Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cartons Classification'
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Lewis, Hannah M. "Real Simple Lie Algebras: Cartan Subalgebras, Cayley Transforms, and Classification." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6900.
Full textMiller, Marco. "Classification de cartes topographiques matricielles numérisées avec un scanneur : développement d'un algorithme." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/MQ26595.pdf.
Full textANOUAR, FATIHA. "Modélisation probabilistes des cartes auto-organisées : Application en classification et en régression." Paris, CNAM, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CNAM0256.
Full textMiller, Marco. "Classification de cartes topographiques matricielles numérisées avec un scanneur : développement d'un algorithme." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textProvost, Jean-Noël. "Classification bathymétrique en imagerie multispectrale SPOT." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2009.
Full textIvanova, Miroslava. "An Application of Self-Organizing Maps in the Process of Classification." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/.
Full textPOINCOT, PHILIPPE. "Classification et recherche d'information bibliographique par l'utilisation des cartes auto-organisatrices, applications en astronomie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13215.
Full textGosselin, Stéphane. "Recherche de motifs fréquents dans une base de cartes combinatoires." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838571.
Full textFournel, Arnaud. "Classification automatique de données IRMf : application à l'étude des réseaux de l'émotion." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20066.
Full textIn the last fifteen years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to extract information about cognitive processes location. The information contained in fMRI acquisitions is usually extracted using the general linear model coupled to the statistical inference process. Although this classical method has validated noninvasively most of the lesional models, it suffers from some limitations. To solve this problem, various analysis techniques have emerged and propose a new way of interpreting neuroimaging data. In this thesis, we present two multivariate methods to analyze fMRI data with the least possible a priori. In parallel, we are trying to extract information about brain emotion processing. The first method focuses on the brain functional specialization and the second method on the brain functional connectivity. After results presentation, each method is compared to the so-called classical analysis in terms of extracted information. In addition, emphasis was put on the concept of emotional valence. We try to establish the existence of a possible split between positive and negative valence networks. The consistency of the network is evaluated across both perceptual modalities and stimuli categories. Each of the proposed methods are as accurate as the conventional method and provide new highlights on the studied processes. From the perspective of emotions, our work highlights a shared brain network for positive and negative valences and a consistency of this information in some brain regions across both perceptual modalities and stimuli categories
Leblond, Isabelle. "Recalage à long terme d'images sonar par mise en correspondance de cartes de classification automatique des fonds." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2004.
Full textThis study deals with sea-floor localization problem by using sidescan sonar images. Here, we assume that the considered seafloor areas have previously been mapped. The size of each considered seafloor area is over a hundred square metres and the images can be recorded with different courses. A direct matching of theses images is obviously unacceptable. Therefore, we consider a two step method : extraction of symbolic data named “landmarks” and a matching process. Before these two steps, we begin by presenting the different data. We particularly focus on the physics of the seafloor, in order to grasp the different types of usable landmarks. We present also the problematic of sonar registration, both in terms of difficulties and proposed solutions to solve them. A second part is devoted to the preprocessing of the data : correction of the TVG (Time Varying Gain) by a normalization of the images according to the grazing angle and the despecklelisation by thresholding on wavelet decomposition. Concerning the landmark extraction, we apply a segmentation/classification of the data. Classifying parameters extracted from a Gabor wavelet decomposition are used to realize a classification by the nearest neighbour in several stages. The obtained landmarks contain different kinds of seafloor and their boundaries. The registration is achieved using mainly two steps. The first step is a symbolic registration, where the classification results are matched more an more accurately. The second one is a quantitative registration, where data, extracted directly from images, are matched
Platon, Ludovic. "Algorithms for ab initio identification and classification of ncRNAs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE003/document.
Full textThe non-coding RNA (ncRNA) identification helps to improve our comprehension of biology. We know the biological functions for a majority of ncRNA classes. But, we don't know all the classes of ncRNAs. Besides, the identification of ncRNAs using computational methods is not a trivial task. The relevant features for each class of ncRNAs rely on multiple heterogeneous sources of data (sequences, secondary structure, interaction with other biological components, etc.). During this thesis, we developed methods relying on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM).The SOM is used to analyze and represent the ncRNAs by a map of clusters where the topology of the data is preserved.We proposed a new SOM version called MSSOM which can handle multiple sources of data composed of numerical data or complex data (represented by kernels). MSSOM combines data sources by using a SOM for each source and learns the weights of each source at the cluster level.We also proposed a supervised variant of SOM with rejection called SLSOM. SLSOM is able to identify and classify the known classes using multi layer perceptron and the output of a SOM.The rejection options associated to the output layer allow to reject the unreliable prediction and to identify the potential new classes.These methods lead to the development of bioinformatic tools.We applied a variant of SLSOM to the discrimination of coding and non-coding RNAs. This method called IRSOM has been evaluated on a wide range of species coming from different reigns (plants, animals, bacteria and fungi).By using a simple set of sequence features, we showed that IRSOM is able to separate the coding and non-coding RNAs efficiently.With the SOM visualization and the rejection option, we also highlighted and analyzed some ambiguous RNAs on the human. The second one is called CRSOM.CRSOM classify ncRNAs into sub classes by integrating two data sources which are the sequence k-mer frequencies and a Gaussian kernel using the edit distance. We show that CRSOM give comparable results with the reference tool (nRC) without reject and better results with the rejection option
Hajjar, Chantal. "Cartes auto-organisatrices pour la classification de données symboliques mixtes, de données de type intervalle et de données discrétisées." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0066/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the clustering of symbolic data with bio-inspired geometric methods, more specifically with Self-Organizing Maps. We set up several learning algorithms for the self-organizing maps in order to cluster mixed-feature symbolic data as well as interval-valued data and binned data. Several simulated and real symbolic data sets, including two sets built as part of this thesis, are used to test the proposed methods. In addition, we propose a self-organizing map for binned data in order to accelerate the learning of standard maps, and we use the proposed method for image segmentation
Ambroise, Christophe. "Approche probabiliste en classification automatique et contraintes de voisinage." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD917.
