Academic literature on the topic 'Cartography Computer simulation'

Cerebral cartography can be understood in a limited, static, neuroanatomical sense. Temporal information from electrical recordings contributes information on regional interactions adding a functional dimension. Selective tagging and imaging of molecules adds biochemical contributions. Cartographic detail can also be correlated with normal or abnormal psychological or behavioural data. Modern cerebral cartography is assimilating all these elements. Cartographers continue to collect ever more precise data in the hope that general principles of organization will emerge. However, even detailed cartographic data cannot generate knowledge without a multi-scale framework making it possible to relate individual observations and discoveries. We propose that, in the next quarter century, advances in cartography will result in progressively more accurate drafts of a data-led, multi-scale model of human brain structure and function. These blueprints will result from analysis of large volumes of neuroscientific and clinical data, by a process of reconstruction, modelling and simulation. This strategy will capitalize on remarkable recent developments in informatics and computer science and on the existence of much existing, addressable data and prior, though fragmented, knowledge. The models will instantiate principles that govern how the brain is organized at different levels and how different spatio-temporal scales relate to each other in an organ-centred context.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Since its establishment in 1807, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Office of Coast Survey has provided nautical charts to support safe shipping, national defence, and the delamination of maritime boundaries. The mission of the office is to provide navigation products and services that ensure safe and efficient maritime commerce on America’s oceans and coastal waters, and in the Great Lakes. The Office of Coast Survey employs cartographers, hydrographers, physical scientists, managers and administrative staff in order to fulfil its mission. Until recently, training in nautical cartography at the office of Coast Survey was conducted at the branch level and differed based on level of employee seniority (i.e., Entry, Intermediate and Advanced) and the processing branch of the employee. Over the past two years, NOAA has established a Coast Survey CAT B program that is intended to train and educate to up to 13 cartographers per year in nautical cartography, through a combination of lectures, hands-on chart production experience, details to various branches within the Coast Survey, and field trips to working hydrographic survey vessels through six training modules spread over a one-year period, spread over six courses that include:</p><ul><li><i>Refresher course</i> that provides a review of the basic math, computer and communication technology, marine geography, hydrography, and geodetic topics. The goal of this course is to ensure that students have a sufficient academic background to succeed in the subsequent CAT-B program courses and other activities.</li><li><i>Introduction to Cartography course</i> that reviews elements of cartography, specifically scale, design, and data manipulation techniques. Students will gain an appreciation for maps and map-making, including manual techniques. This introductory course will include hands-on use of computer graphics tools.</li><li><i>Map Design course</i> that reviews the various styles and techniques associated with cartographic design. The course will require the student to: 1) analyse chart design parameters, 2) compile thematic cartographic projects, and 3) experiment with map design.</li><li><i>GIS and Spatial Analysis course</i> that provides students with a comprehensive understanding of spatial analysis methods and they will learn practical skills in using GIS and spatial analysis. The class covers the methods of spatial analysis including measuring aspects of geometric features and identifying spatial patterns of geospatial objects that are represented as point, line, network, areal data, and 3-D surfaces.</li><li><i>GIS and Spatial Modelling course</i> that provides the students a foundation and understanding of various issues related to modelling and simulation in the GIS. It will address the concepts, tools, and techniques of GIS modelling (vector- and raster-based modelling). In addition, it will present modelling concepts and theory as well as provide opportunities for hands-on model design, construction, and application.</li><li><i>NOAA training project and internship program course</i> that includes: 1) a detailed review of many of the activities conducted by the branches in NOAA’s Marine Chart Division and 2) a training project that demonstrates the student’s ability to implement the knowledge gained during the certification.</li></ul><p>This paper presents a newly established CAT B certificate program in Standards of Competence for Nautical Cartographers that is conducted at NOAA’s main campus in Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. The CAT B certificate program provides NOAA a mechanism to both enhance building capacity within the organization and recognizing NOAA cartographers for their capabilities and efforts. In addition, such a program at NOAA can also be used to recruit new employees and help to build capacity in sister organizations.</p>

