Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cartographie d'utilisation des données'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cartographie d'utilisation des données.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ramos, milis Guilherme. "Apport des mesures des compteurs Linky pour la connaissance des charges du réseau de distribution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT021.
The distribution grid occupies a central position in the energy transition. This results in two key changes for the network: an (r)evolution of uses and a digital (r)evolution. In this context, this thesis begins by creating a new mapping of the uses of data from smart meters. Building upon this mapping, the thesis will delve into two central themes of great importance in the context of energy transition. The first is an analysis of the Diversity Factor of Low Voltage (LV) charges and its estimation. The second involves estimating the load curves of customers on the LV grid using an innovative method
Baby, Jean-François. "Le traitement des données spatialisées par stations geomatiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX23005.
The development of up-to-date computer aids now enable us to write down a new territorial geography, just as the increasing development in data banks offer new prospects in diffusing geographical messages our approach was pragmatic. We tried to put into practice a new method to process spatial data to our first experiment with the town planning department at the town hal in nice, involved establishing a cartographical data bank. Our second experiment is a larger department scale and is being carried at the cci nice-cote-d'azur both experiments have provided confirmation of our choice in "geomatic" computer aids, but furthemore to have the necessary tools in hans, and thesefore a complete step-by-step range of our data, from acquisition to distribution, is of primary importance
Ramos, Yuddy. "Étude du potentiel des données satellitaires pour la cartographie géologique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2628.
Ferraz, António. "Cartographie 3D d'une forêt à partir de données LIDAR aéroporté." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GLOB0004.
Traditional forest inventories characterize forest stands by means of the size and spatial distribution of plants within each stratum: ground vegetation, understory and overstory. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has gained considerable interest in forestry because is the remote sensing technique the best adapted to describe the 3D forest structure. Actually, the laser beam is able to penetrate down into the forest strata. As a result, the ALS devices provide a 3-D point cloud that is a discrete model of the forest structure. However, most studies only investigate the overstory characteristics and therefore they are not adapted to characterize multi-layered forest such as the Mediterranean ecosystems. This manuscript presents the first approach to characterize the complete 3-D forest structure taking full advantage of the ALS aptitude to describe complex forest structures. The ALS point clouds are decomposed into 3-D segments that correspond to individual plant crows of each forest stratum: ground vegetation, understory and overstory. The ALS point cloud is regarded as a multimodal distribution where each mode, here defined as a local maximum both in density and height, corresponds to a crown apex. The modes of the point cloud, i. E. The number of trees within a forest stand, are calculated using a method based on the mean shift algorithm. It is a kernel density estimation technique that calculates the modes of a density function. We introduce a 3D kernel adapted to extract plants crowns using ALS data. Our method is a multi-scale approach because the 3D kernel dimension must be adapted to the size of the objects to be extracted, and crowns of dominant trees are significantly larger than those of understory trees or bushes. The resulting method is called MSA 3D for adapted 3-D mean shift segmentation. It is validated on 44 plots of a Portuguese forest, composed mainly of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait. ) trees. The number of detected trees varies with the dominance position: from 98. 6% for the dominant trees to 12. 8% for the suppressed trees. Linear regression models explain up to 70% of the variability associated with ground vegetation and understory height
Ben, Ticha Mohamed Bassam. "Fusion de données satellitaires pour la cartographie du potentiel éolien offshore." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198912.
Cazals, Cécile. "Apport des données Sentinel-1 pour la cartographie des milieux humides." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1226/document.
Wetlands are threatened by climate change and the anthropization of natural environments. Satellite remote sensing is useful for environmental monitoring at large areas. However, when it comes to the study of hydrological dynamics, a significant temporal resolution is essential. The latter is difficult to reach with optical satellite imagery because of the cloud cover that masks the ground. Radar sensors are well suited to the characterization of hydrological dynamics thanks to the sensitivity of their measurements in the presence of water, whatever the vegetation in place. As a result, all Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) acquisitions are available, both day and night, regardless of cloud cover.Satellite radar remote sensing has gone through a revolution with the launch of the Sentinel-1A satellite, followed by its twins Sentinel-1B by the European Space Agency as part of the Copernicus program in 2014. These sensors acquire C-band data (λ = 5.6 cm) on a regular basis on Europe and their distribution is free for all users. Their temporal frequency initially of 12 days has decreased to 6 days from the end of 2016. This work aims at evaluating the potential of these data with high temporal resolution for the monitoring of water bodies and wetlands.The first part of this thesis focuses on water bodies mapping. We found confusion in the C-band radar response between water surfaces and that of some bare soils. We showed that the winter period is the least ambiguous and that the VH polarization is the most suitable for the mapping of water surfaces. Four methods of water detection have been compared. It appears that the use of unsupervised methods without a priori data is not conceivable and that the methods taking into account the spatial neighborhood give better results. Temporal filtering has been developed and has improved detection and avoided confusion between bare soil and permanent water surfaces. Water surfaces of more than 0.5 ha are more than 80% likely to be detected.A second part of this thesis is devoted to the monitoring of wet grasslands by radar remote sensing. The use of fully polarimetric data has shown that the VV/VH partial polarimetry configuration available on the Sentinel-1 sensor is able to characterize the prairial floods with or without vegetation. A method taking into account the temporal neighborhood allowed to process a series of 14 Sentinel-1 images to obtain 14 flood maps. The accuracy of floods maps at the intra-parcel scale has been estimated, it appears that if the precision is relatively good (80%), but the recall is rather low (40%). This method allow to establish intra- and inter-annual monitoring.This thesis has shown the potential of high temporal resolution radar images for the mapping of the water surfaces and for the monitoring of a wetland meadow
Lardeux, Cédric. "Apport des données radar polarimétriques pour la cartographie en milieu tropical." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481850.
