Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cary'

Il presente elaborato consiste nella proposta di sottotitolaggio di quattro scene selezionate dal film Sin Nombre. La struttura di questo scritto comprendere un’iniziale contestualizzazione del prodotto di partenza e del contesto sociale in cui si svolge, ossia il centro America caratterizzato da povertà, migrazioni verso gli Stati Uniti e organizzazioni mafiose come la Mara Salvatrucha. L’elaborato prosegue con un’analisi del linguaggio utilizzato focalizzata prevalentemente sul gergo specifico usato dall’associazione criminale in questione. Successivamente, viene presentata una breve panoramica sulle tecniche di sottotitolaggio impiegate. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo si concentra sulle scelte traduttive relative alle scene selezionate, motivandole ed evidenziandone problemi riscontrati e tecniche utilizzate. Il presente elaborato illustra il lavoro di sottotitolaggio di un film fortemente caratterizzato dal contesto socioculturale centroamericano con lo scopo di rendere fruibile il prodotto ad un pubblico italiano senza però perderne l’autenticità.

Willow, a deciduous, woody shrub, is a characteristic and often dominant riparian species (Amlin and Rood 2002) that has been unable to successfully regenerate throughout much of its western range, and Yellowstone National Park (YNP) is no exception (Singer et al. 1994, NRC 2002a). The primary objective of this study was to understand growth and maintenance of established willow stands as a community and as individual species following winter browse. These were based on the premises that (1) different levels of herbivory produce varying levels of compensatory growth (Brookshire et al. 2002), (2) different channel types provide diverse hydrologic conditions for vegetation establishment and maintenance (Patten 1998, Castelli et al. 2000), (3) riparian biodiversity is a function of fluvial dynamics and is increased by the degree of hydrologic connectivity of the system (Amoros and Bornette 2002), and (4) the possibility of willow species being either generalist (showing water source shifts) or specialist (availability doesn't influence water source) (Dawson and Ehleringer 1991, Busch et al. 1992, Schwinning and Ehleringer 2001). Site selection and design, and sampling scheme were designed to evaluate biophysical gradients both within and between sites over time. Gradients of biophysical parameters were quantified throughout the growing season. Regressions were used to identify relationships among physical and biological parameters or characteristics. Vegetative communities were compared using Sorenson's similarity index. Ecosystem functions that influence willow presence on the Northern Range include establishment, browse pressure, and maintenance and resilience or their ability to recover. Establishment of willow was a result of availability of their preferred water source while winter decline was a function of location and herbivore preferential selection. Maintenance and resilience were dominated by soil water use in the early season and groundwater use later in the season but with distinct variations between hydrologic systems. Nutrient availability and hyporheic connectivity, essential to dispersing those nutrients among the plant communities, also may influence growth and resilience of willow plants. However, excess or even "acceptable" levels of only one of the physical factors was not enough alone to control dominant plant growth and response to herbivory.

Joyce Cary's earliest novels address a whole range of "inadequate" ideas which he depicts as derived from romanticism and as fundamentally related to one another. These include the secularisation of divine providence as Hegelian dialectic, as a deterministic unconscious, and as the "life force." Furthermore, he depicts the romantic Utopianism of philosophers such as Rousseau as rooted in the same error as Social Darwinism. The ground of Cary's rejection of these notions is his belief that they all limit the freedom and responsibility of the individual. Having examined Cary's wholesale rejection of these ideas, this thesis discusses his novelistic dramatisations of specific notions adapted from the works of Carlyle, Wordsworth, and Kierkegaard. Cary is indebted to Carlyle for a notion of history as a cycle of decay and subsequent new creation of public institutions and symbols which embody cultural traditions. But history also exhibits a linear development, fueled by the desire of all people for greater "richness" of experience. Carlyle suggests that an important role in this development is reserved for exceptional individuals who are providentially selected "heroes" and who have a right to command absolute obedience in the realisation of their creative visions. In contrast, although Cary depicts "Promethean" iconoclasts as the inspirers of historical development, he suggests that the cooperation of other free individuals is necessary to bring their imaginative visions to actualisation. Cary's notion of the manner in which such a responsible and self-fulfilled individual develops is very similar to that of Wordsworth, with one important exception. Whereas Wordsworth attributes primacy to the relationship of the developing self to nature, Cary depicts the relationship with other people as paramount. Nonetheless, Cary's infants and children strongly resemble Wordsworth's in that they pass from a state in which they fail to differentiate between their own existence and that of the world, to a state in which they regard all of the world as animate but as separate from themselves. Furthermore, Cary's notion of memory is strikingly similar to Wordsworth's. Cary depicts the acquisition of a moral sense as an important facet of personal maturation. The mature person transcends the self to engage in compassionate relationships with other people, while respecting their separateness. Furthermore, the ability to transcend the self is fundamental to the exercise of creativity. It is involved both in the intuition which inspires artistic creation and in the engagement with material reality that is necessary to "translate" such intuition into a concrete symbol. In his final novels, Cary depicts the dire consequences of failures of self-transcendence. Many of Cary's characters who subscribe to such "inadequate" notions exemplify the existentially "pathological" states described by Tillich, Buber, and Marcel. Cary's examination and critique of specific romantic texts leads him to adopt a position that can be identified as "existentialist." His ideas diverge at revealing points from those of Sartre, and display a remarkable affinity with those of Nikolai Berdyaev. In the light of these divergences and affinities, the position exemplified by Cary's novels can be located within the heterogeneous existentialist movement. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Cary-Cortona is a city that lies on the periphery of two realities; the reality of pragmatism and the reality of abstraction. It was conceived as a response to the pragmatic questions posed by an uncertain, yet impending future. It was nurtured by the correlation of vaguely related information until the facts and figures themselves became an abyss of abstraction. From the cavernous depths of information came a night of dreams when Cary-Cortona first emerged as walls and columns that began to form a city of arcades and courtyards. On that night the inhabitants walked the streets and alleys and the fragments of a dream became the very real elements of a living town. The subconscious residue of that dream flowed together as expressions of order, hierarchy, and form, drawn into existence through the media of models, drawings and sketches. Those formal expressions have taken on a reality of their own even when seen as abstractions through pragmatic eyes because they represent aspirations not yet realized. Cary-Cortona is very much alive in the realm of ideas, and as an idea it can emote a different series of images from each viewer who sees it. Just as there are limitless images of the future each tied to the individual, Cary-Cortona represents only one aspiration for a small corner of a vast future. In its present form Cary-Cortona is an adolescent in a purgatory between the two realities of abstraction and pragmatism, belonging to neither world completely, yet existing to be judged and scrutinized by both.
Master of Architecture

The work of nineteenth-century American poet Phoebe Cary presents a complex puzzle of exigence and purpose that combines social structure, political climate, and personal history. Known for her somber and spiritual sentimental poetry, Cary shocked readers and reviewers alike when she published her collection Poems and Parodies in 1854, which contained a series of scathing and hilarious parodies based on popular sentimental poetry. In my thesis, I work to untangle the various contextual elements surrounding Cary’s writing in order to gain a better understanding of the dual nature of the poet and her work. Through an examination of nineteenth-century American culture, sentimentalism, Cary’s career, and a close reading of selected parodies, I argue that by intentionally undermining patriarchal, sentimental conventions, Cary both reinstates agency and plurality to women through her female speakers and asserts her own agency as an autonomous artist.

