Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cartilage structure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cartilage structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cartilage structure"

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Horky, D., and F. Tichy. "Submicroscopic structure of canine articular cartilage." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 6 (March 29, 2012): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5697-vetmed.

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Canine articular cartilage was studied in male dogs at age 1, 4, 5 and 8 years. Samples collected from four hip joints and two humeral joints in each age category were processed by standard methods to be examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cartilage of both joints was similar in structure. In the superficial cartilage layer of one-year-old animals, individual spindle-shaped chondrocytes in the extracellular matrix were, together with associated collagen fibrils, located parallel to the surface. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, they were distinctly prominent above the surrounding surface. Changes in the thickness and arrangement of both the chondrosynovial membrane and intercellular matrix were apparent in the 4-, 5- and 8-year-old animals, indicating the onset or progression of an osteoarthritic process. The middle cartilage layer in young animals showed elliptical chondrocytes occurring in pairs. The voluminous cytoplasm contained a great amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi complex and numerous transport vesicles. The pericellular matrix, up to 1 µm thick, was composed of aperiodic fibrils. In the old animals the pericellular matrix was absent and was replaced by thick collagen fibrils with a marked periodicity. The deep cartilage layer in young dogs included groups of three to four chondrocytes situated in a common territory. The cytoplasm contained distinct bundles of intermediary filaments. The pericellular matrix occasionally formed septa between adjoining cells. The intracellular matrix included bundles of collagen fibrils arranged in a matted structure. In the old animals aggregation of chondrocytes into groups almost disappeared. The cytoplasm showed only short cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, small numbers of mitochondria and transport vesicles, frequent lipid droplets and small glycogen deposits. The intercellular matrix consisted of only short collagen fibrils with no distinct periodicity.
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Schroeder, Walter A., Margaret H. Cooper, and William H. Friedman. "The Histologic Effect of Hypervitaminosis A on Laryngeal Cartilages." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 96, no. 6 (June 1987): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988709600602.

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This study investigated the role of hypervitaminosis A on the developing larynx. Pregnant rats received a dose of 100,000 units of Vitamin A on either Day 8 or Day 11 of gestation. The hyaline laryngeal cartilages of the neonatal rats were studied. The cricoid and arytenoid cartilages appeared to be the most affected. There was a pronounced central disorganization of the structure of the cartilage, with numerous swollen lacunae devoid of chondrocytes. The thyroid cartilage was the least affected. The center of the cartilage displayed a minimal amount of disorganization, when compared to the control. The effect of hypervitaminosis A on cartilaginous tissue is discussed, as well as its possiible effect on the development of laryngeal cartilages.
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Li, Xue, Jin Duo Ye, Chun Qui Zhang, Qian Qian Tian, Xian Kang Wang, and Li Min Dong. "Numerical Simulation about Stretching Process in Different Layers of Cartilage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.480.

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Cartilage with complex structure is a porous viscoelastic material. The direction of arrangement of collagen fibers in different layer regions directly affects the mechanical properties of the cartilage layer region. It is very important to use the method of numerical simulation for studying cartilage damage and repair through experimental measurements of cartilage mechanical parameters of the different layers. Because of the relatively small size of the cartilage, it is very difficult to measure mechanical parameters of cartilages by tensile test. The paper for main problems in the tensile test of cartilages, first by porcine articular cartilage compression testing, measuring the displacement of cartilage areas of different layers, according to the characteristics of the displacement determines the size of areas of different layers of cartilage, and then designed the cartilage and substrate stretching models. Model includes two forms of direct bonding and embedding bonding to simulate stretching process of different layers of the cartilage area in numerical way, displacement fields and stress-strain fields of stretching cartilage in different layer regions are derived. The numerical results show that using the way of embedded bonding can make stress of articular well-distributed without stress concentration, so it is a good way of bonding methods. Paper of the research work laid the foundation for measuring mechanical parameters of cartilage by stretch experiment.
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Becerra, José, José A. Andrades, Enrique Guerado, Plácido Zamora-Navas, José M. López-Puertas, and A. Hari Reddi. "Articular Cartilage: Structure and Regeneration." Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 16, no. 6 (December 2010): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0191.

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Covizi, D. Z., and H. F. Carvalho. "Aggrecan structure in amphibian cartilage." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33, no. 12 (December 2000): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2000001200002.

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Yi, Hee-Gyeong, Yeong-Jin Choi, Jin Woo Jung, Jinah Jang, Tae-Ha Song, Suhun Chae, Minjun Ahn, Tae Hyun Choi, Jong-Won Rhie, and Dong-Woo Cho. "Three-dimensional printing of a patient-specific engineered nasal cartilage for augmentative rhinoplasty." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141882479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731418824797.