Viau, Laetitia. "Visualisation de données quantitatives géolocalisées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS034.
Geographically referenced quantitative data, i.e., quantitative data associated with geographical entities, are commonly analyzed to understand, explain, and predict various phenomena. Information visualization, on the other hand, is a highly effective tool for data analysis. It not only helps in summarizing data but also facilitates exploration with the aim of generating new hypotheses.In this thesis, we focus on the visualization of quantitative data associated with geographical entities, such as countries, regions, .... We distinguish between two scenarios. In the first scenario, data is linked to independent geographical entities, meaning that each data value pertains to a single entity. For example, GDP or population data falls into this category. In the second scenario, data is associated with relationships between geographical entities. In this case, a value pertains to a pair of geographical entities. For instance, quantities of traded goods between countries fit into this category.These two scenarios have allowed us to make three contributions. The first one concerns the design of a dedicated data exploration visual interface for the comparison, by juxtaposition, of geolocated variables. Its implementation in the context of an epidemiology project led to the deployment of a platform called Epid Data Explorer. The second contribution is a user study established to compare various bivariate mapping techniques, i.e., those displaying two quantitative variables. These first two contributions pertain to the visualization of data associated with independent geographical entities. The third contribution is the development and implementation of a map background distortion algorithm for a flow map to facilitate its readability. Thus, it focuses on the visualization of data associated with relationships between geographical entities
Fournier, Jonathan. "Exploitation de données tridimensionnelles pour la cartographie et l'exploration autonome d'environnements urbains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24421/24421.pdf.
Maddi, Abdelghani. "La quantification de la recherche scientifique et ses enjeux : bases de données, indicateurs et cartographie des données bibliométriques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD020/document.
The issue of productivity and the "quality" of scientific research is one of the central issues of the 21st century in the economic and social world. Scientific research, source of innovation in all fields, is considered the key to economic development and competitiveness. Science must also contribute to the societal challenges defined in the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (H2020) for example, such as health, demography and well-being. In order to rationalize public spending on research and innovation or to guide the investment strategies of funders, several indicators are developed to measure the performance of research entities. Now, no one can escape evaluation, starting with research articles, researchers, institutions and countries (Pansu, 2013, Gingras, 2016). For lack of methodological comprehension, quantitative indicators are sometimes misused by neglecting the aspects related to their method of calculation / normalization, what they represent or the inadequacies of the databases from which they are calculated. This situation may have disastrous scientific and social consequences. Our work plans to examine the tools of evaluative bibliometrics (indicators and databases) in order to measure the issues related to the quantitative evaluation of scientific performances. We show through this research that the quantitative indicators, can never be used alone to measure the quality of the research entities given the disparities of the results according to the analysis perimeters, the ex-ante problems related to the individual characteristics of researchers who directly affect the quantitative indicators, or the shortcomings of the databases from which they are calculated. For a responsible evaluation, it is imperative to accompany the quantitative measures by a qualitative assessment of the peers. In addition, we also examined the effectiveness of quantitative measures for the purpose of understanding the evolution of science and the formation of scientific communities. Our analysis, applied to a corpus of publications dealing the economic crisis, allowed us to show the dominant authors and currents of thought, as well as the temporal evolution of the terms used in this thematic
Mascret, Ariane. "Développement d’une approche SIG pour l’intégration de données Terre/Mer." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0006.
