Academic literature on the topic 'Cartes – Normes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cartes – Normes"
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Gkadolou, Eleni, and Poulicos Prastacos. "Historical Cartographic Information for Cultural Heritage Applications in a Semantic Framework." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cart-2021-0002.
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Les cartes historiques constituent un outil précieux pour la recherche en histoire, puisqu’elles sont dépositaires de renseignements sur l’espace qui reflètent la littératie géographique, l’idéologie et les préoccupations géopolitiques de l’époque où elles ont été établies – renseignements qui souvent ne sont pas fournis par d’autres sources. Les cartes historiques sont aussi un élément fondamental des applications dédiées au patrimoine culturel et aux sciences humaines numériques puisqu’elles donnent, en tant que cartes de base, une image de l’espace historique sur laquelle sont projetées d’autres ressources et le nom des lieux historiques, ce qui permet d’organiser et de géocoder diverses informations. Les cartes historiques devraient être abordées selon une approche sémantique qui considère les modèles et les normes de données des différentes disciplines liées au patrimoine culturel et aux sciences humaines numériques. C’est dans cet esprit que notre recherche poursuit des travaux antérieurs consistant à élaborer un profil d’application pour documenter les cartes historiques à partir du modèle du CIDOC et créer une base de données annotée de cartes historiques. Ce profil tient compte des concepts définitionnels de la carte et de ses relations aux objets, aux personnes, aux évènements et aux processus culturels. En vue de rassembler ces données et de les visualiser, une application web a été conçue à partir d’Arches, plateforme logicielle à code source ouvert destinée à la gestion du patrimoine culturel et compatible à la fois avec les normes du CIDOC et celles de l’information géographique.
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Obadia, Lionel. "L’habit fait-il le moine ? Sémiotique sociale de « l’être bouddhiste » dans le contexte occidental." Protée 39, no. 2 (December 16, 2011): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1007170ar.
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Cet article entend explorer une sémiotique sociale des bouddhistes, laquelle se propose d’approcher la question des usages sociaux des signes de l’« être bouddhiste », des modalités de décryptage de l’adhésion au bouddhisme par l’affichage de signes comportementaux, discursifs ou vestimentaires, au sein des communautés elles-mêmes. Autant de marqueurs qui tracent une ligne de démarcation entre la « communauté » (saṇgha) et le reste du monde, et de signes incarnés dans la culture matérielle susceptibles de signaler une adhésion religieuse ou une appartenance confessionnelle – facilement repérables en contexte asiatique. Dans le bouddhisme d’Occident en revanche, les cartes d’une lecture sémiotique des appartenances sont d’autant plus brouillées que, d’une part, la nature du rapport aux symboles et aux normes du bouddhisme est plastique, et que, d’autre part, l’affichage ostensible ou la dissimulation de signes normalement cadrés par les normes religieuses relève d’autres logiques – individuation, schismes, hétérodoxie, etc. À partir de la comparaison de cas concrets recueillis in situ en France et dans d’autres contextes nationaux, les jeux sur les codes sémiotiques de l’appartenance au bouddhisme relèvent en filigrane les enjeux d’adaptation auxquels est confronté le bouddhisme en Occident.
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Gilliotte, Quentin, and Emmanuelle Guittet. "La production individuelle et collective des bonnes pratiques dans une activité non encadrée. Étude de cas d’un conflit entre praticien·nes de la cartomancie en ligne." Sociologies pratiques N° 46, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sopr.046.0031.
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À partir d’une polémique observée dans le domaine des activités de cartomancie menées en ligne, nous interrogeons la construction individuelle et collective de la responsabilité et des bonnes pratiques professionnelles dans un milieu marqué par l’informalité et par l’absence d’instances officielles d’encadrement ou de régulation. Nous nous appuyons sur une vingtaine d’entretiens menés auprès de productrices de vidéos de « taroscopes » publiées sur YouTube (des vidéos de prédiction montrant des tirages de cartes de tarot ou d’oracles effectués à partir des signes astrologiques pour une période donnée), qui pratiquent également des consultations individuelles. Nous montrons que l’enjeu principal pour les praticien·nes est de légitimer leur pratique individuelle de la cartomancie, en produisant individuellement et collectivement des normes éthiques. Ces normes sont construites en opposition à la figure du charlatan, qu’elles contribuent à construire comme figure repoussoir tout en cherchant à ne pas discréditer l’ensemble de la profession. Pour mettre à distance la faute professionnelle, et avec des variations selon que leur activité relève d’un pôle de médiumnité ou de développement personnel, les cartomancien·nes mettent individuellement en avant de façon ostensible un code éthique mis en place pour protéger les audiences. Enfin c’est la faute qui est déplacée, à la fois sur le caractère magique de leur pratique (ils et elles ne font que « transmettre les messages »), mais également sur les audiences qui sont rendues responsables de leur consommation.
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Estelmann, Frank. "Carte D'identité. Remediatisierungen des ethnisierten Personalausweises in der neueren frankophonen Literatur über den Genozid an den rwandischen Tutsi." Romanische Forschungen 133, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3196/003581221832836747.
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A l'aide de l'explication par Kwame Anthony Appiah de la politique ethnique à partir de trois concepts (labels, normes, traitement), cette contribution souhaite proposer une lecture de quelques remédiatisations (Bolter et Grusin) dans la littérature contemporaine de la mention ethnique sur les cartes d'identité nationales qui, pendant le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda, indiquaient l'identité de leur porteur Au lieu de construire une causalité entre l'identité ethnique et le génocide de 1994, ces remédiatisations mettent plutôt en question l'utilisation peu critique de l'antagonisme Hutu et Tutsi dans les espaces politiques, commémoratifs, artistiques et littéraires Comme on le verra, c'est par exemple le cas dans le long-métrage Sometimes in April (2005) de Raoul Peck et /ou dans le roman Murambi, le livre des ossements (2000) de Boubacar Boris Diop Gaël Faye projette le narrateur de son roman Petit Pays (2016) dans une autre variation du motif et du narratif de l'identité ethnique Il montre à la fois l'efficacité meurtrière du dispositif de la carte d'identité tout comme sa longévité qui va bien au-delà du génocide de 1994 Mais surtout, il soustrait l'attribution des victimes et des coupables de la violence à la simple logique ethnique
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Le Clech, Laetitia. "Archives et géographie : typologie, caractéristiques et perspectives." Archives 47, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041826ar.