Full textThis thesis proposes new clustering algorithms well suited for data analysis problems where natural constraints appear: preservation of a topology, spatial data. Gaussian mixture models and the estimation of parameters by the EM algorithm constitute the background of the work. The Kohonen Map algorithm introduces the idea of constraint in clustering. We show the relationship between this neural approach and Gaussian mixture models. This leads us to propose a variant of the EM algorithm which has similar behaviour as the Kohonen algorithm and whose convergence is proven. When dealing with spatial data, we consider the following constraint: two objects which are neighbours are more likely to belong to the same class than two objects which are spatially far away. Original algorithms based on the EM algorithm are proposed for taking into account this spatial constraint. These algorithms may be used for seeking a partition of objects which have a geographical location. This encompasses the problem of unsupervised image segmentation. A theoretical link between our approach and Markov random field models is established. The proposed methods are compared and illustrated by means of applications based on real data
Derksen, Dawa. "Classification contextuelle de gros volumes de données d'imagerie satellitaire pour la production de cartes d'occupation des sols sur de grandes étendues." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30290.
Full textThis work studies the application of supervised classification for the production of land cover maps using time series of satellite images at high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions. On this problem, certain classes such as urban cover, depend more on the context of the pixel than its content. The issue of this Ph.D. work is therefore to take into account the neighborhood of the pixel, to improve the recognition rates of these classes. This research first leads to question the definition of the context, and to imagine different possible shapes for it. Then comes describing the context, that is to say to create a representation or a model that allows the target classes to be recognized. The combinations of these two aspects are evaluated on two experimental data sets, one on Sentinel-2 images, and the other on SPOT-7 images
Neut, Sylvain. "Implantation et nouvelles applications de la méthode d'équivalence de Cartan." Lille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL10074.
Full textBen, Mustapha Zied. "Télédétection des groupes phytoplanctoniques via l'utilisation conjointe de mesures satellites, in situ et d'une méthode de classification automatique." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0405/document.
Full textRemote sensing of ocean color is a powerful tool for monitoring phytoplankton in the ocean with a high spatial and temporal resolution. Several methods were developed in the past years for detecting phytoplankton functional types from satellite observations. In this thesis, we present an automatic classification method, based on a neural network clustering algorithm, in order to classify the anomalies of water leaving radiances spectra (Ra), introduced in the PHYSAT method by Alvain et al. (2005) and analyze their variability at the global scale. The use of an unsupervised classification aims at improving the characterization of the spectral variability of Ra in terms of shape and amplitude as well as the expansion of its potential use to larger in situ datasets for global phytoplankton remote sensing. The Self-Organizing Map Algorithm (SOM) aggregates similar spectra into a reduced set of pertinent groups, allowing the characterization of the Ra variability, which is known to be linked with the phytoplankton community composition. Based on the same sample of Ra spectra, a comparison between the previous version of PHYSAT and the new one using SOM shows that is now possible to take into consideration all the types of spectra. This was not possible with the previous approach, based on thresholds, defined in order to avoid overlaps between the spectral signatures of each phytoplankton group. The SOM-based method is relevant for characterizing a wide variety of Ra spectra through its ability to handle large amounts of data, in addition to its statistical reliability compared to the previous PHYSAT. The former approach might have introduced potential biases and thus, its extension to larger databases was very restricted. In a second step, some new Ra spectra have been related to phytoplankton groups using collocated field pigments inventories from a large in situ database. Phytoplankton groups were identified based on biomarker pigments ratios thresholds taken from the literature. SOM was then applied to the global daily SeaWiFS imagery archive between 1997 and 2010. Global distributions of major phytoplankton groups were analyzed and validated against in situ data. Thanks to its ability to capture a wide range of spectra and to manage a larger in situ pigment dataset, the neural network tool allows to classify a much higher number of pixels (2 times more) than the previous PHYSAT method for the five phytoplankton groups taken into account in this study (Synechococcus-Like-Cyanobacteria, diatoms, Prochloroccus, Nanoeucaryots and Phaeocystis-like). In addition, different Ra spectral signatures have been associated to diatoms. These signatures are located in various environments where the inherent optical properties affecting the Ra spectra are likely to be significantly different. Local phenomena such as diatoms blooms in the upwelling regions or during climatic events(i.e. La Nina) are more clearly visible with the new method. The PHYSAT-SOM method provides several perspectives concerning the use of the ocean color remote sensing data for phytoplankton group identification, such as, the potential application of the method in Case 2 waters, using an appropriate nLw signal normalization approach. A preliminary case study in the English Channel and North Sea waters is presented in the last chapter of the thesis, showing the possibility of a future use of PHYSAT-SOM in these optically complex waters
Cagnasso, Richard. "L’apport des écoles italiennes dans les premières cartes de l’Océanie." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0059.
