angle when the company reaches the danger zone, 365 listed industrial companies were studied. The net profit after tax and the cash flow from operating activities were both transformed into an index, with cash flow relative to net profit. The difference between the index strings was calculated. This study only focuses on companies with an index-difference where the cash flow from operating activities is smaller than the net profit after tax. An index-difference of -2 was identified as the possible danger zone. In order to substantiate this figure, companies with an index-difference of -2 or larger negative that still were listed at the time of the study were examined to find the reason for the difference. Items that do not form part of the cash flow from operating activities cannot be used in the calculation of the index-difference, because it will generate a permanent difference between the net profit after tax and the cash from operating activities. Companies that have a huge negative index-difference only because of such items are not in the danger zone. 33 companies with an index-difference of -2 or more negative were identified. Focus was placed on the thirteen companies that did not have losses and that were still listed at the time of the study. Six of these companies were removed from the danger list after the individual examination, because of other reasons for the difference rather than an increase in non-cash working capital. That leaves seven companies that are shown by this study to be in danger to get into serious cash flow trouble in the foreseeable future. A few additional companies were examined which led to another six companies being placed on the danger list. Only time will tell whether these companies do get into serious financial difficulty. If so, the index-difference can be calculated as an indicator of the point when a company, regardless of a strong growth in turnover, and sometimes because thereof, does not generate enough cash from operating activities to finance the growth in non-cash working capital. Unless the company has a holding company that is willing to pour more cash into the company, or unless the company can do a successful rights issue, it will find itself in the position where it cannot finance the expansion and also cannot obtain more additional funding.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beide die inkomstestaat en kontantvloeistaat van 'n maatskappy verskaf nuttige inligting aan gebruikers van finansiële state. Die netto wins na belasting uit die inkomstestaat en die kontantvloei uit bedryfsaktiwiteite uit die kontantvloeistaat het basies dieselfde transaksies as bron, maar verskil tog, hoofsaaklik vanweë tydverskil in die erkenning van die toevalling van inkomste en uitgawes en die kontantontvangstes en -betalings daarvan, asook vanweë die insluiting van items in die netto wins na belasting wat eerder deel vorm van die kontantvloei uit investeringsaktiwiteite. Wanneer die maatskappy 'n groei in omset toon, gaan dit gewoonlik gepaard met 'n toename in nie-kontant bedryfskapitaal. Wanneer die maatskappy te vinnig groei, word te veel van sy kontantbronne vasgevang in die verhoogde nie-kontant bedryfskapitaal en dit kan lei tot kontantvloeiprobleme. Hierdie tendens kan op 'n grafiek uitgebeeld word met 'n stygende netto wins na belasting, terwyl die kontantvloei uit bedryfsaktiwiteite daal. Wanneer daar 'n aansienlike verskil tussen die netto wins na belasting en die kontantvloei uit bedryfsaktiwiteite is, beweeg die twee lyne uit mekaar. Dié studie poog om die grootte van die hoek tussen die twee lyne wanneer die gevaarsone bereik word, te bepaal. Dit kan dan deur gebruikers van die finansiële state as 'n aanduiding gebruik word om te voorspel watter maatskappye oor die volgende tydperk kontantvloeiprobleme sal hê. Ten einde die grootte van die hoek te meet waar die maatskappy die gevaarsone binne beweeg is 365 genoteerde industriële maatskappye se data bestudeer. Die netto wins na belasting en die kontantvloei uit bedryfsaktiwiteite is beide as 'n indeks uitgedruk, laasgenoemde relatief tot eersgenoemde. Die verskil tussen die twee indeks-reekse is bereken, naamlik die indeks-verskil. Die studie is slegs gefokus op maatskappye met 'n indeks-verskil waar die kontantvloei uit bedryfsaktiwitete kleiner is as die netto wins na belasting. 'n Indeks-verskil van -2 is geïdentifiseer as die moontlike gevaarsone. Ten einde hierdie syfer te steun is die maatskappye wat ten tye van die navorsing steeds genoteer is en 'n indeks-verskil van -2 of groter negatief het, individueel ondersoek om die rede vir die indeks-verskil vas te stel. Items wat op 'n ander plek in die kontantvloeistaat as in die bedryfsaktiwiteite hanteer word, kan nie in ag geneem word in die berekening van die indeks-verskil nie, aangesien dit 'n permanente afwyking tussen die netto wins na belasting en kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite sal veroorsaak. Maatskappye wat dus bloot as gevolg van sodanige items 'n groot negatiewe indeks-verskil het, val nie in die gevaarsone nie. 33 maatskappye is geïdentifiseer met 'n indeks-verskilvan -2 of groter negatief. Daar is gefokus op die dertien maatskappye wat nie verliese gely het nie en steeds ten tye van die afhandeling van die studie genoteer was. Ses van hierdie maatskappye is tydens die individuele ondersoek van die gevaarlys gehaal aangesien daar ander redes vir die groot indeks-verskil was as 'n toename in nie-kontant bedryfskapitaal. Dit laat dan sewe maatskappye wat deur dié studie aangedui word as om moontlik finansiële probleme op te tel binne die afsienbare toekoms. 'n Paar addisionele maatskappye is ondersoek, waarna 'n verdere ses op die gevaarlys geplaas is. Slegs die tyd sal leer of die betrokke maatskappye wel in 'n finansiële verknorsing beland. Indien wel, kan hierdie indeks-verskil bereken word en as 'n aanduiding gebruik word van die punt wanneer 'n maatskappy, in baie gevalle ten spyte van goeie groei in omset, maar dan ook juis as gevolg daarvan, nie genoeg kontant uit bedryfsaktiwiteite genereer om die groei in nie-kontant bedryfskapitaal te finansier nie. Tensy die maatskappy 'n houermaatskappy het wat bereid is om nog kontant te stort in die maatskappy, of tensy die maatskappy 'n suksesvolle regte-uitgifte kan maak, vind hy homself in die posisie dat hy nie die uitbreiding kan finansier nie en dat hy ook nie meer addisionele finansiering kan bekom nie.
23
Groenewald, Jakobus Johannes. "Ontleding van die intertemporale en kruissektorale verdelingseienskappe van kontantvloeiverhoudings vir nywerheidsmaatskappye : resultate van die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs (1975-1993)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/54818.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 1995.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditional financial ratios are used by different analysts to predict and evaluate various elements of a company. However, such ratios all suffer from the basic limitation of accrual-based accounting, hence the perception that cash flow ratios may be more suitable and possibly even more appropriate to evaluate companies. Most of these applications employ parametric statistical procedures of which the validity partly depends on the underlying distributional properties of the ratio involved. This study project is an evaluation of the underlying distributional properties of forty seven cash flow ratios based on the published annual results of 350 industrial companies, listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the period 1975 to 1993. As an initial test, the results of the ratios were subject to the null-hypothesis of normality as reflected by the p-values of the chi - square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests respectively . Secondly, the study project attempted to give an indication of the underlying distributional properties by comparing the average with the median of the various cash flow ratios. The first evaluation was done for each ratio. after the data was aggregated, for both the various divisions and over all the financial periods to evaluate what is referred to as the sector as a whole. The results of this evaluation clearly indicate that the underlying distributional properties are definitely not normally distributed. However, the lack of normality may be founded in either the lack of homogeneity between the various divisions. or due to the aggregation of the various financial periods . A second evaluation was done on the individual ratios for each financial period. Although the different years lead to slightly different results it is still apparent that the null-hypothesis of normality for the majority of ratios are being rejected, especially consistent results to this effect were found for the period 1988 to 1993. A third and final evaluation was done on all the different ratios for the individual divisions. Again the results for the different divisions vary, but once again it ;s apparent that the null-hypothesis of normality is being rejected for the vast majority of the ratios . In this regard the results of specifically divisions industrial holding (15), food (25), engineering (28) and electronics (29) are particularly consistent. The lack of normality in the sector analysis may indicate the presence of specific division relevant characteristics, while the results of the intertemporal evaluation indicate that the distributional properties approximate normality by aggregation over time . The analysis also proves beyond any doubt that irrespective of whether disaggregation is done over either financial periods or between the different divisions, ratios 02, 03, 06, 15, 16 and 17 are positive skewely distributed . Accordingly, ratios 13 and 27 are negative skewely distributed . If one has to advise a researcher or practitioner to whom an underlying normal distribution of a cash flow ratio is important, one would probably advise in the first instance to disaggregate over time, as a second app roach to disaggregate over divisions, but never to treat the industrial sector as a pooled sample.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tradisionele finansiele verhoudings word deur verskeie markontleders vir verskillende voorspellings aangewend . Aangesien die verhoudings almal onderworpe is aan die beperking van opgelope rekeningkundige waarde word kontantvloeiverhoudings voorgehou as 'n nuttiger en moontlik selfs doeltreffender metode om ondernemings te evalueer. In die meeste van die toepassings word parametriese statistiese prosedures gebruik, waarvan die geldigheid gedeeltelik berus op die onderliggende verdelingseienskappe van die verhoudings. Die werkstuk is 'n studie van die onderliggende verde' ingseienskappe van sewe-en-veertig kontantvloeiverhoudings S005 jaarliks vir die tydperke 1975 tot 1993 gepubliseer is in die finansie1e verslae van 350 maatskappye wat genoteer is in die nywerheidsektor van die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs. In die verband is die resultate van die verhoudings eerstens onderwerp aan die nulhipotese van normaliteit deur dit te evalueer aan die hand van die p-waarde van sowel die chi-kwadraat- as Kolmogorov-Smirnovtoetse. Vervolgens dui die werkstuk die onderliggende verdeling aan, deur die gemiddeld en mediaan van die kontantvloeiverhoudings te vergelyk. Vir die eerste evaluasie is alle verhoudings oar jie verskillende finansiele tydperke en van die verskillende afdelings saamgevoeg am die sektor in die geheel te eva1ueer. Vol gens die evaluasie is die onderliggende verde1ing van die verhoudings nie normaal nie. Oit mag moontlik logies verklaar word deur die heterogeniteit van die verskil1ende afde1ings, of weens die samevoeging van die resultate oar verskillende finansiele tydperke. Tweedens is die onderskeie finans;ele tydperke afsonder1ik ont1eed . A1 het die resultate van die onderskeie termyne effens verskil, is dit duidelik dat die nulhipotese van normaliteit by die oorgrotte meerderheid van verhoud ings beslis verwerp moet word. Dit is interessant dat in die resu1tate van spesifiek 1988 tot 1993 die hipotese absoluut konsekwent verwerp word. laastens is die verhoudings afsonderlik vir elk van die onderskeie afdelings ontleed. Weereens het die resultate van die onderskeie afdelings verskil, maar dit was oak weer duidelik dat die oor9rote meerderheid van verhoudings die nulhipotese van normaliteit verwerp . In die verband was veral die resultate van die afdelings nywerheids beherend (15), voedsel (25). ingenieurswese (28) en elektronika (29) merkwaardig konsekwent. Die gebrek aan normaliteit tussen die verskillende afdelings mag maontlik aantoon dat sekere eienskappe, eie aan die afdeling, die verdelingseienskappe beinvloed . Die resultate van die intertemporale studie toon beslis dat normaliteit benaderd word indien verhoudings oar tyd saamgevaeg word. Wat die ontleding ook bo alle twyfel bewys is dat die verhoudings 02, 03, 06, 15, 16 en 17 vir die sektor as 'n geheel, die intertemporale- en die kruissektorale-ontledings konsekwent onderliggend positief skeef verdee1 is. Verhoudings 13 en 27 is egter onderliggend negatief skeef verdeel. Aanbevelings rakende die onderliggende verdeling van kontantvloeiverhoudings is beslis om eerstens verskillende finansiele tydperke te onderskei en tweedens die verskillende afdelings. maar beslis om nie die nywerheidsektor as 'n geheel te evalueer nie.