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Dans cet article, Laetitia Le Clech fait le survol de différents enjeux et particularités qui touchent la conservation des archives géographiques. En plus des cartes, ces dernières comprennent également des photographies et images, ainsi que certaines études de terrain. Elle présente dans un premier temps quelques exemples de traitement de documents cartographiques en différents endroits, en plus de nous exposer les défis particuliers que posent ces documents. Les archives géographiques ont de multiples utilités, que ce soit dans le domaine historique, en géopolitique ou même dans le développement de politiques gouvernementales. L’auteure en fait la recension et illustre chacun de ces usages par des exemples. Elle donne ensuite un aperçu de la conservation des documents cartographiques suite à l’avènement de l’ère du numérique. En effet, tout comme pour d’autres types d’archives, ce contexte amène son lot de questionnements et de nouvelles pratiques, que ce soit par la numérisation dans le but de les conserver et de les diffuser, mais aussi par la nécessité de se préoccuper de l’obsolescence des supports et d’établir de nouvelles normes. L’auteure termine son texte en nous présentant diverses initiatives de diffusion et de création qui sont issues de ces nouvelles possibilités qu’offre le monde numérique. Elle ne manque pas en passant de nous mettre en garde contre certains abus et de plaider pour un encadrement renforcé afin de mieux mettre en valeur ces documents bien particuliers.
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Raveneau, Jean, Louise Marcotte, and Yves Tessier. "LE RÔLE DU LANGAGE GRAPHIQUE DANS LE RENOUVELLEMENT DE LA CONCEPTION D’UN ATLAS PÉDAGOGIQUE: le cas de L’interAtlas." Canadian Surveyor 41, no. 3 (September 1987): 313–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1987-0022.
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Cette communication a pour but de présenter les aspects graphiques et cartographiques du renouvellement de la conception d’un atlas pédagogique à partir de l’exemple de L’interAtlas. Il s’agit de montrer comment certains concepts de communication graphique ont été mis à profit pour assurer la transmission efficace d’informations géographiques préalablement structurées selon des devis pédagogiques précis, mettant en évidence les interrelations entre les phénomènes géographiques. Dans L’interAtlas, la traduction visuelle des devis de conception-rédaction (agencement des données de contenu) a été facilitée par l’utilisation de normes graphiques systématiques assurant la fonctionnalité de l’organisation thématique et visuelle de chaque planche: adoption de la double page comme unité de présentation, utilisation d’une grille modulaire pour la disposition des images et des cartes, adoption d’un parcours de lecture numéroté, titres-choc, etc. Àl’aide d’exemples choisis, on mettra en évidence les différentes formes de traitement graphique de l’information utilisées dans cet atlas et comment elles ont servi à traduire sous forme visuelle la structuration des contenus géographiques en vue d’une communication pédagogique efficace. La carte n’est plus nécessairement la forme de représentation spatiale unique ou prédominante dans un atlas. D’autres types d’images ont été utilisées, selon leur aptitude à visualiser le plus efficacement les données et concepts à représenter: photographies, graphiques, schémas, dessins, diagrammes, matrices graphiques, etc. L’utilisation extensive des matrices graphiques à différents niveaux de traitement de l’information sera particulièrement mise en évidence. On montrera comment, dans la recherche d’une fonctionnalité optimale, les auteurs de L’interAtlas ont exploité au maximum la combinaison du design pédagogique et du langage graphique. Par ces caractéristiques, L’interAtlas pourrait être le premier d’une nouvelle génération d’atlas pédagogiques.
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Mbila, Mutemi, and Edmond Shikoli. "Cartel Conduct as a Moral Wrong." Kabarak Journal of Law and Ethics 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.58216/kjle.v5i1.188.
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Cartel conduct in Kenya is regulated by the Competition Act. This paper seeks to investigate such cartel conduct as both a moral and legal wrong, based on the consequential theory of jurisprudential reasoning. The paper first examines the jurisprudential underpinning of a moral wrong and then proceeds to examine the norms that prohibit cartel behaviour. Upon a careful analysis of the nature and conduct of cartels, the paper concludes that cartels act in a manner that is both morally and legally wrong. The paper then suggests that the sanctions that the Competition Act of Kenya imposes on cartels are justified on both moral and legal basis.
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Derevyagina, Ol'ga Evgen'evna. "Interpretation of certain aspects of criminal restriction of competition." Право и политика, no. 7 (July 2021): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.7.36074.
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The subject of this research is the norms of antimonopoly legislation aimed at prevention and suppression of cartels, the norms of tax legislation that define the income and establish special tax regime for professional income, the norms of the Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the draft federal law on amendments to the Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and practical implementation of the Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The goal of this research is to examine the concept of income derived by the cartel; establish whether self-employed citizens can be the subject of an offence under this category, and clarify the criminal responsibility of the parties to the cartel agreement. The novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to examine the question of attributing the individuals conducting business activity under the special “Professional Income Tax” regime (self-employed citizens) to economic entities (i.e., parties to the cartel agreement). The effective legislation indicates that self-employed citizens do not belong to this group, as they are not state registered. A substantiation is made that a conscious neglect or an indifference to such socially dangerous consequence as income unfeasible: the cartel agreement is aimed at derivation of sizeable income. A consciously indifferent attitude is possible only towards such socially dangerous consequence as infliction of considerable damage. The field of application of acquired results is the activity of law enforcement agencies.
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Beaton-Wells, Caron, and Fiona Haines. "Making Cartel Conduct Criminal: A Case Study of Ambiguity in Controlling Business Behaviour." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 42, no. 2 (August 2009): 218–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.42.2.218.