The coastal domain is a delicate environment standing at the land/sea border, an area where the terrestrial, the maritime and the atmospheric areas all exert their own forms of influence and pressure. Today’s more comprehensive management of the coasts aims to overcome the failings demonstrated in previous policies by considering all simultaneous interactions from the various littoral actors. This approach requires a seamless Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with coherent terrestrial and maritime data. Owing to the diversity in the sources of captured data and in the methods of DEM production, the relief as a whole is rarely processed with continuity and homogeneity. Moreover, the current DEM integration techniques usually result in smoothing the relief or in the loss of the relief’s main features. That is why new tools and a whole DEM integration method were defined. These tools use the Fréchet distance to compute a maximum distance gap between homologous points from two lines. The value of this distance gives a shape similarity measure which is used as a reference in the later matching process. The merging methodology presented in this PhD purports to be generic with a specifical landscape feature line basis. It performs a sequence of processing divided into three main steps: 1) cartographic transformations and overlapping area analysis; 2) segmentation and feature lines extraction; 3) DEM matching and merging with rubber sheeting deformations. Those integration tools were tested in 2D on real data for the coastline comparison, and then validated on simulated DEM
Ogier, Jean-Marc. "Contribution à l'analyse automatique de documents cartographiques. Interprétation de données cadastrales." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES008.
Peerbocus, Mohamed Ally. "Gestion de l'évolution spatiotemporelle dans une base de données géographiques." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090055.
Ung, Anthony. "Cartographie de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain a l'aide de données multisources." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004209.
Ung, Anthony. "Cartographie de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain à l'aide de données multisources." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077122.
Mezian, Miloud. "Recalage conjoint de données de cartographie mobile et de modèles 3D de bâtiments." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2065.
For many years, mobile land scanning vehicles have been developed to simultaneously acquire highly accurate laser data and high-resolution georeferenced images. A major application of these data is to exploit their very high level of detail (LOD) to enrich the 3D geographic databases built from aerial images and therefore much lower LOD. The 3Dgeographic databases and mobile terrestrial data prove to be very complementary: roofs are seen from the air but not on land, and facades are very poorly seen from the air but very precisely on land. Geographic databases consist of a set of geometric primitives (3D triangles) of coarse LOD, but present the advantage of being available over large geographical areas. Mobile mapping vehicles offer much more partial coverage but guarantee very fine LOD data. These vehicles also have limitations: in urban environments, the GPS signal needed for good data georeferencing is liable to being disrupted by multi-paths or even stopped during GPS masking phenomena linked to narrow streets or high buildings. The GPS sensor no longer picks up enough satellites to accurately determine its spatial position. These complementary data each have their own geo-referencing and geolocation uncertainties of drift, ranging from a few centimetres to several metres. This means that different datasets in the same area do not coincide. That is why a realignment is essential to bring this highly detailed mobile data into line with the less detailed geographical databases.In this thesis, we have finely modelled all the sources of uncertainty involved in boththe process of building the lidar point cloud and the geographic database to jointly (simultaneously) re-align the data between them. This work around uncertainties makes it possible to model them, then to exploit them in the realignment process, and finally to to propagate them on the final product, by means of a Gauss-Helmert model. The process is based on an Point to plane ICP (Iterative Closest Point) method. This realignment simultaneously corrects the (path) trajectory of the mobile mapping vehicle and the 3D geometric model. Our processing chain has been tested on simulated data from various missions carried out by the National Institute of Geographical and Forest Information (Institut National de l’Information Géographique et Forestière, IGN)
Grotte, Alain. "Méthode de cartographie des couvertures algales et sédimentaires à partir de données de télédétection." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES1003.
This work forms part of the development studies contributing to the knowledge of coastal features by using high resolution satellite data. The first part deals with conventional cartography bases and describes possible applications using satellite data. Chapter 1 is devoted to notions of cartography, and shows their importance in understanding certain types of satellite data pre-processing described in chapter ii. The second chapter, which deals with high resolution satellites, reviews the radiometers placed on board these platforms. Whatever the type of sensor, image data is available in simple standards, and therefore accessible to everyone providing a small investment is made in hardware and software. I. T. Products are very user-friendly and after a few training sessions a complete beginner in this field can already obtain some encouraging results. Cartographic formatting (computer-assisted) is obviously the next step for correctly positioning this data in the geographic area of the study. This is dealt with in the third chapter which draws the connection between traditional cartography, satellite data and a geographic information system module, which is used to add cartographic annotations to the data. The methodology is developed and procedures proposed for achieving standardized mapping of the space maps or normal maps drawn up at Ifremer
Girardeau-Montaut, Daniel. "Détection de changement sur des données géométriques tridimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001745.
Cosma, Ioana-Mihaela. "Modèle de données pour la production cartographique sur le Web : mise en oeuvre des représentations multiples en GML." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21761/21761.pdf.
