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1
Prado, Fabio Ornellas. "Avaliação clinicopatologica de condrossarcomas de cabeça e pescoço." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287860.
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Orientador: Marcio Ajudarte LopesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Os condrossarcomas são tumores malignos de etiologia desconhecida, em que as células tumorais formam tecido cartilaginoso. Embora a ocorrência seja rara, principalmente na região de cabeça e pescoço, é o segundo tumor ósseo primário maligno mais freqüente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi correlacionar os dados clinicopatológicos ao prognóstico dos pacientes portadores de condrossarcomas de cabeça e pescoço tratados no Departamento de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo. Foram selecionados 16 casos tratados no Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo entre 1953 e 2002. A idade média de acometimento no momento do diagnóstico foi de 36,5 anos, variando de 11 a 70 anos. Observou-se ligeira predileção pelo gênero masculino (56,2%). De acordo com a localização, 7 casos (43,8%) acometeram a maxila; 5 casos ocorreram em outros sítios (região etmoidal, fossa nasal [2 casos], fossa infra-temporal, região parietooccipital) e 4 pacientes (25,0%) desenvolveram condrossarcomas em mandíbula. A maioria dos casos foi tratada somente com cirurgia (6 casos, 40% do total). A sobrevida global, observada foi de 66,7% em 3 anos e 56,4% em 5 anos
Abstract: Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors of unknown etiology, in which tumoral cells form cartilagenous tissue. Although rare in head and neck region, chondrosarcomas are the second primary osseous tumor in frequency. The aim of the present study was correlate clinicopathological data to prognostic of patients with head and neck chondrosarcomas treated in the Head and Neck and Otolaringology Department of the A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital. There were 16 cases treated in the institution from 1953 to 2002. The mean age at diagnosis was 36.5 years, ranging from 11 to 70 years. A slight male preference was observed (56,2%). According to the location, 7 cases (43,8%) accomited maxilla; 5 cases occured at other sites (ethmoidal region, nasal fossa [2 cases], infratemporal fossa, parieto-occipital region) and 4 patients (25,0%) had mandibular lesions. Most of cases were treated with surgery alone (6 cases, 40%). The observed overall survival was 66,7% for 3-year and 56,4% for 5-year
Doutorado
Patologia
Doutor em Estomatopatologia
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Dickinson, Sally Clare. "Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and cartilage degradation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323419.
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Girdler, N. M. "The role of mandibular condylar cartilage in articular cartilage repair." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309110.
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Cook, James L. "Three-dimensional chondrocyte culture : in vitro and in vivo applications /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924877.
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Hoch, Johanna M. "SERUM CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN: A BIOMARKER FOR ACUTE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DAMAGE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/3.
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Bone bruise lesions (BBL) are documented on MRIs diagnosing acute knee ligament injury (AKLI). Recent evidence has indicated that a majority of patients that sustain an AKLI, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) knee injury, will develop post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) 10-20 years following injury. It has been proposed that the initial damage sustained to the articular cartilage overlying BBL causes a cascade of events that may result in PTOA.
Researchers have proposed a modification to treatment protocols for more severe BBL, or have stressed the need for the development of protective therapies to protect the articular cartilage. However, there are limited tools available to evaluate the clinical outcome of articular cartilage overlying BBL. Furthermore, damage to the cartilage overlying BBL may be different according to differing BBL severities. Therefore, the use of a cartilage degradation biomarker, serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) and the use of a BBL severity classification system may be useful to determine if differences exist between patients with and without BBL, and with differing BBL severities.
The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the utility of sCOMP as a biomarker for acute articular cartilage damage. The purposes of these studies were to determine the inter and intraday reliability of this marker, to document sCOMP longitudinally in collegiate athletes and following AKLI, and to determine if differences in sCOMP and self-reported pain and function exist for patients with and without BBL, and differing BBL following AKLI.
The results of these studies indicated sCOMP measures had strong inter and intraday reliability. Additionally, exercise does seem to influence sCOMP levels; however, these elevations may not be clinically meaningful. Furthermore, sCOMP levels were not different between patients with BBL and without, and between differing BBL severities. The results of these studies support the use of a BBL severity classification for future research studies in order to further elucidate the outcomes of these lesions.
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Hamm, Christopher Allan Soares Marcelo B. "Functional genomic analyses of the impact of global hypomethylation and of tumor microenvironment in a rat model of human chondrosarcoma." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/372.
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Wong, Brian Jet-Fei. "Laser mediated cartilage reshaping." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60182.
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Getgood, Alan Martin John. "Articular cartilage tissue engineering." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608764.
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Makower, Anne-Marie. "Regulation of chondrocyte growth i̲n̲ v̲i̲t̲r̲o̲." Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=j0pqAAAAMAAJ.
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Tsang, Kwok-yeung. "Molecular pathogenesis of abnormal chondrocyte differentiation in a transgenic mouse model /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35132796.
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Arora, Arvind. "Potential of qMRI in the study of articular cartilage and cartilage repair tissue." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613644.
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Yang, Ziquan. "Repair of cartilage injury using gene modified stem cells and acellular cartilage matrix." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501585.
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Seol, Dong Rim. "Chondrogenic progenitor cell response to cartilage injury and its application for cartilage repair." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1262.
