Academic literature on the topic 'Cartagena Declaration on Refugees'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cartagena Declaration on Refugees"
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Alva, Jenica, and Irawati Handayani. "Regionalism as a Solution to Refugee Protection in ASEAN." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 379–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a9.
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The problem of refugees has become a global phenomenon that brings widespread impacts to all involving parties. The humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya ethnic group increased the number of refugees in ASEAN who needs international protection. However, legal and political framework governing refugee protection in ASEAN is still very insignificant. This research is to answer whether regionalism is successful in resolving the problem of refugees in international level and whether a regionalism approach can be applied in ASEAN level to deal with refugees. This study used normative juridical research methods with literature study techniques. Based on the results, the study revealed that regionalism has successfully solved the problem of refugees. However, the development of regionalism needs to be improved to deal with mass-influx problems. Regionalism has succeeded in encouraging world regions such as Europe, Africa, and Latin America to form various binding regional mechanisms (CEAS, OAU Convention, and Cartagena Declaration). Compared to the universal approach, regionalism is a better option because of its flexible nature. It also provides choices to member states in handling refugee protection activities. Based on the comparison of regionalism practices from the three regions, the regionalism approach in ASEAN has a great potential to solve refugee problems more effectively.
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Alva, Jenica, and Irawati Handayani. "Regionalism as a Solution to Refugee Protection in ASEAN." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 379–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a9.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of refugees has become a global phenomenon that brings widespread impacts to all involving parties. The humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya ethnic group increased the number of refugees in ASEAN who needs international protection. However, legal and political framework governing refugee protection in ASEAN is still very insignificant. This research is to answer whether regionalism is successful in resolving the problem of refugees in international level and whether a regionalism approach can be applied in ASEAN level to deal with refugees. This study used normative juridical research methods with literature study techniques. Based on the results, the study revealed that regionalism has successfully solved the problem of refugees. However, the development of regionalism needs to be improved to deal with mass-influx problems. Regionalism has succeeded in encouraging world regions such as Europe, Africa, and Latin America to form various binding regional mechanisms (CEAS, OAU Convention, and Cartagena Declaration). Compared to the universal approach, regionalism is a better option because of its flexible nature. It also provides choices to member states in handling refugee protection activities. Based on the comparison of regionalism practices from the three regions, the regionalism approach in ASEAN has a great potential to solve refugee problems more effectively.
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Han, Junsung. "The 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees Reconsidered: Understanding the Displacement-Peace Nexus." Journal of Korean Politics 30, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35656/jkp.30.3.7.
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Tinker, Catherine Jane, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "New trends in migratory and refugee law in Brazil: the expanded refugee definition." Revista do Direito 3, no. 50 (September 5, 2016): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/rdunisc.v3i50.8277.
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This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of "refuge" and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”, Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilian refugee law should be available rather than the complementary system of humanitarian visas.
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (May 26, 2018): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v3i3-4.34406.
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This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (May 26, 2018): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v3i3-4.p143-169.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2015): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y3.n3-4.p143-169.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Tinker, Catherine, and Laura Madrid Sartoretto. "NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 3, no. 3-4 (May 26, 2018): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y3n3-4.p143-169.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
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Beaton, Eilidh. "Replacing the Persecution Condition for Refugeehood." Philosophy of law and general theory of law, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2707-7039.2.269242.
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In this article, earlier versions of which were presented at the IVR World Congress in 2019 and in graduate student workshops at the University of Pennsylvania, the author offers a critical look at the existing definition of a refugee in international law, in particular, in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The Convention recognizes a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion as a condition for a person to be granted refugee status. However, this leaves significant gaps in the protection of persons fleeing indiscriminate or generalized violence or harm, although such people today constitute a significant proportion of those forced to move from their country of nationality. The author emphasizes that within some regions and countries there are legal instruments capable of bridging these gaps (the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention on the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, as well as temporary protection in the EU and the US), but the UN Convention continues to be deficient in this regard.
The author proposes to correct these shortcomings by applying the “needs-first” approach, which understands refugees as all displaced persons fleeing sufficiently serious threats. The author presents her own definition of a refugee as “any person with a well-founded fear that their fundamental human rights are urgently threatened; who would have no recourse to their home government, even if appropriate international assistance were available; and whose interests can only or best satisfied by means of refugee – that is, by means of protection from a political authority that is not their own, usually in the form of asylum within the territory of that country.”