Failure to Yield is a collection of creative nonfiction that explores themes of presence and emotional connection and expression. The seven essays, which include three flash essays, explore the themes by reflecting on such topics as marriage, parent-child relationships and addiction. The collection is woven together by the author's relationships with her parents and children and by her experiences growing up in a small town in Iowa.

This thesis focuses on mystical experience and the writings of Anna Trapnel and other women associated with the Fifth Monarchy movement, Sarah Wight, Mary Cary, and Elizabeth Avery. Female visionary experience is particularly associated with the High to Late Middle Ages, yet there is a recurrence of it in the mid-seventeenth century, exemplified by the Fifth Monarchy women. One of the aims of this thesis is to determine how far the mystical discourse of medieval writers such as Hildegard of Bingen, Julian of Norwich, and St. Bridget, penetrates the writing of women associated with the Fifth Monarchists. To this end it participates in the critical debate surrounding the possibility of a tradition of female prophecy. A general residue of medieval mystical texts in England in the seventeenth century suggests cross-cultural influences, yet the recurrence of medieval aspects of mysticism in the writing of women visionaries has been seen as little more than coincidence. In order to develop the idea that there are more deliberate reasons for this recurrence, I will examine the ideological beliefs of the Fifth Monarchy movement, analysing in particular the ways in which these beliefs were expressed, as well as considering the impact of seventeenth-century editions of medieval mystical texts on the visionary writers of this movement. In pointing to a tradition of women's self-expression through mystical experience, this thesis also offers an analysis of Luce Irigaray's essay 'La Mysterique'. Emphasising the notion, that for women, the body is a signifier of mystical experience, Irigaray provides us with the means to gain a greater understanding of women's viSionary writing, while at the same time enabling us to gauge its significance in relation to the systems of social order prevalent during the period in which they wrote. The combination of historical and theoretical analysis is necessary for a full assessment of the implications of a consciousness of a feminised tradition of mysticism for the Fifth Monarchy movement as a whole, exemplified in the work of one of its leaders, John Rogers, but particularly its women members.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Esta pesquisa privilegiou algumas fontes narrativas produzidas em meados do século XIX pelos viajantes naturalistas que passaram pela Amazônia Alfred Russel Wallace (1848/1852), cuja experiência de viagem veio a ser conhecida pelo público com a publicação de Viagens pelos rios Amazonas e Negro em 1853; e Louis Agassiz e Elizabeth Cary Agassiz (1865/1866), cuja narrativa deu origem a obra de dupla autoria Viagem ao Brasil de 1867. Com este intuito, observamos que o contexto das viagens incidiu decisivamente na forma como estes indivíduos, pertencentes à cultura anglo-saxã, apreciaram às alteridades humana e ambiental da Amazônia. Estes viajantes se inserem num grupo de indivíduos do Oitocentos, que se lançaram além-mar a fim de encontrar não apenas material promissor para suas pesquisas, mas também que viam estas viagens como uma oportunidade para fugir das ordenações da ascendente sociedade burguesa. Assim, se de um lado anunciaram uma natureza coletável e categorizável , por outro lado objetivaram apreciar a natureza em sua cadeia de relações. Nestes termos, podemos pensar a pulsão de viajar, para onde nenhum homem branco ousou chegar, como a expressão de um sentimento nostálgico de perda da natureza, de desencantamento com o meio ambiente de seus países, decorrente das transformações provocadas pelas revoluções industrial e tecnológica. Neste processo, a natureza deixou de ser interpretada simbolicamente, passando a ser revelada por um observador externo que pudesse examiná-la e dissecá-la. Enfim, foi por meio da viagem para um mundo que concebiam como o puderam refletir sobre suas próprias existências. Mais do que examinar a natureza e seus habitantes por meio dos olhos do império, estes viajantes enfatizaram o valor de se aprender com o Outro.
Esta pesquisa privilegiou algumas fontes narrativas produzidas em meados do século XIX pelos viajantes naturalistas que passaram pela Amazônia Alfred Russel Wallace (1848/1852), cuja experiência de viagem veio a ser conhecida pelo público com a publicação de Viagens pelos rios Amazonas e Negro em 1853; e Louis Agassiz e Elizabeth Cary Agassiz (1865/1866), cuja narrativa deu origem a obra de dupla autoria Viagem ao Brasil de 1867. Com este intuito, observamos que o contexto das viagens incidiu decisivamente na forma como estes indivíduos, pertencentes à cultura anglo-saxã, apreciaram às alteridades humana e ambiental da Amazônia. Estes viajantes se inserem num grupo de indivíduos do Oitocentos, que se lançaram além-mar a fim de encontrar não apenas material promissor para suas pesquisas, mas também que viam estas viagens como uma oportunidade para fugir das ordenações da ascendente sociedade burguesa. Assim, se de um lado anunciaram uma natureza coletável e categorizável , por outro lado objetivaram apreciar a natureza em sua cadeia de relações. Nestes termos, podemos pensar a pulsão de viajar, para onde nenhum homem branco ousou chegar, como a expressão de um sentimento nostálgico de perda da natureza, de desencantamento com o meio ambiente de seus países, decorrente das transformações provocadas pelas revoluções industrial e tecnológica. Neste processo, a natureza deixou de ser interpretada simbolicamente, passando a ser revelada por um observador externo que pudesse examiná-la e dissecá-la. Enfim, foi por meio da viagem para um mundo que concebiam como o puderam refletir sobre suas próprias existências. Mais do que examinar a natureza e seus habitantes por meio dos olhos do império, estes viajantes enfatizaram o valor de se aprender com o Outro.

