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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Case control design

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Academic literature on the topic 'Case control design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Case control design"

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POLIVKA, BARBARA J., and JENNIE T. NICKEL. "Case-Control Design." Nursing Research 41, no. 4 (July 1992): 250???254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199207000-00013.

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Fletcher, Astrid E. "Case-Control Design: Making the Case." American Journal of Ophthalmology 149, no. 4 (April 2010): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2009.08.019.

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Støer, NC, A. Salim, K. Bokenberger, I. Karlsson, and M. Reilly. "Is the matched extreme case–control design more powerful than the nested case–control design?" Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 6 (June 21, 2018): 1911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218778624.

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For time-to-event data, the study sample is commonly selected using the nested case–control design in which controls are selected at the event time of each case. An alternative sampling strategy is to sample all controls at the same (pre-specified) time, which can either be at the last event time or further out in time. Such controls are the long-term survivors and may therefore constitute a more ‘extreme’ comparison group and be more informative than controls from the nested case–control design. We investigate this potential information gain by comparing the power of various ‘extreme’ case–control designs with that of the nested case–control design using simulation studies. We derive an expression for the theoretical average information in a nested and extreme case–control pair for the situation of a single binary exposure. Comparisons reveal that the efficiency of the extreme case–control design increases when the controls are sampled further out in time. In an application to a study of dementia, we identified Apolipoprotein E as a risk factor using a 1:1 extreme case–control design, which provided a hazard ratio estimate with a smaller standard error than that of a 2:1 nested case–control design.

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Bangdiwala, Shrikant I. "Basic epidemiology research designs II: case-control design." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 26, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2019.1591663.

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Suissa, Samy. "THE CASE-TIME-CONTROL DESIGN." Epidemiology 6, no. 3 (May 1995): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199505000-00010.

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Suissa, Samy. "The Case-Time-Control Design." Epidemiology 9, no. 4 (July 1998): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199807000-00016.

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Salton, Aurélio T., Zhiyong Chen, and Minyue Fu. "Improved Servomechanism Control Design – Nonswitching Case." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 8614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.00453.

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Wacholder, Sholom. "Design issues in case-control studies." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 4, no. 4 (December 1995): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096228029500400403.

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Levin, Kate Ann. "Study design V. Case–control studies." Evidence-Based Dentistry 7, no. 3 (September 2006): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400436.

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Pfeiffer, Ruth M., and Nilanjan Chatterjee. "On a Supplemented Case-Control Design." Biometrics 61, no. 2 (June 2005): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00319.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Case control design"

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Zhang, Han. "Information Driven Control Design: A Case for PMSM Control." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1515408555890069.

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鄧國樑 and Kwok-Leung Tang. "Urban design control: case study in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980491.

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Tang, Kwok-Leung. "Urban design control : case study in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25799411.

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Peterson, Lloyd G. "Lean/flow design event a manufacturing cost reduction case study /." Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004petersonl.pdf.

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Zammit, A. "Urban design quality through development control : the case of Malta." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1390793/.

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Taking the island of Malta as a case study, this research questions the role of development control in delivering urban design quality. Authors have acknowledged the significance of this relationship. However, few studies have tried to assess both sides of the story, focusing instead on the study of either the planning process or final design outcome in isolation. These studies have also generally tended to rely exclusively on either qualitative or quantitative research methods. The Maltese plan‐led discretionary planning system is experiencing interesting times. Recent documents produced by the Kamra tal‐Periti, the Chamber of Architects and Civil Engineers, together with central Government’s National Environment Policy, point to the need for an informed debate on urban design quality in the built environment. Central Government also initiated a planning reform in 2010, which to date has remained focused on the reform of planning procedures within the Malta Environment and Planning Authority, rather than on quality targets. These are also challenging times. The intense residential development that characterised the past decades occurred at the expense of broader qualitative considerations. Its consequences have been compounded by the restrictive spirit of current policy tools, their inadequacy in addressing urban design issues, and the approach of officers and decision‐makers in their regard. It is thus the optimal time to study the Maltese planning system. This research explores the multifarious debates surrounding development control, urban design quality and the Maltese planning context. Using a mixed four-stage methodology comprising both quantitative and qualitative research tools, it subsequently develops ‘process’- and ‘product’-related analytical frameworks that respectively assess key themes within the planning process and the quality of urban design outcome on the ground. At the concluding stage, the research draws these frameworks together to determine their possible relationship and provide recommendations to stimulate a rethinking of planning practice.