Delassus, Rémi. "Apprentissage automatique pour la détection d'anomalies dans les données ouvertes : application à la cartographie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0230/document.
In this thesis we study the problem of anomaly detection in the open data used by the Qucit company, both the business data of its customers, as well as those allowing to contextualize them.We are looking for data that reflects an anomaly in reality. Initially, we were interested in detecting defective bicycles in the trip data of New York’s bike share system. Characteristics describing the behaviour of each observed bicycle are clustered. Abnormal behaviors are extracted from this clustering and compared to monthly reports indicating the number of bikes repaired; this is an aggregate learning problem. The results of this first work were unsatisfactory due to the paucity of data. This first part of the work then gave way to a problem focused on the detection of buildings within satellite images. We are looking for anomalies in the geographical data that do not reflect reality. We propose a method of merging segmentation models that improves the error metric by up to +7% over the standard method. We assess the robustness of our model to the removal of buildings from labels to determine the extent to which omissions are likely to alter the results. This type of noise is commonly encountered within the OpenStreetMap data, regularly used by Qucit, and the robustness observed indicates that it could be corrected
Wang, Xiaoqiang. "Apport des données d’expression génique à la cartographie de QTL chez les espèces d’élevage." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARB218.
Identifying the causal polymorphism of a QTL remains a long and difficult step in most species of domestic animals. Under this framework, this work focuses on the integration of high throughput information on the expression of genes in a tissue. The traditional approach consists in detecting QTL on gene expression data (eQTL detection) by carrying out, gene by gene, the interval mapping methods. However, it appears that there is a bias on the estimated position of QTL. That leads, based on these high-dimensional data, to a high number of eQTL abnormally detected at the positions of the markers. The first part of this work is dedicated to the characterization of this bais in order to propose some ways to better control it. The parameters affecting the bias are discussed and an algorithm to improve the accuracy of the estimated position of the QTL is proposed. In the second part, the test of the co localization between eQTL and QTL is discussed. The aim is to reduce the list of eQTL declared "co localizing" with a QTL so that one could pass an individual study for these genes. In this framework, the conditions to guarantee the efficacy for the regression methods existing in the literature are sought. Then, some methods allowing to improve these conditions are proposed. Finally, perspectives of this work, we propose some tracks by the use of structural equation models to construct a network linking QTL, eQTL and traits
Coulibaly, Lacina. "Intégration de données multisources de télédétection et de données morphométriques pour la cartographie des formations meubles région de Cochabamba en Bolivie." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2717.
Mallet, Clément. "Utilisation de données lidar aéroportées à retour d'onde complète pour la cartographie des milieux urbains." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00566992.
The recent development of airborne full-waveform lidar systems, that are able to provide more than a simple 3D representation of the topographic surfaces, has arisen many questions with respect to the analysis of urban areas, and in relation with traditional multiple pulse sensors. Indeed, the recorded lidar waveforms provide additional information about the geometry and the radiometry of the targets. The final aim of this thesis is to process the raw data in order to achieve a 3D automatic land-cover classification, as a basis for various subsequent applications. The proposed workflow is composed of two main stages. The first step consists in processing the waveform in order to generate an improved 3D point cloud, and retrieve morphological information about these points. Two distinct methods have been proposed. The first one aims to improve the standard approach, which assumes that all echoes can be modelled by the Gaussian curve. The second method hypothesizes a mixture of several models -- each echo is then characterized separately -- and allows to propose a simple physical and flexible solution. Afterwards, the generated 3D points are classified using both spatial features and the morphological ones retrieved from the previous processing step. A supervised approach using Support Vector Machines is adopted in order to label ground, building, and vegetation areas. Furthermore, the classifier is coupled with a feature selection step. Eventually, results with high accuracy are achieved, and enhance the relevance of full-waveform data for automatically mapping urban areas
Blond, Nadège Martine. "Assimiliation de données photochimiques et prévision de la pollution troposphérique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0043.
Mallet, Clément. "Analyse des données lidar aéroportées à Retour d'Onde Complète pour la cartographie des milieux urbains." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566992.
Tadonki, Georges R. "Cartographie numérique des données urbaines en Afrique tropicale : pour une méthode : le cas de Douala." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10015.