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Autologous cartilages or synthetic nasal implants have been utilized in augmentative rhinoplasty to reconstruct the nasal shape for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Autologous cartilage is considered to be an ideal graft, but has drawbacks, such as limited cartilage source, requirements of additional surgery for obtaining autologous cartilage, and donor site morbidity. In contrast, synthetic nasal implants are abundantly available but have low biocompatibility than the autologous cartilages. Moreover, the currently used nasal cartilage grafts involve additional reshaping processes, by meticulous manual carving during surgery to fit the diverse nose shape of each patient. The final shapes of the manually tailored implants are highly dependent on the surgeons’ proficiency and often result in patient dissatisfaction and even undesired separation of the implant. This study describes a new process of rhinoplasty, which integrates three-dimensional printing and tissue engineering approaches. We established a serial procedure based on computer-aided design to generate a three-dimensional model of customized nasal implant, and the model was fabricated through three-dimensional printing. An engineered nasal cartilage implant was generated by injecting cartilage-derived hydrogel containing human adipose-derived stem cells into the implant containing the octahedral interior architecture. We observed remarkable expression levels of chondrogenic markers from the human adipose-derived stem cells grown in the engineered nasal cartilage with the cartilage-derived hydrogel. In addition, the engineered nasal cartilage, which was implanted into mouse subcutaneous region, exhibited maintenance of the exquisite shape and structure, and striking formation of the cartilaginous tissues for 12 weeks. We expect that the developed process, which combines computer-aided design, three-dimensional printing, and tissue-derived hydrogel, would be beneficial in generating implants of other types of tissue.
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Horkay, Ferenc, Peter J. Basser, Anne-Marie Hecht, and Erik Geissler. "Cartilage: Multiscale Structure and Biomechanical Properties." MRS Advances 1, no. 8 (2016): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.184.

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ABSTRACTCartilage is a load bearing tissue that has multiple biological functions. The major proteoglycan in cartilage is the bottlebrush shaped aggrecan whose complexes with hyaluronic acid provide the compressive resistance of cartilage. The negatively charged aggrecan-hyaluronic acid complexes generate an osmotic swelling pressure within the tissue, which is balanced by the collagen network. To better understand the function of cartilage at the tissue level, we study aggrecan assemblies using an array of microscopic and macroscopic techniques. The organization of aggrecan assemblies at the supramolecular level is probed by light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. Osmotic and rheological measurements are used to investigate the macroscopic physical properties.
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CHEN, JING, CHUNGEN GUO, HONGSHENG LI, XIAOQIN ZHU, SHUYUAN XIONG, and JIANXIN CHEN. "NONLINEAR SPECTRAL IMAGING OF ELASTIC CARTILAGE IN RABBIT EARS." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 06, no. 03 (July 2013): 1350024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545813500247.

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Elastic cartilage in the rabbit external ear is an important animal model with attractive potential value for researching the physiological and pathological states of cartilages especially during wound healing. In this work, nonlinear optical microscopy based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation were employed for imaging and quantifying the intact elastic cartilage. The morphology and distribution of main components in elastic cartilage including cartilage cells, collagen and elastic fibers were clearly observed from the high-resolution two-dimensional nonlinear optical images. The areas of cell nuclei, a parameter related to the pathological changes of normal or abnormal elastic cartilage, can be easily quantified. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of chondrocytes and matrix were displayed by constructing three-dimensional image of cartilage tissue. At last, the emission spectra from cartilage were obtained and analyzed. We found that the different ratio of collagen over elastic fibers can be used to locate the observed position in the elastic cartilage. The redox ratio based on the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) over flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence can also be calculated to analyze the metabolic state of chondrocytes in different regions. Our results demonstrated that this technique has the potential to provide more accurate and comprehensive information for the physiological states of elastic cartilage.
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Lawrence, Elizabeth Anna, Jessye Aggleton, Jack van Loon, Josepha Godivier, Robert Harniman, Jiaxin Pei, Niamh Nowlan, and Chrissy Hammond. "Exposure to hypergravity during zebrafish development alters cartilage material properties and strain distribution." Bone & Joint Research 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.102.bjr-2020-0239.r1.

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Aims Vertebrates have adapted to life on Earth and its constant gravitational field, which exerts load on the body and influences the structure and function of tissues. While the effects of microgravity on muscle and bone homeostasis are well described, with sarcopenia and osteoporosis observed in astronauts returning from space, the effects of shorter exposures to increased gravitational fields are less well characterized. We aimed to test how hypergravity affects early cartilage and skeletal development in a zebrafish model. Methods We exposed zebrafish to 3 g and 6 g hypergravity from three to five days post-fertilization, when key events in jaw cartilage morphogenesis occur. Following this exposure, we performed immunostaining along with a range of histological stains and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine cartilage morphology and structure, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation experiments to investigate the cartilage material properties, and finite element modelling to map the pattern of strain and stress in the skeletal rudiments. Results We did not observe changes to larval growth, or morphology of cartilage or muscle. However, we observed altered mechanical properties of jaw cartilages, and in these regions we saw changes to chondrocyte morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. These areas also correspond to places where strain and stress distribution are predicted to be most different following hypergravity exposure. Conclusion Our results suggest that altered mechanical loading, through hypergravity exposure, affects chondrocyte maturation and ECM components, ultimately leading to changes to cartilage structure and function. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(2):137–148.
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Müller, Andreas, and Friedrich P. Paulsen. "Impact of Vocal Cord Paralysis on Cricoarytenoid Joint." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 10 (October 2002): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211101006.