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The paper considers three scientific approaches and outlines a new concept of systematic cartography.</p><p>The first approach &amp;ndash; systems theory</p><p>Systems theory has long been concerned with the study of complex systems (in recent times, complexity theory and complex systems have also been used as names of the field). Complex systems are present in the research of various disciplines, including geosciences, economics, social studies and technology. Recently, complexity has become a natural domain of interest in real-world socio-cognitive systems and emerging systemics research. Complex systems tend to be high-dimensional, non-linear, and challenging to study. Organised complexity is the degree of both the organisation and complexity of a system. When organisation and complexity are not part of the same system they each undoubtedly can occur naturally, but when both organisation and complexity are found in the same system, the odds of their occurring drop considerably, and the more of both that a system has, the less probable it becomes.</p><p>It is often useful to consider spatial problems through a general systems approach. A general system is a group of fundamental elements bound together by specific linkages. Systems may be open or closed and may change through time. The earth is an open system in which there are inputs, outputs, and flow-through mechanisms. The linkages, or connections, that bind entities together into a system are paths through which matter, energy, ideas, and people pass from one element to another. General Systems Theory is useful to any approaches describing the earth &amp;ndash; cartography is one of them.</p><p>Cartography employs systems to develop analytical models with which they seek to understand and explain spatial patterns and interactions. Cartographers use the systems model, for example, to examine human migration patterns, the diffusion of ideas, and the spread of information. Moreover, research about maps relies on understanding the systems in which information and communication processes operate. Cartographers are interested in identifying, explaining, and predicting information flows in maps. They also seek to identify, describe, and explain cycles and patterns in both maps and map collections.</p><p>The second approach &amp;ndash; atlases</p><p>Atlases are, probably, the best known and the most flexible of popular cartographic products. Atlases are used to address different issues and to target different audiences. Historically, atlases have played different roles &amp;ndash; from instruments of power, in the Renaissance to a current decision and planning support tools. Atlases are used for general reference, education, research and business. As they evolved, atlases were produced in different ways, from the initial manual compilation to current computer-generated processing. Atlases have experienced many changes in the way they are conceived, produced, disseminated and used.</p><p>Many definitions of an atlas exist, and all of them involve words “systematic collection” or similar expression that an atlas is not a set of map randomly chosen maps and their random arrangement as a book. After a rapid ICT development provides fast map compilations, it seems that atlas cartography is much more comfortable. Various types of atlases can be distinguished by the region, theme, dissemination concept, presentation medium and interaction with users. All these kinds of atlases share the overall objective to communicate geographic knowledge and facilitate new insight into geographic phenomena.</p><p>The third approach &amp;ndash; Tobler's first law of geography</p><p>The Tobler's first law of geography was introduced into the geographical literature in an article that Waldo Tobler (1930&amp;ndash;2018) published in the journal Economic Geography in 1970. He described a simulation of population growth in Detroit and invoked the law: “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.”</p><p>It considers the following questions for cartographers: Can the Tobler's law be applied in cartography when we replace objects with maps? How can “near” and “distant” be measured in an atlas? Is it right for Euclidean and network space?</p><p>A concept of systematic cartography</p><p>Systematic cartography is a set of interrelated approaches for visualising a wide range of spatial data sources by various techniques. A traditional field of systematic geovizualisation is the atlas production. At present, advanced display techniques and distributed spatial data sources multiply the possibilities and range of visualization outputs. A theoretical systematic approach plays a crucial role for content, designing, compilation and symbology of any atlas. This calls for the implementation of system theory into an atlas conceptualisation.</p><p>Can atlas be described as a system? If a system consists of elements and relationships between them, then an atlas consists of maps and relationships between them. As a system has a structure and behaviour, an atlas has a structure and usage. In the system theory, a system has a language (information is passed through the information channels). In systematic cartography, an atlas passes spatial information through map language. If we describe an atlas as a system we might measure atlas and then to improve it, redesign it, reuse it etc.</p><p>If an atlas is a system according to the theory of systems (a system universum A involves maps, symbols, map elements, graphs, texts, etc. and a system characteristics R involves all relationships between them) it make us possible to measure “a rate of systematization”, and make atlas taxonomy better. It will also provide a view into an atlas structure and tools for its imporving. And it is really worth!</p><p>Maps in atlases are organized gradually (i) from simple analytical maps (of the main theme components), (ii) to the complex and synthetic maps, (iii) the content of the thematic atlas is arranged like a storybook, (iv) from simple to complex, (v) from basic information to the culmination as the main message in sense of spatial synthesis (typology and regionalization). The relationships relate to map language either in map series, in atlas structure and design and between maps vs. graphs, tables and figures.</p>