Full textOur research deals with the Italian cartography of Oceania, between 1790 and 1850. Its development is followed through dialogues and conflicts with the other European countries, mainly with France, intimately binding them with discussions over first place names on maps (the invention of Oceania, Micronesia, Melanesia, Mondo Marittimo), including the very first classifications of peoples stated by the same geographers who wanted to add classifications to geographical names, thus allowing to distinguish between peoples, human diversities, races: Pinkerton, Malte-Brun, Dumont d’Urville, Galanti, Balbi, Borghi, de Luca and Marmocchi. There’s a succession of three sections. In the first section, we are studying the works of the cabinet geographers in England and France before examining in detail the Italian schools. Conversely, we are watching these geographers who were navigator-explorers, starting first with sixteenth-century Italy then having a short overview of the attempts made to name the whole of Oceania (“The fifth part of the globe”, etc.) and its regions. The study of the Italian schools is taking us into the cities of Milan, Venice, Rome, Florence and Naples, as well as into these navigator-explorers’ places of exchange (academies, literary societies), taking into account who the major publishers or geographer publishers were. The second section is dedicated to the links between the geographers on a European level: the relationship between the Italians and their neighbors, mostly French and English, sometimes German. We are also looking at the way knowledge spreads and is debated upon with Adriano Balbi shaping a sort of breadcrumbs trail: first, chronology of publications and new names, with the special cases of the inventions of Ulimaroa, Ocean Lands, Notasia, and the withdrawal of Magellania, next the discussions on the names Oceanica-Oceania, Maritime World-Mondo Marittimo then, Balbi’s choices, the Italian inventions of « Meganesia, Micronesia », the discussions on the classification of the peoples, from Balbi to Dumont d’Urville and the way most of the Italian schools kept away from Dumont d’Urville’s pattern for a good 20 years. The third section documents and details the Italian geographers’ appropriations: Meganesia, Micronesia, Mondo Marittimo. This study shows the extreme interlocking of dialogues and conflicts among the Italian geographers themselves but also with their French and English counterparts. Regarding the appropriation of the word « Micronesia », it also leads us to observe closely the part played by Dumont d’Urville at the time, his very specific way to impose his views, excluding the other geographers’ opinions. We shall see that there is no doubt whatsoever about the motives leading to his famous 1832 map of Oceania so often considered as a map-based suggestion while we can doubtlessly show that it was the product of a theory on races. This clarification will be notably enhanced by the added study of a long text written by Dumont d’Urville, a manuscript drafted in 1825-1826, which remained incomplete and unpublished but reviewed and transcribed in this research. Our conclusion allows us to stay in the Italian cartographic world, to grasp the way a map may well impose a point of view, leading us from Oceania to Italy. Indeed, three of the four main Italian geographers we followed were also prominent protagonists in a cartography serving the political building up of a united Italy (Risorgimento) and we shall comment upon the power that a map may occasionally play
La nostra ricerca si concentra sulla cartografia italiana dell'Oceania tra il 1790 e il 1850, ma segue il suo sviluppo attraverso dialoghi (e conflitti) con altri paesi europei, e in particolare con la Francia, e collegando intimamente le discussioni sui primi toponimi collocati sulle carte geografiche (le invenzioni di Oceania, Micronesia, Meganesia, Mondo Marittimo, ecc.) con le prime classificazioni dei popoli formulate dai questi stessi geografi che volevano aggiungere ai nomi geografici delle classificazioni che consentissero di distinguere i popoli, le varietà umane, le “razze”: Pinkerton, Malte-Brun, Dumont d’Urville, Galanti, Balbi, Borghi, de Luca and Marmocchi. Tra parti si succedono. Nella prima, osserviamo il lavoro dei geografi di gabinetto in Inghilterra e in Francia prima di osservare nei minimi particolari le scuole italiane. In contrappunto, osserviamo i geografi che furono navigatore-esploratori, a partire dall'Italia del XVI secolo, poi una rapida rassegna dei tentativi