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Academic literature on the topic 'Cascade'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cascade"

1

Yamamoto, A., R. Murao, Y. Suzuki, and Y. Aoi. "A Quasi-Unsteady Study on Wake Interaction of Turbine Stator and Rotor Cascades." Journal of Turbomachinery 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836567.

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Detailed flow measurements were made to study cascade interaction of turbine stator and rotor, using two linear cascades installed in series. The upstream cascade was moved to several places in the cascade pitchwise direction in order to change the relative location between the two cascades, and measurements were made in the downstream cascade. The result shows that the net total pressure loss generated in the downstream cascade becomes maximum when wakes of the upstream cascade pass the suction side of the downstream cascade passage, while the tip leakage loss generated in the downstream cascade does not change with the relative location of the cascades. The upstream cascade wakes interact with the secondary flows and most strongly with the endwall flow in the downstream cascade passage, making the loss distributions in the cascades fairly unsteady.

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Lee, Yoo Seok, Koun Lim, and Shelley D. Minteer. "Cascaded Biocatalysis and Bioelectrocatalysis: Overview and Recent Advances." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 72, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-050109.

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Enzyme cascades are plentiful in nature, but they also have potential in artificial applications due to the possibility of using the target substrate in biofuel cells, electrosynthesis, and biosensors. Cascade reactions from enzymes or hybrid bioorganic catalyst systems exhibit extended substrate range, reaction depth, and increased overall performance. This review addresses the strategies of cascade biocatalysis and bioelectrocatalysis for ( a) CO2 fixation, ( b) high value-added product formation, ( c) sustainable energy sources via deep oxidation, and ( d) cascaded electrochemical enzymatic biosensors. These recent updates in the field provide fundamental concepts, designs of artificial electrocatalytic oxidation-reduction pathways (using a flexible setup involving organic catalysts and engineered enzymes), and advances in hybrid cascaded sensors for sensitive analyte detection.

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Littmann, Enno, and Helge Ritter. "Learning and Generalization in Cascade Network Architectures." Neural Computation 8, no. 7 (October 1996): 1521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.7.1521.

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Incrementally constructed cascade architectures are a promising alternative to networks of predefined size. This paper compares the direct cascade architecture (DCA) proposed in Littmann and Ritter (1992) to the cascade-correlation approach of Fahlman and Lebiere (1990) and to related approaches and discusses the properties on the basis of various benchmark results. One important virtue of DCA is that it allows the cascading of entire subnetworks, even if these admit no error-backpropagation. Exploiting this flexibility and using LLM networks as cascaded elements, we show that the performance of the resulting network cascades can be greatly enhanced compared to the performance of a single network. Our results for the Mackey-Glass time series prediction task indicate that such deeply cascaded network architectures achieve good generalization even on small data sets, when shallow, broad architectures of comparable size suffer from overfitting. We conclude that the DCA approach offers a powerful and flexible alternative to existing schemes such as, e.g., the mixtures of experts approach, for the construction of modular systems from a wide range of subnetwork types.

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Suzuki, Daiki, Sho Tsugawa, Keiichiro Tsukamoto, and Shintaro Igari. "On the effectiveness of a contrastive cascade graph learning framework: The power of synthetic cascade data." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 16, 2023): e0293032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293032.

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Analyzing the dynamics of information diffusion cascades and accurately predicting their behavior holds significant importance in various applications. In this paper, we concentrate specifically on a recently introduced contrastive cascade graph learning framework, for the task of predicting cascade popularity. This framework follows a pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm to address cascade prediction tasks. In a previous study, the transferability of pre-trained models within the contrastive cascade graph learning framework was examined solely between two social media datasets. However, in our present study, we comprehensively evaluate the transferability of pre-trained models across 13 real datasets and six synthetic datasets. We construct several pre-trained models using real cascades and synthetic cascades generated by the independent cascade model and the Profile model. Then, we fine-tune these pre-trained models on real cascade datasets and evaluate their prediction accuracy based on the mean squared logarithmic error. The main findings derived from our results are as follows. (1) The pre-trained models exhibit transferability across diverse types of real datasets in different domains, encompassing different languages, social media platforms, and diffusion time scales. (2) Synthetic cascade data prove effective for pre-training purposes. The pre-trained models constructed with synthetic cascade data demonstrate comparable effectiveness to those constructed using real data. (3) Synthetic cascade data prove beneficial for fine-tuning the contrastive cascade graph learning models and training other state-of-the-art popularity prediction models. Models trained using a combination of real and synthetic cascades yield significantly lower mean squared logarithmic error compared to those trained solely on real cascades. Our findings affirm the effectiveness of synthetic cascade data in enhancing the accuracy of cascade popularity prediction.