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Hein, Misty. "Occupational Cohort Studies and the Nested Case-Control Study Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250795434.

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Keogh, Ruth Heather. "Several aspects of the design and analysis of case-control studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442567.

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Loizides, Charalambos. "Extensions of the case-control design in genome-wide association studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89e057e5-d30f-4125-b210-14d1f2aa37c1.

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The case-control design is one of the most commonly used designs in genome- wide asociation studies. When we increase the sample size of either the controls or, more importantly, the cases, the power of whatever test we use will certainly increase. However increasing the sample size, means that addi- tional individuals need to be genotyped and this implies extra financial costs. However, nowadays with the emergence of genetic studies, a large number of genetic data are available at low or no extra cost. Even though those data may not be completely relevant to the current study, they can still be used to increase the probability to identify true associations. Furthermore, additional information, non-necessarily genetic, can also be used to improve the power of a method. In this thesis we extend the case-control design in order to take ad- vantage of such types of additional data and/or information. We discuss three designs; the case-cohort-control, the kin-cohort and the super-case– case–control–super-control designs. For each of these, we present methods that are adjusted or modified versions of standard case-control methods but we also propose novel ones developed with those extended designs in mind. Ultimately, we describe how those methods can be used in order to increase the power of association tests, especially compared to similar methods of the case-control design.

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Kara, Mohamed Mohamed. "Design and control of UAV systems : a tri-rotor UAV case study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-and-control-of-uav-systems-a-trirotor-uav-case-study(2b492c93-6b35-4317-ba6d-4c5e805d38fd).html.

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The field of UAV systems is an active research area with potential for development and enhancement in various perspectives. This thesis investigates different issues related to the design, operation and control of UAV systems with a focus on the application side of each proposed solution where the implementation side and applicability of the proposed solutions are always considered with high priority. The thesis discusses unmodeled actuator dynamics and their effect on UAV systems when using feedback linearisation to linearize nonlinear models of UAVs. The analysis shows potential risk when implementing feedback linearisation and neglecting actuator dynamics even for first order actuator system. A solution algorithm of two stage feedback linearisation is proposed to handle actuator dynamics and linearize the main dynamics of the system. In the field of design and operation of UAVs, this thesis proposes a systematic design procedure for electric propulsion systems that are widely used in UAVs. The design procedure guides the designer step by step to achieve minimum propulsion system weight or maximum flight time or a trade off between the two factors from the supplied solution sets. On the navigation side, the thesis proposes a new indoor navigation system that is easy to implement and less costly compared with other indoor navigation systems. The proposed system can be classified under computer-vision based navigation systems, however, it needs less information and less computational capacity. The thesis also contributes to the structure design of UAV systems by producing a novel tri-rotor UAV platform. The proposed UAV is novel in structure and design and has a centralized control system that stabilizes and tracks both rotational and transitional motion of the vehicle simultaneously.

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Hernandez, Ivan Adolfo Valdovinos. "The Role of Subsidiaries in Control System Design : A Case Based Analysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508824.

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Books on the topic "Case control design"

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Armenian, Haroutune K. The case-control method: Design and applications. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Design control: Towards a new approach. Oxford: Butterworth Architecture, 1996.

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Competitive innovation and improvement: Statistical design and control. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Rohin, Mhatre, ed. Quality by design for biopharmaceuticals: Principles and case studies. Hoboken: Wiley, 2009.

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Perry, Randy C. The business case for design for Six Sigma. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2006.

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Robust design: Repertoire of biological, ecological, and engineering case studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Murphy, James Padraig. Strategic control systems design development and implementation: A case study. Dublin: University College Dublin, Graduate School of Business, 1998.

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Jen, Erica. Robust design: Repertoire of biological, ecological, and engineering case studies. Edited by Jen Erica. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Cheng, Shulin. Nonparametric analysis of data obtained under case-cohort design. [New York]: [Columbia University], 1993.

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Finch, Byron J. Planning and control system design: Principles and cases for process manufacturers. Falls Church, Va: American Production and Inventory Control Society, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Case control design"

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Hyde, Richard Alden. "A Multivariable Design Case Study." In H∞ Aerospace Control Design, 19–35. London: Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3049-9_3.

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Phadke, Madhav S. "Design Optimization Case Studies." In Quality Control, Robust Design, and the Taguchi Method, 187–212. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1472-1_10.

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Manabe, Shunji, and Young Chol Kim. "Advanced Controller Design: Case Studies." In Coefficient Diagram Method for Control System Design, 133–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0546-8_4.