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To demonstrate structural changes in the cricoarytenoid joint after recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, we performed a laboratory investigation of fixed arytenoid cartilages from adult humans obtained during laser surgical arytenoidectomy in cases of bilateral vocal fold paralysis, analyzing the articular cartilage, the joint capsule, and the attached laryngeal musculature. Ten arytenoid cartilages from adult humans were studied by means of histology, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After long-standing denervation (>6 months), all arytenoid cartilages showed degenerative changes in their joint surface structure at various levels of intensity. The articular surface revealed fibrillation in some places, demasking of collagen fibrils next to the joint surface, and formation of chondrocyte clusters near the joint surface. All specimens also showed muscle atrophy. We conclude that long-standing recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis does not result in ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joint, as assumed, but the articular cartilage undergoes structural changes comparable to those in osteoarthritis. Structural changes in the articular cartilage and in the surrounding musculature hamper efforts at joint function recovery, as do procedures aiming solely at either medialization or lateralization of the vocal fold.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cartilage structure"

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Bont, Lambert G. M. de. "Temoromandibular joint articular cartilage structure and function." Groningen : Rijksuniversiteit, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38175470.html.

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Chang, Douglas G. "Structure and function relationships of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9930892.

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Whittaker, Katharina Anna. "Ion transport by isolated bovine articular chondroyctes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316916.

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Kwan, A. P. L. "Studies on collagen type X from embryonic chick cartilage : Structure and immunology." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377665.

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Mcalinden, Audrey. "Structure and biosynthesis of proteoglycans and non-collagenous proteins in human meniscus." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287395.

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Mas, Vinyals Anna. "New design proposal to mimic the joint structure between bone and hyaline cartilage." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664480.