di dare un nome all'intera Oceania (la "quinta parte del mondo" ecc.) e le sue regioni. Il studio delle scuole italiane ci porta elle città: Milano, Venezia, Roma, Roma, Firenze e Napoli, nonché ai loro luoghi di scambio (accademia, gabinetto letterario), guardando pure chi furono i grandi editori o geografi-editori. Finiremo questa prima parte con in confronto alle teorie proposte in Francia, Inghilterra e Italia per la classificazione dei popoli, in generale e in Oceania in particolare, a seconda che il tipo di discriminazione scelto fosse la lingua, le "nazioni" od ancora le "razze". La seconda parte è dedicata ai rapporti tra geografi a livello europeo: i rapporti che gli italiani intrattengono con i loro vicini, soprattutto francesi e inglesi, e talvolta tedeschi, ed si osserviamo la maniera in cui la conoscenza è diffusa e discussa, con Adriano Balbi come filo conduttore: cronologia delle pubblicazioni, delle denominazione, i casi particolari delle invenzioni di Ulimaroa, Terres Océaniques, Notasie, e l'abbandono di Magellania, poi gli scambi sui termini Oceanic-Oceania, il Mondo Marittimo e le scelte di Balbi, la creazione italiana di Meganesia e Micronesia, le discussioni sulla classificazione dei popoli da Balbi a Dumont d'Urville, e su come la maggior parte delle scuole italiane rimane al di fuori del modello di Dumont d'Urville per venti anni. La terza parte ritorna minutamente sulle invenzioni e l’accaparamento dei geografi italiani: Meganesia, Micronesia, Mondo Marittimo. Questa osservazione mostra l'estremo intreccio di dialoghi, o di conflitti, tra i nostri geografi italiani, tra loro e con i loro vicini francesi e inglesi. Essa ci conduce anche, per quanto riguarda l'appropriazione del termine "Micronesia", a guardare da più vicino il ruolo di Dumont d'Urville a questa epoca, il suo modo bene particolare di imporre i suoi punti di vista e di allontanare quelli degli altri geografi, e vedremo che ormai non c'è nessun dubbio per quanto riguarda alle motivazioni che l’hanno condotto alla sua famosa mappa dell'Oceania del 1832, così considerata spesso come una semplice proposta cartografica, mentre ora possiamo misurare fino a che punto fosse interamente il prodotto di una teoria sulle "razze". Questa chiarificazione sarà soprattutto rinforzata par lo studio che aggiungiano a un lungo testo di Dumont d'Urville, un manoscritto che aveva redatto nel 1825-1826, rimasto incompiuto e inedito, che abbiamo analizzato e trascritto.La nostra conclusione ci fa rimanere nell'universo cartografico italiano, e nella maniera in cui una mappa può imporre un punto di vista, ma passando dall'Oceania all'Italia. Infatti, tre dei principali geografi italiani che ci avranno accompagnati durante l'esame delle mappe dell'Oceania furono anche degli attori di primissimo piano nel una cartografia al servizio della costruzione politica di un'Italia unitaria (il Risorgimento) e ci commenteremo questa autorità che la carta può imporre a volte
Achour, Amel. "Contribution à l'étude de la modélisation des connaissances enfantines : mise en oeuvre d'une approche utilisant les cartes auto-organisatrices pour la classification et l'apprentissage." Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS199.
Full textThe research project EmotiRob is one of the companion robots projects, the new tendency of robotics. It aims at conceiving and carrying out a soft toy robot which can interact emotionally with handicapped and fragile children. Works described in this dissertation are an extension of EmotiRob project and address the extending of the robot cognitive abilities so as to implement cognitive interaction with the child. To make the interaction possible, the robot must be endowed with a set of skills similar to those of a young child. We present in this dissertation an approach aiming at modelling children skills in two fields: animals and foods. This approach uses some of the classical clustering algorithms in order to conceive and achieve a childish knowledge modelling that is progressive and consistent with the way children perceive their environment
Pollney, Denis. "Algebraic and numerical techniques in general relativity : the classification of spacetimes via the Cartan-Karlhede method, and Cauchy-characteristic matching for numerically generated spacetimes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393927.
Full textDilmi, Mohamed Djallel. "Méthodes de classification des séries temporelles : application à un réseau de pluviomètres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS087.pdf.