Includes comprehensive bibliography the composer's works. Biographical notes and list of works -- The ladykillers: a suite for orchestra in three movements based on the music composed for the 1955 Ealing comedy -- Contours and densities at First Hill: fifteen landscapes for orchestra -- I am here, for soprano and tape -- Scenes from a life, for orchestra - one movement with three sections. Apart from Contours and densities at First Hill, which was commissioned by the University of Adelaide, these works submitted for D. Mus have not ben published commercially.

The scholarly studies on The Tragedy of Mariam (1613), the first original five-act closet drama written in English by a woman, Elizabeth Cary, still raise questions about the author's inspirational impetus for her revised version on the Herod-Mariamme myth. Cary appears to have heavily borrowed from Flavius Josephus's works, The Antiquities, completed circa 93-94 A.D., and perhaps also The Jewish War, completed earlier, between 69 and 79 A.D., for the plot of Mariam, but a number of differences in the action development as well as the characterization of some protagonists between the primary sources for the play and Cary's version has led scholars to suppose that she might have been inspired by other works. This thesis, in fact, argues for a recognition of the significance of a larger use of the biblical and early English dramatic sources, till now little explored, that appear to be at the heart of many exiting details added by Cary to the account of the Jewish historian on Herod the Great and his second marriage. The first chapter offers a survey of the critical studies on the tragedy which, starting from its first modern 1914 Malone Society edition by Arthur Cyril Dunstan and Walter Wilson Greg and through a growing number of books and essays with various approaches to the text throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, seeks to emphasise a scholarly growing interest in the subject matter and the structure of the text, the circumstances in which Cary composed and published her play, as well as the meaning and the importance of this literary work for contemporary readers and spectators. The second chapter constitutes a study of Cary's educational background, mostly reconstructed on the information about her family life and works, included in her biography, which while presenting Cary as a young omnivorous reader of the time, able and encouraged to think critically, explores the historical and literary contexts of the play. The chapter concludes with an updated review of the present state of scholarship on the possible influential material on Mariam, preparing the ground for the literary analysis, respectively, in the third chapter, of the main source of Mariam, and in the fourth chapter, of probable sources for the tragedy, including the Bible and the early English dramas about Herod. The third chapter examines Cary's use and manipulation of the most probable and already quite well-explored historical sources by Flavius Josephus. It focuses upon the ways in which Cary selected the historical events and personalized them as well as the characterisation of some protagonists, constructing her own version of the story of Herod's marriage to Mariamme. This chapter, while discussing Cary's creativity in retelling the Herod-Mariamme myth, highlights her apparently strong alignment with the literary and social conventions of the period. The last chapter is an examination of evidence I have used to support my hypothesis that Cary might have blended more contents and characterizations to enliven the comparatively stark figures of the historical sources, and therefore, their actions. In this section, in fact, I explain in what ways the writer appears to go beyond the historical accounts, pointing to the similarity between Cary's dramatization of Herod, in particular, to different biblical Herods as well as the model of the biblical angry and paranoid stage villain built in early English dramas, and thus, emphasising that Mariam may be considered a compelling example of emerging literally experimentation on the Herod-Mariamme myth.
La prima eta' moderna in Inghilterra fu caratterizzata da una riscoperta della scrittura femminile; le donne inglesi si avvicinarono ad essa, ognuna con motivi ed intenti differenti, conseguendo risultati assai disparati. Alcune di esse espressero problematiche tipicamente femminili, altre trattarono temi del loro tempo, sul versante della religione, della politica e della cultura. La mia tesi ha lo scopo di rafforzare l'inclusione di Elizabeth Cary nel canone letterario inglese delle prime donne drammaturghe, attraverso l'analisi delle nuove possibili connessioni con altri testi del periodo che avrebbero potuto influenzare il suo tentativo di riscrittura di un fatto storico, ovvero l'unione di Erode il Grande alla sua seconda moglie, nel dramma The Tragedy of Mariam, pubblicato nel 1613. La mia tesi si sviluppa in due parti. Il primo inquadramento teorico si configura in due capitoli. Il primo capitolo della tesi e' una rassegna critica degli studi relativi alla storia e ricezione della tragedia di Elizabeth Cary, con lo scopo di comprendere al meglio le modalita'  con le quali gli studiosi hanno analizzato, interpretato e raccontato la tragedia negli ultimi cento anni. Partendo dalle informazioni sulla vita privata e professionale dell'autrice stessa, riportate in gran parte nella sua biografia, cerco di confrontare le ricostruzioni ed i giudizi degli studiosi moderni e contemporanei sulla storia ed il significato della tragedia, anche in occasione dell'uscita delle varie edizioni del testo e degli spettacoli teatrali degli ultimi vent'anni; questi ultimi alquanto inaspettati dato che si tratta di un 'closet drama'. Nella sintesi degli studi sul testo di Cary, dopo averne verificato la natura e gli scopi delle varie critiche, traggo le conclusioni che la tragedia e' stata sottoposta a varie e ripetute letture, secondo ritmi e tempi che dipendono dalla situazione storica in cui gli studiosi hanno concepito la propria analisi, ovvero sono intervenuti a rettificare, precisare, o anche cambiare la lettura di Mariam. Nel secondo capitolo, invece, mi interrogo sulle capacita'  letterarie della scrittrice, provando a capire le problematicita' e le dinamiche del suo possibile percorso di apprendimento nella prima eta' moderna in Inghilterra, e quindi anche sulla possibilita' di acceso alle potenziali fonti della tragedia. Questo capitolo, infatti, include anche un resoconto di studi fatti finora sulle fonti della sua tragedia, di particolare rilievo per concentrare la mia attenzione nella seconda parte della tesi, che e' uno studio esclusivamente comparativo su alcune delle fonti primarie dell'opera, sia quelle accertate, ovvero Antichita' giudaiche di Flavio Giuseppe, scritta nel 93-94 A.D. circa, e Guerra giudaica, scritta tra il 69 ed il 79 A.D., oggetto dell'analisi nel terzo capitolo, che quelle meno esplorate, quali la Bibbia e i drammi medievali inglesi; entrambi le fonti sono oggetto dell'analisi nel quarto capitolo. Infatti, una volta approntato l'apparato storico-teorico-critico, entro nel vivo della fase di analisi del testo ed il confronto diretto con le suddette fonti. La tragedia di Cary, a quanto pare, non e' solo un documento storico e socio-politico, che stabilisce l'affiliazione di Cary alle convenzioni letterarie del periodo; puo' anche essere considerata un testo che dimostra le capacita' letterarie di Cary nel rielaborare le importanti fonti storiche sul secondo matrimonio di Erode il Grande, oltre che integrare numerosi elementi nella messa in scena early modern di Erode dalle fonti bibliche e testi teatrali inglesi medievali, di cui Erode fu un indiscusso protagonista. Ogni rivisitazione del mito deve essere considerata come esempio a se stante, specie quando le dinamiche della trama differiscono a volte dal punto di partenza; per questo motivo l'analisi del terzo capitolo serve a ricordare in prima battuta quanto la trama della tragedia di Cary sia relativamente simile al racconto originale di Flavio Giuseppe, per ora considerato l'unica fonte primaria certa di Mariam. Questo studio costituisce la base per un'analisi piu' approfondita della figura di Erode, in particolare, nel quarto capitolo, in quanto risulta essere l'unico protagonista caratterizzato da una massiccia presenza in molteplici testi, scritti prima di Mariam. Sembrerebbe, infatti, che i vari Herod-protagonisti dei racconti biblici abbiano potuto ulteriormente rafforzare il modo di mettere in scena il personaggio di Cary. Inoltre, nel Quattrocento e Cinquecento inglese, numerosi testi teatrali a sfondo biblico si occuparono della figura di Erode, ed il successo che riscossero, resero questo personaggio un autentico punto di riferimento nella storia della letteratura inglese. Dietro il mito di Erode ci fu l'evoluzione di un archetipo; cambiarono gli eventi storici, si modificarono i modi di metterlo in scena, riproponendo tuttavia la sua leggenda; questa considerazione mi ha quindi spinta ad interrogarmi su quanto questo fenomeno avrebbe potuto influenzare la messa in scena di Erode da parte di Cary. Lo scopo della mia analisi e' infatti dimostrare che Cary, a quanto pare, fece ampio uso di svariati testi su Erode; l'autrice riorganizzo' e reinvento' il materiale disponibile su Erode. Il re divenne cosi per Cary un personaggio che raccoglie in se' determinate caratteristiche da diverse fonti, ovvero quelle che alla scrittrice sembrarono essere degne di potenziamento, come il rancore, la rabbia, la feroce volonta' di vendicarsi, ma anche il suo amore senza confini verso Mariamme, che prima di svolgere una qualsiasi funzione sociale, in quanto elementi di una metafora letteraria, servirono sostanzialmente a ricordare il mito stesso.