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En el disseny de dispositius mèdics existeixen diversos casos en els quals és necessària la utilització de superfícies bioactives per aconseguir la integració òptima d’un implant amb el teixit que l’envolta. L’enginyeria de superfícies planteja diferents solucions, tot i així, per algunes aplicacions, l’obtenció d’una unió íntima entre el teixit i l’implant encara és un repte clínic. En aquest treball, presentem una tècnica que permet obtenir superfícies biomimètiques en qualsevol substrat que pugui ser sotmès a modificació per plasma. Com a proba de concepte, hem aplicat la tecnologia desenvolupada en l’obtenció d’un scaffold heterogeni per la regeneració del teixit osteocondral, amb un gran potencial per ser utilitzat com a teràpia regenerativa. Un dels grans reptes en la regeneració osteocondral, és assolir un grau elevat de semblança amb l’estructura articular, des de l’òs subcondral fins a la superfície articular. La nostra metodologia permet la immobilització d’un hidrogel que imita el teixit cartilaginós a la superfície d’una plataforma bioceràmica, la qual reprodueix el teixit ossi. Aquesta última, actuarà com a suport mecànic i punt d’ancoratge a l’òs subcondral, a la vegada que proporcionarà un reservori de ions de calci i de fosfat que ajudaran a la creació del gradient de duresa present en les articulacions. Així doncs, en aquesta tesi hem treballat en el disseny de les diferents parts que conformaran el scaffold. En primer lloc, per tal d’aprofundir en la creació del gradient de duresa, hem estudiat la bioactivitat de diferents substituts ossis bioceràmics comercials, els quals son candidats potencials per ser utilitzats en la construcció del scaffold. A continuació, hem validat la viabilitat del recobriment polimèric obtingut per PECVD en substrats bioceràmics i hem demostrat que no compromet la seva bioactivitat. A més, hem demostrat que la modificació superficial permet l’obtenció d’una interfície estable, que no es veu alterada per canvis fisiològics i permet l’autoensamblatge de l’hidrogel. Els estudis in vitro realitzats demostren que la tecnologia d’immobilització preserva la viabilitat cel·lular, i que la formulació permet la migració cel·lular a més de proporcionar un entorn adequat per la diferenciació condrogènica i osteogènica de cèl·lules mare mesenquimals.
En el diseño de dispositivos médicos existen numerosos casos en los que es necesaria la utilización de superficies bioactivas para lograr la integración óptima de un implante con el tejido que le rodea. La ingeniería de superficies propone diferentes soluciones, sin embargo, en determinadas aplicaciones, la obtención de una unión íntima entre el tejido y el implante aún es un reto clínico. En el presente trabajo, presentamos una técnica que permite la obtención de superficies biomiméticas en cualquier sustrato que pueda ser sometido a modificación por plasma. Como prueba de concepto, hemos aplicado la tecnología desarrollada en la obtención de un scaffold heterogéneo para la regeneración del tejido osteocondral, con un gran potencial para ser usado como terapia regenerativa. Uno de los grandes retos en la regeneración osteocondral, es lograr un grado elevado de semejanza con la estructura articular, desde el hueso subcondral hasta la superficie articular. Nuestra metodología permite la inmovilización de un hidrogel que imita el tejido cartilaginoso en la superficie de una plataforma bioceràmica, la cual reproduce el hueso. Ésta última, actuará como soporte mecánico y punto de anclaje al hueso subcondral, a la vez que proporcionará un reservorio de iones de calcio y fosfato que ayudarán en la creación del gradiente de dureza presente en las articulaciones. Así pues, en esta tesis hemos trabajado en el diseño de las diferentes partes que conformaran el scaffold. En primer lugar, para profundizar en la creación del gradiente de dureza, hemos estudiado la bioactividad de diferentes sustitutos óseos biocerámicos comerciales, los cuales son candidatos potenciales para ser utilizados en la construcción del scaffold. A continuación, hemos validado la viabilidad del recubrimiento polimérico obtenido por PECVD en sustratos biocerámicos y hemos demostrado como no compromete su bioactividad. Además, hemos demostrado como la modificación superficial permite la obtención de una interfaz estable, que no se altera por cambios fisiológicos, la cual permite el autoensamblaje del hidrogel. Los estudios in vitro realizados demuestran que la tecnología de inmovilización preserva la viabilidad celular, y que la formulación permite la migración celular además de proporcionar un entorno adecuado para la diferenciación condrogénica y osteogénica de células madre mesenquimales.
In medical device engineering, there are several cases where there is an imperative need of obtaining bioresponsive surfaces to achieve an optimal integration of a certain biomaterial with the surrounding tissue. Surface engineering has provided different approaches, however for certain applications obtaining an intimate bonding between the tissue and the implant remains a clinical challenge. In this work, we present a newly developed technique that allows the obtention of biomimetic surfaces onto any substrate that can be subject to plasma modification. As a proof of concept, we have applied the technology to obtain a heterogeneous scaffold for osteochondral repair, which has a great potential to be used as regenerative therapy. One of the great challenges in osteochondral repair is achieving a high degree of mimicry of the whole joint structure, from the subchondral bone to the surface of hyaline cartilage. Our methodology allows the immobilization of a cartilage-like hydrogel onto a bone-like bioceramic platform by means of a polymeric coating. The bioceramic acts not only as mechanical support and anchoring point to the subchondral bone, but also it acts as a reservoir of calcium and phosphate ions, which through diffusion help in the creation of the stiffness gradient present in joints. Thus, in the present thesis, we have worked on the design of the different parts that will form the osteochondral heterogeneous scaffold. First, to gain insight into the stiffness gradient creation, we have studied the bioactivity of different commercially available bioceramic bone substitutes, which are potential candidates to be used as bone-like platform. Next, we have validated the viability of the polymeric coating obtained through PECVD in this type of biomaterials and shown how it does not compromise their bioactive properties. Moreover, we have demonstrated how the designed surface modification allows the obtention of a stable interface, which is not disrupted by physiological changes, that enables the subsequent self-assembly of a cartilage-like hydrogel. In vitro studies show how our immobilizing technology preserves cell viability, and that our hydrogel formulation enables cell migration as well as it provides a suitable environment for both chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Bader, Daniel Lawrence. "The relationship between the mechanical properties and structure of adult human articular cartilage." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359730.

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Seyfried, Nicholas T. "The structure and function of hyaluronan-binding proteins in extracellular matrix assembly." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1a2cf8f-7ac7-4c5a-bd3f-53d7653e8888.