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Zhang, Shuyi, Bo Yang, Hong Xie, and Moru Song. "Applications of an Improved Aerodynamic Optimization Method on a Low Reynolds Number Cascade." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091150.

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The effect of cascade aerodynamic optimization on turbomachinery design is very significant. However, for most traditional cascade optimization methods, aerodynamic parameters are considered as boundary conditions and rarely directly used as the optimization variables to realize optimization. Given this problem, this paper proposes an improved cascade aerodynamic optimization method in which an incidence angle and nine geometric parameters are used to parameterize the cascade and one modified optimization algorithm is adopted to find the cascade with the optimal aerodynamic performance. The improved parameterization approach is based on the Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) method, the camber line superposing thickness distribution molding (CLSTDM) method, and the plane cascade design method. To rapidly and effectively find the cascade with the largest average lift-drag ratio within a certain range of incidence angles, modified particle swarm optimization combined with the modified very fast simulated annealing algorithm (PSO-MVFSA) is adopted. To verify the feasibility of the method, a cascade with NACA4412 and a practical cascade are optimized. It is found that the average lift-drag ratios of two optimal performance cascades are respectively increased by 13.38% and 15.21% in comparison to those of two original cascades. Meanwhile, through optimizing the practical cascade of the Blade D500, under different volume flow rates, the pressure coefficient of the optimized cascade is increased by an average of more than 6.12% compared to that of the prototype, and the average efficiency is increased by 11.15%. Therefore, this improved aerodynamic optimization method is reliable and feasible for the performance improvement of cascades with a low Reynolds number.

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Azizov, T. E., A. Yu Smirnov, and G. A. Sulaberidze. "Comparison of the efficiency of square cascades with an additional product flow and double cascades to concentrate intermediate isotopes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2147, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2147/1/012006.

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Abstract Original techniques were proposed for calculating and optimizing double cascades (DC) built of square cascades and a square cascade with an additional product flow (SCAP). Both cascade schemes (DC and SCAP) were tested in solving a task of simultaneous enrichment of three components of a model mixture to a pre-defined level. A comparison of the DC and SCAP efficiency was made according to the minimum of total cascade flow. The results have shown that the double cascade is more efficient in terms of the chosen criterion.

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Lipp, Vladimir, Igor Milov, and Nikita Medvedev. "Quantifying electron cascade size in various irradiated materials for free-electron laser applications." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 29, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577522000339.

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Studying electron- and X-ray-induced electron cascades in solids is essential for various research areas at free-electron laser facilities, such as X-ray imaging, crystallography, pulse diagnostics or X-ray-induced damage. To better understand the fundamental factors that define the duration and spatial size of such cascades, this work investigates the electron propagation in ten solids relevant for the applications of X-ray lasers: Au, B4C, diamond, Ni, polystyrene, Ru, Si, SiC, Si3N4 and W. Using classical Monte Carlo simulation in the atomic approximation, we study the dependence of the cascade size on the incident electron or photon energy and on the target parameters. The results show that an electron-induced cascade is systematically larger than a photon-induced cascade. Moreover, in contrast with the common assumption, the maximal cascade size does not necessarily coincide with the electron range. It was found that the cascade size can be controlled by careful selection of the photon energy for a particular material. Photon energy, just above an ionization potential, can essentially split the absorbed energy between two electrons (photo- and Auger), reducing their initial energy and thus shrinking the cascade size. This analysis suggests a way of tailoring the electron cascades for applications requiring either small cascades with a high density of excited electrons or large-spread cascades with lower electron densities.

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Yocum, A. M., and W. F. O’Brien. "Separated Flow in a Low-Speed Two-Dimensional Cascade: Part II—Cascade Performance." Journal of Turbomachinery 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929269.

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This study was conducted for the purpose of providing a more fundamental understanding of separated flow in cascades and to provide performance data for fully stalled blade rows. Cascades of a single blade geometry and a solidity of unity were studied for three stagger angles and the full range of angle of attack extending well into the stalled flow regime. The Reynolds number was also varied for a limited number of cases. Results from velocity and pressure measurements made in the cascade and the overall cascade performance evaluated from these measurements are presented. In addition, results from a numerical simulation of the flow through a cascade of flat plate airfoils are used to illustrate further the effects of blade stagger and to define the correct limits for the cascade performance. The results indicate that the slope of the total pressure loss versus angle of attack curve for the flow immediately downstream of the cascade is steeper for cascades with greater stagger. The normal force coefficient was found to increase to a peak value near the angle of attack where full leading edge stall first occurs. A further increase in angle of attack results in a decline in the normal force coefficient. The peak value of the normal force coefficient is greater and occurs at a higher angle of attack for the cascades with smaller stagger.