In reading The story of Edgar Sawtelle, this essay applies posthuman studies with animal studies and disability studies to analyse how the communication between species occur and how boundaries are expanded. Non-verbal language is closely examined and argued to be just as viable as verbal language in the making of relationships and subjects in literature. By applying posthumanism, biological research and a non-anthropocentric way of thinking one can evolve from the notion that humans are the only subjects which matter, something that has been verified because non-human animals never have been given a voice or an acknowledgment of a language. What happens in a novel when the main protagonist is lacking the ability to speak verbally, when verbal language is what has constructed human exceptionalism over all the other species?
Denna uppsats tillämpar posthumanistiska studier med djurstudier och funktionshinder-studier för att analysera hur kommunikationen mellan arter äger rum och expanderar gränser i David Wroblewskis roman The Story of Edgar Sawtelle. Icke-verbalt språk undersöks och argumenteras vara lika betydande som verbalt språk vid skapandet av relationer och subjekt i litteratur. Genom att applicera posthumanism, biologisk forskning och ett icke-antropocentriskt sätt att tänka kan man avveckla tanken om att människan är det enda subjekt som räknas, detta är något som enbart verifierats eftersom icke-mänskliga djur aldrig fått någon agens eller bekräftande att de har rätten till en röst. Vad händer i en roman när protagonisten saknar förmågan till verbalt språk, när det verbala språket är central som verkning i mänsklig exceptionalism?

L'afrique est un objet inepuisable de fantasmes dans le roman et la nouvelle britanniques de l'entre-deux-guerres. En particulier dans le out of africa (1957) de blixen, elle represente la sterilite des efforts et de la quete insatisfaite. Pour le an outpost of progress (1984) de conrad, l'afriqueest fantome eu egard a l'ambiguite. D'apres le mister johnson (1985) de cary, elle est une sorciere pour l'acculturation de johnson. Dans le the flame trees of thika (1987) de huxley et dans le remote people (1986) de waugh, l7afrique est l'initiatrice du britannique. Or au moment meme ou l'europe vit des crises de valeurs a l'entre-deux-guerres, les britanniques revaient de batir une nouvelle frate rnite ailleurs. Mais ce que cette these veut demontrer, c'est que ce qui est reellement mis en jeu dans les representati ons de l'afrique et de l'africain, c'est tout le probleme de l'alterite, de l'etranger, de l'autre, ignore ou vecu comme l'ennemi. L'afrique change et l'europe aussi. La rencontre evolue et elle se transforme au fil de l'histoire. Devant un vide de l'afrique, les europeens se retrouvent devant leur propre vide existentiel. Alors ils s'interrogent et ils debouchent sur une interrogation profonde de l'identite culturelle de l'europeen. Mais dans ce questionnement, c'est l'afrique qui s'adresse a l'europe jusqu'a amener les personnages souvent au bord du desespoir ou du suicide comme chez conrad. Or, non seulement l'ecrivain britannique est maitre de fait dans la relation coloniale, mais il est aussi maitre de la narration et chef du recit en tant qu'ecrivain. D'ou une serie de manipulations interminables de l'africain, ou de l'europeen, pour recueillir ce que le pouvoir structurel refuse d'assembler. Aussi, les sont-elles vouees a l'echec en termes de relations humaines. Cette these qui s'appuie sur des outils d'analyses tels que anthropologie, histoire et des donnees de narratologie, aboutit a une problematique finale, a savoir quels ont ete, quels sont et quels pourraient etre les rapports entre colonisateur et colonise, britannique et africain, entre la grande bretagne et ses ex-colonies, entre l'europe et l'afrique
Africa is an unfailing fantasy source int he british novel and short story between the wars. Especially in blixen's out of africa (1954), africa symbolizes the barren efforts and the unsatisfied quest. In an outpost of progress (1984) by conrad, it is a ghost. With cary's mister johnson (1985), africa is featured as a witch as regards johnson's cultural hybridity. In huxley's the flame trees of thika (1987) and waugh's remote people (1986), it is felt as an initiator by the briton, but as europe is experiencing crises of value between the wars, britons wanted to bind a new fraternity elsewhere, but we try to indicate that the representations given of africa and of africans put nothing at stake but the whole question of the alterity, of the alien, of the other, unknown or felt as the enemy. Africa is changing, so is europe. Their meeting moves around, and changes follow the treads of history, but facing a voi d in africa, europeans are confronted with their own existential vacuum, which entails an exploration of the self, and they happen to question european cultural identity. But finally in their query, it is africa that consults europe to the point of leading the characters very often into the fringes of desperation or even suicide, for instance by conrad. The british writer is not only an authority within the colonial network, but also he is the holder of the narration and the master of the relation of events. So he handles the african or the european in order to gather what structural power refuses to blend. The perceptions of the other are thus donned to fail in terms of human relations. Our thesis which bases itself on such fields as anthropology, history and facts of narratology ends at a final question to know what have been, what are and what could be the relationships between the colonizer and the colonized, british and african, between great britain and her ex-colonies, between europe and africa