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The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) aggrecan forms link protein-stabilised complexes with hyaluronan (HA), via its N-terminal G1-domain, that provide cartilage with its load bearing properties. Similar aggregates (potentially containing new members of the link protein family), in which other CSPGs (i.e., versican, brevican and neurocan) substitute for aggrecan, may contribute to the structural integrity of many other tissues including skin and brain. In this thesis, cartilage link protein (cLP) and the G1-domains of aggrecan (AG1) and versican (VG1) were expressed in Drosophila S2 cells, purified to homogeneity and functionally characterised. The recombinant human proteins were found to have properties similar to those described for the native molecules. For example cLP formed dimers, and HA decasaccharides (HA 10-mers) were the minimum size that could compete effectively for their binding to polymeric HA. In addition, gel filtration and protein cross-linking/MALDI-TOF peptide fingerprinting showed that cLP and AG1 interact in the absence or presence of HA. Conversely, cLP and VG1 did not bind directly to each other hi solution yet formed ternary complexes with HA24. N-linked glycosylation of VG1 and AG1 was demonstrated to be unnecessary for either HA binding or the formation of ternary complexes. Additionally, the length of HA required to accommodate two G1-domains was found to be significantly larger for aggrecan than versican, which may reflect differences hi the conformation of HA stabilised on binding these proteins. To further investigate protein-HA interactions, fluorescent HA oligosaccharides were prepared and characterised. HA oligosaccharides labelled with the fluorophore 2-aminobenzoic acid (2AA) from four to 40 residues hi length were purified to homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography using a logarithmic gradient. Molecular weight and purity characterisation of HA oligosaccharides was facilitated by 2AA derivitisation since it enhanced signals in MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and improves fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) analysis by avoiding the inverted parabolic migration characteristic of 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) labelled sugars. The small size and shape of the fluorophore maintains the biological activity of the derivatised oligosaccharides, as demonstrated by their ability to compete for polymeric hyaluronan binding to VG1, AG1 and cLP. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to study VG1 binding to 2AA-labelled HA 8-, 10-, 20-, 30- and 40-mers and although no stable VG1 binding was observed to labelled 8-mers, the equilibrium dissociation constant (100 nM) for VG1 with HA 10-mers was estimated from densitometry analysis of the free oligosaccharide. Interactions involving 2AA labelled HA 20-, 30-, and 40-mers with VG1 also displayed positive cooperativity. Therefore, oligosaccharides labelled with 2-aminobenzoic acid are biologically active and show excellent potential as probes in fluorescence-based assays that investigate protein-carbohydrate interactions.
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Chevalier, Xavier. "Rôle des glycoprotéines de structure dans les pathologies du cartilageArthrose et polyarthrite rhumatoïde." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120067.

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La presence de fibronectine a ete demontree par des methodes biochimiques et immunohistochimiques dans le cartilage arthrosique et les liquides synoviaux. La tenascine et les isoformes ed-a and ed-b de la fibronectine sont presentes dans le cartilage pathologique mais absentes du cartilage normal. Le taux plasmatique de la fibronectine ed-a est augmente dans la polyarthrite rhumatoide et est liee a la presence d'une vascularite et/ou d'un syndrome de sjogren. L'accumulation de la fibronectine dans le cartilage arthrosique est due a une augmentation de la biosynthese de cette glycoproteine qui est particulierement prononcee dans la zone cartilage adjacente a la zone de denudation de l'os chondral. La fibronectine apparait fragmentee dans les extraits de cartilage arthrosique, les milieux de culture de chondrocyte et les liquides synoviaux. L'importance de la fragmentation de la fibronectine dans les liquides synoviaux de la polyarthrite rhumatoide est due a une augmentation de l'activite des enzymes localement presentes. L'elastase leucocytaire ne semble pas etre responsable de la degradation de la fibronectine synoviale. Parmi les fragments de la fibronectine, il existe au sein du liquide synovial, une correlation entre les fragments de 130 kda, 70 kda et les activites de type gelatinase. Les glycoproteines de structure pourraient jouer un role dans les processus de reparation du cartilage
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Flannelly, Joanne Katherine-Mary. "The regulation of proteoglycan structure and turnover in porcine articular cartilage by cytokines and growth factors." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338688.

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Books on the topic "Cartilage structure"

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name, No. Daniel's knee injuries: Ligament and cartilage structure, function, injury, and repair. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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(Editor), Robert A. Pedowitz, John J. O'Connor (Editor), and Wayne H. Akeson (Editor), eds. Daniel's Knee Injuries: Ligament and Cartilage Structure, Function, Injury, and Repair. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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1939-, Daniel Dale M., Pedowitz Robert A, O'Connor John J. 1934-, and Akeson Wayne H. 1928-, eds. Daniel's knee injuries: Ligament and cartilage : structure, function, injury, and repair. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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Investigations of the structure and function of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in chick brain and cartilage. 1989.

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Pap, Thomas, Adelheid Korb, Marianne Heitzmann, and Jessica Bertrand. Joint biochemistry. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0056.

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Synovial joints are composed of different morphological structures that have their distinct cellular and biochemical properties. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are key components of synovial joints and show a number of peculiarities that makes them different from other tissues in our body. An in-depth knowledge of these structural and biochemical peculiarities is not only important for understanding key features of articular function but also provides explanations for important characteristics of both degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. This chapter reviews the structure and biochemical composition of cartilage and synovium and points to important links between physiology and pathological conditions, particularly arthritis.
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Goldring, Steven R. Pathophysiology of periarticular bone changes in osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0005.

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Under physiological conditions, the subchondral bone of diarthrodial joints such as the hip, knee, and phalanges forms an integrated biocomposite with the overlying calcified and hyaline articular cartilage that is optimally organized to transfer mechanical load. During the evolution of the osteoarthritic process both the periarticular bone and cartilage undergo marked changes in their structural and functional properties in response to adverse biomechanical and biological signals. These changes are mediated by bone cells that modify the architecture and properties of the bone through active cellular processes of modelling and remodelling. These same biomechanical and biological factors also affect chondrocytes in the cartilage matrix altering the composition and structure of the cartilage and further disrupting the homeostatic relationship between the cartilage and bone. This chapter reviews the structural alterations and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis bone pathology and discusses potential approaches for targeting bone remodelling to attenuate the progression of the osteoarthritic process.
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Naqui, Zaf, and David Warwick. Bone and joint injuries of the wrist and forearm. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0004.