A novel square equal-area map projection is proposed. The projection combines closed-form forward and inverse solutions with relatively low angular distortion and minimal cusps, a combination of properties not manifested by any previously published square equal-area projection. Thus, the new projection has lower angular distortion than any previously published square equal-area projection with a closed-form solution. Utilizing a quincuncial arrangement, the new projection places the north pole at the center of the square and divides the south pole between its four corners; the projection can be seamlessly tiled. The existence of closed-form solutions makes the projection suitable for real-time visualization applications, both in cartography and in other areas, such as for the display of panoramic images.

Conventional proactive routing protocols, due to their inherent nature based on shortest paths, select longer links which are amenable to rapid breakages as nodes move around. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive probabilistic approach to handle routing information in dense mobile ad hoc networks in a way to improve the proactive routing pertinence as a function of network dynamics. We first propose a new proactive routing framework based on probabilistic decisions and a generic model to compute the existence probabilities of nodes and links. Then, we present a distributed algorithm to collect the cartography of the network. This cartography is used to instantiate the existence probabilities. Conducted simulations show that our proposal yields substantially better routing validity. Nonetheless, it amounts to much longer routes. We proposed then a bounding technique to adapt and overcome this side effect and defined two probabilistic proactive routing variants. Conducted simulations show that our proposed bounded probabilistic proactive routing schemes outperform conventional routing protocols and yield up to 66 percent increase in throughput.

The article deals with the actual issue of arranging the process and the system of cartographic support. The authors generalize production and publication of cartographic products only. Within the framework of issuing, the process of production and publishing cartographic products is considered as functioning of a purposeful cartographic support system. During these studies, the vector of production process quality indicators results and publishing cartographic products is justifi ed. The proposed indicators enable predicting the results of the process under consideration. Based on the vector of quality indicators, the operational functional connecting the performance indicator with the cost of resources and time is justifi ed. The purposeful process’ of producing and publishing cartographic products deterministic model is proposed. With its use the simulation was performed. The results help determining the mapping support system contents based on the tasks set.

Contemporary development of computer hardware and software, WebGIS and geo-web services as well as the availability of semantic 3D city models, facilitate flexible and dynamic implementation of web applications. The aim of this paper is to introduce 4D CANVAS, a web-based application for dynamic visualization of 3D geospatial data for improved decision making in smart city applications. It is based on the Cesium Virtual Globe, an open-source JavaScript library developed with HTML5 and WebGL. At first, different data formats such as JSON, GeoJSON, Cesium Markup Language (CZML) and 3D Tiles are evaluated for their suitability in 4D visualization applications. Then, an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) is built observing the principle of cartographic standards to view, manage, understand and explore different simulation outputs at multiple spatial (3D surface of buildings) and temporal (hourly, daily, monthly) resolutions. In this regard, multiple tools such as aggregation, data classification, etc. are developed utilizing JavaScript libraries. As a proof of concept, two energy simulations and their outputs of different spatial and temporal resolutions are demonstrated in five Asian and European cities. Finally, the 4D CANVAS is deployed both in desktop and multi-touch screens. The proposed application allows easy integration of any other geospatial simulation results, thereby helps the users from different sectors to explore them interactively in 4D.

In this paper, the authors propose a novel routing protocol driven by an asynchronous distributed cartography gathering algorithm. Each node senses its own dynamics and chooses locally an appropriate routing period size. As such stationary nodes generate little signaling traffic; fast moving nodes choose small routing periods to mitigate the effect of their mobility. Moreover, every node integrates a self regulating process that dynamically and constantly calibrates the chosen routing period to track changes in its dynamics. The performances of this proposed routing protocol are evaluated and compared to the known Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol through extensive simulations. The paper shows that the collected network cartography maintains a validity ratio near 100% even for high node speeds. The authors illustrate that the proposed routing protocol provides around 97% routing validity while the OLSR can hardly deliver more than 60% at moderate to high speeds and workloads. Finally, the protocol provides better throughput than OLSR, reaching a 50% increase at moderate to high speeds and workloads far less end-to-end delays.