It is well know that national statistics in tropical arica are often very poor. This is a serious problem in a century of information. Several analysts believe that this situation has an important impact on the investment for development in devopping countries. The investors are reluctant to invest in countries with a low quality statistical information. In cameroun and particulary in the economic capital, douala, we realised that existing urban data are not well georeferrenced. Therefore it is practically impossible to make use of it for spatial analyses. The enumeration zones are not well defined. Modern geography and gis (geographical information systems) can help improving that situation. As the town is made of blocks, we propose a model for geocoding urban data at douala : site (topologically referrenced information system for encoding urban data). It allows the referrencing of any "urban object" using simply a code constituted of the identifier of the area, the object, and it's location. In site, the block is well defined, using the information from land use mapping. Exemple : dlai3240 (town of douala, i for block, x=32, y=40 units). The use of the coordinates of the centroid of the object prevents any duplication of code. Every object has a unique code
Lamouret, Marie. "Traitement automatisés des données acoustiques issues de sondeurs multifaisceaux pour la cartographie des fonds marins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0002.
Among underwater acoustic technologies, multibeam echo sounder (MBES) is one of the most advanced tool to study and map the underwater floors and the above water column. Its deployment on-site requires expertise so as the whole data processing to map the information. These processing are very time-consuming due to the massive quantity of recorded data and thus needs to be automatised to shorten and alleviate the hydrographer's task. This PhD research works focus on the automatisation of the current activities in Seaviews society.After some reminders on the underwater acoustic sciences, the MBES operating is described as well the produced data that will be manipulated throughout the developments. This document presents two thematics˸ bathymetric (depths) and marine habitats mapping. The developments are integrated into the Seaviews' software in the aim to be used by all the employees.About seafloor depths mapping, the bathymetric sounding has to be sorted to avoid that the outlier errors distort the results. Sorting the uncountable measures is cumbersome but necessary, although the hydrographers are today happily computed-assisted. We propose a fast statistical method to exclude the outliers while mapping the information. This leads to wonder if the water column imagery would be workable to deduce the bathymetry without failure. We will test this hypothesis with some technics of deep learning, especially with convolutional neural networks.The marine habitats mapping is a seabed nature classification according to the local life. Seaviews has worked on a way to prepare MBES data and habitats analysis. Concerning the method of classification itself, we move towards machine learning technics. Several methods are implemented and assessed, and then an area is chosen to evaluate and compare the results
Ridene, Taha. "Co-recalage de données hétérogènes 3D géo-référencées : contributions à la correction des relevés laser mobiles." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00563782.
The development of 3D mapping databases is a matter of increasing interest. Databases have recently been developed at different scales (national, European, international) and to meet different needs. Such development has been made possible by the implementation of efficient 3D mapping technologies. 3D mapping strategies are based on multi-sensor data fusion usually performed after a preprocessing step that includes registration and filtering. In this thesis, we present new registration methods applied to solve problems in 3D urban environment representations issued from a Mobile Mapping System. We improve the stability of convergence, the computation time and handle heterogeneous data sets in various scenarios. We also propose a new method for qualitative evaluation of 3D registration related to the developed algorithms. Two variants of FQ-Evaluation were tested, based on the extraction and the comparison of geometric features
Ridene, Taha. "Co-recalage de données hétérogènes 3D géo-référencées : contributions à la correction des relevés laser mobiles." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00563782.
Dhib, Ameni. "La cartographie des sonorités environnementales d'un territoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34749.
On a territory, sound sources emit sounds that can be of anthropophonic origins (i.e. vehicle noise), biophonic origins (i.e. sounds emitted by birds), as well as geophonic origins (i.e. wind noise). This makes it possible to describe a soundscape of the places while feeding particular needs specific to the mapping of the sound environment such as the acoustic properties of the territories, necessary to the understanding of the sound environment. Beyond the research work that studies and analyzes the acoustic properties of the environment, the state of the existing focuses on two types of sound cards: sound inventory cards and noise maps. Two methodological approaches are behind the production of these cards. The first is based on sound recordings measured and georeferenced on the territory using sound level meters, or applications installed on tablets/smartphones. The second is used to model the propagation of the acoustic wave in relation to the objects present on the territory (i.e. buildings, trees, etc.). Although this second approach considers the different environmental factors that can weaken the acoustic wave like atmospheric absorption (caused by wind, temperature, etc.), the geometric divergence and the nature of the cover of soil, it is found that it is poorly documented in the scientific literature, when no sound sensor is used to produce sound cards. The main objective is to define a generic method for modeling the acoustic propagation of a territory using multi-source geospatial data including very high resolution images. Thus, using geomatic tools, it is possible to represent the interaction that exists between the sound wave and the environmenta l objects that make up this territory. It is then possible from a sound source and sound receiving points to make so-called spatio-phonic cards
Cyr, Isabel. "Exploitation des données RSO de RADARSAT pour la cartographie de la vulnérabilité de la nappe souterraine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38058.pdf.
Gérossier, Franck. "Localisation et cartographie simultanées en environnement extérieur à partir de données issues d'un radar panoramique hyperfréquence." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864181.