Full textThe impact of climat change on the temporal evolution of precipitation as well as the impact of the Parisian heat island on the spatial distribution of précipitation motivate studying the varaibility of the water cycle on a small scale on île-de-france. one way to analyse this varaibility using the data from a rain gauge network is to perform a clustring on time series measured by this network. In this thesis, we have explored two approaches for time series clustring : for the first approach based on the description of series by characteristics, an algorithm for selecting characteristics based on genetic algorithms and topological maps has been proposed. for the second approach based on shape comparaison, a measure of dissimilarity (iterative downscaling time warping) was developed to compare two rainfall time series. Then the limits of the two approaches were discuddes followed by a proposition of a mixed approach that combine the advantages of each approach. The approach was first applied to the evaluation of spatial variability of precipitation on île-de-france. For the evaluation of the temporal variability of the precpitation, a clustring on the precipitation events observed by a station was carried out then extended on the whole rain gauge network. The application on the historical series of Paris-Montsouris (1873-2015) makes it possible to automatically discriminate "remarkable" years from a meteorological point of view
El, Golli Aïcha. "Extraction de données symboliques et cartes topologiques: application aux données ayant une structure complexe." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178900.
Full textMeas-Yedid, Vannary. "Analyse de cartes scannées : interprétation de la planche de vert : contribution à l'analyse d'images en cartographie." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05S003.
Full textBosdeveix, Robin. "Entre classifications fonctionnelle et phylogénétique : le groupe des végétaux : une reconstruction didactique fondée sur l'histoire des sciences dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants de sciences de la vie et de la Terre." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC051.
Full textThis research explores the dialectics between science education and history of science through the study of biological classifications, focusing on plants, a biological group with multiple meanings and a major historical rectification. This study deals with the training of preservice biology and geology teachers and is structured into three complementary investigations. The first one, with a didactical angle at a national scale, leads to identify seven different conceptions of "Plant" in an open classificatory situation. This survey also allows to study how students think about functional vs. Phylogenetic classification and how they articulate the two perspectives. The second study in history of biology reviews the evolution of ideas in plants systematics since the XIXth century. It focuses on the problems scientists tried to solve by developing their classification systems and the epistemological obstacles they met. The third investigation consists in the development, implementation and analysis of a didactical reconstruction on the basis of historical materials, primarily scientific literature. This experiment provides a deeper understanding of how students think about classifications during a debate and a construction of concept maps. It also aims at characterizing appropriate conditions to use historical and scientific literature for an efficient conceptual learning. The main obstacles in building classifications are synthesized by comparing how they are updated in the educational and historical spheres
Witt, Tilman. "Entwicklung eines Analysealgorithmus zur Erfassung der Materialverteilung tiefgezogener Kartonformteile mittels konfokaler Abstandssensoren." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-222144.
Full textThe present thesis comprises the development and validation of an algorithm for the objec-tive evaluation of data on material distribution alongside the architrave of drawn cardboard shells. The necessary data are obtained through detection of the surface with confocal sensors. The influences of the process parameters on material distribution are investigated with algorithm. Resulting from this data, the basis for the calculation of the tools geometry is developed. The determination of material distribution is accomplished by double-sided optical scanning of the architraves inner and outer surface. The trend of cardboard thickness alongside the architrave is calculated by the subtracion of the inside radius from the outside radius of the cardboard shell. The cardboard thickness describes material distribution. The measures with confocal sensors are approved of examined microtome cuts under microscope and x-ray analyses. Material distribution is characterised by average of the thickness and standard deviation of thickness. The analysis algorithm calculates with sensor data the characteristic values. A higher temprature of the drawing die as the temprature of the drawing box and the sum of temperatures lead to a decrease of the average thickness. The combination of a high die temperature and a high force applied by the blankholder result in a more even material distribution. The identified correlation of average thickness and temperature gradients between the drawing die and the box is discribed by thermal expansion of die and box
Couturier, Stéphane. "EVALUATION DES ERREURS DE CARTES DE VEGETATION AVEC UNE APPROCHE PAR ENSEMBLES FLOUS ET AVEC LA SIMULATION D'IMAGES SATELLITE." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193828.
Full textUne nouvelle méthode est proposée pour l'évaluation de la fiabilité des cartes et une autre méthode pour l'estimation des erreurs de classification par ambiguïtés entre classes sur images satellites. La première méthode comprend un nouveau mode d'échantillonnage et une estimation par ensembles flous des incertitudes positionnelles et thématiques. Elle a été testée sur l'Inventaire Forestier Mexicain de l'an 2000. La deuxième méthode s'appuie sur la simulation d'images satellites avec le modèle de transfert radiatif DART et a été testée sur des images IKONOS de six types de forêts au Mexique, sur terrain plat et en forte pente
Raynaud, Christian. "Esquisse pour une mise en place de la flore de la Méditerranée occidentale à partir de certains taxons critiques de la flore marocaine : Helianthemum (Cistaceae) ; Caralluma (Asclepiadaceae) ; Erinacea (Fabaceae) ; Orchidaceae." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20097.
Full textNait-Chabane, Ahmed. "Segmentation invariante en rasance des images sonar latéral par une approche neuronale compétitive." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968199.
Full textBayoudh, Meriam. "Apprentissage de connaissances structurelles à partir d’images satellitaires et de données exogènes pour la cartographie dynamique de l’environnement amazonien." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0671/document.
