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Journal articles on the topic 'Case-Vignette'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 January 2025

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1

Bromberg, Walter. "Vignette: "The Case"." Psychiatric Annals 16, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19860201-05.

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2

Siever, Larry. "Paranoid case vignette." Personality and Mental Health 7, no. 3 (August 2013): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1243.

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3

Nayman, Ilana. "Clozapine: A Case Vignette." Australasian Psychiatry 4, no. 6 (December 1996): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569609082080.

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This paper describes successful clozapine treatment in a young woman with a five year history of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. After various treatment-resistant strategies had been given, clozapine was commenced. Symptom resolution within 4 months and sustained high level of functioning within 7 months was achieved. The role of clozapine in general psychiatric practice is evident. Clozapine should be considered earlier in the illness course than was formerly the case.
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4

Steiger, Sahar, Julian Moeller, Julia F. Sowislo, Roselind Lieb, Undine E. Lang, and Christian G. Huber. "General and Case-Specific Approval of Coercion in Psychiatry in the Public Opinion." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032081.

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Background: Psychiatric patients are subjected to considerable stigmatization, in particular, because they are considered aggressive, uncontrollable, and dangerous. This stigmatization might influence the approval of coercive measures in psychiatry by the public and healthcare professionals and might have an influence on the clinical practice of coercive measures. We examined whether the general approval of coercive measures for psychiatric patients with dangerous behaviors differs from case-specific approval. Method: We conducted a representative survey of the general population (n = 2207) in the canton of Basel-Stadt, Switzerland. In total, 1107 participants assessed a case vignette depicting a fictitious character with a mental illness and indicated whether they would accept coercive measures (involuntary hospitalization, involuntary medication, and seclusion) for the person in the vignette. It was explicitly stated that within the last month, the fictitious character displayed no dangerous behavior (Vignette ND) or dangerous behavior (Vignette D). Another 1100 participants were asked whether they would approve coercive measures (involuntary hospitalization, involuntary medication, and seclusion) for psychiatric patients with dangerous behavior in general (General D), i.e., without having received or referring to a specific case vignette. Findings: The logistic regression model containing all variables explained 45% of the variance in approval of any type of coercive measures. Assessment of case vignettes without dangerous behavior (Vignette ND) was associated with significantly reduced approval of coercive measures compared to assessment of a case vignette with dangerousness (Vignette D), while approval for coercive measures in a person with mental health disorder with dangerous behavior in general (General D) was significantly higher than for the case vignette with dangerousness. Conclusions: The general approval of coercive measures for people with mental disorders seems to differ depending on if the respondents are asked to give a general assessment or to examine a specific and detailed clinical case vignette, indicating an increased role of stigmatization when asking about generalized assessments. This may contribute to diverging findings on the acceptance of coercive measures in the literature and should be considered when designing future studies.
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Beehuspoteea, Nirja, and Vellingiri Raja Badrakalimuthu. "Dementia in transgender population: case vignette." Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry 25, no. 4 (October 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pnp.724.

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Moore, John B., Thanh D. Hoang, and Alfred F. Shwayhat. "Case Report of Clinical Vignette: Osteopetrosis." Military Medicine 182, no. 3 (March 2017): e1886-e1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-16-00234.

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7

Stoffel, Sandro Tiziano, Rachel Spencer, Judit Konya, Ivo Vlaev, and Matthias Schwenkglenks. "Herding-like behaviour in medical decision making: An experimental study investigating general practitioners’ prescription behaviour." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 8, 2024): e0297019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297019.

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Previous observational studies have indicated that social influences, such as arising from herding-like behaviour, can contribute to medical errors. In this study, we experimentally examined whether general practitioners (GPs) would follow incorrect prescription recommendations from fellow GP or specialists. To investigate this, we conducted an online survey with 475 GPs practicing in England that included two case vignettes. Case vignette 1 focused on sleeping tablets, and case vignette 2 was centred around antibiotics. The vignettes were presented in random order, and within each vignette, study participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: control condition (lacking peer recommendation), fellow GP condition (including a recommendation from a fellow GP not aligned with best practice clinical guidelines), or specialist condition (including a recommendation from a specialist not aligned with best practice clinical guidelines). The primary outcome measure was the proportion of GPs who prescribed medication that deviated from best practice clinical guidelines. We found that, in both case vignettes, the percentage of respondents prescribing such medication was highest in those assigned to the specialist condition, followed by those assigned to the control condition. It was lowest in those assigned to the fellow GP condition (case vignette 1: 73.8% vs. 55.6% vs. 36.6% and case vignette 2: 24.0% vs. 12.4% vs. 10.1%). In the case of vignette 1, the difference between the fellow GP condition and the control condition is statistically significant, suggesting that GPs are less likely to prescribe sleeping tablets when recommended by a fellow GP. This implies that GPs are more inclined to prescribe non-guideline-recommended medication when advised by specialists. This study is the first to experimentally demonstrate that physician herding behaviour can result in prescription errors. Future research could extend this inquiry to diverse contexts, including diagnosis.
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8

Gewirtz- Meydan, A., M. Mock, and L. Ayalon. "PDE5i as a Cure for Older Adults: An Indicator of Ageist Practices among Physicians." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-op-0051.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether physicians have an age bias regarding sexual dysfunction in older vs. younger patients in terms of diagnosis, attributed etiology, proposed treatment and perceived prognosis. Design and Method: An on-line survey consisting of one of two, randomly administered, case vignettes, which differed only by age (28 or 78). In both cases, the patient was described as suffering from occasional erectile dysfunction with a clear psychosocial indication. A total of 236 physicians responded to the survey. Overall, 110 physicians received an old patient vignette and 126 physicians received a young patient vignette. Results: Even though both cases presented with a clear psychosocial etiology, the young patient vignette was more likely to be diagnosed with performance anxiety, whereas the old patient vignette with erectile dysfunction. The old patient vignette dysfunction was more likely to be attributed to hormonal changes, health problems and decreased sexual desire. Physicians were more likely to recommend hormonal and PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i; such as Sildenafil; Vardenafil; Tadalafil) treatment as well as urology referral to the old patient vignette. The young patient vignette was more often referred to a sexologist and received a more positive prognosis than the older patient. Conclusions: This study demonstrates an age bias among physicians regarding sexuality in later life. Of particular note is the increased prescription of PDE5i to the older patient, despite the clear psychosocial indication presented in the case vignette.
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9

