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Journal articles on the topic 'Cascade dynamics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Klose, Ann Kristin, Nico Wunderling, Ricarda Winkelmann, and Jonathan F. Donges. "What do we mean, ‘tipping cascade’?" Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3955.

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Abstract Based on suggested interactions of potential tipping elements in the Earth’s climate and in ecological systems, tipping cascades as possible dynamics are increasingly discussed and studied. The activation of such tipping cascades would impose a considerable risk for human societies and biosphere integrity. However, there are ambiguities in the description of tipping cascades within the literature so far. Here we illustrate how different patterns of multiple tipping dynamics emerge from a very simple coupling of two previously studied idealized tipping elements. In particular, we distinguish between a two phase cascade, a domino cascade and a joint cascade. A mitigation of an unfolding two phase cascade may be possible and common early warning indicators are sensitive to upcoming critical transitions to a certain degree. In contrast, a domino cascade may hardly be stopped once initiated and critical slowing down-based indicators fail to indicate tipping of the following element. These different potentials for intervention and anticipation across the distinct patterns of multiple tipping dynamics should be seen as a call to be more precise in future analyses of cascading dynamics arising from tipping element interactions in the Earth system.

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2

Takahashi, Akiyuki, Kotoko Hirose, Naoki Soneda, and Masanori Kikuchi. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Displacement Cascade in α-Zr." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.923.

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In this work, the point defect production in α-Zr at 600K by displacement cascade with Primary Knock-on Atom (PKA) energy up to 20KeV has been investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Especially, the influence of subcascades formation on the point defect and cluster production in 20keV cascades has been investigated in detail. The subcascade formation was seen in 36 cases of 20keV cascade simulations out of 50 cases. As the damaged areas are divided into many small areas, the maximum size of point defect cluster tends to decrease when the displacement cascade is settled. On the other hand, subcascades formation has not had an influence on the number of Frenkel pairs in final state of the 20keV cascades comparatively.

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3

Lee, Y. T., T. W. Bein, J. Feng, and C. L. Merkle. "Unsteady Rotor Dynamics in Cascade." Journal of Turbomachinery 115, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929221.

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A time-accurate potential-flow calculation method has been developed for unsteady incompressible flows through two-dimensional multi-blade-row linear cascades. The method represents the boundary surfaces by distributing piecewise linear-vortex and constant-source singularities on discrete panels. A local coordinate is assigned to each independently moving object. Blade-shed vorticity is traced at each time step. The unsteady Kutta condition applied is nonlinear and requires zero blade trailing-edge loading at each time. Its influence on the solutions depends on the blade trailing-edge shapes. Steady biplane and cascade solutions are presented and compared to exact solutions and experimental data. Unsteady solutions are validated with the Wagner function for an airfoil moving impulsively from rest and the Theodorsen function for an oscillating airfoil. The shed vortex motion and its interaction with blades are calculated and compared to an analytic solution. For a multi-blade-row cascade, the potential effect between blade rows is predicted using steady and quasi-unsteady calculations. The accuracy of the predictions is demonstrated using experimental results for a one-stage turbine stator-rotor.

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4

GAO, Jinhua, Yue LIU, and Xueqi CHENG. "Decentralized cascade dynamics modeling." SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis 48, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n112018-00081.

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5

Schertzer, D., S. Lovejoy, F. Schmitt, Y. Chigirinskaya, and D. Marsan. "Multifractal Cascade Dynamics and Turbulent Intermittency." Fractals 05, no. 03 (September 1997): 427–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x97000371.

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Turbulent intermittency plays a fundamental role in fields ranging from combustion physics and chemical engineering to meteorology. There is a rather general agreement that multifractals are being very successful at quantifying this intermittency. However, we argue that cascade processes are the appropriate and necessary physical models to achieve dynamical modeling of turbulent intermittency. We first review some recent developments and point out new directions which overcome either completely or partially the limitations of current cascade models which are static, discrete in scale, acausal, purely phenomenological and lacking in universal features. We review the debate about universality classes for multifractal processes. Using both turbulent velocity and temperature data, we show that the latter are very well fitted by the (strong) universality, and that the recent (weak, log-Poisson) alternative is untenable for both strong and weak events. Using a continuous, space-time anisotropic framework, we then show how to produce a causal stochastic model of intermittent fields and use it to study the predictability of these fields. Finally, by returning to the origins of the turbulent "shell models" and restoring a large number of degrees of freedom (the Scaling Gyroscope Cascade, SGC models) we partially close the gap between the cascades and the dynamical Navier–Stokes equations. Furthermore, we point out that beyond a close agreement between universal parameters of the different modeling approaches and the empirical estimates in turbulence, there is a rather common structure involving both a "renormalized viscosity" and a "renormalized forcing". We conclude that this gives credence to the possibility of deriving analytical/renormalized models of intermittency built on this structure.