Full textClassical methods for satellite image analysis are inadequate for the current bulky data flow. Thus, automate the interpretation of such images becomes crucial for the analysis and management of phenomena changing in time and space, observable by satellite. Thus, this work aims at automating land cover cartography from satellite images, by expressive and easily interpretable mechanism, and by explicitly taking into account structural aspects of geographic information. It is part of the object-based image analysis framework, and assumes that it is possible to extract useful contextual knowledge from maps. Thus, a supervised parameterization methods of a segmentation algorithm is proposed. Secondly, a supervised classification of geographical objects is presented. It combines machine learning by inductive logic programming and the multi-class rule set intersection approach. These approaches are applied to the French Guiana coastline cartography. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the segmentation parameterization, but also its variability as a function of the reference map classes and of the input data. Yet, methodological developments allow to consider an operational implementation of such an approach. The results of the object supervised classification show that it is possible to induce expressive classification rules that convey consistent and structural information in a given application context and lead to reliable predictions, with overall accuracy and Kappa values equal to, respectively, 84,6% and 0,7. In conclusion, this work contributes to the automation of the dynamic cartography from remotely sensed images and proposes original and promising perpectives
Ben, marzouka Wissal. "Traitement possibiliste d'images, application au recalage d'images." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IMTA0271.
Full textIn this work, we propose a possibilistic geometric registration system that merges the semantic knowledge and the gray level knowledge of the images to be registered. The existing geometric registration methods are based on an analysis of the knowledge at the level of the sensors during the detection of the primitives as well as during the matching. The evaluation of the results of these geometric registration methods has limits in terms of the perfection of the precision caused by the large number of outliers. The main idea of our proposed approach is to transform the two images to be registered into a set of projections from the original images (source and target). This set is composed of images called “possibility maps”, each map of which has a single content and presents a possibilistic distribution of a semantic class of the two original images. The proposed geometric registration system based on the possibility theory presents two contexts: a supervised context and an unsupervised context. For the first case, we propose a supervised classification method based on the theory of possibilities using learning models. For the unsupervised context, we propose a possibilistic clustering method using the FCM-multicentroid method. The two proposed methods provide as a result the sets of semantic classes of the two images to be registered. We then create the knowledge bases for the proposed possibilistic registration system. We have improved the quality of the existing geometric registration in terms of precision perfection, reductionin the number of false landmarks and optimization of time complexity
Ovodas, Donatas. "Karinių aeronavigacinių žemėlapių optimizavimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121227_090816-82817.
Full textThis dissertation provides an overall in-depth use evaluation methodology that assists in analysing of military aeronautical maps, sign system and records. On the basis of this research of signs and their conventions an optimised map and content of a unified Lithuanian military aeronautical database structures is suggested for improvement. Methodically prepared research was collected and based on already established and consistent thematic maps, signs and carto-semiotic assessment practices already used in Lithuania. A variety of illustrations and aspect assessments established an accurate and in-depth aeronautical value of signs and their practices. The analysis highlighted that not all carto-semiotic characters and signs of military aeronautical charts meet the criteria, and therefore could be changed. Previous military aeronautical sign analysis and their improvements were based on exercises of psycho-physiological studies of perception with their conclusions. Therefore a set of new aeronautical map characters that fully comply with psycho-physiological research recommendations are proposed. Through the examination of NATO's military aeronautical maps, charts and a look at a unified system of classifications, and its requirements, the dissertation summarises the overall work of the NATO’s military aeronautical maps and their classifications, which provides the possibility of integration for the newly emerging sign and map groups.
Bellas, Anastasios. "Détection d'anomalies à la volée dans des signaux vibratoires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010020.
Full textThe subject of this Thesis is to study anomaly detection in high-dimensional data streams with a specific application to aircraft engine Health Monitoring. In this work, we consider the problem of anomaly detection as an unsupervised learning problem. Modern data, especially those is-sued from industrial systems, are often streams of high-dimensional data samples, since multiple measurements can be taken at a high frequency and at a possibly infinite time horizon. More-over, data can contain anomalies (malfunctions, failures) of the system being monitored. Most existing unsupervised learning methods cannot handle data which possess these features. We first introduce an offline subspace clustering algorithm for high-dimensional data based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, which is also robust to anomalies through the use of the trimming technique. We then address the problem of online clustering of high-dimensional data streams by developing an online inference algorithm for the popular mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers (MPPCA) model. We show the efficiency of both methods on synthetic and real datasets, including aircraft engine data with anomalies. Finally, we develop a comprehensive application for the aircraft engine Health Monitoring domain, which aims at detecting anomalies in aircraft engine data in a dynamic manner and introduces novel anomaly detection visualization techniques based on Self-Organizing Maps. Detection results are presented and anomaly identification is also discussed
Kassouk, Zeineb. "Apports de la télédétection, de la géomatique et du modèle numérique de terrain topo-bathymétrique intégré pour l'aide à la gestion des milieux humides littoraux : application à l'estuaire de la Rance (Ouest de la France) et au lac Ichkeul (Nord de la Tunisie)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1069.