The author acknowledges that her proposed “needs-first” approach is not without its drawbacks, and the main challenge in its implementation is to avoid becoming a purely humanitarian measure and to preserve the political identity of the individuals who are fleeing the threat to countries not of their nationality.
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Gonzalez Balyk, Lana. "La Solidaridad o la Soledad? Cooperation and Tensions in the Regional State Response to the Venezuelan Migration Crisis." Studies in Social Justice 16, no. 3 (November 7, 2022): 612–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v16i3.2723.
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The Venezuelan migration crisis has displaced over six million people and is the Americas’ largest forced migration. Nearby countries have received the majority of the displaced and initially showed an impressive welcome to Venezuelans, regardless of whether they may be considered migrants, asylum seekers, or refugees. However, host country responses have mainly been uncoordinated, siloed, and impromptu. This paper examines the solidarities and tensions within the individual country responses of Venezuela’s closest Latin American and Andean neighbors: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Brazil. The number of displaced people leaving Venezuela has steadily increased since 2015 yet limited long term-planning and inclusion of migrants in host communities has led to a growth in xenophobia. Additionally, many Latin American host nations have erected new barriers that make legal entry or residency forms more difficult for migrants to obtain. The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded these issues as host countries grapple with supporting and offering resources to their citizens in addition to migrants. However, some promising regional solutions could be applied in a more coordinated regional approach to help ensure that host countries and IOs supporting them can better extend enduring solidarity and inclusion to Venezuelans. These solutions include longer-term visa options, such as the new Colombian 10-year visa, that can help regularize and include Venezuelans over a prolonged period. A particularly recommended approach would be the regional application of an inventive Latin America humanitarian-orientated accord, the Cartagena Declaration, a forward-thinking concept with a potential that has never been realized. The Cartagena Declaration could offer more comprehensive protection and fairer access to rights beyond temporary measures.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cartagena Declaration on Refugees"
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Baptistela, Tiago. "A INTEGRAÇÃO E CONVERGÊNCIA DO ASILO E REFÚGIO NA DECLARAÇÃO DE CARTAGENA: DA COLONIALIDADE DE GENEBRA À DECOLONIALIDADE DE CARTAGENA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6406.
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This work, which adopts the dialectical method, sought in his two chapters address the integration and convergence of asylum and refuge in the Cartagena Declaration, and its regional advances. Asylum and refuge institutes consolidated on the global agenda, through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and the Convention of the High Commissioner of the United Nations for Refugees, 1951. This building process took place in the architecture of the nation-state model representing a view of Eurocentric colonialism. Thus, the modern system of nation-state interferes in the agenda of human protection, the coloniality and Eurocentric vision of treating the subject, which historically legitimize a process of human rights restrictions on the State's interests. The Cartagena Declaration of 1984 may represent a process of Decoloniality of thought and sense of State in the regional context of Latin America, it extends the definition of refugee and recognizes the massive violation of human rights as refuge hypotheses. Thus, the spirit of Cartagena is the main regional political document whose parameters establish more comprehensive protection to people in vulnerable situations in the context of international human mobility, and includes in its definition the causes of asylum. The integration and convergence of asylum and refuge in the Declaration of Cartagena provides understand Decoloniality the classic model of treating protection of human beings, victims of international human mobility, because the definition of both institutes is bonded on the broad concept of refugee. Therefore, the process of Cartagena is the Decoloniality the Eurocentric conception of the asylum and refuge, and makes it possible to expand the protection of the human person, whose achievements are conditional on political will of the Latin American states.O tema central do presente trabalho é a análise da integração e da convergência dos institutos do asilo e do refúgio na Declaração de Cartagena. Os institutos do asilo e refúgio consolidaram-se na agenda global, por meio da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948 e a Convenção do Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados de 1951, mas é na Declaração de Cartagena que eles adquirem uma maior relevância na perspectiva dos países latino-americanos. Esse processo demonstra a superação da visão eurocêntrica sobre o tema e a emergência de uma visão decolonial sobre o mesmo. Este avanço é fruto da maior preocupação da América Latina, após um longo e duro ciclo político autoritário, com a proteção dos direitos humanos para além dos Estados soberanos. É por isso, que a Declaração de Cartagena amplia a definição de refugiado e reconhece a sua possibilidade diante da ameaça de violação dos direitos humanos. Desta forma, é possível afirmar que o espírito de Cartagena impulsionou uma forma avançada de proteção das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade no contexto da mobilidade humana internacional, além de incluir na sua definição as causas do asilo. A integração e convergência do asilo e refúgio na Declaração de Cartagena possibilita, assim, a compreensão de como o pensamento decolonial pode impulsionar a formação de um novo parâmetro para a proteção da mobilidade humana internacional no caso conflito político e de ameaça aos direitos humanos. Portanto, a Declaração de Cartagena supera a concepção eurocêntrica sobre os institutos abordados e possibilita uma proteção mais ampla aos direitos humanos na situação de conflitos políticos. A análise do tema e suas implicações é feita utilizando-se o método dialético.