I seguenti capitoli affrontano il processo di innovazione che sta vivendo l’industria automobilistica con l’avvento della connettività, sempre più diffusa all’interno dei veicoli, siano essi nuovi o usati. Il tema della connettività è diventato una grande opportunità per molte aziende, sia per quelle già presenti nel mercato automotive sia per le start-up innovative nate per soddisfare questi bisogni. La connettività nei veicoli apporta nuove possibilità per tutti gli attori presenti, dai produttori di veicoli alle concessionarie, dalle officine alle assicurazioni, dagli automobilisti ai gestori di flotte e infrastrutture. Questo è un caso studio di un'azienda industriale italiana, TEXA S.p.A, che ha creduto nel business della connettività auto creando una soluzione ad hoc installabile in tutte le vetture che supportano lo standard OBD. Lo scopo di questo studio è, oltre che a fornire una panoramica dei benefici che gli attori coinvolti possono trarre, di analizzare la strategia che TEXA ha implementato durante il processo di revisione del progetto di connettività in auto. Questo studio mira a generare utili strategie da poter applicare nella ridefinizione del modello di business adottato da un’azienda per commercializzare con successo un prodotto che differisce dall’attuale mix di prodotti, sia perché si rivolge a una clientela differente sia perché presenta delle caratteristiche tecniche non condivise da altri prodotti.

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This dissertation aims to investigate how the Charlotte Brontë s literary project presents in the novel, Jane Eyre (1847), through female authorship, and, as its transposition into Cinema, the movie version by Cary Joji Fukunaga´s Jane Eyre (2011) occurs. The literary project of the author focuses on the issue of gender and its concern was to give voice to the women of her time. The director´s project for this movie comes from melodrama to the triumph of love search. The purpose of analysis is to understand how the interpretation of this source-novel occurs in the 21st century, with the aim of examining how this story is reread, seeking current interpretive understanding of the novel through the film. Thus, this study will demonstrate the importance of the periodization as proposed by Jameson (1992) for the reading of the novel and its transcreation, according to Campos (2004), considering the relationship between economic s, political, social and aesthetic characteristics of each period, as also teaches Candido (1967). The research was developed through the reading the novel, of the theoretical works about the author as well as the director and analysis of filmic narrative.
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo demonstrar como o projeto literário de Charlotte Brontë se apresenta no romance Jane Eyre (1847), por meio da autoria feminina, como ocorre sua transposição para o Cinema, na versão fílmica, de Cary Joji Fukunaga, Jane Eyre (2011). O projeto literário da autora concentra-se na questão de gênero e sua preocupação foi a de dar voz à mulher de seu tempo. O projeto do diretor para esse filme parte do melodrama para o triunfo da busca pelo amor. O intuito de análise é perceber como ocorre a interpretação desse romance-fonte no século XXI, com o objetivo de analisar como essa história é relida, buscando a compreensão interpretativa desse romance-fonte na atualidade pelo olhar fílmico. Neste âmbito, este estudo demonstrará a importância da periodização conforme proposto por Jameson (1992) para a leitura do romance e de sua transcriação, de acordo com Campos (2004), considerando as relações entre as características econômicas, políticas, sociais e estéticas de cada período, conforme também nos ensina Candido (1967). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio da leitura do romance, de obras teóricas sobre a autora e o diretor e análise da narrativa cinematográfica.

End of life conversations are challenging in all health care settings, and health care providers’ (HCPs) fears about holding end of life conversations are a barrier to quality patient centred care. This study explored HCPs’ experiences using a conversation “companion card” to structure end of life discussions and sought to understand HCPs’ experiences with goals of care (GOC) conversations. A theoretical perspective of relational ethics and a research methodology of Interpretive Description (ID) guided this research study. The methodology produced a qualitative description of experiences from a sample of HCPs. Over a two month period, the researcher gathered data during four semi-structured focus groups with twenty one participants at one urban acute care setting in Western Canada. In addition to focus groups the researcher relied on other processes to enhance her reflexivity, including journaling and memos; all of which are essential to ID inquiry. The findings of this study centre around four themes relating to participants’ experiences discussing GOC and the usefulness of the companion card in discussions. These themes are titled, the big struggle; responsibility; building relationships and the utility of the GOC companion card. Recommendations from this study addressed the need for research into the ethics of discussing GOC with patients and families with life limiting illnesses; organisational prioritisation ensuring therapeutic GOC discussions take place; incorporation of GOC discussions in educational programs across all health care sectors; and policy reform to ensure community care services can support ongoing GOC conversations.

Urbanization has been a growing trend in the past fifty years. Cities are now transforming into smart cities, spaces whose infrastructure comprises an embedded digital layer. Hardware collects real-time data in the urban environment and software elaborates it to improve all types of services, from traffic to waste management to well-being. One technology that is expected to use this digital layer to further change the urban environment is the autonomous car. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore what key design attributes future autonomous cars should possess if they have not only to co-exist with and be accepted by people in the landscape of tomorrow’s smart cities, but also what they should not possess in order not to cause any harm. In this sense, the dissertation recognizes calm technology to be necessary in the design of a future autonomous car to support a human-centered, as opposed to a car- or technology-centered, environment. A socio-technical and systemic lens is applied to the phenomenological investigation of nine companies carried out by means of twelve in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts working within the automotive sector, the smart city industry, and calm technology. Eight attributes (safety, on-demand, geo-tracking, sharing, multiple purposes, communication through smart devices, electrical care and IoT/connectedness) are identified as necessary for future autonomous cars to implement in order to take advantage of the smart city infrastructure and provide a human-centered experience. Additionally, six out of the eight calm technology principles recognized in literature are considered necessary when designing future autonomous cars.