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6

Farge, Marie, and Robert Sadourny. "Wave-vortex dynamics in rotating shallow water." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 206 (September 1989): 433–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089002351.

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We investigate how two-dimensional turbulence is modified when the incompressibility constraint is removed, by numerically integrating the full Saint-Venant (shallow-water) equations. In the case of small geopotential fluctuations considered here, we find no energy exchange between the inertio-gravitational and the potentio-vortical components of the flow. At small scales, the potentio-vortical component behaves as if the flow were incompressible, while we observe an intense direct energy cascade within the inertio-gravitational component. At large scales, the reverse potentio-vortical energy cascade is reduced when the level of inertio-gravitational energy is high. Looking at the effect of rotation, we find that a fast rotation rate tends to inhibit all three cascades. In particular, the inhibition of the inertio-gravitational energy cascade towards small scales implies that the geostrophic adjustment process is hindered by an increase of rotation. Concerning the structure of the coherent vortices emerging out of these decaying turbulent flows, we observe that the smallest scales are concentrated inside the vortex cores and not on their periphery.

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7

Poletaev, Gennady, Darya Novoselova, Mikhail D. Starostenkov, Vladimir Tsellermaer, and Viktor Kovalenko. "The Study of Inhibition of Atom-Atom Collisions Cascades by Ni-Al (100) Interphase Boundary." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.8.

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The interaction of atom-atom collisions cascades with Ni-Al interphase boundary was studied by the method of molecular dynamics. It was shown that the interphase boundary partially absorbs the cascade energy. The degree of energy absorption of the cascade by the interphase boundary increases with the growth of the structural imperfection of the boundary and density of the misfit dislocations, and also with increase of distance between the boundary and the place of the cascade initiation.

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8

Centola, Damon, Víctor M. Eguíluz, and Michael W. Macy. "Cascade dynamics of complex propagation." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 374, no. 1 (January 2007): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2006.06.018.

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9

Ikeda, Y., T. Hasegawa, and K. Nemoto. "Cascade dynamics on clustered network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 221 (April 1, 2010): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/221/1/012005.

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10

de la Rubia, T. Diaz, R. S. Averback, Horngming Hsieh, and R. Benedek. "Molecular dynamics simulation of displacement cascades in Cu and Ni: Thermal spike behavior." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 3 (June 1989): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.0579.

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Molecular dynamics simulations of energetic displacement cascades in Cu and Ni were performed with primary-knock-on-atom (PKA) energies up to 5 keV. The interatomic forces were represented by the Gibson II (Cu) and the Johnson-Erginsoy (Ni) potentials. Our results indicate that the primary state of damage produced by displacement cascades is controlled basically by two phenomena: replacement collision sequences during the ballistic phase, and melting and resolidification during the thermal spike. The thermal-spike phase is of longer duration and has a more marked effect in Cu than in Ni. Results for atomic mixing, defect production, and defect clustering are presented and compared with experiment. Simulations of “heat spikes” in these metals suggest a model for “cascade collapse” based on the regrowth kinetics of the molten cascade core.

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11

Liao, Yanan, Kai Yang, Hua Wang, and Qingtai Xiao. "An Alternative Approach for Identifying Nonlinear Dynamics of the Cascade Logistic-Cubic System." Mathematics 10, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10122080.