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Focal damage to cartilage sustained in serious joint injuries typically goes unrepaired and may progress to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. However, in a bovine explant model we found that cartilage damage provoked the emergence of highly migratory cells that homed to the site of injury and appeared to re-populate dead zones. We hypothesized that the migrating population were chondrogenic progenitor cells engaged in cartilage repair. The surfaces of bovine osteochondral explants injured by blunt impact were serially imaged to follow cell migration. Migrating cells harvested from cartilage surfaces were tested for clonogenic, side population, chemotactic activities and multipotency in in vitro assays. Gene expression in migrating cells was evaluated by microarray and their potential for spontaneous cartilage regeneration was assessed in a chondral defect model. Migrating cells emerged from superficial zone cartilage and efficiently repopulated areas where chondrocyte death had occurred. In confocal examination with high magnification, we could clearly observe the morphology of elongated progenitor cells which were migrating toward cartilage defect area and these cells were distinguishable from round chondrocytes. The cells were also activated to migrate in cartilage defect model. Most migrated cells in fibrin were morphologically elongated and a few cells were differentiating to chondrocyte-like cells with the deposit of proteoglycans. These cells proved to be highly clonogenic and capable of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, but not adipogenesis. They were more active in chemotaxis assays than chondrocytes, showed a significantly larger side population, and over-expressed progenitor cell markers and genes involved in migration, chemotaxis, and proliferation. To active migration of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) short-term enzymatic method was used around edge of cartilage defect. Surprisingly, CPCs migrated into fibrin defect and were differentiating into chondrocytes with abundant deposit of proteoglycans. This result strongly supports that progenitor cells are activated in traumatic cartilage injury and have great potential for cartilage repair. In conclusion, migrating cells on injured explant surfaces are chondrogenic progenitors from the superficial zone that were activated by cartilage damage to attempt repair. Facilitating this endogenous process could allow repair of focal defects that would otherwise progress to post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
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Fenwick, S. A. "Models of cartilage vascularisation : the vasculature and its effects on developing and osteoarthritic cartilage." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29481.
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The vascularisation of cartilage, despite its importance in development and a number of disease processes has yet to be fully elucidated. The work presented here lends evidence for a major role for the vasculature in the erosion of cartilage. A soluble factor or factors produced by the endothelium is responsible for the degeneration and subsequent death of hypertrophic chondrocytes. The cartilage itself, however, may also have a role, as it is also shown that only a particular subset of hypertrophic chondrocytes can become invaded by the vasculature, and only at a specific time when placed on the chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). Evidence is provided that the control of this may be periosteally derived, and further evidence suggests that the breakdown of cartilage hyaluronan may be an initiating factor in the process.;The collagen expression of the degenerate chondrocytes is not adversely affected qualitatively by the endothelium, except for a loss of type X collagen, though quantitatively, there is a large reduction in the amount of collagen produced. Of importance, is that throughout the degeneration process, and despite the loss of chondrocyte morphology, the cells maintain expression of type II collagen and there is no specific switch to type I collagen production that is associated with some morphological changes in chondrocytes The ultimate fate of these chondrocytes could not be convincingly elucidated.;Finally, the vascularisation of human OA cartilage was studied. Human OA cartilage loses its ability to remain avascular when placed into an in-vivo model of vascularisation, the chick CAM. The vascular invasion is associated with a loss of histochemical staining for proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans and a deposition of type I and type X collagens around the invasive vessel.
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Togo, Takeshi. "Identification of cartilage progenitor cells in the adult ear perichondrium : utilization for cartilage reconstruction." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135826.
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Andrade, Andre Luis Lugnani de. "Expressão do fator de transcrição HIF - 1'alfa' em condrocitos humanos cultivados em condições normais de oxigenio." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309649.