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This article explores the regulation of cartel conduct in Australia focusing, in particular, on the recent decision to criminalise so-called ‘hard-core’ cartels. It illuminates three interdependent ambiguities in regulating such conduct: economic, moral and legal. The case study is drawn on to highlight the challenges for the criminal law in attempting to resolve such ambiguities or tensions as they arise in the regulation of business behaviour generally.We argue that such challenges exist because the ambiguities reflect broader shifts taking place on an ongoing basis in economic policy, political ideology and social norms in Australian society.
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Domínguez Hernández, Marlen A. "PARA UNA CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA VARIEDAD CUBANA DEL ESPAÑOL EN LA DÉCADA DEL CUARENTA DECIMONÓNICA. COMENTARIO DE CARTAS." Normas 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/normas.2.4657.
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En este artículo se discute si la variedad cubana de la década del 40 del siglo XIX está ya suficientemente diferenciada, y se trata de demostrar, a partir del estudio de un grupo de rasgos tipificadores en una muestra de cartas, que los procesos más importantes, de modo general, no han concluido completamente su cambio.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cartes – Normes"
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Sane, Abdoul Karim. "De la topologie des courbes sur les surfaces aux cartes unicellulaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN028/document.
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Cette thèse se place à l'interface entre la topologie et la combinatoire. On s'intéresse dans un premier temps au problème de réalisation des boules unités duales des normes d'intersections sur les surfaces orientables. On montre aussi un certain lien entre les normes d'intersections et la norme de Thurston sur les 3-variétés.On montre par ailleurs l'existence d'un graphe dit de chirurgie sur l'ensemble des cartes unicellulaires d'une surface orientable. Dans le cas des collections unicellulaires et de cartes cubiques unicellulaires, le graphe de chirurgie s'avère connexeThis thesis stay in between topology and combinatory. Our first concerned is the problem of realization of dual unit ball of intersection norms on orientable surfaces. We also show a certain relation between intersection norms and Thurston norms on 3-manifolds. On the other part, we show the existence of graph structure on unicellular maps on orientable surface coming from a surgery operation on unicellular maps: a surgery graph. Its happen that surgery graph on unicellular collections and cubic unicellular maps is connected
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Majdalani, Irma. "Le capital social carte génétique d'une économie : cas du Liban." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0001.
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Monge, Julia. "Les consommations de substances illicites entre parents et enfants : carrière d'usage, carrière parentale et tension normative." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0102.
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Lorsque des parents consomment des drogues, l’on est tenté de se demander quel sera l’impact de cette pratique sur leurs enfants. Le regard que porte notre travail se situe en contre-champ de cette approche. Nous examinons, chez des parents usagers de substances illicites, les bouleversements que la socialisation de leurs enfants provoque sur leur manière de consommer. C’est au prisme de cette problématique que nous abordons le cas spécifique des consommations partagées. En combinant observation participante, entretiens semi-directifs et analyse de documents, l’enquête se donne pour objectif d’observer les interactions entre des familles dont au moins un enfant mineur a consommé une substance illicite avec ses parents et les acteurs chargés de prescrire, diffuser et garantir les normes en matière de parentalité. L’investigation a été réalisée en deux pans correspondant à ces deux populations. Elle aboutit à considérer la parentalité comme une carrière dépendante de la socialisation de l’enfant et dont le cadre de contrainte entre en contradiction avec celui des consommations. En ce sens, l’enfant constitue le curseur d’une tension normative entre la carrière parentale et la carrière de consommation. L’inclure ou l’exclure des pratiques liées aux drogues participe, pour le parent, d’une stratégie d’aménagement de ses deux carrièresWhen parents use drugs, it is tempting to wonder what impact this practice will have on their children. Our work asks the opposite question. We look at how parents who use illicit substances are affected by their children's socialization and how this affects the way they use drugs. It is in the prism of this issue that we approach the specific case of shared consumption. By combining participant observation, semi-directive interviews and document analysis, the survey aims to observe the interactions between families in which at least one minor child has used an illicit substance with his or her parents and the actors responsible for prescribing, disseminating and guaranteeing standards of parenting. The investigation was carried out in two sections corresponding to these two populations. It concluded that parenthood is a career dependent on the socialization of the child. As a framework of constraint, it contradicts the framework of consumption. In this sense, the child constitutes the cursor of a normative tension between the parental career and the consumer career. Including or excluding the child from drug-related practices is, for the parent, part of a strategy to develop both careers
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Gosselin, Stéphane. "Recherche de motifs fréquents dans une base de cartes combinatoires." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838571.
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Une carte combinatoire est un modèle topologique qui permet de représenter les subdivisions de l'espace en cellules et les relations d'adjacences et d'incidences entre ces cellules en n dimensions. Cette structure de données est de plus en plus utilisée en traitement d'images, mais elle manque encore d'outils pour les analyser. Notre but est de définir de nouveaux outils pour les cartes combinatoires nD. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l'extraction de sous-cartes fréquentes dans une base de cartes. Nous proposons deux signatures qui sont également des formes canoniques de cartes combinatoires. Ces signatures ont chacune leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. La première permet de décider de l'isomorphisme entre deux cartes en temps linéaire, en contrepartie le coût de stockage en mémoire est quadratique en la taille de la carte. La seconde signature a un coût de stockage en mémoire linéaire en la taille de la carte, cependant le temps de calcul de l'isomorphisme est quadratique. Elles sont utilisables à la fois pour des cartes connexes, non connexes, valuées ou non valuées. Ces signatures permettent de représenter une base de cartes combinatoires et de rechercher un élément de manière efficace. De plus, le temps de recherche ne dépend pas du nombre de cartes présent dans la base. Ensuite, nous formalisons le problème de recherche de sous-cartes fréquentes dans une base de cartes combinatoires nD. Nous implémentons deux algorithmes pour résoudre ce problème. Le premier algorithme extrait les sous-cartes fréquentes par une approche en largeur tandis que le second utilise une approche en profondeur. Nous comparons les performances de ces deux algorithmes sur des bases de cartes synthétiques. Enfin, nous proposons d'utiliser les motifs fréquents dans une application de classification d'images. Chaque image est décrite par une carte qui est transformée en un vecteur représentant le nombre d'occurrences des motifs fréquents. À partir de ces vecteurs, nous utilisons des techniques classiques de classification définies sur les espaces vectoriels. Nous proposons des expérimentations en classification supervisée et non supervisée sur deux bases d'images.