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Amour, A., M. Bird, L. Chaudry, J. Deadman, D. Hayes, and C. Kay. "General considerations for proteolytic cascades." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320015.

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Proteases are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of essential physiological processes, often by participating in a highly orchestrated sequence of events termed a ‘proteolytic cascade’. Four major proteolytic cascades with disease relevance are candidates for therapeutic intervention, namely caspase-mediated apoptosis, blood coagulation, the matrix metalloproteinase cascade and the complement cascade. Understanding the various steps involved in the functioning of a cascade is key to deciding possible points of intervention for the design of potential drug molecules. This brief review illustrates some of the common features of proteolytic cascades using the blood coagulation pathway as an example.

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Milner, Jo. "Molecular cascades in the Cascade Mountains." Trends in Genetics 12, no. 9 (September 1996): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(96)80023-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cascade"

1

Taboada, Martín O. "Automated target cascade." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2006/1435.

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Patterson, Steven Gregory. "Bipolar cascade lasers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8805.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis addresses issues of the design and modeling of the Bipolar Cascade Laser (BCL), a new type of quantum well laser. BCLs consist of multiple single stage lasers electrically coupled via tunnel junctions. The BCL ideally operates by having each injected electron participate in a recombination event in the topmost active region, then tunnel from the valence band of the first active region into the conduction band of the next active region, participate in another recombination event, and so on through each stage of the cascade. As each electron may produce more than one photon the quantum efficiency of the device can, in theory, exceed 100%. This work resulted in the first room temperature, continuous-wave operation of a BCL, with a record 99.3% differential slope efficiency. The device was fully characterized and modeled to include light output and voltage versus current bias, modulation response and thermal properties. A new singlemode bipolar cascade laser, the bipolar cascade antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide laser, was proposed and modeled.
by Steven G. Patterson.
Ph.D.

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Baumann, Morgaine Lillian. "Cascade & Run." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5121.

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A few things that influenced this collection of poems: shifting memory, mirroring, opposites, river rapids, patterns that repeat and spread both in the natural world and in writing... rhizomatic root systems, veins, an aerial view of rivers...

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Yamazaki, Yasuhiro H. "The cyclogenetic energy cascade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ49977.pdf.

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Hanson, Timothy B. "Cascade adaptive array structures." Ohio : Ohio University, 1990. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173207031.

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Main, A. D. J. "Annular turbine cascade aerodynamics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239350.

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Winning, Leonard H. "New Radical Cascade Chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494312.

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Williams, Benjamin S. (Benjamin Stanford) 1974. "Terahertz quantum cascade lasers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17012.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-310).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
The development of the terahertz frequency range has long been impeded by the relative dearth of compact, coherent radiation sources of reasonable power. This thesis details the development of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) that operate in the terahertz with photon energies below the semiconductor Reststrahlen band. Photons are emitted via electronic intersubband transitions that take place entirely within the conduction band, where the wavelength is chosen by engineering the well and barrier widths in multiple-quantum-well heterostructures. Fabrication of such long wavelength lasers has traditionally been challenging, since it is difficult to obtain a population inversion between such closely spaced energy levels, and because traditional dielectric waveguides become extremely lossy due to free carrier absorption. This thesis reports the development of terahertz QCLs in which the lower radiative state is depopulated via resonant longitudinal-optical phonon scattering. This mechanism is efficient and temperature insensitive, and provides protection from thermal backfilling due to the large energy separation between the lower radiative state and the injector. Both properties are important in allowing higher temperature operation at longer wavelengths. Lasers using a surface plasmon based waveguide grown on a semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrate were demonstrated at 3.4 THz in pulsed mode up to 87 K, with peak collected powers of 14 mW at 5 K, and 4 mW at 77 K.
Additionally, the first terahertz QCLs have been demonstrated that use metalmetal waveguides, where the mode is confined between metal layers placed immediately above and below the active region. These devices have confinement factors close to unity, and are expected to be advantageous over SI-surface-plasmon waveguides, especially at long wavelengths. Such a waveguide was used to obtain lasing at 3.8 THz in pulsed mode up to a record high temperature of 137 K, whereas similar devices fabricated in SI-surface-plasmon waveguides had lower maximum lasing temperatures due to the higher losses and lower confinement factors. This thesis describes the theory, design, fabrication, and testing of terahertz quantum cascade laser devices. A summary of theory relevant to design is presented, including intersubband radiative transitions and gain, intersubband scattering, and coherent resonant tunneling transport using a tight-binding density matrix model. Analysis of the effects of the complex heterostructure phonon spectra on terahertz QCL design are considered. Calculations of the properties of various terahertz waveguides are presented and compared with experimental results. Various fabrication methods have been developed, including a robust metallic wafer bonding technique used to fabricate metal-metal waveguides. A wide variety of quantum cascade structures, both lasing and non-lasing, have been experimentally characterized, which yield valuable information about the transport and optical properties of terahertz devices. Finally, prospects for higher temperature operation of terahertz QCLs are considered.
by Benjamin S. Williams.
Ph.D.