Davtian, Gourguèn. "Analyse des données et cartographie automatique : application aux principales variables climatiques du versant méditerranéen du Maghreb." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE2004.
This work, part of the LAGUNIS project of the AVICENNE program, concerns essentially the spatialization of the climatic parameters allowing to evaluate the flows that pollute the Mediterranean sea, and to determinate the potentialities of purification through lagooning. The study of the daily rainfalls gives a global modelisation in form of stochastic generator of rainfalls. It allows the estimation of the flows and respects the periods of dry and rainy sequences to evaluate the potential pollution load. We were able to regionalize the parameters of this generator (daily rainfall) from the yearly mean rainfall. To modelize the rainfalls at monthly and yearly range, we made a multiple regression with some parameters of the relief and the positions of the stations. As the residues of the model were known only in the stations, we carried out a geostatistical study to interpolate them by kriging over the entire field. When all the data needed by the model were spatialized, we drew maps of the monthly mean rainfalls and a map of the yearly mean rainfalls and we gave the principles of their frequencial evolutions. The efficiency of the lagooning and then the dimensioning of the lagoons depend on the pollution load but also on the temperatures and on the evapo-tranpirations. For the temperature, we used the same process than for the rainfalls. To evaluate the etp, we showed that we can obtain reliable estimations of penmann's etp from the only temperatures, on condition we also take into consideration the season and the geographical position. The teachings of this research are: valorisation and statistical analysis of climatic data, stochastic generation of daily rainfalls, "rainfall-relief" and "temperature-relief" modelling, simplified regional estimation of Penmann's ETP, building of a dem and elaboration of charts of rainfalls, temperatures and ETP at monthly and yearly ranges
Yang, Feifei. "Techniques de comptage et cartographie passives de clients WiFi dans l’ère de la protection des données." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS264.pdf.
The emergence of data privacy legislation, such as the GDPR, has posed significant hurdles for WiFi network operators, impeding their ability to track and analyze client activity for commercial and security purposes. The dynamic randomization of client device MAC addresses during each transmission has created obstacles in aggregating client data using management frames like probe requests, which were commonly employed in the past. Consequently, accurately quantifying and mapping client activity has become a complex task, often necessitating supplementary measurements from alternative sensors such as cameras. Our research yielded encouraging results in addressing these challenges. First of all, we have demonstrated statistically that a proportional relationship exists between the number of clients and the raw count of probe requests, thus alleviating the problem of client counting, without relying on ground truth measurements. Despite this advancement, however, the localization of clients with randomized MAC addresses within a network site remains an unresolved problem. To confront this issue, the thesis proposes a toolkit whose objective is to extend the proportionality between client counts and probe requests to the mapping of client densities in real-world outdoor WiFi networks. With this toolkit, raw probe requests can be transformed into a density map showing client populations. By combining the proposed toolkit with the findings derived from the research on client counting, this thesis presents an interesting solution to the challenges confronted by today’s WiFi network operators. The toolkit facilitates accurate mapping of client densities in outdoor WiFi networks while adhering to data privacy regulations and accounting for MAC address randomization. This approach enhances the comprehension of client behavior, while ensuring the preservation of privacy and addressing technical challenges
Ruskoné, Renaud. "Extraction automatique du réseau routier par interprétation locale du contexte : application à la production de données cartographiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MARN0002.
Le, Gléau Annick. "Système d'aide à la conception et à la maintenance de bases de données cartographiques." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090034.
Stroobants, William. "Apport des données R. S. O. à la production cartographique en contexte tropical : exemple du Sénégal." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0044.
Karkar, Slim Ismael. "Parcellisation et analyse multi-niveaux de données : Application à l’étude des réseaux de connectivité cérébrale." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/KARKAR_Slim_Ismael_2011.pdf.
Over the last decade, functional MRI has emerged as a widely used tool for mapping functions of the brain. More recently, it has been used for identifying networks of cerebral connectivity that represent the interactions between different brain areas. In this context, a recent strategy is based on a preliminary parcellation of the brain into functional regions, and then identifying functional networks from a measurement of interactions between each area. The first part of this thesis describes a novel approach for parcellation that produces regions that are homogeneous at several levels. These regions are shown to be consistent with the anatomical landmarks of the processed subjects. In the second part, we propose a new family of statistics to identify significant networks of functional connectivity. This approach enables the detection of small, strongly-connected networks as well as larger networks that involve weaker interactions. Finally, within a classification framework, we developed a group-level study, producing networks that synthesize characteristics of functional networks across the population under study
El, Chaoui El Ghor Hakim. "Modélisation planaire pour un RGB-D SLAM : localisation éparse et cartographie réduite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE054/document.