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The 0-1 test for chaos, which is a simple binary method, has been widely used to detect the nonlinear behaviors of the non-cascade chaotic dynamics. In this paper, the validity checks of the 0-1 test for chaos to the popular cascade Logistic-Cubic (L-C) system is conducted through exploring the effects of sensitivity parameters. Results show that the periodic, weak-chaotic, and strong-chaotic states of the cascade L-C system can be effectively identified by the introduced simple method for detecting chaos. Nevertheless, the two sensitivity parameters, including the frequency ω and the amplitude α, are critical for the chaos indicator (i.e., the median of asymptotic growth rate, Km) when the cascade dynamic is detected by the method. It is found that the effect of α is more sensitive than that of ω on Km regarding the three dynamical states of the cascade L-C system. Meanwhile, it is recommended that the three states are identified according to the change of K with α from zero to ten since the periodic and weak-chaotic states cannot be identified when the α is greater than a certain constant. In addition, the modified mean square displacement Dc*(n) fails to distinguish its periodic and weak-chaotic states, whereas it can obviously distinguish the above two and strong-chaotic states. This work is therefore invaluable to gaining insight into the understanding of the complex nonlinearity of other different cascade dynamical systems with indicator comparison.

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12

Crocombette, Jean-Paul. "Cell Molecular Dynamics for Cascade (CMDC): Molecular dynamics simulation of cascades for realistic ion energies." Computational Materials Science 147 (May 2018): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.02.008.

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13

Fritzsche, Stephan, Patrick Palmeri, and Stefan Schippers. "Atomic Cascade Computations." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030520.

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Atomic cascades are ubiquitous in nature and they have been explored within very different scenarios, from precision measurements to the modeling of astrophysical spectra, and up to the radiation damage in biological matter. However, up to the present, a quantitative analysis of these cascades often failed because of their inherent complexity. Apart from utilizing the rotational symmetry of atoms and a proper distinction of different physical schemes, a hierarchy of useful approaches is therefore needed in order to keep cascade computations feasible. We here suggest a classification of atomic cascades and demonstrate how they can be modeled within the framework of the Jena Atomic Calculator. As an example, we shall compute within a configuration-average approach the stepwise decay cascade of atomic magnesium, following a 1s inner-shell ionization, and simulate the corresponding (final) ion distribution. Our classification of physical scenarios (schemes) and the hierarchy of computational approaches are both flexible to further refinements as well as to complex shell structures of the atoms and ions, for which the excitation and decay dynamics need to be modeled in good detail.

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14

Abramov, Aleksei, Igor Zolotovskii, Vladimir Kamynin, Victor Prikhodko, Aleksei Tregubov, Dmitrii Stoliarov, Marina Yavtushenko, and Andrei Fotiadi. "High-Peak Power Frequency Modulation Pulse Generation in Cascaded Fiber Configurations with Inscribed Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays." Photonics 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2021): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8110471.

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We explored the dynamics of frequency-modulated (FM) pulses in a cascaded fiber configuration comprising one active and one passive optical fiber with multiple fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) of different periods inscribed over the fiber configuration length. We present a theoretical formalism to describe the mechanisms of the FM pulse amplification and pulse compression in such fiber cascades resulting in peak powers up to ~0.7 MW. In combination with the decreasing dispersion fibers, the considered cascade configuration enables pico- and sub-picosecond pulse trains with a sub-terahertz repetition rate and sub-kW peak power generated directly from the continuous optical signal.

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15

BABIANO, ARMANDO, and ANTONELLO PROVENZALE. "Coherent vortices and tracer cascades in two-dimensional turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 574 (February 15, 2007): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006004265.

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We study numerically the scale-to-scale transfers of enstrophy and passive-tracer variance in two-dimensional turbulence, and show that these transfers display significant differences in the inertial range of the enstrophy cascade. While passive-tracer variance always cascades towards small scales, enstrophy is characterized by the simultaneous presence of a direct cascade in hyperbolic regions and of an inverse cascade in elliptic regions. The inverse enstrophy cascade is particularly intense in clusters of small-scales elliptic patches and vorticity filaments in the turbulent background, and it is associated with gradient-decreasing processes. The inversion of the enstrophy cascade, already noticed by Ohkitani (Phys. Fluids A, vol. 3, 1991, p. 1598), appears to be the main difference between vorticity and passive-tracer dynamics in incompressible two-dimensional turbulence.

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16

Harrison, P., D. Indjin, V. D. Jovanović, A. Mirčetić, Z. Ikonić, R. W. Kelsall, J. McTavish, I. Savić, N. Vukmirović, and V. Milanović. "Carrier Dynamics in Quantum Cascade Lasers." Acta Physica Polonica A 107, no. 1 (January 2005): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.107.75.