Johnston, Alexandrea, Daniel Ambrosini, and Bruno Losier. "Impact of the Illusory Truth Effect and Location of Testimony in Juror Deliberations." International Journal of Risk and Recovery 4, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v4i1.4339.

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The illusory truth effect (ITE) is the tendency to believe false information as being accurate after it has been presented repeatedly over time. ITE has been shown to hold true in many different contexts; however, there have been no studies that examine the influence of ITE in jurors’ deliberation. Given the importance of weighing legally relevant facts in the decision-making process, and the potential influence of ITE, this study examined whether the repetition of key evidence in testimony matters in this context. This study also examined whether critical information would be influenced by the location of ITE. In that context, jurors may process critical information differently when introducing ITE early (i.e., primacy effect) or later (i.e., recency effect) in the vignette of a murder case. To examine this effect, 100 participants were recruited and asked to read a vignette where pertinent evidence related to a murder was strategically repeated throughout the case narrative. Participants were assigned to one of four groups: control; ITE throughout vignette; ITE at the beginning of vignette; and ITE at the end of vignette. After reading the vignette, participants were asked to complete a short questionnaire and provide a final decision about various aspects of the case. Results revealed that repetition of pertinent evidence matters. The placement of evidence also has the potential to influence jurors’ perceptions of certain case relevant details. These findings suggest that within a sensitive legal context, such as jurors weighing evidence of an accused’s culpability, ITE could alter one’s perception of the facts.
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Coleman, Craig, Lindsey Miller, and Mary E. Weidner. "A Clinical Tutorial in Stuttering: Case Vignette." Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders 25, no. 1 (May 2015): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ffd25.1.5.

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This clinical paper focuses on a case vignette for a teenager who stutters to highlight comprehensive assessment and treatment of stuttering. The case emphases the need for assessment and treatment approaches that focus on the multi-dimensional nature of stuttering. Case vignettes may be one way to help clinicians gain a better understanding of stuttering assessment and treatment.
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RAZALI, S. M., and A. M. HAMZAH. "Case Vignette in a Community-Based Study." American Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 1 (January 1999): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.1.158.

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12

Cutter, Jane, Annemarie Sullivan Palincsar, and Shirley J. Magnusson. "Supporting Inclusion Through Case-Based Vignette Conversations." Learning Disabilities Research and Practice 17, no. 3 (August 2002): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5826.00044.

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13

Lewis, Glyn, Caroline Croft-Jeffreys, and Anthony David. "Are British Psychiatrists Racist?" British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 3 (September 1990): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.3.410.

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Out of a sample of 220 British psychiatrists, 139 completed a questionnaire regarding a case vignette of a psychotic illness. The sex and ‘race’ of the vignette were varied and the responses compared. The Afro-Caribbean case was regarded as that of an illness of shorter duration, and requiring less neuroleptics than the white case. Respondents judged the Afro-Caribbean case as potentially more violent and thought criminal proceedings were more appropriate. The female vignette was perceived as less violent, less criminal, and less likely to need neuroleptics. Cannabis psychosis and acute reactive psychosis tended to be diagnosed more often and schizophrenia less often in Afro-Caribbean cases, refuting the claim that psychiatrists tend to overdiagnose schizophrenia in this group. Such ‘race thinking’ (a form of stereotyping which is distinct from ideological racism) could lead to inappropriate management.
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Oh, S., Jaime Uribarri, and Hugh J. Carroll. "Electrolyte Case Vignette: A Case of Unusual Organic Acidosis Man." American Journal of Kidney Diseases 11, no. 1 (January 1988): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(88)80181-1.

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15

Makkink, Andrew. "The Development and Use of a Novel Clinical Vignette as a Blended Learning Adjunct for Simulation-Based Learning During and Beyond COVID." Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 6, no. 3 (December 8, 2022): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v6i3.275.

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Case-based learning (CBL) is an important teaching tool for encouraging students to think as medical experts. Using blended learning principles to present a case where students can choose which information they require has the potential to improve learning where contact time is limited, as was the case during the COVID pandemic. This paper reports on a de novo online clinical vignette used as a foundation for a blended, case-based learning vignette that used follow-on Blackboard activities to improve teaching and learning. Student users were positive about the online CBL vignette and indicated that it provided several advantages to improved learning within the practical simulation environment, including improved confidence. In addition, integration with existing knowledge and other subjects was confirmed and immersion was improved. Benefits identified by student users included improved understanding of the real world of practice and encouraging thinking out of the box. There were suggestions that more multimedia would be a valuable improvement as well as students having access to additional similar activities. The implications of this research are that the online CBL vignette is a viable tool for enhancing blended learning within the practical, simulation-based teaching environment. More research is required on its applicability to other healthcare settings.
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Piano, Virginie. "A Case Vignette Study to Assess the Knowledge of Pain Physicians of Neuropathic Cancer Pain: Room for Improvement." Pain Physician 6;16, no. 6;11 (November 14, 2013): E779—E788. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2013/16/e779.