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9

Pack, Camille Marian. "Cascade Lake: A Novel." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/365.

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Twenty-two-year-old Macy Oman narrates the book in retrospect from Cascade, Oregon, where she is visiting her mother. Macy's father moved with her to Portland shortly after the accidental death of her brother, Nick, seven years before the narration begins. Macy's mother stayed behind in Cascade. Thematically the work centers on the emotional repercussions of these losses. Macy's, and her older lover Jason's, involvement with Nick's death is unknown to everyone. Her guilt and her mother's perceived betrayal are disabling. Taking her longing for closeness to nature and to her reclusive friend Celia, Macy discovers folklore that inspires a vision quest to seek her own personal healer, a shaman inside. When Macy accepts and reveals her part in Nick's death, it opens the way to further revelations about the real root of her parents' separation, the divisive nature of assumptions, and the healing power of acceptance. This story attempts to loosely rewrite, subvert or reclaim the early life of the mythological Medea, who betrayed her father and her brother by aiding her lover, Jason the Argonaught, in his quest to obtain the golden fleece that hung on an oak tree, guarded by a dragon. In this story, the golden fleece is represented by an Apollo scarf that Macy's father Richard, an eccentric art-history buff, bought for her mother. Mythologically, the fleece was a powerful artifact, heavily guarded, worthy of war. In this rendition, the value of the scarf, rather than being material, is emotional. In comparison with the golden fleece, the Apollo scarf, an expensive item that is only appreciated for the relationships it represents, is meant to signal the superiority of the emotional over the material. Ultimately Macy does not betray her family; it is Mari who stays behind and Macy who instigates a reconciliation when she reveals the truth about her somewhat inadvertent participation in Nick's death. (352 pages)

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Mizuta, Atsushi. "Universality of Kolmogorov's Cascade Picture in Inverse Energy Cascade Range of Two-dimensional turbulence." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189339.

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Books on the topic "Cascade"

1

Cascade. New York: Viking, 2012.

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Cascade! [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 2013.

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Riva, Sergio, and Wolf-Dieter Fessner, eds. Cascade Biocatalysis. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527682492.

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DeVivo, Anita. Cascade Park. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2010.

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Wykes, Marjorie Mallory. Cascade chronicles. Grand Rapids, Mich: Cascade Historical Commission, 1987.

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Gambler's Cascade. London, UK: Hale, 1986.

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Cascade Effect. Red Deer: Dragon Moon Press, 2013.

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Gitin, Eugene L. Fool's cascade. New York: Vantage Press, 1995.

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Lawrence County Historical Society (New Castle, Pa.), ed. Cascade Park. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia Pub., 2010.

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Wolves in the Throne Room (Musical group). Black cascade. Los Angeles, CA: Southern Lord, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cascade"

1

Borrione, Dominique. "CASCADE." In Fundamentals and Standards in Hardware Description Languages, 411–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1914-6_14.

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Wang, Wei, and Clark Barrett. "Cascade." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 420–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_33.

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Hubbard, John H., and Beverly H. West. "Cascade." In MacMath 9.2, 81–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8378-9_12.

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Davis, Loren. "Cascade." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 27–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0523-5_4.

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Hubbard, John H., and Beverly H. West. "Cascade." In MacMath 9.0, 81–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0390-9_12.

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Hubbard, John H., and Beverly H. West. "Cascade." In MacMath 9.2, 81–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25368-7_12.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Cascade." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 880. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13322.