24
Hauman, Louis. "'n Konsepsuele evaluasie van kontantvloeistate." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51845.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch Universiteit, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The important changes in real interest rates, deregulation, amalgamation and the change of enterprise form from co-operatives to companies, require a new approach towards the utilisation and management of capital in the agricultural business. The economic environment has changed from a situation where management used nearly uncontrolled amounts of capital to get turnover, towards a capital scarce situation where capital is applied with caution and where profits are required. This new approach calls for focus on working capital. This study proposes a conceptual approach to the evaluation of the management of cash. The concept of a STREAM / WELL of cash, as used by Hamman (1999) at the Business School of the University of Stellenbosch, is described. The cash flow statements of some co-operatives have been standardised to produce comparable figures for income from operating -, investment- and financing activities. The STREAM / WELL approach with a graphic presentation of income from operating -, investment - and financing activities are used to demonstrate the usefulness thereof. The conclusion is made that profit margins are too low in this kind of business because of a lower than needed mark-up. The working capital cycle is too long in most of the businesses, which indicates that too much working capital is used to generate the income. Lastly, the growth in turnover is as a determinant factor for working capital, too unpredictable and uncontrolled because of inherent qualities of this business environment. The risk in this market, because of climate and uncontrollable factors, is not calculated but indications are that this risk is high.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ingrypende verandering van reële rentekoerse, deregulering, amalgamasies en omskakeling van koöperasies na maatskappye, verg nuwe benaderings tot die bestuur en aanwending van kapitaal in die landbou. Vanuit 'n omgewing waar omsette nagejaag is met feitlik onbeperkte toegang tot fondse, het die landbouondernemings se benadering verander na ondernemings met beperkte kapitaal wat oordeelkundig aangewend moet word en bevredigende opbrengste moet lewer. Hierdie tendens noodsaak 'n gefokusde benadering tot die bestuur van bedryfskapitaal. Die studie stel 'n konsepsuele benadering voor om ondernemings se bestuur van kontant, soos gerapporteer in kontantvloeistate, te evalueer. Die konsep van 'n STROOM / PUT benadering, soos jare lank deur Hamman (1999) gebruik om die begrippe te verduidelik aan die Bestuurskool van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, word omskryf. Die kontantvloeistate van 'n aantal landbouondernemings is gestandaardiseer om vergelykende opbrengste uit bedryfs-, investerings- en finansieringsaktiwiteite te bereken. Die STROOM / PUT benadering word saam met 'n grafiese voorstelling van die bydraes uit bedryfs-, investerings- en finansieringsaktiwiteite gebruik om die aanwending daarvan te demonstreer. Daar word tot die slotsom gekom dat winsgewendheid te laag is in ondernemings van dié aard hoofsaaklik omdat winsgrense te laag is. Oor die algemeen is die bedryfskapitaalsiklus te lank, wat daarop dui dat te veel bedryfskapitaal aangewend word om die opbrengs te genereer. Laastens is die groei in omset, as bepaler van die vraag na bedryfskapitaal, ongekontroleerd en wisselvallig as gevolg van die inherente eienskappe van die landbou sakeomgewing. Die risiko opgesluit in dié markomgewing wat grootliks deur klimaat en ander onbeheerbare faktore beïnvloed word, word nie bereken nie, maar die studie dui op besondere hoë risiko's van dié aard.
25
Prudencio, Cristiano. "O processo de gestão e controle dos fluxos de caixa em um banco brasileiro: uma análise à luz da abordagem do ciclo de vida organizacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-17122012-150745/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho tem por objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre a atividade de gestão e controle dos fluxos de caixa no setor bancário, sendo esta não muito explorada em pesquisas e literatura, contribuindo, deste modo, para um melhor entendimento da atividade, uma vez que a gestão ótima dos fluxos de caixa é muito importante para qualquer empresa, sendo esta tarefa ainda mais crítica para um banco, pois a correta alocação dos recursos financeiros contribui para a otimização dos seus resultados. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso em um banco brasileiro no qual foram coletadas as percepções de diversos colaboradores e gestores de áreas distintas, finanças, risco e tesouraria, acerca das características do processo de gestão e controle dos fluxos de caixa e da instituição como um todo, verificando a existência de relacionamento dessas com o estágio no ciclo de vida organizacional no qual a instituição está inserida. Numa primeira etapa, pretendeu-se analisar as percepções advindas da aplicação do questionário, sendo, estas, representações da visão das equipes diretamente relacionadas com o processo de gestão e controle dos fluxos de caixa. Essa etapa buscou o entendimento das relações entre as variáveis corporativas e as variáveis contextuais no que tange ao processo de gestão e controle dos fluxos de caixa, por meio da abordagem do ciclo de vida organizacional, captando aspectos relevantes, bem como a convergência ou divergência de percepções entre as equipes. Esses achados foram contrastados com a coleta das percepções materializadas por meio das entrevistas realizadas com os gestores gerais de cada área, de modo a triangular as percepções e construir as características predominantes do processo de gestão e controle dos fluxos de caixa e do ciclo de vida organizacional da instituição, bem como dos relacionamentos identificados, sejam eles convergentes ou divergentes. Adicionalmente buscou-se entender também a existência ou inexistência de relação entre o orçamento e esse processo. Sendo assim o trabalho contribuiu com o desenvolvimento de um construto teórico para análise do problema, embasado em diversos excertos de estudos esparsos; para a validação da possibilidade de utilização em uma instituição financeira do modelo de enquadramento de empresas nos estágios do ciclo de vida organizacional; e principalmente para demonstrar a existência de relação entre o processo de gestão e controle dos fluxos de caixa e o seu estágio no ciclo de vida organizacional, suscitando diversas proposições, servindo como ponto de partida para pesquisas futuras.This work aims to expand the knowledge about the activity of cash flow management and control in the banking sector, which is not much explored in research and literature, thus contributing to a better understanding of this activity, since for any company to optimize cash flows management is important, and this task is even more critical to a bank, because the right resource allocation may contribute to optimize their results. For this purpose, a case study in a Brazilian bank was conducted in which was collected the perceptions of many employees and managers from different areas, finance, risk management and treasury, about the characteristics of cash flows management and control process and about the institution as a whole, by checking the relationship of these to the stage in the organizational life cycle in which institution is located. In a first step, sought to analyze the perceptions arising from the application of the questionnaire, these being the representations of the vision of the teams directly related to the process control and management of cash flow. This step aims to understand the relationship between the corporate variables and contextual variables, in relation to cash flow management and control process, by addressing organizational life cycle, capturing relevant aspects, and the convergence or divergence of perceptions between the teams. These findings were contrasted with collection of perceptions materialized through interviews with general managers in order to triangulate the perceptions and build the predominant features of cash flow management and control process and organizational life cycle of this institution, furthermore to identify if the relationship between it were convergent or divergent. Additionally were sought to understand either the existence or lack of relationship between budgeting and this process. This way, the work contributed to the development of a theoretical framework for analyzing the problem, based on several passages of sparse studies; to validate the possibility of use in a financial institution\'s business model framework stages of the organizational life cycle; and mainly to demonstrate the existence of a relationship between cash flow management and control process and its stage in the organizational life cycle, raising several propositions, serving as a starting point for future research.