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Background: In more and more countries, a specific pain education curriculum is provided to instruct pain physicians. However, there is little literature on pain education and in particularly how to evaluate their knowledge. One of the modules interesting to assess is the use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) by pain physicians. Objectives: The aim was to investigate if a case vignette is useful to evaluate pain physicians’ knowledge about recommendations contained in CPGs. Setting: An E-mail survey was conducted with the support of the Société Française d’Etude et de Traitement de la Douleur to all pain specialists (primary and secondary care) in France. Methods: The survey consisted of a case vignette about a patient with pain suffering from an intractable pancreatic cancer with multiple choice questions about diagnosis and treatment of pain. Percentages of participants who treated the patient as suggested in the CPGs were calculated. Results: A total of 214 of those invited to participate (921) answered the questionnaire (24%). More than 85% of the respondents declared to know and use CPGs. Half of the participants diagnosed and treated neuropathic pain components in the case vignette according to the recommendations in the CPGs. Limitations: This exercise needed to be explained: pain physicians should be trained to this kind of questionnaire. It explains the low response rate and the progressive diminution of responders during the questionnaire. Conclusions: Case vignette is an interesting instrument for pain education because it is cheap, easy to use, and can be repeated. However, training before using this instrument is needed for pain physicians, in particular during their pain education. Key words: Education, case vignette, cancer pain, neuropathic pain, evidence basedmedicine, treatment, guideline, pain physician
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Pietrzak, Constance, Rebecca Tsang, Marla Wolfert, Anjana Pillai, and Stanley Cohen. "Clinical Vignette: Unusual Case of Low SAAG Ascites." American Journal of Gastroenterology 107 (October 2012): S407. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201210001-01002.

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Gan, G., A. Bhat, F. Fernandez, J. Ramachandran, C. Hsu, T. Choong, and T. Tan. "Cardiac Vignette: A Rare Case of Atrial Myopathy." Heart, Lung and Circulation 25 (August 2016): S216—S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.510.

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Gan, G., A. Bhat, T. Suo, F. Fernandez, C. Spadola, T. Choong, and T. Tan. "Cardiac Vignette: An Interesting Case of Syphilitic Aortitis." Heart, Lung and Circulation 25 (August 2016): S217—S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.511.

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Patro, BinodK, and Jeyashree Kathiresan. "Case vignette: A promising complement to clinical case presentations in teaching." Education for Health 26, no. 1 (2013): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1357-6283.112796.

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Morris, Chad D., Donna L. Richardson, Jill M. Loewen, Laura C. Vanheest, Angela Brumley-Shelton, and Maria T. Feo. "An Interdisciplinary Response to a Tobacco Cessation Case Vignette." Journal of Smoking Cessation 12, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2016.9.

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Introduction:Tobacco use is a chronic, relapsing condition. While there are proven cessation medications and counselling treatments, uptake of available aids is poor and smokers often do not have access to evidence-based services.Aims:The Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence (ATTUD) is an organisation of tobacco treatment specialists (TTSs) representing a wide array of disciplines and healthcare settings. This case vignette was intended to provide a clinical example of an interdisciplinary approach to tobacco use treatment.Methods:ATTUD Interdisciplinary Committee members representing tobacco-cessation experts from five professions were asked to respond to the same composite case vignette detailing key areas of clinical consideration and treatment.Results/Findings:While there were common treatment themes across professions, each provider also offered a unique treatment perspective addressing different facets of the patient's complex care needs, including attention to other chronic illnesses, mental illnesses, and preventive services. Expert responses highlighted that different treatment approaches across a continuum of healthcare settings are complementary.Conclusions:Responses to this vignette support the need to address tobacco use from an interdisciplinary approach. Existing chronic care and patient-centred models should be utilised to ensure that tobacco users receive a sufficient range of cessation services.
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Pedneault, Amelie, and Dale W. Willits. "Asking about the Worst First: An Examination of Contextual Effects in Factorial Vignettes." Sociological Methodology 52, no. 1 (February 2022): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00811750211071129.

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Contextual effects refer to the process by which responses given to survey questions can be affected by question order. Generally, contextual effects harm data measurement validity by introducing bias and increasing measurement error; the risk is that responses to a survey’s later questions are partly affected not only by the substance of the question but also by the preceding questions. Two opposite effects are possible: a carryover effect refers to the assimilation of later questions into those previously asked, and a backfire effect refers to the contrasting of earlier and later questions. In the case where a stereotype is activated in earlier questions of a survey, the previous literature suggests a carryover effect is more likely. The present study tests whether this is also the case in factorial vignette research by examining the influence of first presenting a vignette that corresponds more closely to a stereotypical view of sexual abuse. Results indicate a backfire effect, pointing to the distinctively different way in which vignette scenarios activate stereotypes compared to general survey questions. The results also highlight the need for researchers to control for contextual ordering effects when modeling factorial vignette data.
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Novianty, Anita. "Literasi Kesehatan Mental: Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Publik mengenai Gangguan Mental." ANALITIKA 9, no. 2 (January 23, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/analitika.v9i2.1136.

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<p><em>The prevalence of mental illness was increasing every year, yet many cases were not treated by professional treatment. Mental health literacy is one of factors in which influence people’s intention to seek professional treatment. This study aimed to find out the knowledge and public’s perception about mental illness (depression &amp; schizophrenia case). The participants of this study was 89 people (N=89; Men: 32, Women: 57), aged 15-38 years old. The method of this study was online survey that consisted of two vignettes about depression and schizophrenia case that were adapated from Angermeyer et al. (2005). Participant’s responses on vignette described public’s knowledge and perception, help-seeking references, and stigma. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze data. The result showed only 21% of participants recognized vignette as depression, eventhough 81% of them ever met family/friends with similar symptoms on vignette. On the other hand, Only </em><em>12%</em><em> of participants recognized vignette as schizophrenia, eventhough 45% of them ever met family/friend with similar symptoms on vignette. Only </em><em>25</em><em>% of participants referred family/friend with schizophrenia symptoms to profesional treatment, the rest was reffered to informal treatment such as local healer. The theme of perception, help-seeking reference and stigma that were analyzed by thematic analysis will be disscussed later.</em></p>
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Lucet, Jean-Christophe, Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine, Agnes Lefort, Carine Roy, Sylvain Diamantis, Emmanuelle Papy, Oscar Riveros-Palacios, et al. "Do Case Vignettes Accurately Reflect Antibiotic Prescription?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 10 (October 2011): 1003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/661914.