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Garcia-Ruiz, Eva, Diana M. Mate, David Gonzalez-Perez, Patricia Molina-Espeja, Susana Camarero, Angel T. Martínez, Antonio O. Ballesteros, and Miguel Alcalde. "Directed Evolution of Ligninolytic Oxidoreductases: from Functional Expression to Stabilization and Beyond." In Cascade Biocatalysis, 1–22. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527682492.ch1.

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Santacoloma, Paloma A., and John M. Woodley. "Perspectives on Multienzyme Process Technology." In Cascade Biocatalysis, 231–48. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527682492.ch10.

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Martínková, Ludmila, Andreas Stolz, Fred van Rantwijk, Nicola D'Antona, Dean Brady, and Linda G. Otten. "Nitrile Converting Enzymes Involved in Natural and Synthetic Cascade Reactions." In Cascade Biocatalysis, 249–70. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527682492.ch11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cascade"

1

Zhang, Jingyuan Linda, Xue Huang, Claire F. Gmachl, Vadim Tokranov, and Serge Oktyabrsky. "Cascaded-transition Quantum Cascade laser." In 2012 Lester Eastman Conference on High Performance Devices (LEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lec.2012.6410996.

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Lu, Xiaodong, Shuo Ji, Le Yu, Leilei Sun, Bowen Du, and Tongyu Zhu. "Continuous-Time Graph Learning for Cascade Popularity Prediction." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/247.

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Information propagation on social networks could be modeled as cascades, and many efforts have been made to predict the future popularity of cascades. However, most of the existing research treats a cascade as an individual sequence. Actually, the cascades might be correlated with each other due to the shared users or similar topics. Moreover, the preferences of users and semantics of a cascade are usually continuously evolving over time. In this paper, we propose a continuous-time graph learning method for cascade popularity prediction, which first connects different cascades via a universal sequence of user-cascade and user-user interactions and then chronologically learns on the sequence by maintaining the dynamic states of users and cascades. Specifically, for each interaction, we present an evolution learning module to continuously update the dynamic states of the related users and cascade based on their currently encoded messages and previous dynamic states. We also devise a cascade representation learning component to embed the temporal information and structural information carried by the cascade. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority and rationality of our approach.

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Yocum, Adam M., and Walter F. O’Brien. "Separated Flow in a Low Speed Two-Dimensional Cascade: Part II — Cascade Performance." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-357.

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This study was conducted for the purpose of providing a more fundamental understanding of separated flow in cascades and to provide performance data for fully-stalled blade rows. Cascades of a single blade geometry and a solidity of unity were studied for three stagger angles and the full range of angle of attack extending well into the stalled flow regime. The Reynolds number was also varied for a limited number of cases. Results from velocity and pressure measurements made in the cascade and the overall cascade performance evaluated from these measurements are presented. In addition, results from a numerical simulation of the flow through a cascade of flat plate airfoils are used to further illustrate the effects of blade stagger and to define the correct limits for the cascade performance. The results indicate that the slope of the total pressure loss versus angle of attack curve for the flow immediately downstream of the cascade is steeper for cascades with greater stagger. The normal force coefficient was found to increase to a peak value near the angle of attack where full leading edge stall first occurs. A further increase in angle of attack results in a decline in the normal force coefficient. The peak value of the normal force coefficient is greater and occurs at a higher angle of attack for the cascades with smaller stagger.

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4

Yamamoto, Atsumasa, Rin-ichi Murao, Yuji Suzuki, and Yoshihiro Aoi. "A Quasi Unsteady Study on Wake Interaction of Turbine Stator and Rotor Cascades." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-138.

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Detailed flow measurements were made to study cascade interaction of turbine stator and rotor, by using two linear cascades installed in series. The upstream cascade was traversed at several times in the cascade pitchwise direction in order to change the relative location between the two cascades, and measurements were made in the downstream cascade. The result shows that the net total pressure loss generated in the downstream cascade becomes maximum when wakes of the upstream cascade pass the suction side of the downstream cascade passage, while the tip leakage loss generated in the downstream cascade does not change with the relative location th cascades. The upstreaof born cascade wakes interact with the secondary flows, and most strongly with the endwall flow in the downstream cascade passage, making the loss distributions in both cascades fairly unsteady.

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Belz, Joachim, Holger Hennings, and Gerhard Kahl. "Experimental Investigation of the Forcing Function and Forced Pitching Blade Oscillations of an Annular Compressor Cascade in Transonic Flow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23590.