This thesis is a step forward in travel time prediction for bus using data fusion. This study develops two models comprising a probabilistic model of the disturbance on the bus network and an accurate and reliable bus travel time prediction model that explicitly considers the bus-car interaction and dynamic passenger demand. The findings from this research can help develop real time traveller information systems and decision support systems to improve the quality of service provided to bus passengers.↲

We experience our world through the mobile unit that is our body. As we move through space we are experiencing the riches that make up life. We meet new friends, travel new roads, and see wondrous sights. If architecture is used as a tool to encourage these movements it stands to be conceived that architecture can promote the enrichment of life.

This project investigated the origin of ancient continents (more than 2.5 billion years old) that are often thought to form by shallow melting in the Earth’s mantle. Here, modelling and analysis of rock chemistry show deep melting is much more likely to produce the rocks and minerals observed, including minerals trapped in diamonds. A new formation model for ancient continents is presented that can explain the hottest lavas to ever erupt on Earth, and the association of diamonds with very chemically depleted rocks.

How do firms tend to their current viability while remaining competitive in the long-term? This question lays out the basis for this thesis by highlighting their conflicting logics through the concept of organizational ambidexterity. Literature makes a distinction between competing in mature markets and existing technologies (exploitation) versus new markets and new technologies (exploration). The preponderance of studies shows that, as firms grow larger, they tend to form core rigidities in their culture, structure and processes that hamper their efforts to adapt to the changing environment. By overemphasizing exploitative activities, future challenges or opportunities remain unexplored which can have a devastating effect in the event of radical, external changes. The cases of Nokia and Kodak should serve as cautionary tales in this regard. The automotive industry is currently undergoing a transition to electric cars. We conduct a case study at Volvo Cars from a senior leadership perspective, to illustrate the importance of exploration and how it can be legitimized during an industry transformation. Our work points to three major findings. First, communicating the importance of the transformation with the rest of the organization is imperative to creating goal alignment. Secondly, interorganizational collaboration in R&D helps Volvo to tap into knowledge that resides outside the organization and thereby increasing the chances of a successful transition to electric cars. Thirdly, agile management contributes to knowledge diffusion and is a powerful tool to counter organizational inertia by adding to firms’ speed and responsiveness, making them act more similarly to smaller, entrepreneurial firms.