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of methane weighted atmospheric columns are assimilated within a Bayesian inversion system to infer the global and regional methane emissions and sinks for the period August 2009 to July 2010. Inversions are independently computed from three different space-borne observing systems and one surface observing system under several hypotheses for prior-flux and observation errors. Posterior methane emissions are compared and evaluated against surface mole fraction observations via a chemistry-transport model. Apart from SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY), the simulations agree fairly well with the surface mole fractions. The most consistent configurations of this study using TANSO-FTS (Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer), IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) or surface measurements induce posterior methane global emissions of, respectively, 565 ± 21 Tg yr−1, 549 ± 36 Tg yr−1 and 538 ± 15 Tg yr−1 over the one-year period August 2009–July 2010. This consistency between the satellite retrievals (apart from SCIAMACHY) and independent surface measurements is promising for future improvement of CH4 emission estimates by atmospheric inversions.

Ce mémoire traite de l'obtention d'informations pertinentes, récentes et précises sur l'état courant des plates-formes de calcul modernes. Souvent dénommés grilles, ces environnements se différencient des machines parallèles les ayant précédés par leur nature intrinsèquement hétérogène et fortement dynamique.

Ce document est découpé en trois parties. La première présente les difficultés spécifiques à la grille en se basant sur une sélection de projets d'infrastructures pour la grille et en détaillant les solutions proposées dans ce cadre.

La seconde partie montre comment obtenir efficacement des informations quantitatives sur les capacités de la grille et leur adéquation aux besoins des routines à ordonnancer. Après avoir détaillé les problèmes rencontrés dans ce cadre, nous explicitons notre approche, nommée macro-benchmarking. Nous présentons ensuite l'outil FAST, développé dans le cadre de cette thèse et mettant cette méthodologie en oeuvre. Nous étudions également comment cet outil est utilisé dans différents projets.

La troisième partie traite de l'obtention d'une vision plus qualitative des caractéristiques de la grille, telle que la topologie d'interconnexion des machines la constituant. Après une étude des solutions classiques du domaine, nous présentons ALNeM, notre solution de cartographie automatique ne nécessitant pas de privilège d'exécution particulier. Cet outil est basé sur l'environnement GRAS, développé dans le cadre de ces travaux pour la mise au point des constituants de la grille.

Les charges internes qui s'accumulent dans les matériaux diélectriques sont un facteur potentiel de vieillissement des matériaux à travers les distorsions de champ interne qu'elles provoquent. Durant les trois dernières décennies, des nombreuses techniques non-destructives de mesure de charges d'espace et de polarisation ont été développées et appliquées à un large éventail de thèmes, tels que les processus de vieillissement des matériaux piézoélectriques, le développement et optimisation de capteurs piézoélectriques, les phénomènes de rupture dans les câbles ou les revêtements diélectriques pour le contrôle thermique des satellites géostationnaires. Notre équipe a ainsi développé une méthode originale, appelée FLIMM (Focused Laser Induced Modulation Method) et s'est équipée de la méthode PEA (Pulsed Electro-Acoustic). Dans un premier temps, la méthode FLIMM a été adaptée pour réaliser des mesures sous champ électrique appliqué. Ces mesures sous tension permettent entre autre de calibrer les mesures de charges d'espace. Ensuite, une nouvelle stratégie de mesure a été mise en œuvre, elle permet après une phase de calibration, de choisir la zone d'étude et de mesurer l'état de charge dans l'échantillon avec une haute résolution de l'ordre du micromètre dans un temps réduit. Dans un second temps, la modélisation thermique a été abordée. Un nouveau modèle 1D multicouches rendant le calcul plus souple et flexible et une modélisation multicouches de la température en 3D par éléments finis ont permis une prise en compte plus fine de l'environnement thermique de l'échantillon et de l'absorption du faisceau laser. Enfin, des cartographies 3D de profil de charges d'espace ou de polarisation ont été réalisées avec une très bonne résolution spatiale sur des films minces de PEN soumis à une irradiation UV, de PVDF-TrFE ou de PTFE. Les cartographies effectuées sur le PVDF-TrFE ont été comparées avec celles obtenues par la méthode TPT. Concernant les mesures de charges d'espace effectuées sur les films minces de PTFE irradiés par un faisceau d'électrons, les résultats obtenus avec les techniques FLIMM et PEA ont mis en évidence de leur complémentarité.