26
Neto, Beatriz Prior. "O impacto da adoção do regime de contabilidade de caixa em sede de IVA na tesouraria : estudo de caso de uma empresa de comércio por retalho de equipamentos e estruturas agrícolas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19118.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA literatura internacional permite evidenciar que os custos de cumprimento das obrigações fiscais são desproporcionalmente mais elevados para as PME, comparativamente com as grandes empresas, e representam um impacto negativo na sua tesouraria. Como a gestão da tesouraria destas empresas é fundamental para o seu bom funcionamento, o controlo dos custos de cumprimento torna-se um fator importante para garantir a sua sustentabilidade. Tendo em conta a elevada representatividade das PME na economia do país e a relevância que os custos de cumprimento das obrigações fiscais têm na rendibilidade das mesmas, urge analisar as atuais medidas de apoio a estas empresas. Em 2013, foi promovido um regime alternativo de Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado (IVA) como forma de combate às desvantagens derivadas da entrega de este imposto ao Estado, denominado por Regime de Contabilidade de Caixa em sede de IVA (RCCI). Sendo a literatura escassa nesta matéria, o presente estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise crítica do RCCI e verificar o impacto que este teria na tesouraria de uma média empresa, caso esta pudesse aderir a este regime. Os resultados evidenciam que a adoção do RCCI não proporcionou as melhorias de tesouraria esperadas, comparativamente ao Regime Geral de exigibilidade do IVA. Foram ainda propostas alterações ao RCCI que, ao contrário do esperado, não proporcionaram melhorias na tesouraria da empresa em estudo.
The international literature indicates that the costs of complying with fiscal obligations are disproportionately higher for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME's), when compared to larger companies, and have a negative impact in their cash-flows. Since cash management is key to a company's liquidity, controlling compliance costs becomes an important factor to assure its financial sustainability. Various studies demonstrate that current tax systems impose a heavy burden on taxpayers, especially on SME's. Therefore, considering the high representativeness of SME's in the Portuguese economy and the importance of the costs of complying with fiscal obligations to their profitability, it is critical to analyze the current policies that deal with this issue. In 2013, an alternative value-added tax (VAT) system was implemented in response to the disadvantages caused by the payment of this tax, called the VAT Cash-Accounting Scheme (VCAS). Since the literature on this topic is scarce, the present study aims to do a critical analysis of the VCAS and assess to what extent the adoption of this regime would have a positive impact on the cash-flows of a medium-sized company. The results of this study show that, comparatively to the adoption of the general VAT system, adopting the VCAS does not contribute to generate the expected cash-flow improvements. This study also addresses possible amendments to the VCAS that, against the expectations, do not provide improvements to the company's cash-flows.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
27
Přibáňová, Aneta. "Srovnání metodiky při sestavování výkazu cash flow podle české legislativy, IFRS a US GAAP." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263864.
Full textAbstract:
This masters thesis main focus is a statement of cash flows as regulated by czech accounting legislation, International Financial Reporting Standards and US GAAP. First chapter describes the importance of Statement of cash flows and his value added for users of financial statements. The historical context of the statement is shown, it is stated which entities are obligated to report statement of cash flows and lastly the internal structure of the statement is discussed. The second chapter begins by general methods of preparing the statement, then so called specific items are dealt with. The solution of some advanced accounting transactions (government grants, leases, loans, deferred payments etc.) is described. In the end the presentation and dislocure requirements are discussed. Last chapter contains research, where 99 companies are researched, answers are made concerning stated research questions and research hypothesis are concluded.
28
Mashalaba, T. L. "Cash flows analysis with reference to direct and indirect method and value - added reporting of industrial commpanies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51644.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.The investing public seeks to have knowledge on the future and anticipated enterprise performance. The starting point for gathering such information is presented in the enterprise financial statements. Secondary data presented by the Business School of the University of Stellenbosch was used. The study focused on finding out the magnitude of reporting cash flows from operating activities using the indirect or direct methods. The study also checked the frequency of reporting value - added statements, and took a forecast view on what the reporting nature is expected to look like in the next financial year-end. The database used in the study included 655 listed and delisted industrial companies in the Johannesburg Stock Exchangeover the ten-year period starting from January 1990 through to December 1999. It is noted that the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants, as stated in Statement AC 118, encourages enterprises to report cash flows from operating activities using the direct method. This is because the direct method provides information which may be useful in estimating future cash flows and which is not available under the indirect method. The study noted the rate at which newly listed enterprises report their initial cash flow statements, and the rate at which enterprises listed before 1996 are changing from reporting using the indirect method to the direct method. The results showed that at present South African enterprises are reporting cash flows from operating activities at a higher rate that in other notable Western Countries subscribing to the doctrines of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). The number of enterprises presenting value - added statements has shown an increase, though reporting value - added statements is not yet statutory. For the forecasting exercise part of the study, Brown's linear double exponential smoothing technique was applied.
29
Coetzee, D. B. (Dirk Badenhorst). "Die ontleding van 39 maatskappye se kontantvloei situasie oor tyd met behulp van kontantvloeistate." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55491.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1997.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study it is attempted to determine whether delisting of companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is preceded by certain cash flow patterns. Information was collected by summarising the Source and Application of Funds statements and Cash Flow statements of companies into a spreadsheet model. The cash flows of companies were then presented graphically over time with the intent to derive possible patterns. It was also attempted to assess the impact of depreciation on the cash flow situation, as well as the possible reasons for share Issues. Although the sample may be too small for definite conclusions, it seems as if certain cash flow patterns preceded delisting and that share issues are related to investing activities. Depreciation does not seem to have a substantial effect on the cash flow situation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word daar gepoog om vas te steI of denotering van maatskappye op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs voorafgegaan word deur sekere kontantvloei patrone. Inligting is versarneI deur maatskappye se Bron en Aanwending van Fondse state en Kontantvloeistate in 'n sigbladmodeI saarn te vat. Die kontantvloeie van maatskappye is dan grafies voorgesteI oor tyd ten einde moontlike patrone af te lei. Daar is ook gepoog om die impak van waardevermindering op die kontantvloei situasie te bepaaI, asook die moontlike redes vir aandeeluitgifte. AlhoeweI die monster moontlik te klein is vir definitiewe afleidings wil dit tog voorkom of sekere kontantvloei patrone denotering voorafgaan en dat aandeeluitgifte verband hou met investeringsaktiwiteite. Dit blyk dat waardevermindering nie 'n wesenlike rol in die kontantvloei situasie speel nie.
30
Хомазюк, Анна Ярославівна. "Організаційні та методичні засади обліку, аналізу і аудиту грошових коштів на підприємстві ТОВ "Авалон"." Магістерська робота, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19396.
Full textAbstract:
Дипломна магістерська робота присвячена питанням щодо організації та методичних засад обліку, аналізу і аудиту грошових коштів. В роботі проаналізовано такі терміни як облік, аудит, організаційна діяльність, грошовий потік. Доведено, що сукупність теоретичних і практичних принципів та методик ведення обліку, аналізу та аудиту грошових коштів мають великий вплив на діяльність підприємства, в нашому випадку ТОВ "Авалон". Було досліджено, що для забезпечення сталого розвитку діяльності підприємства необхідно використовувати такі методи досліджень як дедукція та індукція, аналіз та аналогія. Проведений аналіз обліку та аудиту ТОВ "Авалон" показав, що створення нових методик, їх дослідження та впровадження матиме позитивний вплив на діяльність даного підприємства та працездатність працюючих.Дипломная магистерская работа посвящена вопросам организации и методических основ учета, анализа и аудита денежных средств. В работе проанализированы такие термины как оборот, аудит, организационная деятельность, денежный поток. Доказано, что совокупность теоретических и практических принципов и методик ведения учета, анализа и аудита денежных средств оказывают большое влияние на деятельность предприятия, в нашем случае ООО "Авалон". Было исследовано, что для обеспечения устойчивого развития деятельности предприятия необходимо использовать такие методы исследований, как дедукция и индукция, анализ и аналогия. Проведенный анализ учета и аудита ООО "Авалон" показал, что создание новых методик, их исследование и внедрение положительно влияет на деятельность данного предприятия и работоспособность работающих.
The master's thesis is devoted to the organization and methodological principles of accounting, analysis and audit of funds. The paper analyzes such terms as turnover, audit, organizational activities, cash flow. It is proved that the set of theoretical and practical principles and methods of accounting, analysis and audit of funds have a great influence on the activities of the enterprise in our case, LLC "Avalon". It was investigated that to ensure the sustainable development of the enterprise it is necessary to use such research methods as deduction and induction, analysis and analogy. The analysis of accounting and auditing of Avalon LLC showed that the creation of new methods, their research and implementation will have a positive impact on the activities of the enterprise and the efficiency of employees.
31
Ongaľová, Dominika. "Manipulace s vykazováním zisku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193073.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with the manipulation of earnings reporting aka earnings management. The initial focus of the thesis is on the earnings management motivations and two ways how to achieve that. Firstly, earnings can be influenced by the management decisions to carry out some transactions without any economic sense. Secondly, there are creative accounting processes to manipulate earnings in required way, what we mainly pay attention to in the thesis. The theoretical part referring to particular earnings management techniques and the quality of earnings is followed by the practical part analyzing earnings management of the most famous companies regarding accounting scandals in history using specific measures. There are model examples to demonstrate these specific quality earnings measures based on the relation between income, accruals and operating cash flow stated before analyze itself.