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17

Manna, S. S. "Abelian cascade dynamics in bootstrap percolation." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 261, no. 3-4 (December 1998): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(98)00346-x.

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18

Mangalam, Madhur, I.-Chieh Lee, Karl M. Newell, and Damian G. Kelty-Stephen. "Visual effort moderates postural cascade dynamics." Neuroscience Letters 742 (January 2021): 135511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135511.

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19

de Valcárcel, G. J., E. Roldán, and R. Vilaseca. "Dynamics of a nondegenerate cascade laser." Physical Review A 45, no. 5 (March 1, 1992): R2674—R2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.r2674.

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20

Burghoff, David, Yang Yang, John L. Reno, and Qing Hu. "Dispersion dynamics of quantum cascade lasers." Optica 3, no. 12 (November 14, 2016): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.3.001362.

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21

Abufouda, Mohammed. "Postmortem Analysis of Decayed Online Social Communities: Cascade Pattern Analysis and Prediction." Complexity 2018 (October 9, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3873601.

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Recently, many online social networks, such as MySpace, Orkut, and Friendster, have faced inactivity decay of their members, which contributed to the collapse of these networks. The reasons, mechanics, and prevention mechanisms of such inactivity decay are not fully understood. In this work, we analyze decayed and alive subwebsites from the Stack Exchange platform. The analysis mainly focuses on the inactivity cascades that occur among the members of these communities. We provide measures to understand the decay process and statistical analysis to extract the patterns that accompany the inactivity decay. Additionally, we predict cascade size and cascade virality using machine learning. The results of this work include a statistically significant difference of the decay patterns between the decayed and the alive subwebsites. These patterns are mainly cascade size, cascade virality, cascade duration, and cascade similarity. Additionally, the contributed prediction framework showed satisfactorily prediction results compared to a baseline predictor. Supported by empirical evidence, the main findings of this work are (1) there are significantly different decay patterns in the alive and the decayed subwebsites of the Stack Exchange; (2) the cascade’s node degrees contribute more to the decay process than the cascade’s virality, which indicates that the expert members of the Stack Exchange subwebsites were mainly responsible for the activity or inactivity of the Stack Exchange subwebsites; (3) the Statistics subwebsite is going through decay dynamics that may lead to it becoming fully-decayed; (4) the decay process is not governed by only one network measure, it is better described using multiple measures; (5) decayed subwebsites were originally less resilient to inactivity decay, unlike the alive subwebsites; and (6) network’s structure in the early stages of its evolution dictates the activity/inactivity characteristics of the network.

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22

Ji, Lucheng, Jia Yu, Weiwei Li, and Weilin Yi. "Study on aerodynamic optimal super/transonic turbine cascade and its geometry characteristics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 3 (August 6, 2016): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016638875.

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The shock waves are important phenomena in transonic turbines, which cause lots of negative effects on the aerodynamic performance. Much of attention had been paid on reducing the strength of the shock waves via modifying turbine cascade geometry, and it is highly preferred to build experiences on the relationship between the cascade aerodynamic performance and the geometric parameters. The paper presents a numerical study on the aerodynamic optimal transonic turbine cascade and its geometry characteristics. Three typical Russia transonic turbine cascades with different design conditions are selected and optimized using adjoint method at three different back pressures, respectively. Thus, the best geometry parameters for optimum aerodynamic performance can be found. Then the key geometry parameters of optimized cascades are extracted and compared with the original ones. Results show that even the best designs by hands could be less efficient than ones by computer-aided optimizations. Some experiences on how to set the key geometry parameters for a best performance are obtained. The reduced shock profiling is applied to the thermal turbomachinery and machine dynamics transonic turbine by using the adjoint method. The performance of the thermal turbomachinery and machine dynamics transonic turbine was increased significantly.

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23

Crocombette, Jean-Paul, and Thomas Jourdan. "Cell Molecular Dynamics for Cascades (CMDC): A new tool for cascade simulation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 352 (June 2015): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.12.009.

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24

KNUDSEN, CARSTEN. "TOPOLOGICAL WINDING NUMBERS FOR PERIOD-DOUBLING CASCADES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 06, no. 01 (January 1996): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127496001934.