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de, Figueiredo Coelho Maciel Natália. "Klimatičtí uprchlíci v mezinárodním právu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398843.
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Displacements caused by climate-related events have been on the rise throughout the last decades. The effects of climate change in displacement of people is still a field in construction. The people displaced due to the environment were first denominated as "climate refugees" or "environmental refugees". This thesis aims to examine the protection of the so-called "climate refugee" under international law. The main issue of the thesis relies on the fact that there is no general agreement on the refugee status of the "climate refugees". The refugee regime has the 1951 Convention as its cornerstone, and as such, the analysis of the Convention is crucial to comprehend who can be a refugee. The 1951 Convention is not the only legal instrument in the refugee regime. There are other legal documents capable of guaranteeing protection for refugees. This thesis discusses two other relevant legal instruments dealing with refugee protection: the OAU Convention and the Cartagena Declaration. It analyzes the refugee definitions and the main features of these specific documents. The three documents will be used to establish what sort of protection the "climate refugees" are entitled to under international law. The thesis will use two judicial decisions to evaluate the hypothesis of "climate refugee" being...
Books on the topic "Cartagena Declaration on Refugees"
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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 20th anniversary, Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, 1984-2004 = 20 Aniversario de la Declaración de Cartagena sobre Réfugiados, 1984-2004. Mexico: UNHCR, 2004.
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United States. Dept. of State., ed. TIAS: 12411, Narcotic Drugs, Declaration of Cartagena Between the United States of America and Other Governments, February 15, 1990. [S.l: s.n., 1998.
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Narcotic drugs: Declaration of Cartagena between the United States of America and other governments, signed at Cartagena February 15, 1990. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1998.
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Contributors, See Notes Multiple. Declaration and Address of His Majesty's Loyal Associated Refugees, Assembled at Newport, Rhode-Island. Gale ECCO, Print Editions, 2018.
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Micinski, Nicholas R., and Thomas G. Weiss. Global Migration Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0008.
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Global migration governance has evolved dramatically over the last quarter-century through increased international forums, bilateral and regional initiatives, and global responses. This article describes why international cooperation on migration has been so difficult by examining the factors that encourage and discourage cooperation. In the face of increasing pressure, the United Nations and other international organizations have taken up the challenge to build a more reliable and institutionalized architecture that moves beyond coordination and recent crises. This article considers two recent efforts: the Global Migration Group and the 2016 New York Declaration on Migrants and Refugees. Both cases show the conflicting interests of UN member states and competition among UN agencies and international NGOs. While there is much noise and activity around global governance of migration, it is unclear that the emerging norms and institutions will bring greater coherence or have more of an impact on refugee and migration policies worldwide.
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Heiner, Bielefeldt, Ghanea Nazila, and Wiener Michael. Freedom of Religion or Belief. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703983.001.0001.
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Violations of religious freedom and violence committed in the name of religion grab our attention on a daily basis. Freedom of religion or belief is a key human right: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, numerous conventions, declarations, and soft law standards include specific provisions on freedom of religion or belief. The 1981 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief has been interpreted since 1986 by the mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. Special Rapporteurs (for example those on racism, freedom of expression, minority issues, and cultural rights) and Treaty Bodies (for example the Human Rights Committee, Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, and the Committee on the Rights of the Child) have also elaborated on freedom of religion or belief in the context of their respective mandates. This Commentary looks at the international provisions for the protection of freedom of religion or belief, considering how they are interpreted by various United Nations Special Procedures and Treaty Bodies. Structured around the thematic categories of the United Nations Special Rapporteur’s framework for communications, the Commentary analyses, for example, the limitations on the wearing of religious symbols and the situations of women, detainees, refugees, children, minorities, and migrants, through a combination of scholarly expertise and practical experience.