32
Bjurmark, Sofie, and Frida Oxbern. "Kassagenerering hos företag inom vårdsektorn på Stockholmsbörsen : En studie om indikationer på felaktig intäktsredovisning." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33051.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund och problem: Det är viktigt att företag tillämpar korrekt intäktsredovisning genom efterföljande avgrundläggande regler och principer enligtgod redovisningssed. Vårdsektorn är utpekad gällande indikationer på bristfällig intäktsredovisning och beskattning där bland annat Skatteverket har granskat företag inom vårdbranschen. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om det finns indikationer på felaktig intäktsredovisning inom vårdsektorn. Avgränsningar: Studien avgränsas till att studera samtliga 42 börsbolag inom vårdsektorn på Nasdaq OMX STO, även kallad Stockholmsbörsen, under åren 2008 till 2015. Teori och tidigare forskning: Denna studie har utgångspunkt i Bengtssons forskning. Vidare behandlas intäktsredovisningsom kopplas till periodiserad redovisning. Därefter beaktas forskning och utveckling samt dess utgifter. Ytterligare teorier som behandlas är kassaflödesanalys som kopplas till kassagenerering. Avsnittet beaktar även vinstmanipulering med fokus på Big Bath. Metod: Studien är kvantitativ där beräkningar genomförs utifrån ett flertal årsredovisningar under en åttaårsperiod, longitudinell design. Utformningen i studien är deduktiv där utgångspunkten ärteorier och tidigare forskning. Studiens bortfall innefattar elva företag. Empiri och analys: Empiripresenteras gemensamt med analys där det även ges kort presentation av studiens respektive företag. Analysensfrämsta fokus är på 2015 års kvot. Slutsats: Av studiens 31 undersökta företag inom vårdsektorn på Stockholmsbörsen uppfyller 18 företag Bengtssons teori gällande att kvoten bör förbättras och närma sig kvotvärdet 1 under en längre tidsperiod.De resterande 13 företagen uppfyller däremot inte Bengtssons teori, vilket indikerar på felaktig och subjektiv intäktsredovisning och därmed är fortsatt granskningaktuellav dessa företag. Förslag till vidare forskning: Förslag till vidare forskning är att studera företag under dess hela livstid för att undersöka hur kvoten förhåller sig till 1 samt bakomliggande orsaker, alternativt studera en annan sektor där det finns indikationer på felaktig intäktsredovisning.Background and problems: It is important that companies apply correct revenue recognition by following the basic rules and principles by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The healthcare sector is alleged by regarding indications of inadequate revenue recognition and taxationamong which the Swedish Tax Agency has examined companies in the healthcare industry. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there are indications of incorrect revenue recognition in the healthcare sector. Demarcation: The study is limited to studying all 42 listed companies in the healthcare sector of Nasdaq OMX STO between 2008 and 2015. Theory and previous research: This study is based on Bengtsson's research. Furthermore, revenue recognition is associated with accrued accounting. Subsequentlyresearch and development are taken into consideration as well as their expenses. Further theories that is treated are cash flow analysis that is linked to cash generation. This section also considering earnings management focusing on Big Bath. Method: It is aquantitativestudyand calculations are carried out on the basis of several annual reports for an eight-year period, longitudinal design. The study is designed in a deductive way where the outset is theories and previous research. The disappearance of the study includes eleven companies. Empirical and analysis: Empirical is presented in common with analysis, where there also is a short presentation of each company. The analysis main focus is on the 2015 yearsquota. Conclusion: Of the study's 31 surveyed companies in the healthcare sector on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, 18 companies follows Bengtsson's theory that the quota should be improved and approachthe quota value1 over a longer period. The remaining13 companies does not follow Bengtsson's theory, which indicatesincorrect and subjective revenue recognition and accordingly needs a further inspection. Proposals for further research: Proposals for further research are to study companies throughout their lifetime to investigate how the quota relates to 1 as well as underlying causes, alternatively study another sector where there are indications of incorrect revenue recognition.
33
Cunha, Moisés Ferreira da. "Avaliação de empresas no Brasil pelo fluxo de caixa descontado: evidências empíricas sob o ponto de vista do desempenho econômico-financeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-08022012-181605/.
Full textAbstract:
Modelos de avaliação de empresas têm como objetivo estabelecer o fair value da empresa. Importantes modelos de avaliação econômica e medidas de desempenho econômicofinanceiro são desenvolvidas pelos acadêmicos e profissionais de mercado para identificar direcionadores de valor. Dentre os modelos, está o Fluxo de Caixa Descontado (FCD), que, em síntese, estabelece o valor da empresa pelo valor presente de seus benefícios econômicos futuros esperados. A pergunta principal motivadora da pesquisa é investigar e avaliar se, na média, as projeções de desempenho econômico-financeiro feitas pelas empresas brasileiras, em laudos de avaliação, são aderentes ao longo do tempo. A falta de aderência leva a inferir que as premissas assumidas nos modelos (quase sempre vindas do mercado norte-americano) não se realizam com muita frequência no Brasil. Espera-se, ainda, que a finalidade da avaliação não cause viés nessas projeções. Como plataforma teórica foi utilizada a Moderna Teoria de Finanças, como marco inicial os trabalhos de Modigliani e Miller (1958; 1961 e 1963) e faz-se uma exposição das principais discussões sobre a aplicação dessa teoria em países emergentes. Com relação à empiria, foi estabelecido um conjunto de 15 variáveis que evidenciam o desempenho de estratégias financeiras, desenvolvidas pelas empresas, para a criação de valor. A partir disso, foram levantadas as projeções dessas variáveis nos laudos de avaliação de empresas com o objetivo de Oferta Pública de Aquisição de Ações (OPAs) no período de 2002 a 2009, e comparadas às realizadas (obtidas banco de dados Economática e Maiores e Melhores) pelas empresas ao longo de até dois períodos após o processo de avaliação. Para a realização dos testes das hipóteses estabelecidas foram realizados testes de médias, em amostras emparelhadas, com aplicação do teste paramétrico t_Student quando da existência de normalidade da distribuição dos dados ou o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, quando não satisfeita a premissa da distribuição normal. Os resultados demonstram, basicamente, que as médias das projeções em relação ao realizado, são aderentes, estatisticamente, para as variáveis: evolução da receita líquida (ERL); evolução do lucro líquido (ELL); endividamento (Endv); taxa de investimento (Tinv); retorno sobre o investimento (ROI) e custo de capital médio ponderado (WACC). Por outro lado, as variáveis: margem operacional (Mop); margem do EBITDA (Meb); giro do investimento (Giro); retorno do fluxo de caixa operacional sobre o investimento (CFROI); taxa de crescimento (Ginv); custo de capital de terceiros (Ki) e custo de capital próprio (Ke), mostraram diferenças significativas das médias. Os setores de química, ferrovia e têxtil, entre os analisados, foram os que apresentaram mais vezes diferenças significativas das médias. Na comparação por períodos, diferenças significativas das médias apareceram nas variáveis: margens (operacional e EBITDA); evolução do lucro líquido; taxa de investimento; custo de capital de terceiros; custo de capital próprio e custo de capital médio ponderado. Por fim, a finalidade da avaliação voluntária mostrou viés do desempenho econômico-financeiro superavaliado, enquanto os laudos de avaliação com a finalidade de cancelamento de registro não mostram subavaliação do desempenho. Apesar dos resultados e conclusões apresentadas, a pesquisa mostra algumas limitações, como: as conclusões ficaram restritas à amostra, as dificuldades encontradas no levantamento dos dados para análise das variáveis, também, prejudicou a abrangência e escopo da validação empírica, podendo como sugestões para novas pesquisas, utilizar-se de outros procedimentos metodológico e outras variáveis.Models of company evaluation aim at establishing a fair value for the firm. Students and professionals from the market develop important economic assessment models and measures of economic-financial performance to identify indicators of direction of value. Among the models, a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) can be found, which, in short, establishes the value of the company by the current value of its future economic expected benefits. The main motivating issue of the survey is to investigate and evaluate whether the projections of economic-financial performance done by Brazilian companies in assessment reports, are, on average, cohesive throughout time. The lack of cohesion leads to the inference that the assumptions in the models (nearly always coming from the North American market) do not often occur in Brazil. It is also expected that the aim of the evaluation does not cause a bias in these projections. The Modern Finance Theory was used as the theoretical platform and, as an initial aim, the work of Modigliani and Miller (1958; 1961 and 1963), as well as showing the main discussions about the application of this theory in emergent countries. In relation to the empiric, a collection of 15 variables was established, which makes the financial strategies developed by the companies evident in the creation of value. From this, the projections of these variables were collected from the company evaluation reports with the objective of a Public Offer of Acquisition of Shares (POAS) in the period between 2002 and 2009. They were then compared to those realized (obtained from the Economatic database and the database of Biggest and Best) by the companies, throughout two periods after the process of evaluation. For the realization of the tests on the hypotheses established, tests of measures, in paired samples were performed with the application of the t-Student parametric test, when there was an existence of distribution normality of the data, or the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, when the premise of normal distribution was not satisfied. The results show that the projection averages in relation to what was performed are cohesive statistically for the variables: evolution of net income (ENI); evolution of net profit (ENP); indebtedness (Indbt); investment rate (InvT); return on investment (ROI), and weighted average cost of capital (WACC). On the other hand, the variables: operating margin (Opm); EBITDA margin (Meb); working of investment (Giro); operating cash flow return on investment (CFROI); growth rate (Ginv); cost of debt (Ki), and cost of equity (Ke), showed significant differences in the averages. The sectors of chemical products, railroads, and textiles among those analyzed were the ones that more often presented significant differences in the averages. In the comparison by periods, significant differences in the averages appeared in the variables: margins (operating and EBITDA); evolution of net profit; investment rate; cost of debt; cost of equity, and weighted average cost of capital. Finally, the aim of the voluntary assessment showed a bias of economic-financial over evaluated performance, while the evaluation reports, with the aim of canceling the registers, did not show an under evaluation of the performance. Despite the results and conclusions presented, the survey showed some limitations like: the conclusions were restricted to the sample, the difficulties found in the investigation of the data for the analysis of variables also affected the reach and scope of the empirical validation, allowing for the suggestions for new surveys, to use other methodological procedures and other variables.