Des expertises géologiques effectuées pour le projet de liaison TGV Lyon-Turin (collaboration avec le BRGM) ont abouti à la réalisation de modèles géométriques 3D effectués dans les secteurs clés du projet. Ces modèles ont aidé à la décision en termes d'interprétation géométrique et ont permis de dessiner une nouvelle coupe géologique détaillée de la vallée de la Maurienne (coupe réalisée par le BRGM). Combinée aux données profondes du profil Ecors, elle est utilisée pour construire une coupe d'échelle crustale au travers des Alpes Occidentales. Le prolongement de cette coupe vers les zones externes est extrait des travaux de Philippe Y.(1994), depuis le massif de Belledonne jusqu'au bassin d'avant pays. Nous proposons une série de reconstructions géodynamiques équilibrées de cette transversale depuis le Crétacé supérieur en utilisant : une reconnaissance détaillée des structures rencontrées le long du profil, une compilation des chemins pression-température-temps de chaque unité et le calendrier de formation des bassins d'avant-pays successifs. L'estimation des pics de températures via la spectrométrie Raman sur la matière organique dans les métasédiments (méthode RSCM), révèle la structure thermique à haute résolution du prisme de subduction depuis le domaine ultra-dauphinois jusqu'aux zones les plus internes et s'avère être un atout majeur pour la compréhension des mécanismes d'exhumation sur cette transversale. Ces reconstructions nous conduisent à discuter les mécanismes d'exhumation des unités de haute pression et l'interaction entre les chevauchements principaux et les failles normales qui accommodent en partie la remontée des unités profondes des Alpes Occidentales.

Ces travaux contribuent à définir une nouvelle méthodologie de caractérisation et de prévision de la sensibilité des composants de puissance de type VDMOS vis à vis de l'environnement radiatif naturel. Cette méthodologie est basée sur le test laser d'une part et sur le développement d'un logiciel de prédiction nommé MC DASIE d'autre part. La méthode de caractérisation par laser de MOS de puissance est validée à partir de la comparaison des résultats obtenus avec des accélérateurs de particules. En outre, des cartographies laser de sensibilités sont présentées et l'intérêt du laser comme outil complémentaire des accélérateurs est mis en lumière. Le développement d'une extension du logiciel de prédiction MC DASIE aux MOS de puissance permet de prédire leur sensibilité dans un environnement atmosphérique. A cette fin, des simulations TCAD sont réalisées ; elles permettent une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de Burnout ainsi que la définition de critères de déclenchement et du volume d'interaction.

L'objectif de ce travail est de modéliser la formation, la maintenance et la réorganisation des cartes corticales somesthésiques en utilisant la théorie des champs neuronaux dynamiques. Un champ de neurones dynamique est une équation intégro-différentiel qui peut être utilisée pour décrire l'activité d'une surface corticale. Un tel champ a été utilisé pour modéliser une partie des aires 3b de la région du cortex somatosensoriel primaire et un modèle de peau a été conçu afin de fournir les entrées au modèle cortical. D'un point de vue computationel, ce modèle s'inscrit dans une démarche de calculs distribués, numériques et adaptatifs. Ce modèle s'avère en particulier capable d'expliquer la formation initiale des cartes mais aussi de rendre compte de leurs réorganisations en présence de lésions corticales ou de privation sensorielle, l'équilibre entre excitation et inhibition jouant un rôle crucial. De plus, le modèle est en adéquation avec les données neurophysiologiques de la région 3b et se trouve être capable de rendre compte de nombreux résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, il semble que l'attention joue un rôle clé dans l'organisation des champs récepteurs du cortex somato-sensoriel. Nous proposons donc, au travers de ce travail, une définition de l'attention somato-sensorielle ainsi qu'une explication de son influence sur l'organisation des cartes au travers d'un certain nombre de résultats expérimentaux. En modifiant les gains des connexions latérales, il est possible de contrôler la forme de la solution du champ, conduisant à des modifications importantes de l'étendue des champs récepteurs. Celà conduit au final au développement de zones finement cartographiées conduisant à de meilleures performances haptiques.