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Robinett, Rush D., and David G. Wilson. "Case Study #1: Control Design Issues." In Understanding Complex Systems, 127–60. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-823-2_6.

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Jesdinsky, H. J. "The Design of Case-Control Studies." In Epidemiological Concepts in Clinical Pharmacology, 34–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71043-8_5.

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Brown, Hawkins. "CASE STUDY: Research by Design: The Gantry." In Intelligent Control: Disruptive Technologies, 108–13. London: RIBA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212751-12.

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Li, Angui, and Risto Kosonen. "Case Study and Design of Kitchen Ventilation." In Kitchen Pollutants Control and Ventilation, 375–407. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6496-9_9.

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Atkinson, Chris. "Stability and Control." In Fundamentals of Aircraft and Airship Design: Volume 2—Airship Design and Case Studies, 273–304. Blacksburg, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868986.0273.0304.

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Partington, Jonathan R. "Input design for worst-case identification." In Open Problems in Mathematical Systems and Control Theory, 163–66. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0807-8_33.

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Robinett, Rush D., and David G. Wilson. "Case Study #6: Robotic Manipulator Control Design." In Understanding Complex Systems, 245–58. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-823-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Case control design"

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Liu, Zhili, Xingcheng Huang, Shuwang Du, and Mingxuan Sun. "A New Sensorless Design for PMLSM Servo Control System." In 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, CASE 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2009.127.

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Dowell, J. "Generative case structure for training scenarios." In People in Control. Human Factors in Control Room Design. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20010452.

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Shi, Yanping, and Yifei Shi. "Design of a New Magnetoelastic Stress Sensor." In 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, CASE 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2009.124.

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Yu, Ying, and Ziran Zhang. "Contemporary Social Design Principles in HCI Design." In 2011 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccase.2011.5997675.

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Nunna, Kameswarie, Nicolas Gautier, Sebastian Malack, and Mischa Kim. "Model-based design for rapid controller prototyping of Furuta pendulum: A case study using low-cost hardware." In 2016 UKACC 11th International Conference on Control (CONTROL). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/control.2016.7737641.

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Chuang, Li. "Information System Design of Finance Sale Management of SME." In 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, CASE 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2009.48.

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Xiangru, Meng, and Song Wei. "Network Design Based on Closed-Loop Reverse Logistics Recycling." In 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, CASE 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2009.11.

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Fang, Anan, Maojin Wang, and Liping Luo. "ZigBee-Based Intelligent Home Bus Ethernet Transmission Software Design." In 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, CASE 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2009.27.

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Park, C. H., S. K. Choi, and S. Y. Ham. "Design and control for hybrid magnetic thrust bearing for turbo refrigerant compressor." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2011.6042409.

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Jiangyi, Du, and Niu Yan. "The Design and Implementation of Multifunction Probe Based on SNMP." In 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering, CASE 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case.2009.91.

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Reports on the topic "Case control design"

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Mwebe, Robert, Chester Kalinda, Ekwaro A. Obuku, Eve Namisango, Alison A. Kinengyere, Moses Ocan, Ann Nanteza, Savino Biryomumaisho, and Lawrence Mugisha. Epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions for Foot and Mouth Disease in Africa: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0039.

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Review question / Objective: What is the epidemiology and effectiveness of control measures for foot and mouth disease in African countries?’ PICOS: Description of elements Population/ problem/Setting: Artiodactyla (cloven ungulates), domestic (cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs), camels and wildlife (buffaloes, deer, antelope, wild pigs, elephant, giraffe, and camelids) affected by Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) or Hoof and Mouth Disease (HMD) caused by the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in Africa. Intervention: Prevention measures: vaccination, ‘biosafety and biosecurity’, sensitization of the public. Control measures: quarantine, movement control, closure of markets and stock routes, mouth swabbing of animals with infected materials (old technique that is no long applicable), culling, mass slaughter, stamping out and any other interventions or control measures generally accepted by the ‘community of practice’ of animal health practitioners. Comparator: areas that did not have any control activities for FMD, in head-to-head comparisons in the same study. Outcome: epidemiological outcomes: incidence, prevalence, patterns or trends, clinical symptoms, and risk factors. Effectiveness outcomes: success, and usefulness of the interventions measured as averted deaths, illness and infections, and costs associated with the interventions (cost–effectiveness). Study design: epidemiological designs include cohort design for incidence, cross sectional for prevalence and case-control for clinical symptoms and risk factors. Interventional designs include randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized trials, quasi-experimental designs – controlled before and after, interrupted time series, [regression discontinuity design, difference-in-difference, and propensity score matching]. Timelines: 1900 – 2022.