34
Maciel, Flávia Fonte de Souza. "Escolhas contábeis na demonstração dos fluxos de caixa no contexto do mercado de capitais brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-18012016-160228/.
Full textAbstract:
As normas contábeis brasileiras estabelecem algumas opções de classificação na Demonstração dos Fluxos de Caixa (DFC), especificamente os fluxos de caixa relacionados aos juros, dividendos e juros sobre capital próprio (JCP) pagos e recebidos. Tais fluxos de caixa podem ser classificados na DFC em três diferentes atividades: operacional (FCO), de investimento (FCI) ou de financiamento (FCF). Por um lado, essa flexibilidade de classificação permite que uma informação mais fidedigna seja divulgada, uma vez que a apresentação da DFC poderá ser adaptada às circunstâncias específicas de cada empresa. Por outro lado, abre espaço para comportamentos oportunistas, ao permitir a escolha da opção que gera a informação mais conveniente. Este trabalho busca identificar incentivos, relacionados às características das empresas não financeiras do mercado de capitais brasileiro, que influenciaram as escolhas de classificação dos juros, dividendos e JCP na DFC, no período de 2008 a 2014. As hipóteses resultantes desse objetivo referem-se a: classificação dos fluxos de caixa de acordo com o encorajamento do CPC 03; identificação de uma possível padronização das classificações na DFC entre empresas com aspectos semelhantes (mesmo setor ou firma de auditoria); relação entre mudanças de classificação dos juros pagos com a troca de auditor; e, o efeito da escolha de classificação dos juros, dividendos e JCP na DFC sobre o FCO, de acordo com características financeiras e de desempenho das empresas. Para fins de mensuração do efeito sobre o FCO, tomou-se por referência o parágrafo 34A do CPC 03, que encoraja a classificação dos juros recebidos ou pagos, dos dividendos recebidos e JCP recebidos como FCO; assim como os dividendos pagos e JCP pagos como FCF. Para análise do referido efeito, foram utilizados dados em painel e duas regressões com as seguintes variáveis dependentes: 1) a diferença em reais entre o FCO divulgado e o valor que seria o FCO ao seguir as opções encorajadas pelo CPC 03; e, 2) a escolha de classificação dos juros pagos (variável dummy). Considerou-se os juros pagos, pois, entre as alternativas, trata-se daquela que aumenta o FCO caso não seja seguida a classificação recomendada pelo CPC. Com uma amostra de 352 empresas, 2.290 relatórios analisados e 3.764 dados levantados, os resultados apontaram que: i) a maior parte das empresas brasileiras segue as classificações encorajadas pelo CPC 03, exceto quanto ao item dividendos/JCP recebidos; ii) alguns setores seguiram uma classificação predominante em todos ou parte dos itens que possuem flexibilidade de apresentação na DFC; iii) há classificações predominantes para empresas que possuem determinadas firmas de auditoria; iv) as mudanças de classificação dos juros pagos ocorreram independentemente da troca de auditor; e, v) há evidências de que o endividamento influencia na divulgação de um FCO em montante diferente do que seria se a recomendação de classificação do CPC fosse seguida. Os resultados alcançados trazem evidências sobre a relação entre características das empresas brasileiras e o FCO divulgado decorrente da escolha de classificação na DFC.Brazilian accounting standards establish some classification options in the Statement of Cash Flows (SCF), specifically the cash flows related to interest, dividends and interest on capital paid and received. Such cash flows can be classified in the SCF in three different activities: operating (FCO), investment (FCI) or financing (FCF). This flexibility of classification, on the one hand, allows the disclosure of a more accurate information, since the presentation of SCF can be adapted to the specific circumstances of each company. On the other hand, it makes room for opportunistic behavior by allowing choice of which option to generate the most suitable information. This study aims to identify incentives related to the characteristics of non-financial companies in the Brazilian capital markets, which influenced the choices of classification of interest, dividends and interest on capital in the SCF, from 2008 to 2014. The resultant hypothesis from the objective refer to: cash flows classification according to the encouragement of the CPC 03; identification of a possible standardization of classifications in SCF among companies with similar features (same sector or audit firm); relationship between classification shift of the interest paid with the change of auditor; and, the effect on the FCO of the classification choice of interest, dividends and interest on capital in the SCF, according to financial characteristics and performance of companies. For the measurement purposes of the effect on the FCO, the paragraph 34A of CPC 03 is taken as reference, which encourages the classification of interest received or paid, dividends received and interest on capital received as FCO; as well as dividends paid and interest on capital paid as FCF. For analysis of that effect, panel data and two regressions with the following dependent variables have been adopted: 1) the difference in reais between the disclosed FCO and the amount that the FCO would be if the options encouraged by the CPC 03 had been followed; and, 2) the classification choice of interest paid (dummy). The interest paid was considered because, among alternatives, it is that which increases the FCO if the classification recommended by the CPC is not followed. With a sample of 352 companies, 2.290 reports analyzed and 3.764 data collected, the results show that: i) the most Brazilian companies follow the classifications encouraged by CPC 03, except those related to dividends/interest on capital received; ii) some sectors followed a predominant classification in all items or part of them that allow flexibility of presentation in SCF; iii) there are prevalent classifications for companies with certain audit firms; iv) classification shift of the interest paid occurred regardless of the change of auditor; and, v) there is evidence that the debt influences the disclosure of an FCO in an different amount than if the CPC classification recommendation had been followed. The achieved results provide evidence on the relationship between characteristics of Brazilian companies and the FCO released due to the choice of classification in the SCF.
35
Andronoudis, Dimos. "Essays on risk, stock return volatility and R&D intensity." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21278.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis consists of three empirical essays studying the capital market implications of the accounting for R&D costs. The first empirical study (Chapter 2) re-visits the debate over the positive R&D-returns relation. The second empirical study (Chapter 3) examines the risk relevance of current R&D accounting. The third empirical study (Chapter 4) explores the joint impact of R&D intensity and competition on the relative relevance of the idiosyncratic part of earnings. Prior research argues that the positive relation between current R&D activity and future returns is evidence of mispricing, a compensation for risk inherent in R&D or a transformation of the value/growth anomaly. The first empirical study contributes to this debate by taking into account the link between R&D activity, equity duration and systematic risk. This link motivates us to employ Campbell and Vuolteenaho (2004)'s intertemporal asset pricing model (ICAPM) which accommodates stochastic discount rates and investors' intertemporal preferences. The results support a risk based explanation; R&D intensive firms are exposed to higher discount rate risk. Hedge portfolio strategies show that the mispricing explanations is not economically significant. The second empirical study contributes to prior research on the value relevance of financial reporting information on R&D, by proposing an alternative approach which relies on a return variance decomposition model. We find that R&D intensity has a significant influence on market participants' revisions of expectations regarding future discount rates (or, discount rate news) and future cash flows (or, cash flow news), thereby driving returns variance. We extend this investigation to assess the risk relevance of this information by means of its influence on the sensitivity of cash flow and discount rate news to the market news. Our findings suggest R&D intensity is associated with significant variation in the sensitivity of cash flow news to the market news which implies that financial reporting information on R&D is risk relevant. Interestingly, we do not establish a similar pattern with respect to the sensitivity of discount news to the market news which may dismiss the impact of sentiment in stock returns of R&D intensive firms. The third empirical study examines the effect of financial reporting information on R&D to the value relevance of common and idiosyncratic earnings. More specifically, we investigate the value relevance of common and idiosyncratic earnings through an extension of the Vuolteenaho (2002) model which decomposes return variance into its discount rate, idiosyncratic and common cash flow news. We demonstrate that the relative importance of idiosyncratic over common cash flow news in explaining return variance increases with firm-level R&D intensity. Extending this analysis, we find that this relation varies with the level of R&D investment concentration in the industry. Those results indicate that the market perceives that more pronounced R&D activity leads to outcomes that enable the firm to differentiate itself from its rivals. However, our results also suggest that the market perceives that this relation depends upon the underlying economics of the industry where the firm operates.
36
Сілівончик, Олена Борисівна. "Організаційні та методичні засади обліку, аналізу і аудиту грошових коштів на підприємстві." Магістерська робота, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19398.