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The forearm is a complex quadrilateral structure linked by the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, ligaments, which include the interosseous membrane and triangular cartilage, and several obliquely orientated muscles. A displaced fracture or ligament rupture within this forearm is likely to involve other structures. Treatment requires anatomic recovery of stable function. The ulnar corner can sustain fractures or ligament ruptures which affect stable, pain-free, congruous forearm rotation. The distal radius may fracture after high- or low-energy trauma; anatomic reduction may not be essential in all; inaccuracy may lead to loss of rotation and ulnocarpal abutment but long-term arthritis is unusual. Children’s fractures are managed with consideration of remodeling potential. The scaphoid is vulnerable to non-union; plaster immobilization, early percutaneous fixation, and later bone-grafting all have roles. Salvage for osteoarthritic non-union may reduce pain but compromises function. Rupture of the carpal ligaments may cause substantial disruption and require complex reconstruction.
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Armstrong, Leslie Ann. The development of the adult piston cartilege and the structure of the trabascular and branchial cartileges in "Petromyzon marinus L.": an ultrastructural study. 1987.

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Grassi, Walter, Tadashi Okano, and Emilio Filippucci. Ultrasound in osteoarthritis and crystal-related arthropathies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0017.

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Ultrasonography (US) is a safe and cheap imaging technique which in experienced hands allows for a multiplanar and multisite high-resolution assessment of both morphological and structural features of bone, cartilage, and intra- or periarticular soft tissues. This chapter describes the main applications of US in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and crystal-related arthropathies. Imaging plays a key role for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up in patients with OA. Although conventional radiography is still the gold standard imaging technique in daily clinical practice, US has been revealed to be capable of detecting a wide spectrum of otherwise undetectable details, including cartilage damage, joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy, osteophyte formation, and meniscal protrusion. Crystal visualization by US has the potential to change the diagnostic approach in patients with suspicion of crystal-related arthropathies. The double-contour sign, due to urate crystal deposits on the chondrosynovial interface of the hyaline cartilage, is a highly specific finding for gout as well as the hyperechoic spots within the hyaline cartilage for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. The potential applications of US in the management of patients with OA and crystal-related arthropathies are not only limited to diagnosis and monitoring. Finally, US guidance allows the real-time visualization of the needle moving through different tissues and reaching the target to aspirate and/or inject. The correct placement of the tip of the needle plays a key role in improving efficacy and reducing side effects of the injection.
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Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer. Radiography and computed tomography imaging of osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0016.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly worldwide and there is still no effective treatment, other than joint arthroplasty for end-stage OA, despite ongoing research efforts. Imaging is essential for assessing structural joint damage and disease progression. Radiography is the most widely used first-line imaging modality for structural OA evaluation. Its inherent limitations should be noted including lack of ability to directly visualize most OA-related pathological features in and around the joint, lack of sensitivity to longitudinal change and missing specificity of joint space narrowing, and technical difficulties regarding reproducibility of positioning of the joints in longitudinal studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Computed tomography (CT) is an important additional tool that offers insight into high-resolution bony anatomical details and allows three-dimensional post-processing of imaging data, which is of particular importance for orthopaedic surgery planning. However, its major disadvantage is limitations in the assessment of soft tissue structures compared to MRI. CT arthrography can be useful in evaluation of focal cartilage defects or meniscal tears; however, its applicability may be limited due to its invasive nature. This chapter describes the roles and limitations of both conventional radiography and CT, including CT arthrography, in clinical practice and OA research. The emphasis is on OA of the knee, but other joints are also mentioned where appropriate.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cartilage structure"

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Baumann, Charles A., Betina B. Hinckel, Chantelle C. Bozynski, and Jack Farr. "Articular Cartilage: Structure and Restoration." In Joint Preservation of the Knee, 3–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01491-9_1.

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Gahunia, Harpal K., and Kenneth P. H. Pritzker. "Structure and Function of Articular Cartilage." In Articular Cartilage of the Knee, 3–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7587-7_1.

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Hu, Jerry C. Y., and Kyriacos A. Athanasiou. "Structure and Function of Articular Cartilage." In Handbook of Histology Methods for Bone and Cartilage, 73–95. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-417-7_4.

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Chappell, Karyn E., Ashley A. Williams, and Constance R. Chu. "Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Articular Cartilage Structure and Biology." In Cartilage Injury of the Knee, 37–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78051-7_4.

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Steiniche, Torben, and Ellen M. Hauge. "Normal Structure and Function of Bone." In Handbook of Histology Methods for Bone and Cartilage, 59–72. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-417-7_3.

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Walsh, William R., Mark Walton, Warwick Bruce, Yan Yu, Ronald M. Gillies, and Martin Svehla. "Cell Structure and Biology of Bone and Cartilage." In Handbook of Histology Methods for Bone and Cartilage, 35–58. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-417-7_2.