La fibrillation auriculaire, l'arythmie la plus fréquente en clinique, affecte 2.3 millions de patients en Amérique du Nord. Pour en étudier les mécanismes et les thérapies potentielles, des modèles animaux de fibrillation auriculaire ont été développés. La cartographie électrique épicardique à haute densité est une technique expérimentale bien établie pour suivre in vivo l'activité des oreillettes en réponse à une stimulation électrique, à du remodelage, à des arythmies ou à une modulation du système nerveux autonome. Dans les régions qui ne sont pas accessibles par cartographie épicardique, la cartographie endocardique sans contact réalisée à l'aide d'un cathéter en forme de ballon pourrait apporter une description plus complète de l'activité auriculaire. Dans cette étude, une expérience chez le chien a été conçue et analysée. Une reconstruction électro-anatomique, une cartographie épicardique (103 électrodes), une cartographie endocardique sans contact (2048 électrodes virtuelles calculées à partir un cathéter en forme de ballon avec 64 canaux) et des enregistrements endocardiques avec contact direct ont été réalisés simultanément. Les systèmes d'enregistrement ont été également simulés dans un modèle mathématique d'une oreillette droite de chien. Dans les simulations et les expériences (après la suppression du nœud atrio-ventriculaire), des cartes d'activation ont été calculées pendant le rythme sinusal. La repolarisation a été évaluée en mesurant l'aire sous l'onde T auriculaire (ATa) qui est un marqueur de gradient de repolarisation. Les résultats montrent un coefficient de corrélation épicardique-endocardique de 0.8 (expérience) and 0.96 (simulation) entre les cartes d'activation, et un coefficient de corrélation de 0.57 (expérience) and 0.92 (simulation) entre les valeurs de ATa. La cartographie endocardique sans contact apparait comme un instrument expérimental utile pour extraire de l'information en dehors des régions couvertes par les plaques d'enregistrement épicardique.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common clinical arrhythmia currently affecting 2.3 million patients in North America. To study its mechanisms and potential therapies, animal models of atrial fibrillation have been developed. Epicardial high-density electrical mapping is a well-established experimental instrument to monitor in vivo the activity of the atria in response to pacing, remodeling, arrhythmias and modulation of the autonomic nervous system. In regions that are not accessible by epicardial mapping, noncontact endocardial mapping performed through a balloon catheter may provide a more comprehensive description of atrial activity. In this study, a dog experiment was designed and analyzed in which electroanatomical reconstruction, epicardial mapping (103 electrodes), noncontact endocardial mapping (2048 virtual electrodes computed from a 64-channel balloon catheter), and direct-contact endocardial catheter recordings were simultaneously performed. The recording system was also simulated in a computer model of the canine right atrium. For simulations and experiments (after atrio-ventricular node suppression), activation maps were computed during sinus rhythm. Repolarization was assessed by measuring the area under the atrial T wave (ATa), a marker of repolarization gradients. Results showed an epicardial endocardial correlation coefficient of 0.8 (experiment) and 0.96 (simulation) between activation times, and a correlation coefficient of 0.57 (experiment) and 0.92 (simulation) between ATa values. Noncontact mapping appears to be a valuable experimental device to retrieve information outside the regions covered by epicardial recording plaques.

Abstract In most of the failed nuclear objects sitting processes the main barriers were not the technical or safety questions, but the problem of communication and reaching the public acceptance about decision. The paper presents one of the possible approaches that could contribute to the more community sensitive, transparent, communicative and finally successful siting process. The computer-supported approach for assessment of LILRW disposal impacts on regional and urban development is one of several modules loosely connected to a spatial simulation model in GIS. The results are shown as cartographic representation of impacts on different land uses and a possible future land use pattern. This model will be used for evaluation of alternative sites from regional and urban development impact aspects and for negotiating compensation schemes for local communities. One of the very important findings of this work is that the modeling outcomes depend more on value assumptions, according to which the input parameters are chosen, than on accuracy of computations. Therefore any conclusion based on the model outcomes should be verified in a wide panel of experts, interest groups and also wider public.