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Voges, Edmund. "Briefe aus dem Norden - Verhandlungen mit dem Norden : Konstruktionen einer iberischen Moderne bei Ángel Ganivet und Josep Pla /." Frankfurt am Main [u. a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/377402443.pdf.
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ABOU, BERENGERE. "Instabilite interfaciale d'une couche de ferrofluide sous champ magnetique normal ; etude de la transition hexagones-carres." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066002.
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Un ferrofluide est une solution colloidale stable de particules ferromagnetiques, de taille de l'ordre de 100 a, dans un liquide porteur. Lorsqu'une couche de ferrofluide est soumise a un champ magnetique uniforme et vertical, une instabilite interfaciale se developpe au dessus d'une valeur critique du champ. La surface libre, initialement plane, se herisse de pics disposes selon un reseau hexagonal. Si l'on augmente encore le champ magnetique, le reseau hexagonal se transforme progressivement en reseau carre, au dessus d'une second seuil. La premiere partie de ce travail a ete de realiser une analyse lineaire d'une couche de ferrofluide d'epaisseur et de viscosite quelconques. La relation de dispersion generale obtenue, est simplifiee pour quatre cas asymptotiques de la couche de fluide, correspondant le plus souvent aux cas experimentaux : couche mince ou epaisse, visqueuse ou inertielle. Les domaines de validite des differents regimes sont explicites, ce qui nous a permis de situer notre experience dans le cadre de la theorie lineaire. Nous nous sommes ensuite interesses au mecanisme de la transition hexagones-carres. Nous avons montre que les defauts pentahepta, presents dans le reseau hexagonal, agissent comme des centres de nucleation de la transition. Afin d'etudier leur comportement lors de la transition, nous avons isole ces defauts ou diminue leur nombre, par deux methodes. Enfin, nous presentons les resultats de selection de nombre d'onde par variation quasistatique et brutale du champ magnetique. Nous montrons ainsi que la transition hexagones-carres peut etre induite a champ constant et inferieur au seuil de la transition, lorsque nous comprimons le reseau hexagonal de facon isotrope.
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Malta, Júlia Dias Santana. "Análise da mediação do livro “Cartas de quem passou por aqui” sobre os significados do câncer em situações de saúde e educação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/7610.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou
O câncer infanto-juvenil é um problema de saúde pública e, com o aumento da sobrevida de crianças e adolescentes acometidos por ele, tornou-se fundamental direcionar os esforços e recursos para orientar estratégias do cuidado desses pacientes nos diferentes níveis de atuação, como na promoção da saúde, na formação de recursos humanos, na comunicação e mobilização social, bem como na produção de materiais que contribuam para o enfrentamento da doença e o bem-estar desses indivíduos. Dentre as diversas formas de enfrentamento, destacam-se a troca de experiência e informação sobre a doença, o acolhimento dos profissionais de saúde e as atividades lúdicas, destacando-se a literatura infanto-juvenil. Sendo assim, foi produzido um livro de cartas para ser utilizado como recurso terapêutico e didático contendo algumas informações sobre o câncer e sobre o dia a dia da criança doente. A avaliação do material procurou analisar a mediação do livro sobre os significados do câncer para profissionais da saúde e educação, além de determinar as possibilidades de utilização. A partir das falas dos sujeitos e dos resultados obtidos a partir da sua aplicação, percebe-se que o material é capaz de sensibilizar e de fazer refletir aqueles que o temem mãos sobre diversos aspectos da vida, da educação formal e da sociedade.
The cancer in children and teenagers is a public health problem, and with the increased survival of children and adolescents affected by it, it became essential to direct efforts and resources to guide strategies of care of patients in different levels of action, as in health promotion,training of human resources, communication and social mobilization as well as theproduction of materials that contribute to coping with the disease and well-being of these individuals. Among the various ways of coping, we highlight the exchange of experience and information about the disease, the host of health and recreational activities, especially the children's literature. Thus, we produced a book of letters to be used as therapeutic and educational resource containing some information about cancer and about the daily life of the sick child. The evaluation of the material sought to analyze the mediation of the bookon the meanings of cancer for health care and education, and determine the possibilities of use. From the statements of the subjects and the results obtainedfrom its application, it is clear that the material is able to raise awareness and to reflect on those who have hands on various aspects of life, formal education and society.
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Rouby, Delphine. "Restauration en carte des domaines faillés en extension. Méthode et applications." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675437.