This thesis deals with the Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) problem in indoor environments. In this context, we chose a visual SLAM using an RGB-D sensor (Kinect) to estimate the camera trajectory and to build a 3D map of the environment in realtime. Despite RGB-D cameras advantages (low cost, color images and depth maps), depth data resulting from this kind of sensors may be noisy, which affects pose estimation. In addition,due to points clouds sizes, the resulting global map is heavyweight and contains many redundant 3D points. In order to reduce the impact of these weaknesses on resolving the SLAM problem, we propose to use 3D planes, which are dominant in indoor scenes, for both camera poses estimations and 3D based-planes maps building process. Hence, 3D planes are used to generate 3D planar feature featuring less depth noise than the raw points extracted directly from points clouds. By regularizing depth values of raw 3D feature points belonging to these planes, we improve pose estimation when the scene is mainly composed of planes. Then, the detected 3D planes are used to build the global 3D map, creating a light representation of the environment based on these planes. The map is iteratively built from each new camera pose either by merging new planes to the existing ones or by adding new planes to the map. Thus,unlike conventional point-based representation, the size of the resulting 3D map is considerably reduced and the built map is more compact compared to point-based maps.These maps maybe used by mobile robotics and navigation applications. To show the benefits of our works, the conducted experiments to evaluate localisation accuracy, the influence of subsampled RGB-Ddata on plane detection, as well as quality of 3D plane-based maps against real scenes. Such plane-based maps represents a first step towards semantic maps
Beaulant, Anne-Lise. "CARTOGRAPHIE DE LA POLLUTION PARTICULAIRE EN VILLE." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00949078.
Gomez, Cécile. "Potentiels des données de télédétection multisources pour la cartographie géologique : Application à la région de Rehoboth (Namibie)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665112.
gomez, cecile. "Potentiels des données de télédétection multisources pour la cartographie géologique : Application à la région de Rehoboth (Namibie)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008556.
Lin, Arkadii. "Cartographie topographique générative : un outil puissant pour la visualisation, l'analyse et la modélisation de données chimiques volumineuses." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF017.
This thesis concerns the application of the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) approach to the analysis, visualization, and modeling of Big Data in chemistry. The main topics covered in this work are multi-target virtual screening in drug design and large chemical libraries visualization, analysis, and comparison. Several methodological developments were suggested: (i) an automatized hierarchical GTM zooming algorithm helping to resolve the map resolution problem; (ii) an automatized Maximum Common Substructure (MCS) extraction protocol improving efficiency of data analysis; (iii) constrained GTM-based screening allowing to detect molecules with a desired pharmacological profile, and (iv) a parallel GTM technique, which significantly increases the speed of GTM training. Developed methodologies were implemented in a software package used in both academic (University of Strasbourg, France) and industrial (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma company, Germany) projects
Rioux, Jean-François. "Effet de la résolution spatiale des données de couverture terrestre sur la cartographie des services écologiques urbains." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33306.
Urban ecosystem services (ES) mapping is attracting a growing interest. However, the diversity of methods and data used can produce divergent results. In particular, estimating the effect of land cover (LC) data spatial resolution on mapping spatial flows of ES from greenspaces to beneficiaries remains a challenge. This study aimed to characterize this effect, in order to improve our ability to predict its magnitude for ES flows produced at different spatial scales. A high spatial resolution (1 m) LC map covering the territory of the city of Laval was acquired, and then aggregated to coarser resolutions of 3, 5, 10 and 15 m. Using these LC maps as input data, three ES were mapped: carbon storage (a global-flow ES), cooling and pollination (two local-flow ES). Results were analyzed for different land use types. Greenspaces cover was generally underestimated at a coarser spatial resolution, leading to an underestimation of calculated ES quantity. For local-flow ES, the effect of LC resolution also depended on changes in the spatial configuration of ES potential supply relative to ES demand. The magnitude of the effect varied between the different land use types, but also between different zones of analysis corresponding to the same land use type, as the effect was sensitive to the local landscape structure. These results demonstrate the importance of considering the effect of LC data spatial resolution when mapping urban ES, especially for local-flow ES. Using high spatial resolution LC data is recommended to adequately map the ES provided by the small greenspaces scattered through the urban fabric.
Labrecque, Sandra. "Cartographie de la biomasse forestière à l'aide des données d'inventaire forestier et des images TM de Landsat." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2376.
Hautot, Félix. "Cartographie topographique et radiologique 3D en temps réel : acquisition, traitement, fusion des données et gestion des incertitudes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS141.