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Orientador: Ibsen Bellini CoimbraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Introdução: Os condrócitos da cartilagem articular vivem em um ambiente com baixa concentração de oxigênio. Nestas condições, a proteína do fator induzido por hipóxia (HIF-1a) mantém-se estável e ativa genes que são fundamentais na homeostase do oxigênio. A expressão do HIF-1a aumenta, em joelhos com osteoartrite (OA), principalmente nas áreas mais afetadas pela degeneração. Os condrócitos são capazes de produzir mediadores inflamatórios, como a interleucina-1 (IL-1) e o fator de necrose tumoral a (TNF-a), que estimulam a produção de prostaglandinas, metaloproteinases e óxido nítrico e relacionam-se com o início e com a progressão da osteoartrite. Os antiinflamatórios são drogas freqüentemente utilizadas no tratamento sintomático da OA. Material e Método: condrócitos humanos de joelhos osteoartríticos cultivados em suspensão e em condições normais de oxigênio foram divididos em quatro grupos: 1) controle, 2) estimulados com IL-1 ou TNF-a, 3) estimulados com meloxicam ou parecoxibe e 4) estimulados com meloxicam ou parecoxibe associados a IL-1 ou TNF-a. Os grupos foram submetidos à extração de RNA (ácido ribonucléico) e de proteína nuclear. O RNA foi convertido em cDNA, sendo então realizada a reação de PCR em tempo real para verificar a expressão do HIF-1a. As proteínas nucleares foram extraídas, quantificadas e analisadas pela técnica de Western Blotting. Resultados: Foi detectada a expressão de HIF-1a e cDNA de HIF-1a em todos os grupos de condrócitos cultivados em suspensão em tensões normais de oxigênio, não havendo diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Discussão: a meia-vida do HIF-1a é extremamente curta em normóxia e marcadamente prolongada em hipóxia, por isso muitos pesquisadores acreditam não ser possível a detecção da proteína do HIF-1a em condrócitos cultivados em condições normais de oxigênio. Neste estudo foi possível constatar a expressão do HIF-1a em normóxia, possivelmente devido ao modelo de cultura utilizado. O estímulo com IL-1, TNF-a e inibidores da COX-2 não alterou a expressão de HIF-1a. Condrócitos oriundos de articulações osteoartríticas avançadas poderiam apresentar resistência à ação das citocinas
Abstract: Introduction: The chondrocytes of joint surface live in low concentration of oxygen environment. In this condition, the hypoxia inducible factor 1 a (HIF-1a) becomes stable and regulates the expression of genes that are important for oxygen homeostasis. The expression of HIF-1a mRNA is augmented in chondrocytes from osteoarthritic knees, especially in more degenerated areas. Chondrocytes are capable of producing inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumoral necrosis factor a (TNF-a), that stimulate the production of prostaglandin, metalloproteinases and nitric oxide, correlated with the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. Antiinflammatory drugs are frequently used in the treatment of symptoms of osteoarthritis. Material e Methods: human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic knees were cultivated in suspension and in normal tension of oxygen. The cells were divided in 4 groups: control, stimulated with IL-1 or TNF-a, stimulated with meloxicam or parecoxib and the last one stimulated with meloxicam or parecoxib and IL-1 or TNF-a. Nuclear protein and RNA were extracted from these cells. cDNA was synthesized from RNA and real time PCR was performed with this product in order to determine HIF-1a expression. Nuclear protein was analyzed using the Western-Blotting method. Results: HIF-1a and HIF-1a mRNA was detectable in all cell groups, and there was not a statistic significant difference between them. Discussion: As half live of HIF-1a is extremely short when in normoxic and greater in hypoxic conditions, many researchers believe it is not possible to detect this protein in chondrocytes cultivated in normoxic environment. Our results presented expression of HIF-1a in normal oxygen tensions, probably due to the fact that chondrocytes were cultivated in suspension. As chondrocytes were obtained from advanced osteoarthritic knees and in such conditions the cells can be more resistant to the action of cytokines, this could explain why IL-1, TNF-a and antiinflamatory did not result in modification of HIF-1a
Mestrado
Clinica Medica
Mestre em Clinica Medica
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Sitterle, Valerie B. "Photoactivated Fixation of Cartilage Tissue." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7609.
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Cartilage repair and/or replacement is necessary for many orthopaedic conditions including fissures from blunt trauma, autograft or allograft transplantation, and replacement of focal defects with biological or synthetic constructs. In cartilage repair, initial integration between the host tissue and repair site is desirable to allow for nutrient transport, molecular deposition to enhance fixation, and eventual stress transmission across the interface. It has been postulated that effective transport and crosslinking of newly synthesized collagen molecules across a repair site may be vital to the process of integrative repair, and recent experiments have correlated collagen deposition with the strength of such repair. Other investigations have shown that enzymatic degradation of the cartilage surface may enhance integrative repair and can increase bond strength of an adhesive to cartilage.
This study explored a novel approach involving photochemical bonding of cartilage tissue samples through collagen crosslinking as a means to achieve rapid and effective initial fixation, with the goal of enhancing biological integration. Photosensitized collagen gels were first analyzed via FTIR to determine the crosslinking effects with respect to collagen type and photochemical mechanism. Using the photogellation FTIR results as a parametric guide, in vitro mechanical testing of photochemically bonded meniscal fibrocartilage and hyaline articular cartilage tissues was performed using a modified single-lap shear test. Finally, the cellular viability and bond stability of a photochemically bonded cartilage interface was evaluated over seven days of in vitro culture, where the bond strength was assessed by pushout of cores from annular defects. Results of this study have demonstrated the potential of combining enzymatic surface modification with photodynamic techniques to directly bond cartilage tissues for initial fixation.
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Rains, Jeffrey K. "Mechanical properties of tracheal cartilage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27994.
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Large airways collapse has been implicated as one of the causes of maximal expiratory flow limitation. Since cartilage plays an important role in maintaining the form of these airways, an understanding of the mechanical properties of the cartilage is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms which limit maximal expiratory flow. This work establishes a technique whereby the tensile stiffness of human tracheal cartilage can be determined using uniaxial equilibrium tensile tests. A technique was developed in which standard shaped specimens were cut from tracheal cartilage rings and tested in a specially designed tensile tester in order to determine the stress-strain relationship of the specimen. The stress-strain relationship of the cartilage test specimens was found to be linear up to approximately 10 % strain. However, irreversible disruption of the cartilage matrix occurred at strains greater than 10 %. The tensile stiffness of the tracheal cartilage fell in the range 1-20 MPa and was found to decrease with increasing depth from the outer surface of the tissue. This layer-wise variation in tensile stiffness reflected the orientation of the collagen fibrils in the tissue. An age-related increase in the tensile stiffness of tracheal cartilage was found. This age-related change in tensile stiffness may reflect an increase in collagen cross-linking in specimens from older individuals. A possible bias of the test method toward the measurement of the mechanical properties of the collagen fibrils, as opposed the combined effects of the collagen and proteoglycans, was suspected. However, to the extent that equilibrium tensile testing reflects the ability of tracheal cartilage to bend in response to alterations in transmural pressure, these results suggest that age-related changes in large airway cartilage stiffness are not the cause of the age-related decrease in maximal expiratory flow.Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Gratz, Kenneth R. "Biomechanics of articular cartilage defects." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3284116.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mansfield, Jessica. "Multi-photon microscopy of cartilage." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/42345.