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Les méthodes de restauration en coupe ou en carte sont des outils performants pour estimer les déplacements dans les domaines déformés. De plus, elles permettent de tester la cohésion géométrique d'une carte ou d'une coupe, laquelle est considérée comme acceptable d'un point de vu cinématique si son état restauré est géologiquement acceptable. Etant donné que les méthodes de restauration en coupe sont limitées aux domaines de déformation plane, nous avons mis au point une méthode numérique de restauration en carte conçue pour les domaines faillés en extension. Nous utilisons des cartes de niveaux stratigraphiques sur lesquelles sont reportés le champ de failles et la composante horizontale du rejet normal sur chacune de ces failles (carte de rejets horizontaux). Nous considérons que le niveau est restauré lorsque le rejet sur les failles a été inversé. Pour ce faire, nous "découpons" la carte de rejets horizontaux en un ensemble de blocs limités par des failles. Les rejets sur les failles sont inversés en ajustant les blocs les uns par rapport aux autres par une série de rotations et de translations rigides visant à minimiser par moindre carré les vides et les recouvrements entre les blocs. A partir de l'état déformé et de l'état restauré de l'horizon stratigraphique, nous établissons (1) un champ des déplacements finis (2) un champ de rotations finies des blocs et (3) un champ de déformation. Nous avons appliqué cette méthode à trois exemples: deux bassins sédimentaires (le bassin de Campos sur la marge atlantique brésilienne et le delta du Niger sur la marge atlantique nigériane) et un domaine d'extension à l'échelle de la croûte (la dépression Afar à la jonction de la Mer Rouge, du Golfe D'Aden et du Rift Est Africain). Nous avons choisi d'appliquer notre méthode dans le bassin de Campos parce que le glissement gravitaire divergent de la couverture sédimentaire a produit un étirement affectant plusieurs directions horizontales c'est à dire une déformation non plane. Le jeu de données dans le delta du Niger nous permet de calculer des champs de déplacements et de déformation incrémentaux en restaurant plusieurs niveaux stratigraphiques au sein d'un même bassin. Dans les deux cas, les données sont issues d'une couverture sismique. La dépression Afar est un exemple qui nous permet d'illustrer notre méthode lorsqu'elle est appliquée à une échelle différente en utilisant des cartes issues de l'interprétation d'image satellites SPOT. Dans le bassin de Campos nous avons restauré deux marqueurs stratigraphiques: un marqueur oligocène et un marqueur crétacé supérieur. Dans les deux cas nous obtenons un champ de déplacement avec des vecteurs divergents vers le large. Cependant le champ de déplacement et le champ de failles sont différents d'un horizon à l'autre. Nous suggérons que ce soit le résultat de la mise en place au Tertiaire d'un delta avec un front de propagation triangulaire. La surcharge sédimentaire associée serait le moteur du l'étalement gravitaire divergent et aurait induit un nouveau champ de failles. Dans le delta du Niger, nous avons appliqué notre méthode à six marqueurs stratigraphiques au sein d'un système de failles de croissance correspondant à deux failles majeures antithétiques et à un "roll-over" faillé. Nous avons calculé les champs de déplacements correspondant aux incréments de temps entre les dépôts des horizons successifs. Nous montrons que les déplacements horizontaux les plus importants ont lieu au cours des dernières étapes du développement du roll-over, au moment de son effondrement gravitaire. Deux modèles ont été proposés jusqu'à maintenant pour expliquer la structuration du Sud-Est de la dépression Afar. Soit l'extension est considérée comme le résultat du recouvrement entre deux rifts' se propageant dans des directions opposées et est accommodée par un mécanisme de rotations de blocs (bookshelt). Soit elle est produite par la rotation anti-horaire de la bordure Est de la dépression. Nous avons déterminé les champs de déplacements, de rotations et de déformations dans ce secteur. Nous montrons qu'il existe un gradient SW-NE dans l'intensité des rotations de blocs, des déformations et des déplacements. De plus il existe un changement des directions de déformation et de délpacement depuis une direction NNE-SSW dans la partie ouest de la dépression vers une direction NE-SW à l'Est. Ces résultats sont compatibles avec une rotation antihoraire de la bordure Est mais pas avec un mécanisme de bookshelf qui devrait être associé à une distribution uniforme des intensités de rotations et de déformation.
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Bjurén, Isa, and Elin Blomberg. "Karriär och föräldraskap -En studie om kvinnliga ledares utmaningar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73021.
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Throughout history women have been excluded from leading positions. Today, however, there is an equal gender distribution among Swedish managers, which by some is seen as a result of the Nordic model. Despite this, current statistics show that women tend to have a greater responsibility over child rearing and household duties. The aim of this study is to examine female leaders’ experiences of combining family and career, the challenges they face, and if these differ from male leaders. Previous research on women’s work commitment has shown that mothers are not less committed to their careers than women without children. At the same time other studies show that working mothers feel guilty over not being good enough parents. This study is based on eight qualitative interviews with female and male leaders in Sweden. The study shows that the female participants face challenges to their careers because of traditional gender norms, however these norms do not disfavour the male participants. This study also illustrates that the female subjects meet greater expectations both in their roles as leaders as well as in their roles as parents. Gender norms regarding motherhood result in that the women are made to feel guilty if traditional expectations go unmet. This is not something experienced by any of the male participants.
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Salaroli, Abner Ribeiro. "Análise do processo de elaboração das normas internacionais de contabilidade pública." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5610.