Full textAbstract:
В роботі досліджено економіко-правові засади здійснення операцій з грошовими коштами, розкрито проблематику існуючого визначення науковцями суті поняття "грошові кошти" та класифікації грошових коштів та надано рекомендації щодо подальшого удосконалення досліджень в цьому напрямку. На прикладі підприємства – Товариство з обмеженою відповідальністю "Арсенал-Центр" здійснено дослідження системи обліку, аудиту та аналізу грошових коштів, що реалізована на підприємстві, визначено її основні недоліки та надано рекомендації щодо їх усунення.В работе исследованы экономико-правовые основы осуществления операций с денежными средствами, раскрыта проблематика существующего определения учеными сути понятия "денежные средства" и классификации денежных средств, даны рекомендации по дальнейшему усовершенствованию исследований в этом направлении. На примере предприятия – Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Арсенал-Центр" проведено исследование системы учета, аудита и анализа денежных средств, реализуемой на предприятии, определены ее основные недостатки и даны рекомендации по их устранению.
The paper examines the economic and legal principles of cash transactions, reveals the existing definition of the essence of the concept of "cash" and the classification of funds, and provides recommendations for further improvement of research in this area. On the example of the company – Limited Liability Company "Arsenal-Center" conducted a study of accounting, auditing and analysis of cash, which is implemented at the company, identified its main shortcomings and provided recommendations for their elimination.
37
Жмайлова, О. Г., and Ю. П. Картава. "Проблеми обліку операцій з грошовими коштами та напрямки їх удосконалення." Thesis, Nauka i studia, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59702.
Full textAbstract:
Висвітлені проблеми обліку операцій з грошовими коштами, основними серед яких є:неповне та не своєчасне відображення грошових коштів у системі обліку;ухилення від оподаткування;організація контролю за процесом збереження та використання грошових коштів та зроблені пропозиції по удосконаленню обліку.These types of problems account for transactions with cash, the main of which are: incomplete and not timely reflected in the cash accounting system, tax evasion, organization of control over the process of conservation and use of cash and made suggestions to improve accounting
38
Кравченко, Олена Володимирівна, Елена Владимировна Кравченко, Olena Volodymyrivna Kravchenko, and К. Є. Рудова. "Проблемні аспекти обліку доходів підприємства." Thesis, Одеський Національний економічний університет, 2017. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/83593.
Full text
39
Costa, Jorge Andrade. "O valor preditivo do resultado líquido contábil, dos accruals e do fluxo de caixa operacional das empresas do mercado segurador brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-08062015-163820/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo principal desta tese foi de verificar se as variáveis contábeis resultado líquido contábil, os accruals e os fluxos de caixa operacionais divulgados (FCOs) possuem capacidade de prever fluxos de caixa operacionais das empresas do mercado segurador brasileiro reguladas pela Susep. Adicionalmente foi verificado qual das três variáveis contábeis foi a mais eficiente na previsão, bem como se os accruals conseguem incrementar a capacidade preditiva dos FCOs. Foram analisadas 2.876 demonstrações contábeis semestrais divulgadas por 200 empresas relativas ao período iniciado em 30 de junho de 2005 e terminado em 31 de dezembro de 2013. A base de dados é original. As empresas foram segregadas em cinco segmentos (seguradoras, resseguradoras, sociedades de capitalização, entidades abertas de previdência complementar sem fins lucrativos (EAPCs) e empresas de vida e previdência), em função de suas especificidades. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise de dados em painel para verificar a relação existente entre as variáveis. Percebeu-se que as entradas e saídas de caixa provenientes das aplicações financeiras das empresas (resgates e aplicações) são alocadas na Demonstração dos Fluxos de Caixa (DFC) como atividades operacionais e não como de investimentos. Diante deste fato, os procedimentos estatísticos aplicados aos FCOs também foram aplicados aos fluxos de caixa operacionais modificados (MODs), os quais contemplam a reclassificação das movimentações das aplicações financeiras das atividades operacionais para as atividades de investimentos da DFC. A finalidade de também testar o MOD foi de verificar se o mesmo é mais adequado do que o atualmente divulgado (FCO) e se há melhora na sua capacidade preditiva. Os resultados da previsão dos FCOs mostram que as seguintes variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade de prever FCOs do período subsequente, em cada segmento: (a) as três variáveis, nas empresas de vida e previdência e nas seguradoras; (b) o resultado líquido contábil e o FCO, nas resseguradoras; (c) o resultado líquido contábil, nas sociedades de capitalização; e (d) nenhuma variável contábil, nas EAPCs. Os resultados mostram que somente nas empresas de vida e previdência os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva do FCO. Quanto ao preditor mais eficiente, os resultados apresentados apontam que o resultado líquido contábil foi mais eficiente nas resseguradoras e nas sociedades de capitalização e os accruals foram mais eficientes nas seguradoras e nas empresas de vida e previdência. A análise dos resultados dos MODs mostram, para cada segmento: (a) quais variáveis possuem capacidade de prever MOD no período subsequente; (b) qual variável foi mais eficiente para prever MOD; e (c) se os accruals incrementam a capacidade preditiva de MOD. Conclui-se que, apesar de distintos resultados entre os segmentos, as variáveis contábeis possuem capacidade preditiva, confirmando entendimentos do FASB e do IASB de que a informação contábil é relevante, pois é capaz de fazer a diferença nas decisões tomadas pelos usuários. Adicionalmente é entendimento do autor desta tese de que as entradas e saídas de caixa proveniente das aplicações financeiras dessas empresas deveriam ser alocadas nas atividades de investimento da DFC.The main objective of this dissertation was to verify if the accounting variables: earnings, accruals and operating cash flows (FCOs) have the capacity to predict operating cash flows of the companies of the Brazilian insurance market regulated by SUSEP. Additionally, was checked which of the 3 (three) accounting variables was most efficient in the forecast and if the accruals can help to increase the predictive ability of FCOs. 2.876 financial statements were analyzed that were released by 200 companies for the semiannual period beginning on June 30, 2005 and ended December 31, 2013. The database is original. The companies were separated by 5 (five) segments (insurers, reinsurers, capitalization companies, not for profit open private pension entities (EAPCs) and life and pension companies), according to their specificities. Descriptive analysis and panel data analysis were performed to verify relationship between the variables. It was noticed that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments companies (redemptions and applications) are allocated in the Statements of Cash Flows (DFC) as operating activities and not as investing. Due to this fact, the statistical procedures applied at the FCOs were also applied at modified operating cash flows (MODs), which include the reclassification of movement of financial investments of operating activities for the investing activities of DFC. The purpose to also test the MOD was to verify if it is more appropriate than the currently released (FCO) and if there is any improvement in their predictive ability. The results of FCOs forecasts show that the following accounting variables have the ability to predict FCOs of the subsequent period, in each segment: (a) the 3 (three) variables in the life and pension companies and insurers; (b) the earnings and the FCO in reinsurers; (c) the earnings in capitalization companies; and (d) none of the accounting variables in EAPCs. The results show only in life and pension companies the accruals increment the predictive ability of FCO. As the most efficient predictor, the results show that the earnings was more efficient for reinsurers and the capitalization companies and accruals were more efficient in insurance and in life and pension companies. The results of MODs show, for each segment: (a) which variables have the ability to predict MOD in the subsequent period; (b) which variable was more efficient to predict MOD; and (c) if the accruals increment the predictive ability of MOD. It follows that, although different results between the segments, the accounting variables have predictive ability, confirming understanding of the FASB and IASB that the accounting information is relevant, because it can make a difference in the decisions made by users. Additionally it is the understanding of the author of this dissertation that the cash inflows and outflows from financial investments of these companies should be allocated in investing activities of DFC.
40
Godoy, Carlos Roberto de. "Evidenciação contábil e as avaliações pelo fluxo de caixa descontado e pela teoria de opções: um estudo aplicado à indústria petrolífera mundial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-09092014-133550/.