The background for this thesis is the dramatic growth in travel demand that has taken place in developed countries in the last decades, and is gathering speed at the global level. This goes in hand in hand with a dramatic increase in motorisation and car use. This phenomenon is the object of Chapter 1.Increasing mobility and motorisation has raised two kinds of concerns, corresponding to two research fields. Concerns for the environmental consequences of transport are behind the concept of environmentally sustainable transport. Transport contributes to both climate change emissions and oil depletion, arguably two of the most important environmental challenges of the 21st century. However, as mobility grows, society (and urban structure) adapts itself: the result is that being able to cover great distances at sufficient speed has become paramount. In other words, mobility and accessibility have become key factors for social inclusion, resulting in new forms of social inequality and/or reinforcing existing ones. In the theoretical part of this thesis (Part I), these two fields of research are reviewed. Chapter 1 discusses the environmental consequences of increasing motorisation, as well as policies for environmentally sustainable transport. Also, different approaches to the study of increasing motorisation (car ownership modelling, the ‘travel and the built environment’ debate and the concept of car dependence) are reviewed. Chapter 2 introduces the field of transport and social exclusion research, and reviews policies to tackle transport disadvantage. Interestingly, these two fields of research have remained quite separate until very recently. Arguably, this is a problem, for at least three reasons: firstly both concerns arise from a common problem, i.e. the increasing demand for (car) travel; secondly, the leading policy concept of ‘sustainable transport’ includes both environmental and social goals (as well as economic ones); finally, literature in both fields provides numerous examples of instances where there is a trade-off or a latent tension between environmental and social goals (as discussed in Chapter 2). This in turn is arguably a strong barrier to the implementation of sustainable transport policies. At the theoretical level, the goal of this thesis is to put forward an integrated framework to conceptualise the social and environmental consequences of increasing motorisation, and their interrelationships. To do this, I use the concept of car dependence. Since it has mostly been used in studies concerned with the environmental consequences of increasing motorisation, the notion is introduced in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, I put forward a typology of forms of car-related transport disadvantage, and illustrate how they arise from the process of increasing car dependence. In Chapter 3, I put forward an original working definition of car dependence, aimed at reconciling the two concerns and highlighting the role that the different forms of car-related transport disadvantage play in the self-reinforcing cycle of increasing motorisation. All throughout the theoretical chapters, the emphasis is on the spatial dimension of car dependence: urban structure and the built environment adapt to increasing motorisation, and this results in further motorisation, thus creating a self-reinforcing cycle with both environmental and social consequences. The research object of this thesis is households without cars. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, it is located at the intersection of the two research fields. From an environmental perspective, carless households have been studied as examples of environmentally sustainable behaviour. Notably, existing research has sought to identify households who choose to live without cars, exploring their motivations and trying to understand how to encourage carfree living. By contrast, in transport and social exclusion research, lack of car access has been considered as the most important form of transport disadvantage in developed societies. Accordingly, studies have focused on the exclusionary consequences of living without cars. Overall, studies on environmentally sustainable transport focus on a type of carless that is quite different from that considered by research into transport and social exclusion: an inadvertent outcome of this situation is that the overall view of the sheer variety of situations that cause people to live without cars is lost. By contrast, I argue in this thesis that there is a need to focus on the composition of the carless group as a whole, and on how it varies over time and space. The empirical work illustrated in Part III of this thesis is organized around two research questions, and both deal with the composition of the carless households group. Notably, the research questions are derived from the ‘car dependence’ theoretical framework, as illustrated in Chapter 3. In a nutshell, the idea behind both research questions is that there is a relationship between the degree of car dependence of a given (local) society and the composition of the carless households group. The two research questions adopt different approaches to explore the relationship between car dependence and the composition of the carless households group. Question 1 adopts a synchronic perspective, by comparing types of area with different levels of car dependence at the same moment in time. Differences in the composition of the carless group across different types of area are explored, with reference to the following four areas: socio-demographics, reasons for not owning cars, travel behaviour and accessibility to services and opportunities. Based on the results of previous research, the different types of area are assumed to correspond to different degrees of car dependence. Question 2 adopts a diachronic perspective by comparing the composition of the carless households group at different moments in time. The assumption is that, given the continuing process of increasing motorisation, car dependence is higher at a later moment in time. In this case, only the socio-demographic composition of the carless household group has been explored. In accordance with the tradition of the Doctoral Programme in Urban and Local European Studies at the University of Milan-Bicocca, the empirical work has focused on two case studies: Germany and Great Britain. Information about the countries (with reference to transport and spatial planning policies and previous research on car ownership trends and households without cars) is provided in Part II (chapters 4 and 5). Both research questions have been explored for both case studies, and the empirical results are illustrated in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7. The research strategy adopted is quantitative secondary analysis of national travel surveys (Mobilität in Deutschland and National Travel Survey). For the synchronic analysis, I used data from the 2008 wave of MiD and a pooled sample (2002-2010) for NTS. For the diachronic analysis, I compared data from the 2002 and 2008 waves of MiD, and single waves of the continuous NTS survey over the period 2002-2010. The data analysis techniques employed include, beside descriptive analysis, (multinomial) logistic regression, cluster analysis and latent class analysis. All techniques are described in detail in Appendix A in Part V. Appendix B and C report the details of the data analysis for both case studies, as well as technical details for both national travel surveys. Part IV consists of a single concluding chapter, including two sections. Firstly, the empirical evidence for the two case studies is brought together and discussed in light of the research questions and hypotheses. Secondly, the empirical results are discussed in light of the theoretical and policy debates outlined in Part I and II. In the following, I outline the main empirical results of this thesis. - firstly, the carless households group is considerably more concentrated among marginal social groups in low density and peripheral (‘car dependent’) types of area. To put it simply, this means that the composition of the carless group is a good indicator for the level of car dependence of a local area. More formally stated, this means that the strength of the association between non-car ownership and its socio-demographic determinants increases as the degree of urbanity decreases. This is a novel conclusion, and sits alongside the results of previous research suggesting that the car is more of a necessity in low density areas - secondly, the ‘mobility gap’ and the ‘accessibility gap’ of carless households (as compared to car-owning households) increase as the degree of urbanity decreases. Also, results for the British case study suggest that carless individuals are more likely to rely on car lifts, taxis and other motorised transport modes in the most car dependent areas. However, in-depth analysis shows that all of these results are also the by-product of the varying socio-demographic composition of the carless group across different types of area - thirdly, carless households in low density areas are more likely to mention age and health-related constraints as reasons for not owning a car. Conversely, they are less likely to mention choice and lack of need. However, perhaps counterintuitively, it is carless households in compact cities who are the most likely to be carless for economic reasons These empirical results contribute to theoretical and methodological debates in both fields of research (environmentally sustainable transport and transport and social exclusion research). Notably: - by showing the variety of conditions associated with non-car ownership, I counter the assumption that lack of car access per se leads to serious transport disadvantage. While the goal of this thesis was not to identify those carless households who are transport disadvantaged, distinguishing them from those who are not, the empirical results suggest that not owning cars might result in very different forms of disadvantage, ranging from virtual immobility to reliance on others for car lifts to time poverty (as a result of lengthy commutes with alternative modes). This thesis shows that these different forms of non-car ownership are not distributed randomly, but follow a spatial pattern: therefore, it might serve as a blueprint for future studies based on ad-hoc surveys or adopting a qualitative approach - the empirical chapters bring to light the peculiar features and the complex structure of the carless households group. Indeed, this population is: concentrated among marginal social groups; concentrated in large cities and in the most densely populated areas; more concentrated among marginal social groups in suburban and rural areas and where population density is low (a novel conclusion). Arguably, this increases the risk of drawing wrong or misleading conclusions when comparing means between the car-owing and the carless population. In other words, the complex structure of the carless households group has methodological implications for future research - the empirical results about the reasons for not owning cars suggest that the emphasis of existing research on questions of choice is misplaced. The data do not show a continuum between the poles of choice and constraint, but rather the existence of ‘absolute’ constraints to car ownership (such as those related to old age and health-related mobility difficulties), on one hand, and the complex interweaving of ‘weaker’ economic constraints with choice and lack of need, on the other. Notably, one possible interpretation of the results is that low-income households have to choose between ‘two evils’: lack of car access (with possible implications in terms of reduced accessibility) and the economic stress arising from owning and running a car. Depending on the structural constraints brought about by the built environment, they end up choosing one or the other. In other words, there might be a complementary relationship between two forms of car-related transport disadvantage: car deprivation and car-related economic stress. While this hypothesis is not tested in this thesis, it is put forward for future research To sum up, with this thesis I hope to demonstrate two things. First, it is possible to conceptualize the environmental and the social consequences of transport within a single framework, and to conduct empirical studies that take into account both sides. The key link between the two concerns is the need to own and drive cars. Second, focusing on those who do not own cars is a powerful way to understand better what makes people so reluctant to give up theirs.

I sjuksköterskeprofessionen är omsorg en viktig del. Det används av sjuksköterskor varje dag och är en integral del i det bilaterala förhållandet mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Syftet med denna litteraturgranskning är att undersöka omsorg i omvårdnad samt se om omsorg kan orsaka utbrändhet. Författarna har granskat 11 vetenskapliga studier, gjorda till och med tio år tillbaka runt om i världen. Genom analysering av resultaten identifierades fem huvudteman: patientens syn på god omsorg, patientens syn på dålig omsorg, sjuksköterskans syn på god omsorg, sjuksköterskans syn på dålig omsorg, samt processen och konsekvenserna av utbrändhet.
In the nursing profession, caring is the most essential part. It is used by nurses’ everyday and is an integral part in the responsive nurse-patient relationship. The main aim of this study was to investigate caring in nursing. Furthermore, because of Maslach (1998) statement that close contact within the nurse-patient relationship contributes to burnout in nurses, the authors wanted to investigate studies exploring the cause of burnout in nurses.Additionally, the cause of burnout in nurses is explored. The authors reviewed 11 scientific studies, performed in the past ten years around the world. The results showed that five main themes could be identified. These were: patient’s view of good care, patient’s view of bad care, nurse’s view of good care, nurse’s view of bad care, and the process and consequences of burnout.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2939. Abstract precedes thesis as [1] preliminary leaf. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-92).