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-06It was sought in this study to investigate how the public consultation process can influence the delimitation of the International Public Accounting Standards (IPSAS) issued by IFAC. Thus, it was possible to identify the participation of several worldwide agents, in addition to verify the link between the characteristics of suggestions submitted and its acceptance by the responsible agency. This research was based on theoretical conceptual the Tridimensional Theory of Law, developed by Miguel Reale, wherein fact, value and norm are present and are related consistently, dialectical and complementary throughout the regulatory process, in the case in question, the accounting standardization. The facts represent present situations in the context of each participant, which are, in its turn, oriented, among other factors, by ideologies and principles, which are the values. Already the norm is the result of the relation between facts and values and is represented here by the IPSAS. As a methodological approach, resorted to documental research, to the content analysis and to the quantitative analysis through the Chi-square test and the interpretation of standardized residuals. From the sample, composed by suggestions made in 123 letters, was identified 59 agents from many countries, and 76% were not owned by the IFAC members. Also, the institutions occurred in seven different grades, such as professional institutions, regional standardization bodies, government agencies. On the acceptance level of the submitted contributions, were counted 926 suggestions, of which 322 somehow, the IFAC held. Moreover, there was an expressive participation from Oceania with 29.5% of the contributions total and participation of the Accounting Standards Board (South Africa) and the Australian Heads of Treasuries Accounting and Reporting Advisory Committee (HoTARAC) and Australian Accounting Standards Board, and both institutions that most delivered contributions. Additionally, the quantitative approach, succeeded evidence of a greater association between the suggestions of non-members and acceptance by the IFAC. There was also a strong link between compliance and the contributions of type Form. Still, for the entire sample, there was no evidence of dependence between the level of acceptance and the fact that the items whether they are converging standards issued by the IASB. However, the tests for each statement occurred, in some cases, evidence of association for both situations: approach and distancing of private standards, according to the sub-sample analyzed
Buscou-se neste estudo investigar como o processo de consulta pública pode influenciar o delineamento das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade Pública (IPSAS), emitidas pela IFAC. Nesse sentido, foi possível identificar a participação de vários agentes mundiais, além de verificar a relação entre as características das sugestões enviadas e sua aceitação pelo órgão responsável. Esta pesquisa teve como base teórica e conceitual a Teoria Tridimensional do Direito, desenvolvida por Miguel Reale, na qual fato, valor e norma estão presentes e se relacionam de forma constante, dialética e complementar, ao longo do processo normativo e, no caso em tela, a normatização contábil. Os fatos representam situações presentes no contexto de cada participante, as quais são, por seu turno, orientadas, entre outros fatores, por ideologias e princípios, que são os valores. Já a norma é fruto da relação entre fatos e valores e é aqui representada pelas IPSAS. Como abordagem metodológica, recorreu-se à pesquisa documental, à análise de conteúdo e à análise quantitativa, por meio do teste Qui-quadrado e da interpretação dos resíduos padronizados. Da amostra, composta pelas sugestões presentes em 123 cartas, houve identificação de 59 agentes de diversos países, dos quais 76% não eram pertencentes ao corpo de membros da IFAC. Ainda, as instituições ocorreram em sete diferentes classes, como órgãos profissionais, organismos regionais de normalização, órgãos governamentais. Sobre o nível de aceitação das contribuições enviadas, contaram-se 926 sugestões, das quais 322, de alguma forma, a IFAC considerou. Ademais, houve expressiva participação da Oceania com 29,5% do total de contribuições e a participação do Accounting Standards Board (África do Sul) e dos australianos Heads of Treasuries Accounting and Reporting Advisory Committee (HoTARAC) e Australian Accounting Standards Board, sendo ambas as instituições que mais forneceram contribuições. Além disso, pela abordagem quantitativa, sucederam evidências de maior associação entre as sugestões de não membros e aceitação pela IFAC. Também ocorreu uma forte ligação entre o acatamento e as contribuições do tipo Forma. Ainda, para a totalidade da amostra, não houve comprovação de dependência entre o nível de aceitação e o fato de os itens serem ou não convergentes às normas emitidas pelo IASB. Entretanto, nos testes para cada pronunciamento ocorreram, em alguns casos, evidências de associação para ambas as situações: aproximação e distanciamento das normas privadas, de acordo com a subamostra analisada
Books on the topic "Cartes – Normes"
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PCI compliance: The definitive guide. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014.
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El cartel de los sapos. Bogotá: Editorial Planeta Colombiana, 2008.
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Gurrieri, Francesco. Restauro e conservazione: Carte del restauro, norme, convenzioni e mozioni sul patrimonio architettonico ed artistico. Firenze: Edizioni Polistampa, 1992.
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Torsten, Hägerstrand, and Buttimer Anne, eds. Geographers of Norden: Reflections on career experiences. Lund, Sweden: Royal University of Lund, Dept. of Geography, Lund University Press, 1988.
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El cartel de los sapos 2. Doral, FL: Aguilar, 2010.
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author, De Pauli Arrigo, ed. Carte e corti europee diritti fondamentali e giustizia italiana: L'operatore nazionale fra norme paracostituzionali e sentenze normative europee nella stravolta gerarchia delle fonti. Torino: G. Giappichelli Editore, 2014.
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Nosella, Paolo. Schola Mater: A antiga Escola Normal de São Carlos, 1911-1933. São Carlos: Editora da UFSCar, 1996.
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The takedown: A suburban mom, a coal miner's son, and the unlikely demise of Colombia's brutal Norte Valle Cartel. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2011.
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Places, Center for American, ed. Erikson, Eskimos & Columbus: Medieval European knowledge of America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
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Piccardo, Nicoletta. Estrategias para hacer carrera. Barcelona: Editorial De Vecchi, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cartes – Normes"
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Jenkinson, Howard F. "Dental caries." In Medical Importance of the Normal Microflora, 74–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3021-0_4.
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Laszlo, Pierre. "Skipping the Norms." In A Life and Career in Chemistry, 137–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82393-1_17.
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Manfredo, Michael J. "Norms: Social Influences on Human Thoughts About Wildlife." In Who Cares About Wildlife?, 111–39. New York, NY: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77040-6_5.
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Hertzberg, Fredrik. "Potential, Actuality or Vulnerability? The Importance of Recognition in Career Counselling for Newly Arrived Migrants." In Migration, Education and Employment, 45–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41919-5_4.
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AbstractThis article studies the importance of recognition in career guidance counselling for newly arrived migrants. The term “recognition” is used as a sensitising concept, in line with Herbert Blumer’s sociology. The article draws attention to many different meanings of the concept of recognition, such as the recognition of previously established knowledge, skills and experiences; study and career aspirations; norms and values; opportunities for development; and the recognition of particularly difficult and therefore noteworthy life circumstances. The study is based on the analysis of qualitative data, drawn from semi-structured interviews with 14 study and career counsellors, who in their work meet (or have met) newly arrived migrants. The analysis draws attention to the fact that opportunities for development, as well as the recognition of particularly difficult and thus noteworthy life circumstances, are usually acknowledged without more extensive objections, but that the recognition of previously established knowledge, skills and experiences, study and career aspirations as well as norms and values can, according to the interviewees, lead to goal conflicts in study and career counselling work (although the relevance of a recognizing approach is generally emphasised).