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Wenren, Yonghu, Joon Lim, Luke Allen, Robert Haehnel, and Ian Dettwiler. Helicopter rotor blade planform optimization using parametric design and multi-objective genetic algorithm. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46261.

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In this paper, an automated framework is presented to perform helicopter rotor blade planform optimization. This framework contains three elements, Dakota, ParBlade, and RCAS. These elements are integrated into an environment control tool, Galaxy Simulation Builder, which is used to carry out the optimization. The main objective of this work is to conduct rotor performance design optimizations for forward flight and hover. The blade design variables manipulated by ParBlade are twist, sweep, and anhedral. The multi-objective genetic algorithm method is used in this study to search for the optimum blade design; the optimization objective is to minimize the rotor power required. Following design parameter substitution, ParBlade generates the modified blade shape and updates the rotor blade properties in the RCAS script before running RCAS. After the RCAS simulations are complete, the desired performance metrics (objectives and constraints) are extracted and returned to the Dakota optimizer. Demonstrative optimization case studies were conducted using a UH-60A main rotor as the base case. Rotor power in hover and forward flight, at advance ratio 𝜇𝜇 = 0.3, are used as objective functions. The results of this study show improvement in rotor power of 6.13% and 8.52% in hover and an advance ratio of 0.3, respectively. This configuration also yields greater reductions in rotor power for high advance ratios, e.g., 12.42% reduction at 𝜇𝜇 = 0.4.

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Patel, Yusef. File to Factory: A case study of automated prefabrication house-building methods for small-to-medium enterprises. Unitec ePress, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.0823.

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The Eco-Digital Fabrication (EDFAB) research project aimed to investigate how automated prefabrication technologies and off-the-shelf construction products can be employed to disrupt building industry norms. The aim of this research – conducted at the University of Auckland and Unitec Institute of Technology from 2014 onward – was to provide small-to-medium enterprises in the construction industry with a pathway to upskill and increase construction productivity through the use of these processes. The availability of automated machines and easy-to-use fabrication software is increasing dramatically and this can be paired with readily available construction products to produce novel mass-customised housing solutions. The application of basic automated technologies – such as CNC (Computer Numerical Control) routers – allowed researchers to create ‘recipes’ that can be adopted and adapted relatively easily. By no means did the research favour digital manufacture or assembly processes over traditional analogue construction techniques – the goal was to provide logical, productive and accessible blended solutions for greater affordability and flexibility in design. For example, the designed experiments were required to be built from readily available products, and used simple readymade screw fixings rather than digitally produced custom fixings or joining mechanisms. The research project aimed to generate discussion and provide recommendations on how the construction industry might support the adoption of automated prefabrication technology in small-to-medium enterprise (SME).

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Camenzind, Lauren, Molly Kafader, Rachel Schwam, Mikayla Taylor, Zoie Wilkes, and Madison Williams. Space Retrieval Training for Memory Enhancement in Adults with Dementia. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0013.

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The final portfolio contains 8 research articles from national and international journals. Study designs include one systematic review, one randomized control trial with pretest-posttest design, three small-scale randomized control trials, one quasi-experimental study with no control, one time-series study, and one case study. All studies relate directly to components of the evidence-based practice question and will be used to draft new recommendations for implementation regarding spaced retrieval training for memory enhancement in adults with dementia. Seven out of the eight articles looked at the effects of SR techniques on functional tasks. Articles looked at eating difficulty (1), independent use of walkers (1), iADL function (3), use of technology (1), and ADL function (1). One out of eight articles looked at benefits of spaced retrieval techniques on episodic memory, which is not necessarily a functional task, but is needed to perform functional tasks.

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Kang, Jing, Jun Zhang, Zongsheng Tian, Ye Xu, Jiangbi Li, and Mingxina Li. The efficacy and safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0156.

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Review question / Objective: Population: histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC patients; Intervention: received immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy; Comparison:received chemotherapy; Outcome: reported OS, PFS, ORR and TRAEs; Study design: RCT. Condition being studied: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, with an estimated 2.20 million new cases and 1.79 million deaths every year, and 85% of all primary lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer. Eligibility criteria: Studies were considered eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) being an randomized controlled trial published in English, (2) histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC patients, (3) reported OS, PFS, ORR and TRAEs, (4) the intervention group received immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy, while the control group received chemotherapy, (5) When numerous papers reporting the same trial were found, the most current or most complete publications were chosen. The following were the exclusion criteria: (1) duplicate articles, (2) reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, editorials and letters, (3) molecular biology or animal research, (4) retrospective or prospective observational cohort studies.