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The interaction between rotor blades and non-rotating stator blades is the most significant blade excitation mechanism in turbomachines. It is well documented in various numerical and experimental investigations for turbine cascades. Like turbine blades, also compressor blades are excited as well by potential fields of the following stator, the downstream flowfield of the stator of the previous stage or struts and incoming flow distortions. In this paper, experimental investigations of the excitation of a transonic compressor cascade due to gust generating struts upstream are presented. The experiments were performed in the test facility of non-rotating annular cascades at EPFL using a compressor cascade, which consists of 20 blades (NACA3506 profile) mounted on elastic spring suspensions for torsional motions at the midchord. For the non-rotating annular cascade, relative flow conditions similar to those present in a rotating cascade are generating by swirling the flow in front of the test test section. The struts are rotating in order to create a periodic excitation upstream of the cascade. The so generated pressure distribution on the cascade’s profiles as well as the measured vibration response of the blades are presented and compared for a pure subsonic and a transonic flow case.

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Chilton, Lydia B., Greg Little, Darren Edge, Daniel S. Weld, and James A. Landay. "Cascade." In CHI '13: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466265.

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Cheng, Long Hin Porsche, and Yuet Ting Cheng. "Cascade." In SA '20: SIGGRAPH Asia 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3414686.3427165.

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Chou, Teyuh, Wei Tang, Jacob Botimer, and Zhengya Zhang. "CASCADE." In MICRO '52: The 52nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3352460.3358328.

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Munoz Lopez, Edwin J., Alexander Hergt, and Sebastian Grund. "The New Chapter of Transonic Compressor Cascade Design at the DLR." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80189.

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Abstract The approach to design compressor blades has been transformed over the years by the advent of efficient numerical optimization algorithms and increasing computing power. This has allowed designers to focus on finding the best optimization methodology for a desired application. However, transonic flow conditions on compressor blades still present considerable modeling and optimization challenges, making the optimization of even a 2D blade section a non-trivial undertaking. This paper then focuses on the design of a new state-of-the-art transonic compressor cascade for future wind tunnel test campaigns at the DLR. For this purpose, a thorough review was performed of similar cascades previously tested at the DLR’s Transonic Cascade Wind Tunnel. From this review, a main reference was picked corresponding to a modern cascade with notably good efficiency at high aerodynamic loading. The data gathered informed the definition of the optimization’s design strategy applied with the DLR’s in-house optimizer, AutoOpti. The process chain was evaluated with the DLR’s CFD solver for turbomachinery applications, TRACE, by performing RANS simulations with the k-ω SST turbulence model and γ-ReΘ transition model. The optimization was set to minimize two separate objective functions: the first one focused on the efficiency at the aerodynamic design point, while the second one was focused on the efficiency over the cascade’s working range. The result is a Pareto front of cascades with a wide variety of design characteristics and a considerable improvement in efficiency over the working range of about 24%. This improvement was achieved while maintaining a similar aerodynamic blade loading, quantified by a maximum increase of 3% of the de Haller number. Further post-optimization analyses were performed to select the “best” cascade for future wind tunnel test campaigns. The significant improvements obtained with respect to the reference and with a wide variety of cascade designs demonstrates that there is still much to be learned about blade design through optimization; even for 2D cascades and specially in transonic flow conditions.

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Franz, Kale J., Daniel Wasserman, Anthony J. Hoffman, Claire Gmachl, Kuen-Ting Shiu, and Stephen R. Forrest. "Cascaded Emission from a Dual-Wavelength Quantum Cascade Laser." In CLEO 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2007.4452957.

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Reports on the topic "Cascade"

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Yang, Bo, Chris Binder, and Pamela Blackmore. Cascade Garden. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31353/cs0650.

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Passariello, Fausto. Bedside Oxygen Cascade. Fondazione Vasculab, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.24019/2014.bedsideoxygencascade.

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Passariello, Fausto. Bedside oxygen cascade. Fondazione Vasculab, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.24019/2014.bo2c.

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Gmachl, Claire. Quantum Cascade Lasers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429769.

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Macklin, R. L. Maxwellian cascade model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5352123.

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Baumann, Morgaine. Cascade & Run. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7000.

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Carr, S. B., I. R. Afnan, and B. F. Gibson. The cascade-deuteron system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10149656.

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Yang, Rui Q., Michael B. Santos, and Matthew B. Johnson. Interband Cascade Photovoltaic Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157586.

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Hartmann, S. R. Two-Photon Cooperative Cascade Superfluorescence. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada254579.

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Folkes, Patrick. Interband Cascade Laser Photon Noise. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada507657.

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