Full textCoastal wetlands are an important component of the natural environment of the coastal zone. Wetlands are affected by hydrologic and geomorphic controls that must be taken into consideration when attempting to understand wetland responses to disturbance, provide information for better wetland management, or aid in the restoration of lost habitat. The functioning of coastal wetlands is a result of complex linking of distinct biological, geomorphologic and human factors interacting in varying scales. Natural water circulation and water quality can altered the natural behaviours of that ecosystem. Remote sensing techniques (pixel based classification methods) and geographic information system are well used herein in monitoring coastal wetlands areas. But they are confronted to many difficulties such as combing together both onshore and offshore data and process and discriminate wetlands from uplands areas. The overall goal of our study is to develop improved methods for wetland monitoring and management in two cases studies those are located in different areas and climate zones, which are : - The Rance estuary in Western France is subject to many morphologic and biological modifications due to the management of the Rance tidal power station since 1966. The construction had required isolating completely open sea from the Rance estuary for more three years. Since that time, some environmental changes took place in the Rance estuary area, such as modifications and disappearance of sandbanks in some areas, leading to a new equilibrium since 1978. - The Ichkeul Lake in the North of Tunisia is one of the most important wetlands in the Mediterranean region. However, the decreasing of water discharge into the lake caused by the damming of three of the six major rivers feeding the lake coincided with severe drought periods, restricting supplies of fresh water, and modifying saltmarsh vegetation communities and other significant wetland degradation. Furthermore, one specific objective of our work is to investigate the capabilities of the object oriented classification methods combined to integrated topographic-bathymetric digital terrain model in those areas. In the case study of the Rance estuary morphological evolution after the settlement of the tidal power station is done by the comparison of the integrated Topographic-Bathymetric Digital Terrain Model (DTM), combining the 1953 bathymetric data, and 1957 topographic ones, with bathymetric profiles acquired in 1982 and 1998. It shows that increase of topography corresponding to accretion is frequently observed in coves characterised by low current energy. In contrast, the places exposed to high currents present generally strong eroded features, which decrease and erode the topography. The meandering of channels has also observed through time. The use of object-oriented classification of aerial photographs, acquired between 1953 and 2002 and the integrated DTM of salt marshes area in the Rance estuary, enhanced their surface regression from 1953 to 1978. It shows their stability since, due to hydrologic modifications induced in the Rance estuary after the tidal power plant management such us the change of tidal range and the period of slack water. In the case study of the Ichkeul, the application of object-oriented classification approach to identify Ichkeul wetland vegetation is based on the following multi-spectral imagery: the MSSLandsat (1972), TM-Landsat (1987), ETM+ Landsat (2001) and Aster-Terra (2007) acquired in growth period of vegetation. Results show the declining of vegetation communities in Ichkeul wetlands exposed to alternative fresh and salt-water diversion. Sarcocornia fruticosa, communities, Hordeum communities are the largest units in the study area. The Bolboschoenus communities is absent in the 1987 and 2001 vegetation maps. This is conformed by previews studies witch are showing that due to dry periods and rivers damming the Bolboschoenus disappeared for many years. The monitoring the lake Ichkuel sedimentation process was done by comparison of five sets of bathymetric data taken in 1967, 1983, 1986, 1993 and 2003. It shows the alteration of sedimentation process in the Ichkeul Lake as behaviour of the coastal zone after the settlement of dams. To conclude, owing to difference of climatic and hydrodynamic characteristics the responses of coastal wetland to natural and human will vary according to difference of their geomorphology and ecology. The Rance estuary seams to have new ecology balance ten years after the settlement of the tidal power station. However, the Ichkeul Lake is still affected by anthropogenic and climatic factors. Therefore, the used methodology provides detailed information on wetland vegetation and adjacent land-use/land-cover types in schorre wetland areas in the cases of the Rance estuary, and the Ichkeul marches areas. This technique is combining both integrated DTM and remote sensing data that is a useful tool for wetland vegetation monitoring and for resolve some major classification confusions that occur in such wetland areas
Lucas, Yvan. "Credit card fraud detection using machine learning with integration of contextual knowledge." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI110.
Full textThe detection of credit card fraud has several features that make it a difficult task. First, attributes describing a transaction ignore sequential information. Secondly, purchasing behavior and fraud strategies can change over time, gradually making a decision function learned by an irrelevant classifier. We performed an exploratory analysis to quantify the day-by-day shift dataset and identified calendar periods that have different properties within the dataset. The main strategy for integrating sequential information is to create a set of attributes that are descriptive statistics obtained by aggregating cardholder transaction sequences. We used this method as a reference method for detecting credit card fraud. We have proposed a strategy for creating attributes based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) characterizing the transaction from different viewpoints in order to integrate a broad spectrum of sequential information within transactions. In fact, we model the authentic and fraudulent behaviors of merchants and cardholders according to two univariate characteristics: the date and the amount of transactions. Our multi-perspective approach based on HMM allows automated preprocessing of data to model temporal correlations. Experiments conducted on a large set of data from real-world credit card transactions (46 million transactions carried out by Belgian cardholders between March and May 2015) have shown that the proposed strategy for pre-processing data based on HMMs can detect more fraudulent transactions when combined with the Aggregate Data Pre-Processing strategy
Bellas, Anastasios. "Détection d'anomalies à la volée dans des flux de données de grande dimension." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944263.