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Wojnar, Ryszard. "Bone and Cartilage - its Structure and Physical Properties." In Biomechanics of Hard Tissues, 1–75. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632732.ch1.

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Nagase, Hideaki, and Gillian Murphy. "Metalloproteinases in Cartilage Matrix Breakdown: The Roles in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis." In Proteases: Structure and Function, 433–69. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0885-7_13.

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Thonar, E. J. M. A., K. Masuda, D. H. Manicourt, and K. E. Kuettner. "Structure and Function of Normal Human Adult Articular Cartilage." In Osteoarthritis, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60026-5_1.

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Amprino, Rodolfo. "Uptake of 35S in the Differentiation and Growth of Cartilage and Bone." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Bone Structure and Metabolism, 89–102. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470715222.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cartilage structure"

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Blum, Michelle M., and Timothy C. Ovaert. "Synthesis and Characterization of Boundary Lubricant-Functionalized PVA Gels for Biotribological Applications." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19281.

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Hyaline cartilage is a material which exhibits ideal tribological properties by maintaining naturally low friction, leading to high wear resistance in articulating joints. When damage to hyaline cartilage occurs, due to diseases such as osteoarthritis or traumatic tissue injuries, tissue regeneration is limited due to cartilage’s avascular and aneural nature. The resulting bone-on-bone contact causes serious pain and limited mobility. Current treatment options are limited to total or partial joint replacements, which are not ideal procedures due to long term failure of components and osteolysis. A vastly improved material is desirable, which better mimics the structure and excellent tribological behavior of natural cartilage.
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Li, Anlin, and Shuangli Xiong. "Preparation and Structure Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate from Pig Laryngeal Cartilage." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515812.

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Li, Xing D., Jurgen Herrmann, Ravi K. Ghanta, Constantinos Pitris, Wolfgang Drexler, Christine Jesser, Debra L. Stamper, et al. "OCT imaging of osteoarthritic cartilage: structure, polarization sensitivity, and clinical feasibility." In BiOS '99 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Valery V. Tuchin and Joseph A. Izatt. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.347484.

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Hradilova, Jana, Martin Schone, Kay Raum, Vassiliki T. Potsika, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, and Demosthenes Polyzos. "Numerical simulation of high-frequency ultrasound scattering on articular cartilage cellular structure." In 2015 6th European Symposium on Ultrasonic Characterization of Bone (ESUCB). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esucb.2015.7169913.

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Bevill, Scott L., Ashvin Thambyah, and Neil D. Broom. "Altered Micromechanical Function Precedes Overt Surface Roughening in Early Cartilage Degeneration." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53139.

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The proper biomechanical functioning of articular cartilage in the joint is highly dependent on the composition and structure of the tissue. In the earliest stages of both osteoarthritis (OA) and age-related cartilage degeneration there are dramatic compositional and structural changes that occur within the general matrix. With these changes in matrix content and structure comes impaired biomechanical functioning [1]. A number of studies suggest that destructuring of the fibrillar collagen network (e.g., altered organization and loss of fibrillar interconnectivity) may be the initiating event in the degenerative cascade that leads to OA [2]. Despite the impact that these early structural changes have on bulk tissue mechanical properties, there have been few studies of the micromechanical consequences of matrix destructuring.
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Chen, Howard, and Ibrahim T. Ozbolat. "Development of a Multi-Arm Bioprinter for Hybrid Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1025.

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This paper highlights the development of a multi-arm bioprinter (MABP) capable of concurrent deposition of multiple materials with independent dispensing parameters including deposition speed, material dispensing rate and frequency for functional zonal-stratified articular cartilage tissue fabrication. The MABP consists of two Cartesian robots mounted in parallel on the same mechanical frame. This platform is used for concurrent filament fabrication and cell spheroid deposition. A single-layer structure is fabricated and concurrently deposited with spheroids to validate this system. Preliminary results showed that the MABP was able to produce filaments and spheroids with well-defined geometry and high cell viability. The resulting filament width has a variation of +/-170 μm and the center-to-center filament distance was within 100 μm of the specified distance. This fabrication system is aimed to be further refined for printing structures with varying porosities to mimic the natural cartilage structure in order to produce functional tissue-engineered articular cartilage using cell spheroids containing cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs).
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Motavalli, Mostafa, Chen-Yuan Chung, Mark Schluchter, and Joseph M. Mansour. "A Continuous Shear Deflection Function for Articular Cartilage." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80146.

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Articular cartilage (AC) covers the articulating bones within synovial joints. Mechanically, it provides a bearing surface with low friction and wear properties, and it lowers surface stress by deforming and increasing the contact area. Cartilage mechanics has received much attention, but until recently most investigations have focused on average properties of full thickness tissue. However, given depth dependent variations in composition and structure, there is a growing appreciation of the tissue’s inhomogeneity and its relationship to mechanical behavior [1–4]. Determining the depth-dependent mechanical properties plays an important role in understanding the relationship between function and structure of native, diseased and tissue-engineered cartilage.
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Palomares, Kristy T. S., Thomas A. Einhorn, Louis C. Gerstenfeld, and Elise F. Morgan. "Hyaline Characteristics of Mechanically Induced Cartilaginous Tissues." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176519.