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Background.Antibiotic prescription is frequently inappropriate in hospitals. Our objective was to evaluate whether the quality of antibiotic prescription could be measured using case vignettes to assess physicians' knowledge.Methods.The study was conducted in 2 public teaching hospitals, where 33/41 units and 206/412 physicians regularly prescribing antibiotics to inpatients agreed to participate. A cross-sectional survey of knowledge was performed using 4 randomly assigned case vignette sets. Curative antibiotic prescriptions were then evaluated using standard criteria for appropriateness at initiation (day 0), after 2–3 days of treatment (days 2–3), and at treatment completion. We compared knowledge of the physicians with their observed prescriptions in the subset of 106 physicians who completed the case vignettes and prescribed antibiotics at least once.Results.The median global case vignette score was 11.4/20 (interquartile range, 8.92-314.3). Of the 483 antibiotic prescriptions, 314 (65%) were deemed appropriate at day 0, 324 (72%) on days 2–3, and 227 (69%) at treatment completion. Prescriptions were appropriate at all 3 time points in only 43% of patients. Appropriate prescription was positively and independently associated with emergency prescription on day 0, documented infection on days 2–3, and 1 of the 2 hospitals at treatment completion. In addition, appropriateness at the 3 evaluation times was positively associated with prescription in anesthesiology or the intensive care unit. Case vignette scores above the median were significantly and independently associated with appropriate antibiotic prescription on days 2–3 and at treatment completion.Conclusions.Case vignettes are effective for identifying physicians or hospitals whose knowledge and practice regarding antibiotic prescription require improvement.
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Mumm, Steven, Jonathan Jones, Patrick Finnegan, and Michael P. Whyte. "Historical Vignette: Hypophosphatasia: Molecular Diagnosis of Rathbun's Original Case." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.9.1724.

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Albers, Gregory C., and Ketan Shah. "Case Vignette: Palmar Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (PPE) Resulting From Mesalamine." American Journal of Gastroenterology 110 (October 2015): S288—S289. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201510001-00654.

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Bhat, A., G. Gan, F. Fernandez, and A. Denniss. "Cardiac vignette: A curious case of left ventricular hypertrophy." Heart, Lung and Circulation 24 (2015): S329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.508.

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Bhat, A., G. Gan, F. Fernandez, and A. Denniss. "Cardiac vignette: Isolated case of right ventricular non-compaction." Heart, Lung and Circulation 24 (2015): S330—S331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.511.

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Magliano, Lorenza, Corrado de Rosa, Manuela Guarneri, Pasquale Cozzolino, Claudio Malangone, Cecilia Marasco, Andrea Fiorillo, and Mario Maj. "Causes and psychosocial consequences of schizophrenia: the opinions of Mental Health services' staff." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 11, no. 1 (March 2002): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00010137.

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SummaryObjective – Description of the opinions about causes and psychosocial consequences of schizophrenia in a sample of psychiatric professionals, recruited in 29 Italian Mental Health Centres (MHC). Design – Each professional was asked to read a case-vignette describing a patient who met the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia. Referring to case-vignette, he/she was asked to fill the Questionnaire on the Opinions about Mental Illness – Professionals' version (QO-P). Professionals' opinions were explored in relation to: a) their socio-demographic variables and professional background; b) geographic location of the MHC. Setting – 29 MHC stratified by geographic area (Northern, Central, Southern Italy) and population density of their catchment areas (> 100000 inhabitants; between 100000 and 25000 inhabitants; < 25000 inhabitants) and randomly selected. Results – Data on 465 professionals were collected. 75% of the sample identified in the vignette a case of schizophrenia, 22% of depression/anxiety disorder. Factors most frequently mentioned as causes of the detected disorder were heredity (68%), stress (61%), family difficulties (46%). More pessimistic opinions about psychosocial consequences of schizophrenia were found among nurses and among professionals of Southern Italy, among those with lower educational level, older age and among those working longer in psychiatry. No statistical difference in the opinions about psychosocial consequences of schizophrenia was found among staff who referred the case-vignette to schizophrenia and those who did not. Conclusions – The results of this study outline the need to: a) include issues such as disability and psychosocial consequences of mental disorders in the basic training of professionals; b) increase the number of professionals trained in evidence-based psychosocial interventions.
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Shapiro, Jerrold Lee. "Flashback Trauma Intervention and the Hawaiian Prison Softball Community." Journal of Tropical Psychology 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jtp.1.1.9.

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ABESINGHE, A. M. I. D., K. P. D. K. I. KATUWAWELA, K. P. W. LAKMALI, N. L. JAYANETTI, K. G. P. K. MUNIDASA, B. Sunil S. DE SILVA, and Fayz M. M. T. MARIKAR. "Mental health literacy: A Survey of the Public’s Ability to Recognize Mental Disorders and Their Knowledge about the Effectiveness of Helpful Interventions to Help the Victims." Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 23, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 173–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.16.