Background Asthma is a public health problem in Latin America, where asthmatic children are mainly treated at emergency rooms during acute attacks. These attacks result in loss of lung function and quality of life for the asthmatic child and family, risk of death and high direct and indirect economic costs. In order to improve paediatric asthma management in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, we aimed to identify predictors of recurrent asthma attacks requiring emergency care and to explore the caregivers’ (CGs) and health care workers’ (HCWs) perceptions of barriers and facilitators to asthma health and home care access. Methods First, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies analysing predictors for emergency department (ED) re-attendance or hospital readmission for acute asthma in children was performed. Second, a prospective cohort study of children treated for an asthma attack at an emergency room in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, was undertaken to define the characteristics of these children, determine the rate of ED re-attendance for acute asthma and identify the predictors for this to occur. Third, a qualitative study to explore acute asthma significance and perceived barriers and facilitators for health and home care access from the asthmatic children’s CGs’ and HCWs’ perspective was performed. Results In both the meta-analysis and prospective cohort study, children of a younger age and a history of severe asthma attacks during the previous year were at a greater risk of ED re-attendance for acute asthma. Forty six percent of the children recruited during the prospective cohort suffered a subsequent asthma attack requiring emergency care in the following 6 months. Other identified predictors of ED re-attendance for acute asthma were: existing asthma diagnosis (AOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.19-3.94; AHR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.15-2.39); food triggers (AOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11-3.55); existing eczema diagnosis (AOR: 4.22, 95% CI 1.02-17.54); and urban residence as protective (AHR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.95). Twelve HCWs and 20 CGs participated in the in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, expressing a differing significance of asthma attacks. This difference was also observed between experienced and inexperienced HCWs. Multiple barriers and several facilitators were identified by HCWs and CGs that affect health and home care access for asthmatic children. When shown the predictors of ED-reattendance for acute asthma combined in a risk-assessment tool, both HCWs and CGs reported finding the tool easy to use and understand, as well as a useful aid in the decision-making process concerning asthma treatment and follow-up. Conclusion A combination of several question-based predictors may result in an effective and simple risk-assessment tool to be used at the ED to identify asthmatic children at a higher risk of recurrent severe asthma attacks. Increasing CGs’ and HCWs’ asthma knowledge as well as HCWs’ communication skills, to establish a patient centred approach with a shared decision-making process could mean a difference in the quality of the asthma care in this setting. The use of the described recurrent risk assessment tool could prove useful in this process, as reported by the participants in this study.

Der Begriff Care wird im deutschsprachigen Raum zumeist mit Sorge, Fürsorge, fürsorglicher Praxis oder Sorgearbeit übersetzt. Als gemeinsamer Bezugspunkt theoretischer Konzeptionen kann gelten, dass Care eine spezifische Logik der Relationalität aufweist. Care fungiert in wissenschaftlichen, philosophischen und politischen Kontexten als sensibilisierendes Konzept zur Kategorisierung von Sorge sowie als Analyseinstrument, das auf die Kritik der geschlechtshierarchischen Arbeitsteilung und der kapitalistischen Produktionsverhältnisse gerichtet ist. Empirische Forschungsvorhaben zu Care weisen in ihren Fragestellungen häufig einen expliziten Bezug zur Geschlechterforschung auf.

Car-commercials are something that many people come in contact with on a daily basis. This is a study on commercials for cars and is focusing on visual effects that are made in post-production. In this report we are trying to find out if and how visual effects in commercials for cars affect how the observer remembers them. The second subjects that we use in this report is popularity and we try to find out if and in that case how visual effects affect the commercials for cars popularity. We also investigated how frequently commercials for cars are showed on TV and how the visual effects are in them, it gives a better foundation to the other parts. The methods we applied were interviews, quantitative and qualitative content analysis of car commercials and also observation analysis of the 6 swedish TV-channels that shows commercials and have the most viewers, to get an idea how frequently these commercials are shown. The commercials that were applied in this paper was from late 2011 to early 2012. Interviews were made with people from the ages 16 to 76 years old with an equal distribution of sexes. We used 4 different commercials for cars in our interviews with 4 different degrees of the amount of visual effects. We analyzed 6 Swedish TV-channels that show commercials and that have the most viewers to get an idea about how frequently commercials for car are shown. The result of our research showed us that there was no connection between visual effects and popularity and that a larger amount of visual effects can increase the observers tendency to remember a commercial with 15 percentage. Most commercials from the studied period was without visual effects and 13,3% had a larger amount of visual effects

El constante aumento de las capacidades de los dispositivos móviles ha gatillado un aumento significativo del uso de éstos. Adicionalmente ha aumentado la cantidad de tareas que se utilizan estos dispositivos. La idea principal detrás de la mayoría de estas tareas y funcionalidades incorporadas es ahorrarle tiempo valioso al usuario. En el ámbito de las comunicaciones interpersonales el uso de estos dispositivos es especialmente difundido y da origen a este trabajo. La problemática a resolver es facilitar a los usuarios la oportunidad de encontrarse cara a cara en escenarios de baja conectividad tradicional como es la red internet por ejemplo. El sistema desarrollado, que intenta resolver esta problemática planteada, consiste en la creación de una aplicación que se conecta a una red móvil ad hoc, usando Wi-Fi, la cual no requiere la existencia de una infraestructura de comunicaciones entre dispositivos. El usuario de esta aplicación puede crear una lista de contactos (y grupos de éstos) y fijar una alerta sobre alguno de estos. En el momento en que un contacto marcado se encuentre cerca, el dispositivo avisará al usuario de esto. Se consideró que lo desarrollado pudiese funcionar tanto en equipos móviles de tipo Pocket PC como también en notebooks. Inicialmente se investigó sobre herramientas existentes que se utilizarían para construir la solución propuesta y se realizaron varias pruebas. El producto final de este trabajo de título es una aplicación que funciona en dos sistemas operativos distintos (Microsoft Windows XP y Mobile 5), y permite a una persona individualizarse dentro de una red ah hoc, tener sus propios contactos y ser alertado de la cercanía de éstos. El sistema desarrollado permite al usuario dedicarse a tareas más importantes que coordinar un encuentro cara a cara y existen diversos ámbitos en que puede ser utilizado. Otra particularidad del desarrollo es que se generó un código base que es utilizado por ambas plataformas generadas y que de esta forma se dejan abiertas numerosas posibilidades para trabajos futuros en que sólo deberá ser modificada esta base para lograr las mejoras deseadas en las plataformas mencionadas.