Full textAbstract:
As informações evidenciadas pelas empresas que exploram e produzem óleo e gás são objetos de consideráveis controvérsias. O centro dessa controvérsia está nas deficiências do modelo do custo histórico em fornecer informações adequadas para os usuários das demonstrações contábeis. O mais importante evento para as empresas que exploram e produzem petróleo é a descoberta de reservas de óleo e gás, e não os lucros e as receitas derivadas das vendas do óleo e do gás. O modelo do custo histórico, entretanto, não consegue mensurar e evidenciar adequadamente as reservas provadas de óleo e gás até que essas reservas sejam desenvolvidas, produzidas e vendidas. Outro problema relacionado ao modelo do custo histórico para as empresas do setor petrolífero, é de que os custos incorridos para se descobrir reservas de óleo e gás possui pouca, se é que há alguma, relação com o valor das reservas provadas. Como resultado dessas deficiências do modelo do custo histórico, e como uma tentativa de \"adaptar\" os resultados, duas formas de capitalizar os custos da atividade de exploração e produção de óleo e gás são utilizadas e aceitas, o método da Capitalização Total e o método da Capitalização pelos Esforços Bem Sucedidos. A avaliação das reservas provadas de óleo e gás das empresas, assim como as decisões de investimentos, são afetadas pela incerteza econômica, pela incerteza técnica, assim como pelas flexibilidades gerenciais embutidas na exploração e produção de óleo e gás. A técnica do Valor Presente Líquido não possui atributos para capturar essas flexibilidades, pois não considera a opção de, por exemplo, adiar o desenvolvimento de uma reserva para o momento em que o preço do barril de petróleo se mostrar conveniente para os planos da empresa. Este estudo tem por objetivo explorar e aplicar as diferentes formas de avaliação de reservas petrolíferas: a) contábil; b) fluxo de caixa futuro (Hotelling); c) fluxo de caixa descontado padronizado; d) margem direta; e) fluxo de caixa descontado; e f) opções reais, a fim de descobrir qual delas apresenta-se como a melhor forma para capturar o valor justo do principal ativo das empresas que exploram e produzem petróleo - as reservas provadas de óleo e gás. Na comparação das técnicas de avaliação, a avaliação pela teoria de precificação de opções se mostrou como a melhor forma de se avaliar as reservas provadas das empresas analisadas, seguida pelas avaliações do fluxo de caixa descontado e pelo princípio de avaliação Hotelling.The information disclosed by oil and gas companies is a source of great controversy. The main issue is the deficiency of the historical cost model to supply adequate information for financial statement users. The most important event for oil exploration and production companies is the discovery of oil and gas reserves, and not the profits and revenues deriving from oil and gas sales. However, the historical cost model does not manage to adequately measure and disclose the oil and gas reserves until they are actually developed, produced and sold. Another problem in the historical cost model for petroleum companies is that there is hardly any or no relation between the costs incurred to discover oil and gas reserves and the value of the proved reserves. As a result of these deficiencies in the historical cost model, and in an attempt to \"adapt\" the results, two ways of capitalizing the costs of oil and gas exploration and production activities are used and accepted, the Full Cost method and the Successful Efforts method. The evaluation of the companies\' proved oil and gas reserves as well as the investment decisions are affected by economic uncertainty, technical uncertainty and by the management flexibilities inserted in oil and gas exploration and production. The Net Present Value technique does not have the attributes to capture these flexibilities, since it does not consider the possibility of delaying the development of a reserve to a moment at which oil prices are convenient for company plans for example. This study aims to explore and apply different forms of evaluating oil reserves: a) accounting; b) future cash flow (Hotelling); c) standardized measure of discounted cash flow; d) direct margin; e) discounted cash flow; and f) real options, with a view to discovering which of these comes out as the best way to obtain the fair value of oil exploration and production companies\' main asset - their proved oil and gas reserves. In the comparison among different techniques, evaluation according to option pricing theory revealed to be the best way to evaluate the proved reserves of the analyzed companies, followed by the discounted cash flow evaluation and by Hotelling\'s evaluation model.
41
Almeida, Regina Santos. "Análise da demonstração do fluxo de caixa e seus indicadores em companhias representativas no espaço aéreo brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19533.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-19T14:49:17Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Regina Santos Almeida.pdf: 1744523 bytes, checksum: 42d0736188b66e13c4a996c3cd426df9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T14:49:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Santos Almeida.pdf: 1744523 bytes, checksum: 42d0736188b66e13c4a996c3cd426df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01
The publication of the Law 11.638/2007, replaces the statement of sources and uses of funds by the statement of cash flows (DFC). At first the research presents the concept, the objectives of financial statements with a greater emphasis on the statement of cash flow, the research object, with its components from operating activities, investing and financing, the development of methods of demonstration we discuss the cash flow and demonstrates the viability of the financial analysis based on DFC were calculated and interpreted the extracted quotients of reports published by companies available on the Anac website, Azul Airlines, Avianca Brazil, Gol Linhas Aereas and TAM Airlines, for two consecutive years of 2014 and 2013. the indexes are classified into four categories: 1st category quotients box cover, 2nd quotients category of quality of the result, 3rd quotients category Capital expenditures and 4th category returns of cash flows, whose purpose varies the evaluation of the enterprise liquidity to determine the cash return rates
A publicação da lei nº 11.638/2007 substitui a demonstração das origens e aplicações de recursos pela demonstração de fluxos de caixa (DFC). A princípio, a pesquisa apresenta o conceito e os objetivos das demonstrações contábeis com ênfase maior na demonstração de fluxo de caixa – objeto da pesquisa – e seus componentes da atividade operacional de investimento e financiamento. Aborda os métodos de elaboração da demonstração do fluxo de caixa e demonstra a viabilidade da análise financeira com base na DFC. Foram calculados e interpretados os quocientes extraídos dos relatórios publicados pelas companhias Azul Linhas Aéreas, Avianca Brasil, Gol Linhas Aéreas e TAM Linhas Aéreas, disponíveis no site da Anac, para dois anos consecutivos; 2013 e 2014. Os índices são classificados em quatro categorias: 1ª quocientes de cobertura de caixa; 2ª quocientes de qualidade do resultado; 3ª quocientes de dispêndios de capital e 4ª retornos do fluxo de caixa, cuja finalidade varia a avaliação da liquidez do empreendimento até a determinação das taxas de retorno de caixa
42
Salvi, Andrea. "A relação do retorno das ações com o EVA, com o lucro residual e com as medidas contábeis tradicionais: um estudo empírico aplicado às empresas brasileiras de capital aberto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96133/tde-10092007-105528/.
Full textAbstract:
A ampla divulgação do conceito de valor econômico adicionado (EVA®) fez com que as empresas utilizassem essa medida de desempenho para evidenciar o quanto de valor foi adicionado aos seus proprietários. Essas empresas esperam que EVA®s positivos aumentem o valor da empresa no mercado. Nesse sentido, alguns estudos comprovaram uma relação forte entre o EVA® e o retorno das ações no mercado, confirmando que o EVA® positivo valoriza a empresa no mercado (FELTHAM et al, 2004; SILVEIRA et al, 2004). Entretanto, ao se analisarem as medidas contábeis tradicionais, como lucro líquido e fluxo de caixa operacional, encontra-se uma forte relação dessas medidas com o retorno das ações e uma fraca relação do EVA® com o retorno das ações (BIDDLE et al, 1997). Neste trabalho, foi aplicado o estudo de Biddle et al, para todas as empresas não-financeiras de capital aberto listadas na Bovespa, no período de 1997 a 2006. Foi apurado o lucro líquido, o fluxo de caixa operacional, o EVA® e o lucro residual (EVA® sem ajustes contábeis) e foi analisada a relação dessas medidas com o retorno das ações das empresas brasileiras. Foi analisada também a influência dos ajustes contábeis na explicação do retorno das ações, para o mesmo período. Os testes de regressões com efeito fixo e efeito aleatório para as amostras com as variáveis independentes ajustadas e não-ajustadas mostraram que o poder de explicação, medido pelo r-quadrado, encontrado nos testes foi muito baixo. Este resultado se aproximou do encontrado por Biddle et al e Feltham et al, fato este que não permitiu afirmar claramente o quanto as medidas de valor econômico e as medidas contábeis explicaram o retorno das ações e se afastou dos resultados encontrados por Silveira et al fato este que poderia evidenciar que o mercado brasileiro apresentou alguma eficiência na sua forma semi-forte.The huge propagation of the EVA® (Economic Value Added) concept allows companies to use this performance measure to prove how much value was added for the owners. These companies hope positive EVA®s increase firm values in the market. In this direction, some studies prove a strong association between EVA® and stock returns, confirming that the positive EVA® valorizes companies in the market (Felthan et al, 2004; Silveira et al, 2004). However, when analyzing mandated performance measures, such as earning and operate cash flow, there is a strong association between these measures and the stock returns, and a weak association between EVA® and stock returns (Biddle et al, 1997). At this study, Biddle et al study was applied to all of no-financial companies with open capital listed at Bovespa, from 1997 to 2006. Earning, operate cash flow, EVA® and residual income (EVA® without accounting adjustments) were verified, and the association between these measures and Brazilian company stock returns was analyzed. The influence of accounting adjustments in the explanation of stock returns was analyzed too, in the same period of time. The tests of fixed effect regression and random effect regression for the samples with independent, adjusted and non-adjusted variables showed that the explanation power, measured by r-square, found in the tests, was very low. This result got closer to the results presented by Biddle et al, which did not allow clearly stating how much the economic value and accounting measures explain the stock returns. In the other hand, this result got far from the results presented by Silveira et al, which could prove that Brazilian market has some efficiency in its semistrong-form.