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Ozaki, C. Casey, and Anne M. Hornak. "The Influence of Institutional Type and Socialization Processes on the Ideal Worker Norms of Student Affairs Professionals." In Creating Sustainable Careers in Student Affairs, 74–96. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003443834-6.
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Isdell, Laura, and Lisa Wolf-Wendel. "How the Structure and Demands of Student Affairs Reflect Ideal Worker Norms and Influence Work – Life Integration." In Creating Sustainable Careers in Student Affairs, 15–33. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003443834-3.
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Vilhjálmsdóttir, Guðbjörg. "Career Changes on the Horizon: The Importance of Group Norms in Interpreting Results of Career Adaptability Measures." In Psychology of Career Adaptability, Employability and Resilience, 375–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66954-0_22.
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Sawer, Marian, and Maria Maley. "Women Arrive in the Parliamentary Workplace." In Toxic Parliaments, 17–37. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48328-8_2.
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AbstractDespite achieving the right to stand for parliament, women’s role as wife and mother was expected to largely preclude political ambitions. Parliaments resisted the presence of women, even as Hansard reporters, although out of public view they filled administrative roles in the offices of parliamentarians and ministers. Politics remained a ‘two-person career’, with wives expected to contribute unpaid political support for their husbands, as well as managing family and household. The eventual inflow of younger women into parliament in the 1990s (in Australia, after the adoption of party quotas) led to a struggle to convert a masculine institution into a family-friendly one. Babies in the chamber could no longer be treated as ‘strangers’ and parental leave and childcare were needed. Women took on prominent roles in ministers’ offices, though such positions of influence could be perilous. This chapter tracks changing perspectives on the social expectations, organisational practices and institutional norms that served to exclude women from political careers or to constrain their contribution once they had arrived in parliament.
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O’Brien, John. "From the Audience to the Stage: Literary Celebrity and Literary Career in Norman Mailer’s Advertisements for Myself." In Literary Careers in the Modern Era, 39–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137478504_3.
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Sawer, Marian, and Maria Maley. "Institutional Norms and the Cost of Doing Politics." In Toxic Parliaments, 39–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48328-8_3.
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AbstractWomen entering non-traditional workplaces commonly experience hostility in the form of sexual harassment. The parliamentary workplace has additional features that make reform difficult, despite feminist standard-setting in transnational bodies. Difficulties include applying employment law to MPs who are not employees in any real sense themselves but have almost complete power over their staff. Adversarial traditions normalise aggressive conduct rather than a respectful workplace and also make it likely that any complaint will be weaponised politically. Many are silenced by fear that to complain will damage their party as well as their own career. Another obstacle to reform has been the tradition of parliamentary privilege, the right of parliaments to regulate their own affairs free from external interference. This has held back the introduction of professional employment standards, on the grounds that the best form of accountability for parliamentarians is at the ballot box.
Conference papers on the topic "Cartes – Normes"
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Penin, Lara. "Public Libraries as Engines of Democracy: A research and pedagogical case study on design for re-entry." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.001.
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Lilja, Petra. "Design for the Age of Species – Exploring ways for designers to care for multispecies coexistence." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.037.
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Alaca, Fahrettin. "Advanced Resilient Practices: Demythologizing design heritage." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.013.
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Patarroyo, Jaime. "Testimonial Digital Textiles: Material metaphors to think with care about reconciliation with four memory sewing circles in Colombia." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.036.
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Lindström, Kristina. "Caring Design Experiments in the Aftermath." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.022.
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Dezső-Dinnyés, Renáta. "Co-Ability Practices." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.003.
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Kääriäinen, Pirjo. "Towards Sustainable Textile Materials: Potential pathways and dialogues between disciplines." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.010.
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Zuljevic, Mela. "(Un)Curating the City: Participatory design and urban heritage." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.033.
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Huybrechts, Liesbeth. "Health Cultures: Designing healthcare infrastructures as urban interfaces for society participation." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.016.
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Skjulstad, Synne. "Taking Care of Plastic: Discursive jewellery and anthropogenic debris." In Nordes 2019: Who Cares? Nordes, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2019.012.
Full textReports on the topic "Cartes – Normes"
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Bosch, Mariano, Suzanne Duryea, Stephanie González, and María Teresa Silva Porto. Intervención conductual para mejorar el cumplimiento de la cuota de empleo de personas con discapacidad en Perú. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003148.
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Existe evidencia empírica que los recordatorios, mensajes disuasorios y las normas sociales y morales afectan el comportamiento de los individuos respecto al cumplimiento de sus obligaciones tributarias. Este estudio analiza el cumplimiento de la cuota de empleo de personas con discapacidad en Perú, a través de un experimento aleatorio en el cual la agencia de inspección laboral peruana (SUNAFIL) envió 1000 cartas a empresas formales de más de 50 trabajadores, indicándoles la obligatoriedad de cumplir con la cuota de empleo de trabajadores con discapacidad. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente a 500 empresas para enviarles la carta con mensaje punitivo y a otras 500 empresas para enviarles la carta con mensaje de compromiso social. Un año después del envío de las cartas no se observa un cambio de comportamiento con respecto al cumplimiento de la cuota de discapacidad, sin embargo, las cartas tuvieron un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en el porcentaje de empresas que contrataron al menos una hora de trabajadores con discapacidad (1,5 puntos porcentuales). El mayor impacto se encontró entre las empresas que recibieron la carta con mensaje punitivo (1,8 puntos porcentuales), siendo el impacto estadísticamente significativo. En el caso de las cartas con mensaje de compromiso el impacto no fue estadísticamente significativo (1,1 puntos porcentuales). Esta evidencia sugiere que existe aún un margen de mejora del cumplimiento de las regulaciones laborales, ya sea a través de una fiscalización más proactiva y/o herramientas conductuales complementarias como los recordatorios.
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Charbonneau, L., J. Donner, G. Filion, and N. Pierce. Normes et spécifications de la carte CanTopo 1/50 000. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293992.
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Carter, Eric, and James Norman. Three approaches, two go arounds, and one diversion. Hindsight, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31356/avi-fac062.