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Articular cartilage has been imaged using the following multi-photon modalities: Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), Two-photon Fluorescence (TPF) and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS). A simple epi detection microscope was constructed for SHG and TPF imaging in the early stages of this research. Later the imaging was transferred to a new microscope system which allowed simultaneous forwards and epi detection and combined CARS imaging with TPF and SHG. Multiphoton spectroscopic studies were conducted on both intact tissue samples and the major components of the extracellular matrix, in order to identify sources of TPF. Fluorescence was detected from type II collagen, elastin and samples of purified collagen and elastin crosslinks. Age related glycation crosslinks of collagen may be a significant source of TPF. No fluorescence was detected from proteoglycans. In intact, unfixed healthy articular cartilage the cells were observed via CARS, surrounded in their pericellular matrix which is characterised by an increase in TPF. The collagen of the extra cellular matrix showed up clearly in the SHG images. Diseased cartilage was also imaged revealing microscopic lesion at the articular surface in early osteoarthritis and highly fibrous collagen structures and cell clusters in more advanced degeneration. In young healthy cartilage a network of elastin fibres were found lying parallel to the articular surface in the most superficial 50μm of the tissue. Regional variations in these fibres were also investigated. The fibres appeared mainly long and straight suggesting that they may be under tension, further work is needed to identify whether they have a mechanical function. The polarization sensitivity of the SHG from collagen has been investigated for both cartilage and tendon. In the most superficial tissue these measurements can be used directly to determine the collagen fibre orientation. However at increasing depths the effects of biattenuation and birefringence must be considered. Healthy cartilage has a characteristic pattern of polarization sensitivity with depth and this changes at lesions indicating a disruption of the normal collagen architecture. The methods developed in this thesis demonstrate the use of non-linear microscopy to visualise the structure of the extracellular matrix and cells in intact unstained tissue. They should also be appropriate in many areas of cell and matrix biology.
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Arkill, Kenton Paul. "Mass transport in articular cartilage." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421565.
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Burgin, Leanne Victoria. "Impact loading of articular cartilage." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288339.
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Impact loads have been implicated in the initiation of secondary osteoarthritis but in the absence of defined injury this is difficult to rest rigorously. The response to controlled impacts of samples of cartilage and bone in isolation and together, may yield valuable insights into how tissue properties may influence degenerative changes associated with osteoarthritis. A rigid instrumented drop tower was constructed and interfaced to a LabVIEW software oscilloscope modified to capture and store data to disk. Controlled impact loads were applied to cores of articular cartilage, both isolated and in situ on the underlying bone or bonded to substrates of different material properties. Bovine tissue from the carpometacarpal joint and human cartilage from elderly femoral heads was used. The response of the samples was investigated in terms of a dynamic stiffness, energy absorbed and coefficient of restitution. In addition the quasistatic modulus was measured from compression tests in order to compare the values for the stiffness of cartilage and bone at different rates of stress and strain. Composition analysis was then performed on human cartilage samples to investigate if there was any correlation between the biochemical constituents and mechanical factors. The dynamic stiffness of the cartilage samples was governed by peak stress and did not show a high sensitivity to strain rate. Cartilage had good force attenuating properties in situ on bone and the substrates. The greater volume of the stiffer underlying substrate dominated the response of the composite samples. For the human cartilage samples the dynamic stiffness was most correlated to percentage collagen whereas the quasistatic modulus was most correlated with water content. Overall the biochemical composition was a poor predictor of stiffness which indicates the importance of interactions between the matrix constituents in the tissue response to an applied load.
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Treppo, Steven. "Physical diagnostics of cartilage degeneration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85263.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard--Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, February 1999."January 1999."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-239).
by Steven Treppo.
Ph.D.
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Merly, Liza. "Immunomodulation by Shark Cartilage Extracts." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/420.