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"Background- Although Mental health literacy (MHL) among public has been widely studied in many countries, there are few studies on MHL in Srilanka. MHL is important as it is closely related to help seeking behavior and mental health outcomes. Poor MHL has been a major barrier on improving mental health care in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to describe MHL in terms of ability to recognize mental health problems, knowledge of helpful interventions and professional help available. The association between socioeconomic variables and MHL was also identified. Methods- This descriptive cross-sectional study used a pretested questionnaire on 430 people aged between 18-60, where MHL was assessed using four case vignettes. The vignettes represented depression with suicidal ideation, social phobia, schizophrenia, and dementia. Results- The response rates for recognition as a mental health problem was 83.7% (n=297) for the depression vignette, 80.8% (n=287) for schizophrenia vignette, 56.6% (n= 201) for dementia vignette and 54.4% (n= 193) for social phobia vignette. Satisfactory levels for the ability to recognize professional services were 44.5% (n= 158) for both depression and schizophrenia vignettes and 37.7% (n= 134) for dementia and social phobia vignettes. Satisfactory levels in recognizing helpful interventions were 43.4% (n= 154) for social phobia vignette, 27.9% (n= 99) for schizophrenia vignette, 21.1% (n= 75) for dementia vignette and 20.3% (n= 72) for depression vignette. A statistically significant association was found among the educational level and the ability to recognize mental health problems, the ability to recognize professional services and knowledge of helpful interventions. Conclusion- Though the majority was able to recognize the mental disorders as mental health problems, their knowledge of professional services and helpful interventions were relatively very low. Therefore, the MHL of the target population is inadequate comparing to the most of western countries. There is an urgent need for mental health education initiatives to improve MHL among the public considering their socioeconomic background in Sri Lanka. "
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Özüm, Tuğba, Mehmet Akif Topçuoğlu, Rahşan Göçmen, and Ethem Murat Arsava. "High resolution magnetic resonance imaging in CADASIL: A case vignette." Turkish Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases 29, no. 2 (2023): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tbdhd.2023.81904.

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Primulyanto, Brevmana Anugrah, Yosi Irawati Wibowo, Eko Setiawan, and Cecilia Brata. "Profil Tipe dan Ketepatan Rekomendasi Apoteker pada Kasus Vignette Dispesia di Salah Satu Kabupaten di Jawa Timur Indonesia." MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana) 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/mpi.v4i2.5331.

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Dispepsia merupakan salah satu gejala yang umum dijumpai di apotek, dan oleh karena itu apoteker perlu untuk mampu memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat pada pasien dengan gejala dispepsia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tipe dan ketepatan rekomendasi pada dua kasus vignette dispepsia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dan 42 apoteker berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi: (1) karakteristik apoteker dan apotek serta (2) dua kasus vignette: kasus dispepsia tanpa alarm symptoms dan kasus dispepsia karena Na diklofenak. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur. Analisis data dilakukan dengan inductive content analysis. Ketepatan rekomendasi dinilai berdasarkan literatur dan opini expert panel. Tipe rekomendasi yang paling sering diberikan oleh apoteker pada dua kasus di atas adalah memberikan produk untuk gejala dispepsia. Ketepatan rekomendasi pada kasus dispepsia tanpa alarm symptom dan pada kasus dispepsia karena Na diklofenak secara berturut-turut adalah 83% dan 21% dari 42 apoteker yang berpartisipasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketepatan rekomendasi bervariasi tergantung kasus. Perlu adanya peningkatan kemampuan apoteker dalam memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat, terutama pada kasus swamedikasi dispepsia yang membutuhkan rujukan ke dokter. Dyspepsia is a symptom commonly seen in community pharmacies, and therefore pharmacists need to be able to provide appropriate recommendations for patients with dyspepsia. This study aims to describe the types and the appropriateness of the recommendation provided by pharmacists when responding to two vignette cases of dyspepsia. This study was a cross sectional study, and 42 community pharmacists participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of (1) pharmacists and pharmacy characteristics, and (2) two vignette cases of dyspepsia without alarm symptoms and dyspepsia due to Na diclofenac was developed. A structured interview was used for data collection, and an inductive content analysis was used to analyse the cases. The appropriateness of the recommendation was assessed based on the literature and expert panel opinion. The most common type of recommendation provided in the 2 vignette cases was recommending product for dyspepsia. Appropriate recommendation was provided by 83% and 21% of the 42 participating pharmacists in the case of dyspepsia without alarm symptoms and in the case of dyspepia due to Na diclofenac respectively. The appropriateness of the recommendation varied depending on the case. There is a need to improve the capability of pharmacists in providing appropriate recommendation, particularly for a dyspepsia case that needs medical referral.
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Di Liberto, Giovanni, Irene Aícua-Rapún, Jean-Nicolas Comps, Mohamed Sherif, Noémie Boillat-Blanco, Jean-Philippe Brouland, Philippe Maeder, Roy T. Daniel, Renaud A. Du Pasquier, and Arseny A. Sokolov. "The (Un)Resolved Case: Blurry vision, left foot drop and brain cysts." Clinical and Translational Neuroscience 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 2514183X1986609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514183x19866098.

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This clinical vignette describes the interdisciplinary diagnostic approach to a patient with cystic brain lesions. The scope of this case is to develop the clinical reasoning skills of trainees in clinical neuroscience, taking into account alternative diagnoses and unusual clinical presentations.
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Kochanek, Piotr. "Winiety metropolii pentarchii na mapach średniowiecznych i wczesnonowożytnych." Vox Patrum 62 (September 4, 2014): 213–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3587.