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We define the topological winding number for unimodal maps that share the essential properties of that of winding numbers for forced oscillators exhibiting period-doubling cascades. It is demonstrated how this number can be computed for any of the periodic orbits in the first period-doubling cascade. The limiting winding number at the accumulation point of the first period-doubling cascade is also derived. It is shown that the limiting value for the winding number ω∞ can be computed as the Farey sum of any two neighbouring topological winding numbers in the period-doubling cascade. The derivations are all based on symbolic dynamics and simple combinatorics.

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25

Pagani, Alessio, Guillem Mosquera, Aseel Alturki, Samuel Johnson, Stephen Jarvis, Alan Wilson, Weisi Guo, and Liz Varga. "Resilience or robustness: identifying topological vulnerabilities in rail networks." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 2 (February 2019): 181301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181301.

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Many critical infrastructure systems have network structures and are under stress. Despite their national importance, the complexity of large-scale transport networks means that we do not fully understand their vulnerabilities to cascade failures. The research conducted through this paper examines the interdependent rail networks in Greater London and surrounding commuter area. We focus on the morning commuter hours, where the system is under the most demand stress. There is increasing evidence that the topological shape of the network plays an important role in dynamic cascades. Here, we examine whether the different topological measures of resilience (stability) or robustness (failure) are more appropriate for understanding poor railway performance. The results show that resilience, not robustness, has a strong correlation with the consumer experience statistics. Our results are a way of describing the complexity of cascade dynamics on networks without the involvement of detailed agent-based models, showing that cascade effects are more responsible for poor performance than failures. The network science analysis hints at pathways towards making the network structure more resilient by reducing feedback loops.

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26

Sell, Anne F. "A trophic cascade with Chaoborus: population dynamics of ex-ephippial generations of Daphnia." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 167, no. 1-4 (October 5, 2006): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0167-0115.

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27

Benini, E., and A. Toffolo. "A parametric method for optimal design of two-dimensional cascades." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 215, no. 4 (June 1, 2001): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650011538721.

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A parametric method for optimal design of two-dimensional cascades, based on the coupling between a genetic algorithm and a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, is introduced. The results of cascade geometry optimization for a large range of inlet and outlet flow angle pairs are presented. The method is a simple as well as effective tool for the optimal design of cascades for axial flow pumps.

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28

Mikaberidze, Guram, and Raissa M. D’Souza. "Sandpile cascades on oscillator networks: The BTW model meets Kuramoto." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 5 (May 2022): 053121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095094.

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Cascading failures abound in complex systems and the Bak–Tang–Weisenfeld (BTW) sandpile model provides a theoretical underpinning for their analysis. Yet, it does not account for the possibility of nodes having oscillatory dynamics, such as in power grids and brain networks. Here, we consider a network of Kuramoto oscillators upon which the BTW model is unfolding, enabling us to study how the feedback between the oscillatory and cascading dynamics can lead to new emergent behaviors. We assume that the more out-of-sync a node is with its neighbors, the more vulnerable it is and lower its load-carrying capacity accordingly. Also, when a node topples and sheds load, its oscillatory phase is reset at random. This leads to novel cyclic behavior at an emergent, long timescale. The system spends the bulk of its time in a synchronized state where load builds up with minimal cascades. Yet, eventually, the system reaches a tipping point where a large cascade triggers a “cascade of larger cascades,” which can be classified as a dragon king event. The system then undergoes a short transient back to the synchronous, buildup phase. The coupling between capacity and synchronization gives rise to endogenous cascade seeds in addition to the standard exogenous ones, and we show their respective roles. We establish the phenomena from numerical studies and develop the accompanying mean-field theory to locate the tipping point, calculate the load in the system, determine the frequency of the long-time oscillations, and find the distribution of cascade sizes during the buildup phase.

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Kobayashi, Ryota, and Renaud Lambiotte. "TiDeH: Time-Dependent Hawkes Process for Predicting Retweet Dynamics." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14717.