Full textLebboss, Georges. "Contribution à l’analyse sémantique des textes arabes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080046/document.
Full textThe Arabic language is poor in electronic semantic resources. Among those resources there is Arabic WordNet which is also poor in words and relationships.This thesis focuses on enriching Arabic WordNet by synsets (a synset is a set of synonymous words) taken from a large general corpus. This type of corpus does not exist in Arabic, so we had to build it, before subjecting it to a number of pretreatments.We developed, Gilles Bernard and myself, a method of word vectorization called GraPaVec which can be used here. I built a system which includes a module Add2Corpus, pretreatments, word vectorization using automatically generated frequency patterns, which yields a data matrix whose rows are the words and columns the patterns, each component representing the frequency of a word in a pattern.The word vectors are fed to the neural model Self Organizing Map (SOM) ;the classification produced constructs synsets. In order to validate the method, we had to create a gold standard corpus (there are none in Arabic for this area) from Arabic WordNet, and then compare the GraPaVec method with Word2Vec and Glove ones. The result shows that GraPaVec gives for this problem the best results with a F-measure 25 % higher than the others. The generated classes will be used to create new synsets to be included in Arabic WordNet
Masson, Jean-Baptiste. "Sigfried 2 : modèles de mélange censurés et autres méthodes statistiques pour la contribution d'indicateurs spatialisables de la qualité de l'air intérieur dans les logements français." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2003.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis is part of the CIRCE program (Cancer, regional and cantonal environmental inequalities) which aims at comparing maps of cancer occurrence with maps of environmental quality on the French territory. Our specific goal is to build geographic maps of the indoor air quality inside the homes, that are compatible with this approach. We adopted a two-step method: first, build typical profiles of indoor air pollution, then assess these classes’ local frequencies in predefined zones. In the first step, we developed an extension of classical clustering methods, based on Gaussian mixture models and the EM algorithm, to the case of (deterministically) censored data. In the second step, we used non-parametric discrimination tools based on binary decisions trees (CART). Unfortunately, the resulting trees have a very high prediction error rate. Even if known significant associations can be found between indoor pollution and some characteristics of the building and its occupants, it seems very hard to predict the profile, or even a single pollutant’s concentration, from those characteristics. However, our methodology has numerous advantages: simplicity of use, distinct steps enabling a steady control of the results, flexible choice of the variables, availability of a prediction error rate
Landbeck, Chris. "Issues in Subject Analysis and Description of Political Cartoons." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105595.
Full textHauptmann, Marek. "Die gezielte Prozessführung und Möglichkeiten zur Prozessüberwachung beim mehrdimensionalen Umformen von Karton durch Ziehen." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26636.
Full textNdayikengurukiye, Didier. "Estimation de cartes d'énergie de hautes fréquences ou d'irrégularité de périodicité de la marche humaine par caméra de profondeur pour la détection de pathologies." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16178.
Full textThis work presents two new and simple human gait analysis systems based on a depth camera (Microsoft Kinect) placed in front of a subject walking on a conventional treadmill, capable of detecting a healthy gait from an impaired one. The first system presented relies on the fact that a normal walk typically exhibits a smooth motion (depth) signal, at each pixel with less high-frequency spectral energy content than an abnormal walk. This permits to estimate a map for that subject, showing the location and the amplitude of the high-frequency spectral energy (HFSE). The second system analyses the patient's body parts that have an irregular movement pattern, in terms of periodicity, during walking. Herein we assume that the gait of a healthy subject exhibits anywhere in the human body, during the walking cycles, a depth signal with a periodic pattern without noise. From each subject’s video sequence, we estimate a saliency color map showing the areas of strong gait irregularities also called aperiodic noise energy. Either the HFSE or aperiodic noise energy shown in the map can be used as a good indicator of possible pathology in an early, fast and reliable diagnostic tool or to provide information about the presence and extent of disease or (orthopedic, muscular or neurological) patient's problems. Even if the maps obtained are informative and highly discriminant for a direct visual classification, even for a non-specialist, the proposed systems allow us to automatically detect maps representing healthy individuals and those representing individuals with locomotor problems.
Nagy, Theresa. ""Kinder sehen anders": Zur soziologischen Funktionsbestimmung zeitgenössischer Animationsfilme im Spannungsfeld zwischen künstlerischem Anspruch und filmischer Dienstleistung." Master's thesis, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26350.
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