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The idea of the pentarchy directly expressed by Justinian I (527-565) – Novella 131 – is also perceptible in cartography. This paper examines the 41 medieval and early modern world maps in the context of the vignettes of the pentarchy. From the above analysis shows that almost every map from this period had a vignette of Jerusalem and 37 maps have a vignette of Rome. But only 28 maps have a vi­gnette of Alexandria, 24 maps have a vignette of Constantinople, and 20 maps have a vignette of Antiochia. In the case of Jerusalem, a huge majority of vignettes is a sacred buildings (most often it is the Tomb of Christ). Only in three cases is a Holy Cross. In contrast, Rome’s vignettes represent both religious buildings and fortifications. As for the drawings on the vignettes of Antiochia, Alexandria, and Constantinople, the vast majority of them are character of fortifications. These vignettes are, on the one hand, a close relationship with the history of these cit­ies, on the other hand, they are associated with the medieval and early modern politic ideology and theology. This paper is trying to capture and analyze these complicated, religious, political, and theological relationships, and explaining the meaning of these vignettes.
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Himelfarb, Igor, Katerina M. Marcoulides, Guoliang Fang, and Bruce L. Shotts. "A Two-Level Alternating Direction Model for Polytomous Items With Local Dependence." Educational and Psychological Measurement 80, no. 2 (September 3, 2019): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164419871597.

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The chiropractic clinical competency examination uses groups of items that are integrated by a common case vignette. The nature of the vignette items violates the assumption of local independence for items nested within a vignette. This study examines via simulation a new algorithmic approach for addressing the local independence violation problem using a two-level alternating directions testlet model. Parameter values for item difficulty, discrimination, test-taker ability, and test-taker secondary abilities associated with a particular testlet are generated and parameter recovery through Markov Chain Monte Carlo Bayesian methods and generalized maximum likelihood estimation methods are compared. To aid with the complex computational efforts, the novel so-called TensorFlow platform is used. Both estimation methods provided satisfactory parameter recovery, although the Bayesian methods were found to be somewhat superior in recovering item discrimination parameters. The practical significance of the results are discussed in relation to obtaining accurate estimates of item, test, ability parameters, and measurement reliability information.
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Schmoeger, M., A. Schosser, S. Jantscher, E. Auff, and U. Willinger. "An experimental investigation on the perception of depression among the public." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72391-4.

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Studies on beliefs regarding mental disorders take an interest in the question what beliefs about the causes are prevalent among the public. Studies using case vignettes concluded that lay beliefs about the causes of mental disorders clearly differ from the results of psychiatric research in view of the fact psychosocial factors are predominating in comparison with biological factors (Angermeyer & Dietrich, 2006). The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the impact of causal labels (biological/genetic, psychological/environmental or cause unknown), sex of the person described in a case vignette and sex of the participants on the perception of depression. The sample consists of 312 non-clinical participants (47.10% men, 52.90% women; mean age ± SD: 29.17 ± 12.76) who are not involved in mental health settings. To identify participants’ attitude towards depressive patients the experimental design of Lam et al. (2005) was modified and adjusted. A three way ANOVA was conducted to examine effects of causal labels, type of case vignette and sex of the participants on the attitude towards depressed patients. Simple main effects analysis only showed a significant main effect concerning sex of the participants (F = 5, 148, df = 1, p = 0,024).The results of the current study suggest that in comparison to men, women believe that depressive patients are more affected by the symptoms of the disorder. Neither the information about the aetiology of the disorder, nor sex of the person described in the case vignette seems to have an impact on the beliefs of the participants.
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Colley, Jack, Mustafa Mahdi, and Ruth Poole. "Homeless but not hopeless: overcoming the challenges of managing diabetes in people with lived experience of homelessness." Practical Diabetes 41, no. 2 (May 2024): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.2500.

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Using a case vignette by way of illustration, Dr Jack Colley, Dr Mustafa Mahdi and Dr Ruth Poole here provide key practical advice on how to manage diabetes in individuals with lived experience of homelessness.
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Jermini-Gianinazzi, Ilaria, Manuel Blum, Maria Trachsel, Maurizio Alen Trippolini, Nicole Tochtermann, Caroline Rimensberger, Fabian Dominik Liechti, and Maria M. Wertli. "Management of acute non-specific low back pain in the emergency department: do emergency physicians follow the guidelines? Results of a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 13, no. 8 (August 2023): e071893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071893.

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ObjectivesClinical guidelines for acute non-specific low back pain (LBP) recommend avoiding imaging studies or invasive treatments and to advise patients to stay active. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of acute non-specific LBP in the emergency departments (ED).SettingWe invited all department chiefs of Swiss EDs and their physician staff to participate in a web-based survey using two clinical case vignettes of patients with acute non-specific LBP presenting to an ED. In both cases, no neurological deficits or red flags were present. Guideline adherence and low-value care was defined based on current guideline recommendations.ResultsIn total, 263 ED physicians completed at least one vignette, while 212 completed both vignettes (43% residents, 32% senior/attending physicians and 24% chief physicians). MRI was considered in 31% in vignette 1 and 65% in vignette 2. For pain management, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and metamizole were mostly used. A substantial proportion of ED physicians considered treatments with questionable benefit and/or increased risk for adverse events such as oral steroids (vignette 1, 12% and vignette 2, 19%), muscle relaxants (33% and 38%), long-acting strong opioids (25% and 33%) and spinal injections (22% and 43%). Although guidelines recommend staying active, 72% and 67% of ED physicians recommended activity restrictions.ConclusionManagement of acute non-specific LBP in the ED was not in agreement with current guideline recommendations in a substantial proportion of ED physicians. Overuse of imaging studies, the use of long-acting opioids and muscle relaxants, as well as recommendations for activity and work restrictions were prevalent and may potentially be harmful.
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Bijleveld*, Catrien, Margareta Blazevic, Esther Van Voorst, Arno Akkermans, Coralie Niggeler, Michal Fisher, Tessa Huizing, et al. "APOLOGY AFTER MEDICAL ERRORS: A QUALITATIVE VIGNETTE STUDY." Amsterdam Law Forum 15, no. 2 (May 13, 2023): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37974/alf.475.