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The immune system is composed of innate and adaptive mechanisms. Innate immune responses are significantly modulated by immunomodulatory factors that act through the induction of specific patterns of cytokine production in responding cells. Human leukocytes have been shown to respond to substance(s) present in acid extracts of commercial shark cartilage (SC). Shark cartilage is a food supplement taken by consumers as a prophylaxis and for the treatment of conditions ranging from arthritis to cancer. No reliable scientific evidence in the literature supports the alleged usefulness of shark cartilage supplements, but their use remains popular. Cartilage extracts exhibit immunomodulatory properties by inducing various inflammatory, Th1-type cytokines and potent chemokines in human peripheral blood leukocytes (HPBL) in vitro. The objectives of the study were to (1) to determine the nature of the active component(s), (2) to define the scope of cellular response to SC extract, and (3) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying bioactivity. Results showed that there are at least two cytokine-inducing components which are acid stable. One anionic component has been identified as a small (14-21 kDa) glycoprotein with at least 40% carbohydrate content. Shark cartilage stimulated HPBL to produce cytokines resembling an inflammatory, Th1 polarized response. Leukocyte-specific responses consist of both initial cytokine responses to SC directly (i.e., TNF-a) and secondary responses such as the IFN-γ response by lymphocytes following initial SC stimulation. Response of RAW cells, a murine macrophage cell line, indicated that TNF-α could be induced in macrophages of another mammalian species in the absence of other cell types. The results suggest that the human monocyte/macrophage is most likely to be the initial responding cell to SC stimulation. Stimulation of cells appears to engage at least one ligand-receptor interaction with TLR 4, although the role of TLR 2 cannot be ruled out. Initial activation is likely followed by the activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK signal transduction pathways resulting in activation, release, and translocation of transcription factor nuclear factor κB (Nf-kB). This dissertation research study represents the first in-depth study into characterizing the bioactive component(s) of commercial shark cartilage responsible for its immunomodulating properties and defining cellular responses at the molecular level.
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Loeuille, Damien. "Micro-imagerie RMN du cartilage." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN11307.
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Zhang, Le. "Neutral solute transport in cartilage." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 165 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601524361&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Parker, Eleanor. "Mechanical loading and cartilage physiology." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2011. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8zzqy/mechanical-loading-and-cartilage-physiology.
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Whilst mechanical impact is known to be essential for cartilage maintenance, it has been noted that altered joint loading and increased force may lead to cartilage degradation and increase the risk for the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the cellular responses of chondrocytes to mechanical impact, and the effects of possible chondroprotective agents for OA preventative strategies in individuals exposed to high impact, repetitive loading. Single-impact mechanical trauma (force 1.14 N, pressure 6.47 KPa) was determined to induce biphasic decrease in cell volume to 647.38±60.38 μm3 at 2 h and 516.52±38.86 μm3 at 48 h, the initial phase of which was observed to be an active mechanotransduction mechanism, termed Impact-Induced Volume Decrease (IIVD), and the subsequent phase to be Apoptotic Volume Decrease (AVD). The newly defined IIVD was concluded to be dependent upon the PKC/PLCβ3 pathway, and possibly mediated by intracellular Ca2+ store release and Volume Sensitive Organic Anion Channel (VSOAC) activity. Furthermore, mechanical impact was observed to induce a rapid decrease in F-actin from 1.19±0.13 MU to 0.87±0.02 MU, termed Impact-Induced Actin Decrease (IIAD) and associated with the biphasic rise in cell death at rates of 2.75±0.41 %.h-1 and 0.66±0.03 %.h-1. Both in vivo exercise and in vitro mechanical load induced a release IL-1β (20.67±2.58 % and 5.86±0.21 AU), MCP-1 (25.69±0.53 % and 1.45±0.01 AU) and IL-10 (8.97±2.40 % and 5.55±0.28 AU), with in vivo concentrations correlating with joint magnitude and strike patterns. Decreased levels of IL-1β and MCP-1 (to 9.60±2.34 % and 9.01±2.34 %, respectively) observed in the evening were further confirmed using a hyperosmotic-treated in vitro model of prolonged static-loaded cartilage with evidence for a IL-1β-dominated paracrine loop between articular cartilage and mononuclear phagocytes. In vitro, chondroprotective and antiinflammatory actions of chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine sulphate, REV 5901 and Tamoxifen were associated with a reduction in pre-impact cell volume (average of 31.91±4.19 %) and increased pre-impact actin levels (average of 39.92±9.29 %). Anti-inflammatory agents, curcumin and dexamethasone exhibited less effective chondroprotective actions, via inhibition of IL-1β (average of 83.45±1.30 %) and thus apoptosis. To conclude, high impact exercise is recommended with a place for chondroprotective properties of chondroitin, glucosamine sulphate and/or curcumin in high-risk groups before OA onset.
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Rowles, Christopher. "Visualisation of Articular Cartilage Microstructure." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/52984.
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This thesis developed image processing techniques enabling the detection and segregation of biological three dimensional images into its component features based upon shape and relative size of the features detected. The work used articular cartilage images and separated fibrous components from the cells and background noise. Measurement of individual components and their recombination into a composite image are possible. Developed software was used to analyse the development of hyaline cartilage in developing sheep embryos.
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SCARPA, TOMMASO. "BIOPOLYMERS FOR CARTILAGE TISSUE-ENGINEERING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2007. http://thesis2.sba.units.it/store/handle/item/12302.
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BONNET, ISABELLE. "Les traumatismes du cartilage triradie." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3041.
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Brodkin, Kathryn Rhea. "Chondrocyte behavior in monolayer culture : the effects of protein substrates and culture media." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20216.
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Jin, Moonsoo 1971. "Regulation of cartilage metabolism by dynamic tissue shear strain and the mechanical characterization of cartilage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9787.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-82).