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The mechanical properties of hyaline cartilage depend heavily on tissue structure and biochemical composition. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen fibrils are the key extracellular matrix components of hyaline cartilage that bestow compressive and tensile stiffness, respectively.[1–2] In articular cartilage, a decline in GAG content and collagen organization with injury or with diseases such as osteoarthritis is intimately linked with a decline in mechanical function.[3] In tissue-engineered cartilage and articular cartilage explants, mechanical loading in vitro results in increased aggrecan mRNA expression, GAG content, and increased stiffness.[4–6] These findings suggest that mechanical loading could be applied in vivo to promote cartilage repair via modulation of gene expression, tissue structure, and tissue composition. We have previously developed an in vivo model of skeletal repair in which application of a controlled bending motion to a healing osteotomy gap results in formation of cartilage within the gap.[6] Using this model, we sought to characterize the biochemical composition and collagen structure of the mechanically induced cartilaginous tissue. The objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify the total GAG content and aggrecan mRNA expression; and 2) to characterize the collagen fiber orientation.
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Vahdati, Ali, and Diane R. Wagner. "Influence of Calcified Cartilage Zone Permeability in Mechanical Behavior of Articular Cartilage: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206512.

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Articular cartilage (AC) disease and especially osteoarthrithis (OA) are debilitating conditions that are associated with huge social and economic burdens. To understand the factors involved in initiation and progression of OA, the mechanical state of the cartilage tissue must be first understood [1]. Biphasic and triphasic models developed by Mow and coworkers relate AC structure with its mechanical behavior and provided researchers with valuable models for AC biomechanics [2, 3]. Although much is known about AC and its mechanical properties, the zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) has been sparsely studied. ZCC is very thin and highly interdigitated with subchondral bone (SB) which makes it very difficult to isolate for independent study [4]. It is well known that SB plays an important role in both initiation and/or progression of OA [5], thus ZCC may also be an important player in the pathology of the disease [6]. A few studies have investigated mechanical properties of ZCC, but conflicting results have been published on ZCC permeability. Although ZCC has been mainly assumed to be impermeable [7], recently Hwang et al. [8] suggested that ZCC may have even higher permeability than cartilage itself. We studied the effect of ZCC permeability on mechanical behavior of AC using a finite element (FE) model.
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Bonnevie, Edward D., Laura Barito, Matthew Aldridge, Liyun Wang, David L. Burris, and X. Lucas Lu. "Frictional Coefficient of TMJ Disc and Condylar Cartilage." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80643.

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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the only diarthrodial joint in human head, is composed of two articulating bones covered by cartilage with an extra disc between the two cartilage surfaces. The rotation and gliding motions of TMJ allow us to talk, chew, and yawn. Dislocation of the disc or degeneration of the cartilage can severely ruin the congruity and integrality of TMJ and further leads to TMJ disorders (TMD). Histology studies showed that the composition and structure of condylar cartilage do not resemble any other fibrocartilages [1], our recent study also found that the condylar cartilage is much softer than cartilage in other joints [2]. The condyle is fully covered by the disc, which glides on the condyle cartilage during daily activities [3]. Little is known about the frictional coefficients of these cartilaginous tissues in TMJ. In this study, using a novel custom-built tribometer, we propose to investigate: 1) the frictional coefficients of condylar cartilage and disc at five different regions, and 2) the dependency of frictional coefficient on sliding speed and loading magnitude.
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Reports on the topic "Cartilage structure"

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Riveros, Guillermo, Felipe Acosta, Reena Patel, and Wayne Hodo. Computational mechanics of the paddlefish rostrum. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41860.

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Purpose – The rostrum of a paddlefish provides hydrodynamic stability during feeding process in addition to detect the food using receptors that are randomly distributed in the rostrum. The exterior tissue of the rostrum covers the cartilage that surrounds the bones forming interlocking star shaped bones. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this work is to assess the mechanical behavior of four finite element models varying the type of formulation as follows: linear-reduced integration, linear-full integration, quadratic-reduced integration and quadratic-full integration. Also presented is the load transfer mechanisms of the bone structure of the rostrum. Findings – Conclusions are based on comparison among the four models. There is no significant difference between integration orders for similar type of elements. Quadratic-reduced integration formulation resulted in lower structural stiffness compared with linear formulation as seen by higher displacements and stresses than using linearly formulated elements. It is concluded that second-order elements with reduced integration and can model accurately stress concentrations and distributions without over stiffening their general response. Originality/value – The use of advanced computational mechanics techniques to analyze the complex geometry and components of the paddlefish rostrum provides a viable avenue to gain fundamental understanding of the proper finite element formulation needed to successfully obtain the system behavior and hot spot locations.
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