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Online social networking services allow their users to post content in the form of text, images or videos. The main mechanism driving content diffusion is the possibility for users to re-share the content posted by their social connections, which may then cascade across the system. A fundamental problem when studying information cascades is the possibility to develop sound mathematical models, whose parameters can be calibrated on empirical data, in order to predict the future course of a cascade after a window of observation. In this paper, we focus on Twitter and, in particular, on the temporal patterns of retweet activity for an original tweet. We model the system by Time-Dependent Hawkes process (TiDeH), which properly takes into account the circadian nature of the users and the aging of information. The input of the prediction model are observed retweet times and structural information about the underlying social network. We develop a procedure for parameter optimization and for predicting the future profiles of retweet activity at different time resolutions. We validate our methodology on a large corpus of Twitter data and demonstrate its systematic improvement over existing approaches in all the time regimes.

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30

McClean, Megan N., Pascal Hersen, and Sharad Ramanathan. "In vivo measurement of signaling cascade dynamics." Cell Cycle 8, no. 3 (February 2009): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.8.3.7450.

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31

BREYMANN, WOLFGANG, SHOALEH GHASHGHAIE, and PETER TALKNER. "A STOCHASTIC CASCADE MODEL FOR FX DYNAMICS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 03, no. 03 (July 2000): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021902490000019x.

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A time series model for the FX dynamics is presented which takes into account structural peculiarities of the market, namely its heterogeneity and an information flow from long to short time horizons. The model emerges from an analogy between FX dynamics and hydrodynamic turbulence. The heterogeneity of the market is modeled in the form of a multiplicative cascade of time scales ranging from several minutes to a few months, analogous to the Kolmogorov cascade in turbulence. The model reproduces well the important empirical characteristics of FX rates for major currencies, as the heavy-tailed distribution of returns, their change in shape with the increasing time interval, and the persistence of volatility.

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32

Lee, Kyu-Min, Sungmin Lee, Byungjoon Min, and K. I. Goh. "Threshold cascade dynamics on signed random networks." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 168 (March 2023): 113118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2023.113118.

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33

ZHANG, SHUWEN, DEJUN TAN, and LANSUN CHEN. "CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR OF A PERIODICALLY FORCED PREDATOR–PREY SYSTEM WITH BEDDINGTON–DEANGELIS FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE AND IMPULSIVE PERTURBATIONS." Advances in Complex Systems 09, no. 03 (September 2006): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525906000811.

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The effects of periodic forcing and impulsive perturbations on the predator–prey model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response are investigated. We assume periodic variation in the intrinsic growth rate of the prey as well as periodic constant impulsive immigration of the predator. The dynamical behavior of the system is simulated and bifurcation diagrams are obtained for different parameters. The results show that periodic forcing and impulsive perturbation can very easily give rise to complex dynamics, including quasi-periodic oscillating, a period-doubling cascade, chaos, a period-halving cascade, non-unique dynamics, and period windows.

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34

Yao, Jie, and Fazle Hussain. "Vortex Reconnection and Turbulence Cascade." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 54, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 317–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-030121-125143.

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As a fundamental topology-transforming event, reconnection plays a significant role in the dynamics of plasmas, polymers, DNA, and fluids—both (classical) viscous and quantum. Since the 1994 review by Kida & Takaoka, substantial advances have been made on this topic. We review recent studies of vortex reconnection in (classical) viscous flows, including the physical mechanism, its relationship to turbulence cascade, the formation of a finite-time singularity, helicity dynamics, and aeroacoustic noise generation.

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35

Zeng, Zhiliang, Shouwei Zhao, Yu Peng, Xiang Hu, and Zhixiang Yin. "Cascade Forest-Based Model for Prediction of RNA Velocity." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 7873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227873.

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In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing technology (scRNA-seq) has developed rapidly and has been widely used in biological and medical research, such as in expression heterogeneity and transcriptome dynamics of single cells. The investigation of RNA velocity is a new topic in the study of cellular dynamics using single-cell RNA sequencing data. It can recover directional dynamic information from single-cell transcriptomics by linking measurements to the underlying dynamics of gene expression. Predicting the RNA velocity vector of each cell based on its gene expression data and formulating RNA velocity prediction as a classification problem is a new research direction. In this paper, we develop a cascade forest model to predict RNA velocity. Compared with other popular ensemble classifiers, such as XGBoost, RandomForest, LightGBM, NGBoost, and TabNet, it performs better in predicting RNA velocity. This paper provides guidance for researchers in selecting and applying appropriate classification tools in their analytical work and suggests some possible directions for future improvement of classification tools.