I investigated the physical regulation of cartilage metabolism induced by dynamic tissue shear strain, and also the mechanical behavior under shear strain, especially focused on shear modulus, under different shear strain, frequency, compressive offset, and physiochemical environment. For this purpose, a new instrument was developed to apply axial deformations as small as lµm and sinusoidal rotations as small as 0.5% up to 4% based on 1 mm thickness of tissue under feedback control. This apparatus is small enough (30 cm high x 25 cm x 20 cm) to be placed in a standard incubator for long-term tissue culture loading studies. Consistent with previous studies, articular cartilage showed a typical viscoelastic material behavior under shear strain, and the shear modulus increased when the frequency and compressive offset was increased, or the applied shear strain was decreased. This shear softening effect was found to be related to the transient response of cartilage. The equilibrium stress was linear with shear strain. Under different ionic strengths, articular cartilage showed a decrease in the shear modulus up to 1.0 M NaCl bath concentration, but interestingly above this point the shear modulus began to increase while axial stiffness monotonically decreased. Biosynthetic response of chondrocytes under 0.1 Hz and 1 % sinusoidal shear strain, which was measured by the incorporation rate of 35 S-sulfate and 3 H-proline, was significantly increased compared to the incorporation level of statically compressed or unloaded free-swelling controls. To check the local stimulation by relative fluid flow which can be induced in the outer peripheral region, the incorporation rate of 2 mm center region and outer ring region was compared to those of static and free swelling controls. Unlike axial compression, where the incorporation rate in the outer ring region was greater than the 2 mm center region due to fluid flow and cell deformation, the effect of shear strain was uniformly distributed over the entire area, so the increased biosynthetic effect under shear strain is more related with direct mechanical deformation of chondrocytes rather than fluid flow, changes in hydrostatic pressure, or electrical or chemical environment.
by Moonsoo Jin.
S.M.
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Stoker, Aaron. "Evaluation of the metabolic responses of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage in vitro and in vivo /." Free to MU Campus, others may purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144460.
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Hwang, Jennifer. "Integration of cartilage and bone through a calcified cartilage interface to form a functional osteochondral graft." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3407906.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 22, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ghanavi, Parisa. "Effects of cartilage dust on cartilage formation in in vitro and in ectopic in vivo models." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101499/1/Parisa_Ghanavi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a comparative study of cartilage tissue regeneration by the tissue’s resident cells with or without adding the tissue matrix’s particles, in the lab and followed by implantation in mouse. Incorporation of the particles with the cells appears to be a viable strategy to increase the cartilage-like matrix content in the short-term, and the particles appear to integrate into the regenerated tissue in the long-term.
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Srinivasan, Jayendran. "Investigation of internal fluid pressure in cells." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4177.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 114 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-77).
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Meirelles, Vanessa Morales [UNESP]. "Avaliação do laser de baixa intensidade na regeneração de cartilagem articular do joelho de coelhos submetidos à trocleoplastia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101168.
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meirelles_vm_dr_jabo.pdf: 1134100 bytes, checksum: b4602b4a9ef93b3deb00fc8b50e5af14 (MD5)A osteoartrose (OA) do joelho é uma doença de caráter inflamatório e degenerativo que provoca a destruição da cartilagem articular e leva à deformidade da articulação. A luxação patelar é um problema ortopédico comum na clínica de pequenos animais. A cirurgia não impede a progressão da OA. O laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) tem sido utilizado para acelerar processos de reparação tecidual, por aumentar o fluxo sangüíneo, possuir ação antiinflamatória, antiedematosa, analgésica e estimular o metabolismo celular. Este trabalho estudou a influência da laserterapia em dois espectros eletromagnéticos, vermelho e infravermelho, na reparação cartilagínea, diferenciando histologicamente o tipo de cartilagem formada durante a reparação articular. Foram utilizados 36 coelhos machos raça Norfolk divididos em 3 grupos com 12 animais cada: G1 (controle, trocleoplastia sem tratamento pós-operatório), G2 (trocleoplastia + irradiação laser 670 nm) e G3 (trocleoplastia + irradiação laser 904 nm). Os animais dos grupos G2 e G3 foram irradiados diariamente, com intervalo de 24 horas, durante 10 dias utilizando um laser In-Ga-Al com comprimento de onda (λ) de 670 e um laser de As-Ga com λ de 904 nm respectivamente, na dose de 2 J por ponto totalizando 4 pontos. Os grupos G2 e G3 apresentaram recuperação funcional mais rápida que G1. Histologicamente, G3 apresentou um aspecto osteocondral mais regular, com formação de cartilagem hialina enquanto em G1 e G2 formou-se fibrocartilagem
Stifle osteoarthrosis is an inflammatory and degenerative disease that causes destruction of the articular cartilage and leads to deformity in the articulation. Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic problem in the clinic of small animals. The surgery does not avoid the progression of the osteoarthrosis. Low intensity laser has been used to improve degenerated processes for it increases blood flow, it has antiinflammatory, antiedematous, analgesic effects and stimulates cellular metabolism. This work studied the influence of laser therapy of two electromagnetic spectra, red and infrared, for repairing cartilage, histologically telling apart the kind of cartilage formed during articular regeneration. We use 36 male rabbits bred Norfolk divided into 3 groups with 12 animals each: G1 (control, trochleoplasty without treatment post-operatory), G2 (trochleoplasty + laser therapy 670 nm) and G3 (trochleoplasty + laser therapy 904 nm). The animals from G2 and G3 were irradiated daily with an interval of 24 hours over 10 days using a laser Ga-Al-In with wavelength (λ) of 670 and a Ga-As laser with λ 904 nm respectively. At a dose of 2 J per point total of 4 points. The groups G2 and G3 showed faster functional recovery that G1. Histologically, G3 had a most regular osteochondral aspect, with hyaline cartilage formation while in G1 and G2 formed fibrocartilage
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Coelho, Lívia de Paula. "Células-tronco mesenquimais autólogas no tratamento da osteoartrite induzida da articulação coxofemoral em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150483.