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Brewer, Joseph, Massimo Capoccia, Dirk Maybauer, Roberto Lorusso, Justyna Swol, and Marc Maybauer. The ProtekDuo Dual Lumen Cannula as Temporary Acute Mechanical Support for Right Heart Failure: A Protocol for a Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0026.

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Review question / Objective: Participants: Adult patients with right ventricular failure; Intervention: Right ventricular assist device with ProtekDuo cannula; Comparison: Control group of medical management or another type of RVAD (if available); Outcomes: Effectiveness of treatment in terms of survival and complications; Study design: Randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies, case series with >/=5 patientsProspective and retrospective cohort studies, case series of >/= 5 patients. Condition being studied: Right ventricular failure. Information sources: Databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus.

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Chmielewska, Daria, Jitka Malá, Alena Kobesova, Agnieszka Opala-Berdzik, Magdalena Nocuń, Michał Kuszewski, Patrycja Dolibog, Paweł Dolibog, and Magdalena Stania. Dry needling for physical therapy of scar. A protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0058.

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Review question / Objective: The research question was defined according to the PICOS criteria: P - participants of any age with a scar / keloid / hypertrophic scar. I - interventions: local management with needling, dry needling, acupuncture or combination of local needling / dry needling / acupuncture with distal acupuncture. C - comparator: local intervention (physical therapy) aimed at scar, keloid or hypertrophic scar treatment or no treatment. O - objectives: changes in pain associated with scar, keloid or hypertrophic scar. Pigmentation, vascularity, height / thickness, pliability / plasticity, itchiness of the scar area. S - study design: The articles were included based on the following inclusion criteria: full text articles in English, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, case reports, case-series, case control studies.

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Zhu, Yi-Bing, Yan Yao, Yuan Xu, and Hui-Bin Huang. Nitrogen balance and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0134.

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Review question / Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Nitrogen balance (NB) on prognosis in such a patient population. Condition being studied: Nitrogen balance and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients. Eligibility criteria: 1) The study focused on the association between NB level and the mortality risk in adult (≥18 years old) patients; 2) The outcome data included any reporting form of survival data that could be extracted; and 3) The study design was limited to cohort, case-control, or RCT design.

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Bhushan, Sandeep, Huang Xin, and Xiao Zongwei. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing liver surgery: what we might know from a meta-analysis of Randomized control trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0094.

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Condition being studied: ESPB as an emerging regional technique has been well established in many surgeries, including reduce opioid demands, decrease pain score and improver sleep quality, etc. But, apply ESPB in liver surgery is limiting and remains uncertain, it is time to conduct one meta-analysis to reveal the performance of ESPB in liver surgery. Eligibility criteria: All published full-article RCTs comparing the analgesic efficacy of ESPB with control in adult patients undergoing any liver surgeries were eligible for inclusion. There were no language restrictions, Moreover, we also excluded case reports, non-RCT studies, incomplete clinical trials, and any trials used multiple nerve blocks. We also excluded any conference abstracts which could not offer enough information about the study design, or by data request to the author.

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Carvalho, Rita, João Tavares, and Liliana Sousa. Instruments for assessing loneliness in older people in Portugal: a Scoping Review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0002.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the instruments validate for the Portuguese older population (65+ years old) that assess loneliness; and to identify their psychometric properties and contexts where they have been in use. The questions for this scoping review are: What are the validated instruments for Portugal that assess loneliness in the older individuals? What are the psychometric properties of those instruments? In which contexts were the loneliness assessment instruments used? Eligibility criteria: Participants – This scoping review will consider all studies that included older adults with 65 years and over. Concept – This review will be included studies that assess loneliness or cover loneliness by validated instruments that address different dimensions, including, but not limited to, emotional or social. Context – This scoping review will consider studies that used validated instruments the loneliness in Portuguese older adults including, but not limited to the context of community, intermediate care, long-term care or acute care. Types of sources - This scoping review will consider quantitative and mixed-method studies. In the quantitative designs include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and analytical observational studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and analytical cross-sectional studies will be considered for inclusion. This review will also consider descriptive observational study designs including case series, individual case reports, and descriptive cross-sectional studies for inclusion.

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