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Navon, Nir, Christoph Eigen, Jinyi Zhang, Raphael Lopes, Alexander L. Gaunt, Kazuya Fujimoto, Makoto Tsubota, Robert P. Smith, and Zoran Hadzibabic. "Synthetic dissipation and cascade fluxes in a turbulent quantum gas." Science 366, no. 6463 (October 3, 2019): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6103.

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Scale-invariant fluxes are the defining property of turbulent cascades, but their direct measurement is a challenging experimental problem. Here we perform such a measurement for a direct energy cascade in a turbulent quantum gas. Using a time-periodic force, we inject energy at a large length scale and generate a cascade in a uniformly trapped three-dimensional Bose gas. The adjustable trap depth provides a high-momentum cutoff kD, which realizes a synthetic dissipation scale. This gives us direct access to the particle flux across a momentum shell of radius kD, and the tunability of kD allows for a clear demonstration of the zeroth law of turbulence. Moreover, our time-resolved measurements give unique access to the pre–steady-state dynamics, when the cascade front propagates in momentum space.

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Kim, Moon-Sik, Chang-Il Kim, and Kwang-Soo Lee. "Vehicle Dynamics and Road Slope Estimation based on Cascade Extended Kalman Filter." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 51, no. 9 (September 25, 2014): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2014.51.9.208.

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KLIAKHANDLER, IGOR L. "Inverse cascade in film flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 423 (November 3, 2000): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000001786.

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Developed interfacial dynamics of thin film flows with moderate Reynolds numbers exhibits a remarkable feature: the evolution is dominated by solitary-like pulses with a natural large wavelength between them. This phenomenon is robust and resembles the inverse energy cascade in two-dimensional turbulence. A new simple evolution equation is proposed to describe the film flow dynamics which captures such an inverse cascade. The equation combines the simplest kinematic nonlinearity with the exact linear term. The spectral kernel of the linear term is found from the numerical solution of the associated linear stability problem.

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Swirydczuk, Jerzy. "Vortex Dynamics of the Stator Wake-Rotor Cascade Interaction." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 2 (May 28, 2002): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1467597.

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The behavior of turbine stator wakes moving with the flow through a rotor cascade is studied. The stator wake is modeled as a series of active vortices forming part of a von Karman vortex street, the motion of which is determined with the aid of the vortex dynamics theory. The study has recognized basic mechanisms and patterns of the wake-cascade interaction. In particular, it revealed that the course of the interaction depends on initial distribution of the vortices in the wake when it approaches the rotor cascade.

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Xie, Hong, Yongkun Li, and John C. S. Lui. "Understanding Persuasion Cascades in Online Product Rating Systems." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 5490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33015490.

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Online product rating systems have become an indispensable component for numerous web services such as Amazon, eBay, Google play store and TripAdvisor. One functionality of such systems is to uncover the product quality via product ratings (or reviews) contributed by consumers. However, a well-known psychological phenomenon called “messagebased persuasion” lead to “biased” product ratings in a cascading manner (we call this the persuasion cascade). This paper investigates: (1) How does the persuasion cascade influence the product quality estimation accuracy? (2) Given a real-world product rating dataset, how to infer the persuasion cascade and analyze it to draw practical insights? We first develop a mathematical model to capture key factors of a persuasion cascade. We formulate a high-order Markov chain to characterize the opinion dynamics of a persuasion cascade and prove the convergence of opinions. We further bound the product quality estimation error for a class of rating aggregation rules including the averaging scoring rule, via the matrix perturbation theory and the Chernoff bound. We also design a maximum likelihood algorithm to infer parameters of the persuasion cascade. We conduct experiments on the data from Amazon and TripAdvisor, and show that persuasion cascades notably exist, but the average scoring rule has a small product quality estimation error under practical scenarios.

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Held, Isaac M., Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, Stephen T. Garner, and Kyle L. Swanson. "Surface quasi-geostrophic dynamics." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 282 (January 10, 1995): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095000012.