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Orientador: Bruno Watanabe MintoBanca: Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias
Banca: Paulo César Jark
Resumo: A cartilagem articular possui capacidade de reparação limitada, aumentado a predisposição ao desenvolvimento de alterações degenerativas, muitas vezes irreversíveis. Diversas formas de tratamento, cirúrgicas ou conservativas, são descritas, entretanto a terapêutica da osteoartrite continua sendo grande desafio ao médico veterinário. Neste contexto, a pesquisa envolvendo células-tronco mesenquimais destaca-se na busca de melhorias e avanços na reparação da cartilagem articular. Objetivou-se, no presente projeto, comparar a regeneração cartilaginosa da articulação coxofemoral de coelhos, com e sem o transplante de células-tronco mesenquimais autólogas, por meio de exames radiográficos e histopatológicos. Dois grupos, com 15 animais da espécie leporina cada, foram submetidos à indução química de osteoartrite com solução de colagenase 2% na articulação coxofemoral direita. No Grupo 1 (Células-tronco) realizou-se a aplicação intra-articular de células-tronco mesenquimais autólogas, enquanto que, o Grupo 2 (Controle) foi constituído por animais submetidos à aplicação intra-articular de solução salina estéril. Foram realizadas avaliações radiográficas e histopatológicas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a aplicação. Os resultados histológicos deste ensaio indicam que células-tronco mesenquimais (Grupo 1) melhoraram discretamente a qualidade do tecido de reparo, de acordo com os critérios da escala semi-quantitativa ICRS 1 ("International Cartilage Repair Society"). O Grupo 1 (Células-Tronco... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The articular cartilage has limited repair capacity, leading to an increased risk for degenerative changes, potentially irreversible. Several treatments, surgical or not, are described, however osteoarthritis remains a major challenge for the veterinarian. In this context, research involving mesenchymal stem cells stands out. The aim of this study was to compare cartilage regeneration of the hip in rabbits, with and without the transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Radiographic and histopathological evaluation were used. Thirty rabbits were submitted to chemical induction of osteoarthritis with a 2% colagenase in the right hip. They were divided into 2 groups of 15 animals each: Group 1 (intra-articular application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells) and Group 2 (control - intra-articular application of sterile saline solution). Radiographic and histopathological evaluations were performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after application. The mesenchymal stem cells group (Group 1) showed slight improvement of the quality of the repair tissue, according to the semi-quantitative scale criteria ICRS 1 (International Cartilage Repair Society). The Group 1 (Stem Cells) showed superiority in relation to Group 2, specially in the parameters joint surface, extracellular matrix and cellular distribution.
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Ishiguro, Naoki, Toshihisa Kojima, and A. Robin Poole. "Mechanism of cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5380.
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Rafi, Ali. "Estrogen action in growth plate cartilage." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5463.
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Barco, Andres. "Self-assembling peptides for cartilage regeneration." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19600/.
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Loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage contributes to a decrease in mechanical properties and function in vitro, and is considered to be a major contributor to disease progression. The aims of this investigation were to test the hypothesis that a combination of self-assembling peptides (SAPs) and chondroitin sulfate (glycosaminoglycan; GAG) would restore the biomechanical properties of GAG depleted porcine condylar cartilage, ideally to a level intrinsic to native porcine condylar cartilage. The SAPs investigated were members of the P11 series which have been designed to spontaneously self-assemble into three-dimensional fibrilar hydrogels, in response to physiological conditions. Initial studies were carried out to determine which of three peptides (P11-4, P11-8 and P11-12) demonstrated high β-sheet percentage, long-woven fibrilar networks and high stiffness; when mixed with chondroitin sulfate at two different GAG molar ratios (1:16 and 1:64) in physiological conditions, using FTIR analysis, transmission electron microscopy and rheology. The β-sheet percentage, dimensions of fibrils and stiffness were dependent upon the peptide, GAG molar ratio and Na2+ salt concentration. P11-4 and P11-8: GAG mixtures had high β-sheet percentage ranging from 50.6-91 % and 81.7-92 %, respectively. Fibril lengths of the P11-4 and P11-8: GAG mixtures were in the range 498- 3518 nm and the elastic shear modulus (G’) ranged from 4,479-10,720 Pa and 7,722-26,854 Pa, respectively. P11-4 and P11-8: GAG mixtures were selected for further investigation. In order to produce a GAG depleted cartilage model, porcine femoral condylar cartilage was subjected to three different methods of GAG depletion (1) coating the surface with chondroitinase ABC (2) injecting chondroitinase ABC into the cartilage (3) washing the condyles in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). GAG depletion was successfully achieved following two 24 hour washes in 0.1 % (w/v) SDS and buffer washes. Histological analysis of safranin O stained sections revealed an absence of GAGs. Quantification of GAGs using the dimethylemethylene blue assay revealed that 75 % of GAGs had been removed. In order to assess the effects of peptide: GAG mixtures on the biomechanical properties of the GAG depleted porcine condylar cartilage a biomechanical test method was developed. A series of indentation tests using different loads, followed by finite element analysis of the data were performed on native and GAG depleted