In the field of nuclear related activities such as maintenance, decontamination and dismantling status reports of potentially contaminated or activated elements are required beforehand. For economic reasons, this status report must be quickly performed. So as to be done quickly, the operation is realized by an operator, and his exposure time must be reduced as much as possible. Concerning indoor environments, it can be hard to make such investigations due to out-of-date plans or maps, loose of GPS signal, pre-positioning of underlying or precalibrated systems. Indeed, the premises status report is obtained by coupling nuclear measurements and topographical mapping. In such kind of situation it is necessary to have a portative instrument that delivers an exhaustive radiological and topographical mapping in order to deliver a decision support concerning the best intervention scenario to set up as fast as possible. Furthermore, and so as to reduce operator’s exposure time, such kind of method must be usable in real time. This method enables to proceed to complex intervention within the best radiological previsions for optimizing operator’s exposition time and waste management. In this goal, Areva STMI then developed a nuclear measurement probes autonomous positioning and motion estimation system based on visual SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping). These developments led to apply a patent. This thesis consisted in pursuing this survey, especially decomposing all the underlying systems, continuing the data fusion developments, proposing optimisations, and setting the basis of a real-time associated uncertainties analysis. SLAM based on visual odometry can be performed with RGB-D sensor (Microsoft Kinect®-like sensors). The acquisition process delivers a 3D map containing radiological sensors poses (positions and orientations in 3D) and measurements (dose rate and CZT gamma spectrometry) without any external signal or device. Moreover, a few radioactive sources localization algorithms based on geostatistics and back projection of measurements can also be performed in near real-time. It is then possible to evaluate the position of radioactive sources in the scene and compute fast radiological mappings of premises close to the acquisition. The last part of this work consisted in developing an original method for real-time evaluation of the process chain and results accuracies. The evaluation of uncertainties and their propagation along the acquisition and process chain in real-time provide feedbacks on employed methods for investigations or intervention processes and enable to evaluate the reliability of acquired data. Finally, a set of benchmarks has been performed in order to estimate the results quality by comparing them to reference methods
Gimenez, Rollin. "Exploitation de données optiques multimodales pour la cartographie des espèces végétales suivant leur sensibilité aux impacts anthropiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ESAE0030.
Anthropogenic impacts on vegetated soils are difficult to characterize using optical remote sensing devices. However, these impacts can lead to serious environmental consequences. Their indirect detection is made possible by the induced alterations to biocenosis and plant physiology, which result in optical property changes at plant and canopy levels. The objective of this thesis is to map plant species based on their sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts using multimodal optical remote sensing data. Various anthropogenic impacts associated with past industrial activities are considered (presence of hydrocarbons in the soil, polymetallic chemical contamination, soil reworking and compaction, etc.) in a complex plant context (heterogeneous distribution of multiple species from different strata). Spectral, temporal and/or morphological information is used to identify genera and species and characterise their health status to define and map their sensitivity to the various anthropogenic impacts. Hyperspectral airborne images, Sentinel-2 time series and digital elevation models are then used independently or combined. The proposed scientific approach consists of three stages. The first one involves mapping anthropogenic impacts at site level by combining optical remote sensing data with data supplied by the site operator (soil analyses, activity maps, etc.). The second stage seeks to develop a vegetation mapping method using optical remote sensing data suitable to complex contexts like industrial sites. Finally, the variations in biodiversity and functional response traits derived from airborne hyperspectral images and digital elevation models are analysed in relation to the impact map during the third stage. The species identified as invasive species, as well as those related to agricultural and forestry practices, and biodiversity measures provide information about biological impacts. Vegetation strata mapping and characterisation of tree height, linked to secondary succession, are used to detect physical impacts (soil reworking, excavations). Finally, the consequences of induced stress on the spectral signature of susceptible species allow the identification of chemical impacts. Specifically, in the study context, the spectral signatures of Quercus spp., Alnus glutinosa, and grass mixtures vary with soil acidity, while those of Platanus x hispanica and shrub mixtures exhibit differences due to other chemical impacts
Martini, Audrey. "Télédétection d'un couvert neigeux en milieux alpins à partir de données SAR polarimétriques multi-fréquentielles et multi-temporelles." Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133805.
Boitard, Simon. "Cartographie de gènes à caractères quantitatifs par déséquilibre de liaison." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132675.
Da, Silva Franck. "Cartographie des interfaces protéine-protéine et recherche de cavités droguables." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF034/document.
Protein-protein interfaces are involved in many physiological mechanisms of living cells. Their characterization at the molecular level is therefore crucial in drug discovery.We propose here new methods for the analysis protein-protein interfaces of pharmaceutical interest. Our automated protocol detects the biologicaly relevant interfaces within the Protein Data Bank structures, droguables cavities, ligands present at the interface and pharmacophores derived directly from the cavities. Our method enables a state-of- the-art of all available structural information about protein-protein interfaces and predicts potential new targets for drug candidates