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The dynamics of quasi-geostrophic flow with uniform potential vorticity reduces to the evolution of buoyancy, or potential temperature, on horizontal boundaries. There is a formal resemblance to two-dimensional flow, with surface temperature playing the role of vorticity, but a different relationship between the flow and the advected scalar creates several distinctive features. A series of examples are described which highlight some of these features: the evolution of an elliptical vortex; the start-up vortex shed by flow over a mountain; the instability of temperature filaments; the ‘edge wave’ critical layer; and mixing in an overturning edge wave. Characteristics of the direct cascade of the tracer variance to small scales in homogeneous turbulence, as well as the inverse energy cascade, are also described. In addition to its geophysical relevance, the ubiquitous generation of secondary instabilities and the possibility of finite-time collapse make this system a potentially important, numerically tractable, testbed for turbulence theories.

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Zhang, Jun Li. "STATCOM Based on Cascade Multilevel Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1365.

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Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) using the voltage source inverter (VSI) has been widely accepted as the current generation of the reactive power regulators of power system, improving the network steady-state and dynamic performances, regulates power factor, reduces losses and allows higher power flows in the exist line, assists in the post-fault recovery of transmission system. The cascade inverter not only can eliminate the bulky transformers compared with the conventional STATCOM, but also employ a sinusoid pulse width modular scheme: phase-shift. The use of the feedback linearization approach to design nonlinear controllers of power inverters is particularly interesting because it transforms a nonlinear system into a linear one in terms of its input–output relationship. Partial linearization may still be useful in some cases providing that the internal zero dynamics exhibit a proper transient performance.

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Hao, Yan, Che Jun, and Chen Siyu. "One-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling simulation research of centrifugal cascade hydraulics." Kerntechnik 87, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2021-0035.

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Abstract Centrifuge cascade hydraulics research is very important for the cascade system design and safety analysis. The one-dimensional centrifugal cascade dynamic hydraulics calculation program can be used to achieve the rapid verification of the cascade system dynamic operation or accident condition. While the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program is mainly used to analyze the local three-dimensional fluid phenomena such as the centrifugal cascade pipe and equipment. To comprehensively utilize the advantages of the two simulation methods, based on the one-dimensional calculation software SimuWorks of centrifugal cascade hydraulics and three-dimensional flow field calculation software Fluent, a one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling simulation program for centrifugal cascade hydraulics was developed by using the API functions provided by SimuWorks simulation software and the user-defined function (UDF) of Fluent. The coupling method is used to analyze the movement of solid particles in the main feed pipe of the separation stage. By comparing the calculation results of the coupling program with the calculation results of the traditional one-dimensional dynamic hydraulics program, it can be seen that the coupling program can correctly predict the influence of feeding orifice plate clogging on the system parameters and can more intuitively show the flow field characteristics in the important parts of the system. The motion characteristics of the solid particles obtained in the simulation verification are consistent with the experimental analysis results, which further verifies the accuracy of the coupling program. The coupling program can provide a new calculation method and analytical tool for the study of centrifugal cascade hydraulics.

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QADR, Hiwa Mohammad. "A molecular dynamics calculation to cascade damage processes." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 43, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2020.4.02.

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Ma, Honghai, Yuchen Chen, Qiuwen Chen, Dongsheng Liu, Jianyun Zhang, and Daniele Tonina. "Dam cascade unveils sediment methylmercury dynamics in reservoirs." Water Research 212 (April 2022): 118059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118059.

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Wahlberg, Bo, Petre Stoica, and Prabhu Babu. "On Estimation of Cascade Systems with Common Dynamics." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 10 (2009): 1116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090706-3-fr-2004.00185.

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Pflügl, C., W. Schrenk, S. Anders, and G. Strasser. "Spectral dynamics of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers." Semiconductor Science and Technology 19, no. 4 (March 10, 2004): S336—S338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/19/4/111.

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Peter, G., D. Behrens, and C. C. Noack. "Poincaré covariant particle dynamics. I. Intranuclear cascade model." Physical Review C 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 3253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.49.3253.

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Albo, Asaf, and Yuri V. Flores. "Carrier Leakage Dynamics in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 53, no. 5 (October 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2017.2740261.

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Horak, P., K. M. Gheri, and H. Ritsch. "Quantum dynamics of a single-atom cascade laser." Physical Review A 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 3257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.51.3257.

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