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Background Studies that have investigated the impact of apologies and admission of responsibility for medical errors have been mostly observational, which makes it hard to attach a causal effect to admission of responsibility and apologies. Secondly, the vast majority of research on the settlement of medical malpractice cases has been conducted in the US, that has its own, particular litigation laws and culture. In this multi-jurisdictional study, we investigate the impact of apology and admission of responsibility on preferred resolution and compensation of medical malpractice claims. Methods Employing a vignette design, we examine, among a sample of 327 respondents from different countries, whether admission and apology by the doctor impacts respondents' preference for resolution through a civil court case, mediation or a disciplinary board, as well as preferred damages for pain and suffering. Results Admission and apology by the physician in the vignette did not impact respondents' preference for settlement through a civil court case or mediation, nor did it impact the amount that respondents found suitable as compensation for pains and damages. Thematic analysis of open answers reveals that the impact of admission and apology is different for the three resolution modes, and often contextual and conditional. Conclusion Future (vignette) studies should investigate whether different cases of medical malpractice yield similar results, and whether more knowledgeable or experienced respondents (such as lawyers) would have different preferences and arguments.
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Villar, Feliciano, Josep Fabà, Rodrigo Serrat, Montserrat Celdrán, and Teresa Martínez. "Sexual harassment from older residents at long-term care facilities: is it really part of the job?" International Psychogeriatrics 32, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219001431.

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ABSTRACTObjectives:To explore the extent to which staff members in long-term care facilities (LTCF) have experienced situations of sexual harassment, how they commonly and ideally manage the situation, and how their work position influences their responses.Design:Cross-sectional quantitative study, using the vignette technique.Method:A total of 2,196 staff-members who were currently working in Spanish LTCF participated in the study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Questions regarding sexual harassment were analysed by a vignette that described a case of sexual harassment. Participants had to choose common and best practices for dealing with the case, and report the frequency with which they had experienced similar situations.Results:The results indicate that 29.9% of participants had experienced an episode of sexual harassment in a LTCF similar to the one presented in the vignette. Responses to the situation were diverse and there were significant differences between common and perceived best practices. Differences were also found depending on the work position of the participant (manager, technical staff or nursing assistant).Conclusions:There is a need for a fuller recognition of the sexual needs of older people. However, the presence of inappropriate sexual behavior must also be acknowledged. The right of staff to work in an environment free of harassment must be respected. The need for explicit institutional guidelines and training opportunities is discussed.
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Ranjan Dube, Anish, and Adrian Jacques Ambrose. "53.2 Addressing Cyberbullying in THE Clinic Illustrated Through a Case Vignette." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 61, no. 10 (October 2022): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.300.

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Daigle, Kelly, Stephanie Harshman, Jaclyn Quinlan, and Meaghan Alexander. "A Case Study Vignette for a Pediatric Patient With Eosinophilic Esophagitis." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab047_007.

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Abstract Objectives Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory, immune/antigen-mediated condition of the esophagus. It is common in pediatric patients and can lead to several complications such as esophageal remodeling/fibrosis, growth stunting, and low bone mineral density. Nutrition interventions, such as elimination or elemental diets, are the first therapeutic tool for EoE management along with pharmacological interventions. Methods KS is a 20 month-old female whose weight-for-length has fallen above the 55th percentile since birth. She has a history of gastroesophageal reflux, dysphagia, and aspiration requiring thickened liquids for almost 2 years. During infancy she tolerated milk based thickened formula and transitioned to 1% milk at 1 year. She was diagnosed with EoE during a triple endoscope for laryngeal cleft repair. The pathology revealed rings and furrows in the mid/distal esophagus, and &gt; 20 eosinophils per high powered field (HPF) in distal, mid, and proximal esophagus with evidence of subepithelial fibrosis. At that time she had no dietary restrictions or use of antacids. Since cleft repair, dysphagia improved and she started on a dairy free diet for EoE. However, she experienced an adverse reaction to dairy free nut-based cheese with subsequent positive radioallergosorbent testing to tree nuts. Follow-up endoscopy improved on an 8-week dairy and tree nut free diet, but eosinophils persisted in proximal esophagus with evidence of basal cell hyperplasia. Results The patient was able to make important strides towards remission by eliminating suspected trigger foods, with diagnosis and intervention initiation before signs of inadequate growth or nutrition. Conclusions Nutrition interventions are often imperative to achieve remission of EoE. There are potential nutrition related concerns including increased risk of nutrient deficiencies, inadequate growth, and poor quality of life as the patient follows an elimination/elemental diet. EoE should become a consideration when feeding or swallowing difficulties arise, especially in pediatric patients. Proper diagnosis, tailored interventions, and appropriate monitoring and evaluation with the help of a multidisciplinary team can lead to successful management. Funding Sources N/A.
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Kelly, B., H. Heneghan, P. Carroll, and E. McDermott. "A complicated case of splenic injury after colonoscopy - a video vignette." Colorectal Disease 18, no. 9 (September 2016): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/codi.13469.

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Attard, A., G. Ranjith, and D. Taylor. "Alternative routes to oral antidepressant therapy: case vignette and literature review." Journal of Psychopharmacology 24, no. 4 (March 5, 2009): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881109102545.

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Maryono, Maryono, Akbar Sutawidjaja, Subanji Subanji, and Santi Irawati. "Implementation of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Mathematics Teachers in Teaching Practice: A Case Study." International Education Studies 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n3p11.