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A surprise in the air often means surprise on the ground, but controllers and pilots rarely have the chance to share perspectives. In this article, Eric Carter and James Norman present a case study to highlight the benefit of a collaborative voice.
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Tranby, Eric, Madhuli Thakkur, Matt Jacob, and Julie Frantsve-Hawley. Dental Care's New Normal: Provider Survey Reveals the Need to Adapt and Redesign. DentaQuest Partnership for Oral Health Advancement, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35565/dqp.2020.2011.
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Tranby, Eric, Madhuli Thakkar Samtani, Matt Jacob, and Julie Frantsve-Hawley. Dental Care's New Normal: Provider Survey Reveals the Need to Adapt and Redesign. CareQuest Institute for Oral Health, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35565/cqi.2020.2011.
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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.
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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
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Prina, Silvia, and Heather Royer. The Importance of Parental Knowledge and Social Norms: Evidence from Weight Report Cards in Mexico. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19344.
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Leis, Sherry, and Mary Short. George Washington Carver National Monument plant community report: 2004–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288500.
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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network completed its sixth year of plant community monitoring at George Washington Carver National Monument in 2020. Plant community monitoring focused on the restored prairie community. We visited seven monitoring sites in each of the six years and collected data on plant species and ground cover. In this report we also included two environmental factors—precipitation and recent fire history—to better understand the vegetation community status and trends. Since 2000, precipitation has often been below the 30-year normal. Moreover, annual precipitation was below normal for all but one of the monitoring years. We found that the drought in 2012 stood out as possibly influencing plant guild cover. Although prairies are adapted to drought, further analyses might reveal more about the role of climate change in these vegetation communities. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became more frequent and consistent through the period of plant monitoring. Additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, also supported a healthy prairie. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness in 2012 was different than in two of the six years monitored. However, diversity indices (H′ and J′) were very similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) exhibited differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the monument, were statistically similar across years. In 2020, grass-like species increased, but grass species appeared to have declined below prior years. Grass cover in 2004 was statistically different (greater) than in 2008 and 2020. The reasons for this are not clear. Of particular interest to the park is the status of two sumac species (Rhus glabra and R. copallinum). These species were in decline as a result of focused management actions since 2012. However, the blackberry species (Rubus spp.) seemed to be replacing the sumac in some sites. In 2020, nonnative species richness and cover were below peak levels, demonstrating management actions have been successful in maintaining low levels. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2004 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. Although a decline in species richness was anticipated, that pattern was not apparent. However, the abundance of grasses may have been affected by the shift in seasonality of sampling. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded (stem tallies in some cases and cover estimates in other cases). We converted all cover data to stem tallies and density was calculated to be consistent with the protocol. The monument has had success with coordinating fire management and invasive species management. A decrease in sumac across the prairie is evidence of this success. These actions will continue to be important for maintaining the prairie in good condition into the future.
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Hwa, Yue-Yi. Choose and Curate toward Commitment to Capable and Committed teachers (5Cs): A Set of Principles for Teacher Career Reform. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ib_2023/02.
Full textAbstract:
Classroom teaching is complex. This means that pursuing a vision of empowered, highly respected, strongly performance-normed, contextually embedded teaching professionals who cultivate student learning requires a systemic approach to teacher career reform. One such approach is a set of principles called the 5Cs: choose and curate toward commitment to capable and committed teachers.1 Education authorities must initially choose prospective teachers based on the best available information. Education authorities should also designate the novice phase as a period of curation involving extensive support for teachers’ pedagogical development and careful identification of those teachers who are most likely to make sustained, careerlong contributions to student learning. Such teachers must be technically capable and equipped for cultivating student learning in their specific school, classroom, and curricular contexts. Additionally, teachers must also be motivationally committed to the systemwide purpose of cultivating children’s learning. After these teachers have demonstrated their capability and commitment, education authorities should make a long-term employment commitment to them.
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Andrian, Leandro Gaston, and Luis Fernando Mejía. Impacto del COVID-19 en los sistemas financieros de los países andinos: lecciones aprendidas y desafíos hacia adelante. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004600.
Full textAbstract:
Desde que comenzó la pandemia del COVID-19 se han presentado importantes efectos negativos en materia sanitaria y económica. Los países de la Comunidad Andina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, no fueron la excepción a este gran impacto global. En este difícil contexto, una de las preocupaciones esenciales de los hacedores de política fue la de evitar un colapso del crédito bancario que pudiera amplificar los efectos negativos de la crisis, por ejemplo, a través de cierres innecesarios de empresas que, frente al aumento generalizado en la percepción de riesgo crediticio, no habrían podido acceder a líneas de financiamiento para su capital de trabajo. Como respuesta a la posibilidad de este escenario adverso, los países de la CAN implementaron una serie de medidas que permitieron que el canal del crédito continuara fluyendo de forma relativamente exitosa, a través de garantías públicas para líneas de crédito privado, así como el relajamiento temporal de las normas crediticias y de calidad de cartera. Los sistemas de crédito de la CAN tenían una solidez importante antes del choque del COVID-19, lo que evitó la materialización de riesgos sistémicos y permitió que las medidas de política fueran exitosas en evitar un colapso del crédito bancario. El análisis revela, que las medidas de política implementadas permitieron mantener el flujo de crédito en tres de los cuatros países, evitar deterioros en la calidad de cartera, y mantener la relación de solvencia patrimonial. Sin embargo, como era de esperarse, la rentabilidad disminuyó sustancialmente. Los resultados indican que, los indicadores de calidad de cartera se deterioraron más allá de lo que indicaban los datos, con diferencias sustanciales entre el cálculo contrafactual y el dato observado en los casos de Bolivia y Colombia. Es decir, las medidas de política implementadas permitieron que el sistema financiero no colapsara, pero los indicadores de calidad de la cartera se relajaron pudiendo no reflejar la salud del sistema financiero de acuerdo con los estándares prepandemia.