porcine condylar cartilage; to identify a suitable load for detection of a significant difference in the deformation, equilibrium elastic modulus and permeability between the native and GAG depleted porcine condylar cartilages. A load of 0.31 N was identified as the most appropriate. GAG depleted porcine condylar cartilage was injected with P11-4 and P11-8 alone, P11-4 and P11-8 : GAG mixtures at a molar ratio of 1:64 and chondroitin sulfate alone. The average percentage deformation of the medial condylar cartilage samples injected with P11-4 alone and P11-4: GAG mixture was 15.5 % and 8.7 % and for P11-8 alone and P11-8: GAG mixture was 11.4 % and 9.1 % respectively; compared to 6.3 % for the native cartilage and 12.6 % for the GAG depleted cartilage. The average equilibrium elastic modulus of the medial cartilage samples injected with P11-4 alone and P11-4: GAG mixture was 0.16 MPa and 0.43 MPa and for P11-8 alone and P11-8: GAG, 0.23 MPa and 0.35 MPa, respectively; compared to 0.49 MPa for the native cartilage and 0.21 MPa for the GAG depleted cartilage. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that a mixture of P11-4: GAG, but not P11-8: GAG restored both the percentage deformation and equilibrium elastic modulus of the GAG depleted cartilage to levels that were not significantly different to the native cartilage. This study has shown that the use of P11-4 in combination with chondroitin sulfate has future potential for development as a minimally invasive treatment for early stage osteoarthritis.
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Chan, Alex Dart Ming. "Neurogenic modulation of articular cartilage degeneration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ41123.pdf.
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Covert, Rebeccah Jean. "Durability evaluation of articular cartilage prostheses." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17596.
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Gribbon, Philip. "Biophysical properties of glycoaminoglycans and cartilage." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294795.
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Finlay, Scott. "Towards acellular constructs for cartilage repair." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612556.
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The unique structure and biochemical composition of articular cartilage determine its biomechanical properties and in turn, its functionality. Current clinical techniques available to repair damaged cartilage are unable to reliably regenerate mechanically stable, functional tissue. Hence there is a need to identify new and effective means to repair damaged cartilage. The underpinning concept and long term aim of this research is that of "acellular repair", to produce a direct replacement for damaged cartilage using acellular cartilage-like constructs developed via tissue engineering principals: I) seeding of suitable cells onto scaffolds and culture in chondrogenic medium; 2) application of cyclic compressive loading to promote cell differentiation and deposition of cartilage-like matrix; 3) achievement of construct mechanical properties comparable to native cartilage and 4) construct decellularisation to avoid any immune response following implantation in to the patient. The aim of this thesis is to begin optimisation of the parameters required to deliver the acellular repair. Human foetal osteoblastic cells (1.19 cell line; hFOB), bovine synoviocytes and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were investigated by seeding onto polyethylene terephthalate non-woven fibre scaffolds of differing porosities and cultured for 4 weeks in chondrogenic medium. Protein and DNA assays, plus scanning electron microscopy revealed that synoviocytes were the most effective in producing filled scaffolds with 90.2 % being the optimum scaffold porosity. Constructs were then subjected to 13 to 23 % cyclic compressive strain at 1 Hz for 1 hr per day, using an in-house bioreactor. After 56 days (sustained at Day 84) loaded constructs had compressive moduli comparable to the higher ranges of native cartilage and histological properties similar to cartilage itself. It is concluded that optimisation of the parameters to deliver the acellular repair concept has been achieved. Reliable production of mechanically functional constructs containing cartilage-like matrix will allow for the following stage, decellularisation, to be undertaken. The development of the acellular cartilage-like constructs, thus far, provides promise for potential future clinical application.
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Katopodi, Theoni. "Cell based strategies for cartilage repair." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491864.
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Chondrocytes are the only type of cell present in articular cartilage; they produce and maintain cartilage ECM, and lose their matrix production capacity when expanded in monolayer. Expanded chondrocytes at early passage, can partially regain their chondrogenic capacity with the help of biomaterials and growth factors. In this study the aims were to explore ways to improve the chondrogenic potential of expanded human OA chondrocytes in vitro. This would ultimately lead to the optimisation of chondrogenic differentiation protocols that could be employed in cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Goldsmith, Andrew Alan John. "Biphasic modelling of synthetic articular cartilage." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321846.
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Ardill, Jennifer Maureen. "Optical measurement of articular cartilage roughness." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241325.
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Barton, Nicholas J. "Accurate assessment of articular cartilage roughness." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334495.
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Gadher, S. J. "An enzymatic study of cartilage degradation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234208.
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