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This study aims to describe the implementation of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of mathematics teachers in the teaching practice of the material system of linear equations of two variables (SLETV). The approach used is a qualitative case study. The main instrument is the researchers themselves and the supporting instruments is a vignette sheet, sheet Content Representation (CoRe), and video tape recorders (Handycam). Research procedure includes providing vignette sheets and sheets of CoRe, making instructional videos and conducting the interview. Data were analyzed using frameworks Karahasan. The results showed that the subject 1 (S1) found that the implementation of the PCK S1 when teaching increased from PCK S1 prior to the implementation of the teaching practice, while the subject 2 (S2) found that the implementation of the PCK S2 upon teaching declined from PCK S2 prior to the implementation of the teaching practice.
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Stein, Dorit T., Nikkil Sudharsanan, Shita Dewi, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Firman Witoelar, and Pascal Geldsetzer. "Change in clinical knowledge of diabetes among primary healthcare providers in Indonesia: repeated cross-sectional survey of 5105 primary healthcare facilities." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (October 2020): e001415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001415.

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IntroductionIndonesia is experiencing a rapid rise in the number of people with diabetes. There is limited evidence on how well primary care providers are equipped to deal with this growing epidemic. This study aimed to determine the level of primary healthcare providers’ knowledge of diabetes, change in knowledge from 2007 to 2014/2015 and the extent to which changes in the diabetes workforce composition, geographical distribution of providers, and provider characteristics explained the change in diabetes knowledge.Research design and methodsIn 2007 and 2014/2015, a random sample of public and private primary healthcare providers who reported providing diabetes care across 13 provinces in Indonesia completed a diabetes clinical case vignette. A provider’s diabetes vignette score represents the percentage of all correct clinical actions for a hypothetical diabetes patient that were spontaneously mentioned by the provider. We used standardization and fixed-effects linear regression models to determine the extent to which changes in diabetes workforce composition, geographical distribution of providers, and provider characteristics explained any change in diabetes knowledge between survey rounds, and how knowledge varied among provinces.ResultsThe mean unadjusted vignette score decreased from 37.1% (95% CI 36.4% to 37.9%) in 2007 to 29.1% (95% CI 28.4% to 29.8%, p<0.001) in 2014/2015. Vignette scores were, on average, 6.9 (95% CI −8.2 to 5.6, p<0.001) percentage points lower in 2014/2015 than in 2007 after adjusting for provider cadre, geographical distribution, and provider experience and training. Physicians and providers with postgraduate diabetes training had the highest vignette scores.ConclusionsDiabetes knowledge among primary healthcare providers in Indonesia decreased, from an already low level, between 2007 and 2014/2015. Policies that improve preservice training, particularly at newer schools, and investment in on-the-job training in diabetes might halt and reverse the decline in diabetes knowledge among Indonesia’s primary healthcare workforce.
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Beauverd, M., M. Bernard, T. Currat, S. Ducret, R. A. Foley, G. D. Borasio, D. Blondeau, and S. Dumont. "French Swiss physicians' attitude toward palliative sedation: Influence of prognosis and type of suffering." Palliative and Supportive Care 12, no. 5 (June 17, 2013): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951513000278.

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AbstractObjective:Palliative sedation is a last resort medical act aimed at relieving intolerable suffering induced by intractable symptoms in patients at the end-of-life. This act is generally accepted as being medically indicated under certain circumstances. A controversy remains in the literature as to its ethical validity. There is a certain vagueness in the literature regarding the legitimacy of palliative sedation in cases of non-physical refractory symptoms, especially “existential suffering.” This pilot study aims to measure the influence of two independent variables (short/long prognosis and physical/existential suffering) on the physicians' attitudes toward palliative sedation (dependent variable).Methods:We used a 2 × 2 experimental design as described by Blondeau et al. Four clinical vignettes were developed (vignette 1: short prognosis/existential suffering; vignette 2: long prognosis/existential suffering; vignette 3: short prognosis/physical suffering; vignette 4: long prognosis/physical suffering). Each vignette presented a terminally ill patient with a summary description of his physical and psychological condition, medication, and family situation. The respondents' attitude towards sedation was assessed with a six-point Likert scale. A total of 240 vignettes were sent to selected Swiss physicians.Results:74 vignettes were completed (36%). The means scores for attitudes were 2.62 ± 2.06 (v1), 1.88 ± 1.54 (v2), 4.54 ± 1.67 (v3), and 4.75 ± 1.71 (v4). General linear model analyses indicated that only the type of suffering had a significant impact on the attitude towards sedation (F = 33.92, df = 1, p = 0.000).Significance of the results:The French Swiss physicians' attitude toward palliative sedation is more favorable in case of physical suffering than in existential suffering. These results are in line with those found in the study of Blondeau et al. with Canadian physicians and will be discussed in light of the arguments given by physicians to explain their decisions.
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Morstyn, Ron. "Clomipramine in Obsessional Disorders: A Cautionary Tale." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 2 (June 1988): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678809158959.

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The author examines some dilemmas raised by the increasing use of clomipramine in the treatment of obsessional disorders. He presents a case vignette to illustrate some diagnostic, therapeutic and ethical concerns and suggests that by asking certain questions, pitfalls can be avoided.
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Thombs, Jasmine. "Red Eyes." Attachment: New Directions in Psychotherapy and Relational Psychoanalysis 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/att.v11n3.2017.290.

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This vignette illustrates how an individual with a complex pathology can present with a sight-threatening condition that appears to resist medical treatment in some measure if the psychological component is ignored. The case exemplifies the way in which therapeutic intervention can help in the recovery from a sightthreatening condition and from the underlying trauma associated with it. It is recognised that people affected by sight-threatening conditions will understandably experience very strong and at times overwhelming feelings related to grief and loss. In this case, the possibility of sight loss created a severe reaction of panic and confusion, and disrupted cognitive functions. These problems were often compounded by symptoms including anger, disassociation, apathy, and depression. This vignette showed how Bowlby's concepts of attachment and loss, and maternal deprivation, helped in the therapeutic alliance. The understanding of the client's internal working model was fundamental to the ongoing therapeutic process that allowed her to heal.
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