43
Oka, Armando César. "Fluxo de caixa gerencial pelo método das partidas dobradas e regime de competência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1495.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Armando Cesar Oka.pdf: 906064 bytes, checksum: be230dec20e823ef7d6c3f6d173ade7b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-06-11This study, entitled Cash Flow Management by the Double Entry Bookkeeping System and Accrual Basis Accounting and conducted by Armando César Oka, aims at filling the existing gap on Cash Flow exposing the issue of its construction by applying the Double Entry Bookkeeping System and Accrual Basis Accounting under the hypothesis of a single electronic database for building Cash Flow, Balance Sheet and Income Statement for the year. It shows the accountants the Cash Flow as an object of study due to the importance given to this instrument by public and private entities as well as rescuing liquidity of the leading for profit accounting. Carrying on the academic work and the exploratory researches conducted by the researcher of this study, it exposes the reason for the application of the Double Entry Bookkeeping System and Accrual Basis Accounting to the Cash Flow and for its experiment in a legal entity, getting result by using the Cash Flow Statement. The experiment led the researcher to look for clarification, in the existing literature, regarding the results obtained in the Cash Flow Statement. It also led him to make a structural comparison to the Balance Sheet and Income Statement for the year due to the application of the Double Entry Bookkeeping System and Accrual Basis Accounting in the last two instruments. The conclusion of this study is that it is possible to apply the Double Entry Bookkeeping System and Accrual Basis Accounting in Cash Flow by getting an evidence with liquidity characteristics
Este estudo, efetuado por Armando César Oka, intitulado Fluxo de Caixa Gerencial pelo Método das Partidas Dobradas e Regime de Competência , tem como objetivo a pretensão de preencher a lacuna existente sobre o Fluxo de Caixa, expondo a questão de sua construção mediante a aplicação do Método das Partidas Dobradas e Regime de Competência, sob a hipótese de utilização de um só banco de dados eletrônico para a construção do Fluxo de Caixa, do Balanço Patrimonial e da Demonstração de Resultado do Exercício (DRE). Vem mostrar aos contadores o Fluxo de Caixa como objeto de estudo em virtude da importância dada para este instrumental pelas entidades públicas e privadas, resgatando a liquidez da preponderante contabilidade voltada ao lucro. Em continuidade ao trabalho de formação acadêmica e pesquisas exploratórias efetuadas por este pesquisador, expõe a razão da aplicação do Método das Partidas Dobradas e Regime de Competência ao Fluxo de Caixa e de seu experimento em uma entidade jurídica, obtendo o resultado mediante a Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa. O experimento levou este pesquisador a buscar na literatura existente esclarecimentos dos resultados obtidos na Demonstração de Fluxo de Caixa e uma comparação estrutural ao Balanço Patrimonial e Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício em virtude da aplicação, nestes dois últimos instrumentais, do Método das Partidas Dobradas e Regime de Competência. A conclusão alcançada é que é possível aplicar o Método das Partidas Dobradas e Regime de Competência no Fluxo de Caixa, obtendo-se uma evidenciação com características voltadas à liquidez
44
Pšurný, Adam. "Podnikatelský záměr rozvoje firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224249.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is focused on the business plan the future development of MESIT Fimes a.s. Thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical basis and practical part. The theoretical part is to serve as a source indicator for the creation of practical, which aims to analyze in detail the actual current condition for the creation of the greatest and most effective future development.
45
Andršová, Eva. "Účetní závěrka v souladu s IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222547.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this diploma work is description of basic principles of International accounting Financial Reporting Standards. There are described the main differences between legilature of Czech republic and these standards. Practice part of the work demonstrates crucial diferences in lease.
46
Kotková, Marie. "Vykazování peněžních toků organizačních složek státu v České republice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161977.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on the public sector and deals with one of the new financial statements presented by state organizational units, the cash flow statement, which these state organizational units prepared for the first time for the financial year 2011. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze in detail the quality of these cash flow statements prepared by individual administrators of the state budget chapters and passed for the first time to the Central system of state accounting information. The thesis also presents an evaluation of the quality of the Czech legislative regulation of the cash flows statement in relation to state organizational units and it compares the legislative regulation in the period between 2011 and 2012. An integral part of the thesis is creating theoretical models suitable for the preparation of the cash flow statement. The first model is based on the relationship among particular items of the accounting and financial statements and the second model is based on the transformed data from the statement for evaluation of the state budget implementation.
47
Lima, Wilson Xavier. "Uma aplicação do modelo de fluxo de caixa descontado a partir das informações contábeis obtidas a custo zero: estudo de caso da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1630.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
WilsonLima.pdf: 1049312 bytes, checksum: b2359c76478fa86e67a278b3c988222a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006-04-24Our study is a contribution to the discounted cash flow model application and the use of the information contained in the financial reports for valuation purposes. The presentation starts with a description of the main financial markets, their functioning, most important segments: monetary, credit, capital and foreign exchange markets. The capital market is the place where companies deal their shares. In the stock market the first crucial information is given: the firm s market value that is a result of the share negotiation unit price multiplied by the total number of existing company s stocks. Also important in this part of the work is the reasoning behind investors information use. A detailed overview of the information given by the financial reports and their most common utilization is the next required step of the work. The last part of the theory revision is the presentation of the firm s evaluation models described in the modern financial theory and the presentation of that one to be applied in our case study: the discounted cash flow model. The case was built on the mentioned theory foundations. The material for the case consists of the Companhia Vale do Rio Doce available financial reports taken from the company s site in Internet. They are those required by the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários, the equivalent in Brazil of the Security Exchange Commission. In the conclusion the value calculated through discounted cash flow model based on different assumptions for the value drivers define an interval where the market value of the company can be placed in
O objetivo deste estudo é oferecer uma contribuição à utilização das demonstrações financeiras produzidas segundo as normas contábeis brasileiras como base para a avaliação de empresas segundo o método dos fluxos de caixa descontados. Inicia-se o trabalho pela apresentação dos mercados financeiros: o monetário, o de crédito, o de capitais e o cambial, suas finalidades e seu funcionamento básico. Num segundo momento, focaliza-se um segmento do mercado de capitais: o de ações, suas principais características e o preço das ações que formará o valor de mercado de uma empresa e de que forma o mercado trata a utilização de informações relevantes segundo a teoria de finanças. Em seguida, analisam-se em detalhe a informação contida nos relatórios contábeis e os usos mais comuns dados a esta informação. Por fim descrevemos os modelos de avaliação de empresas da moderna teoria de finanças e o método escolhido para a análise do caso: o do fluxo de caixa descontado. Após a exposição dos fundamentos teóricos, inicia-se o estudo de caso sobre o material disponibilizado pela própria empresa em seu sítio na Internet, contendo as demonstratções financeiras produzidas para fins de atendimento das normas da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. Como fechamento do trabalho, entende-se que os valores calculados através do fluxo de caixa descontado com base em diferentes hipóteses sobre os direcionadores de valor formam um intervalo estatístico no qual se encontra o valor atribuído à empresa pelo mercado
48
Gabrhelíková, Zdeňka. "Transformace IFRS do českých účetních standardů - některé problémy aplikované do podmínek vybrané fi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221397.
Full textAbstract:
Diploma work inquires processing of financial statements according International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS and also according current legal adaptation of financial statements in Czech Republic. The work reveals crucial differences in financial reporting of concrete Small Enterprises Company. It demonstrates the influence of financial reporting on income. The work points out necessity of harmonization of national accounting standards with IFRS.
49
Partlová, Lucie. "Stanovení hodnoty podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377932.
Full textAbstract:
This master’s thesis deals with determination of the value of Samohýl group, a. s. company at 01. 07. 2017. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts of valuation, such as business, value, strategic and financial analysis and valuation methods. In the analytical part, the analyzed company are basic information presented, strategic analysis, financial analysis including its assessment. The design part is processed by analysis and prognosis of value generators and the compilation of the financial plan and ultimately determination of the value of an enterprise using yield methods and accounting method.
50
Santos, Neto João Batista dos. "Decisão de investimento em empresa de pequeno porte de comércio e serviços: uma abordagem probabilística com a teoria das restrições e a teoria das opções reais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1501.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Joao Batista dos Santos Neto.pdf: 5372264 bytes, checksum: 5b73656abd38b37375064ac0954feec8 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-07-03Many investment projects present as relevant characteristics: the uncertainty to future earnings, the irreversibility of investment and the managerial flexibility, with regard to the freedom with the decision making in the time. Studies show that these characteristics are not treated by the traditional methods of planning and evaluation of investment, and for to supplement the limitations of these methods, an alternative that is gaining prominence is the Real Options Theory, whose application has been studied with a focus on investments that require large amounts of capital, such as mining, oil exploration and power generation. This alternative can also benefit investment projects for micro and small companies, providing that are taken into account their constraints, especially in relation to the amount of capital available. This paper aims to propose a method for planning and evaluation of investment, with the joint application of the Theory of Constraints - TOC - and of the Real Options Theory - TOR - in the process of decision making for investment in small businesses the trade sectors of products and services. The methodology consisted of an exploratory research and development of a Single Case Study, which focused on the application of the proposed method in financial planning before the opening of a business focused on sales of products and services for pets. The case study validated the hypothesis and attested the effectiveness of the proposed method, because beyond of make possible a level of free cash flow near to the traditional methods, the proposed method has made possible: the optimization of production capacity and financial resources available; the identification of the lower risk option, and the maximizing of the return on investment
incerteza quanto aos ganhos futuros, a irreversibilidade do investimento e a flexibilidade gerencial, no que diz respeito à liberdade de decisão no tempo. Estudos demonstram que estas características não são tratadas pelos métodos tradicionais de planejamento e avaliação de investimento, e para suprir as limitações destes métodos, uma alternativa que vem ganhando destaque é a Teoria de Opções Reais, cuja aplicação vem sendo estudada com foco em investimentos que requerem elevados montantes de capital, tais como: mineração, exploração de petróleo e geração de energia. Esta alternativa também pode beneficiar os projetos de investimentos de Micro e Pequenas Empresas, contanto que sejam levadas em consideração as suas restrições, sobretudo, em relação ao montante de capital disponível. Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor um método de planejamento e avaliação de investimento, com a aplicação conjunta da Teoria das Restrições TOC e da Teoria das Opções Reais TOR no processo de tomada de decisão de investimento em empresas de pequeno porte dos setores de comércio e serviços. A metodologia consiste numa pesquisa exploratória e no desenvolvimento de um Estudo de Caso Único, que enfocou a aplicação do método proposto no planejamento financeiro antes da abertura de um empreendimento voltado para a comercialização de produtos e serviços destinados a animais de estimação. O estudo de caso validou as hipóteses e atestou a eficácia do método proposto, pois além de viabilizar um nível de Fluxo de Caixa Livre próximo ao dos métodos tradicionais, o método proposto viabilizou ainda: a otimização do uso da capacidade produtiva e dos recursos financeiros disponíveis; a identificação e a opção de menor risco, e a maximização do retorno sobre o Investimento