Book chapters on the topic "Cartagena Declaration on Refugees"
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Moya, Jennifer, Consuelo Sánchez Bautista, and Jeffrey D. Pugh. "Contradictions and Shifts in Discourse and Application of the Refugee System in a Mixed-Migration Context: The Ecuadorian Case." In IMISCOE Research Series, 121–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11061-0_6.
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AbstractThe refugee system in the Americas is codified in instruments like the Refugee Convention and Protocol, the Cartagena Declaration, the Mexico Action Plan and Brazil Declaration, and implementing legislation within member states. However, there is a widely recognized gap between institutional protections and implementation in practice. This chapter traces the case of Colombian forced migration in Ecuador to advance the argument that the conceptualization and application of the refugee system has shifted considerably over the past decade. Domestic political incentives, international reputation, and populist imaginaries of el pueblo have led to a discourse of openness that relies on generosity, globalism, and solidarity narratives that mask the regression of a rights-based refugee regime, exposing contradictions in the system. The chapter draws on discourse analysis of political speeches and media stories in Ecuador, as well as interviews with key stakeholders in the UN system, NGOs, the state, and migrants in Ecuador.
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de Andrade, José H. Fischel. "The 1984 Cartagena Declaration:." In Latin America and Refugee Protection, 31–51. Berghahn Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv31xf4qf.7.
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Andrade, José H. Fischel de. "1. The 1984 Cartagena Declaration." In Latin America and Refugee Protection, 31–51. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781800731158-005.
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Flávia, Piovesan, Jubilut Liliana Lyra, and Casagrande Melissa Martins. "Regional Developments: Americas." In The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol 2e. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.003.0008.
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This chapter covers how the Americas have developed regional instruments to enhance refugee law and protection. It details the region's response in the drafting of the 1951 Convention and the Convention’s implementations and of regional developments and trends in North America and Latin America. After the approval of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, refugee law and protection had been improved through regional developments. The chapter examines the developments concerning the debates and practices of the refugee concept under the new forced migration development and the adoption of new universal norms and governance guidelines on the refugee regime. It acknowledges the adoption of the Cartagena Declaration and its review documents as a sign of progress.
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Kneebone, Susan. "Part I Commentary. The Cartagena Declaration Regime of “Refugee” Protection." In Latin America and Refugee Protection, 116–22. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781800731158-009.
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Cintra, Natalia, David Owen, and Pía Riggirozzi. "Latin American Normative Frameworks of Migration and Asylum." In Displacement, Human Rights and Sexual and Reproductive Health, 64–88. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529222791.003.0004.
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Experts have praised Latin America for advancing sustained and ‘generous’ asylum and refugee policies since the ratification of the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol on the rights of refugees. In effect, the region has formally adopted an expanded definition of refugee going beyond the international refugee regime through the regional framework underpinned by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration. While this suggests that Latin America – and particularly South America – is well-placed to respond to events such as the Venezuela exodus, this chapter analyses gaps in implementation of normative frameworks that could derail principled rights-based approaches to international protection. We identify ambiguities and ad hoc policies predicated on the use of discretionary executive powers. Rather than a rule-based framework that guides and coordinates local, national, regional and international responses, the practical actuality of the experience of Venezuelan necessary fleers more closely resembles a limited and restricted ‘care and maintenance’ system. The chapter therefore shows the vast gap between the promise of the legal framework represented in claims of de facto protection to all forced migrants and the practical reality confronted by Venezuela necessary fleers.
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Tamara, Wood. "Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.34 The International and Regional Refugee Definitions Compared." In The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0035.
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The universal refugee definition in Article 1A(2) of the Refugee Convention provides the cornerstone of the international refugee protection regime. However, it is far from the final word. At the regional level, states in Africa and Latin America have supplemented the universal refugee definition with their own, expanded criteria for refugee status. The regional refugee definitions – Article I(2) of the OAU Refugee Convention and paragraph III(3) of the Cartagena Declaration – extend refugee protection beyond those with a well-founded fear of being persecuted to people fleeing a range of other, more widespread situations and harms, including generalised violence, massive human rights violations and serious disturbances to public order. This chapter provides a closer look at the universal and regional refugee definitions, exploring the scope and application of their respective terms, and comparing and contrasting their criteria for refugee status.
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Melander, Göran, and Gudmundur Alfredsson. "Declaration of Cartegena on Refugees." In The Raoul Wallenberg Institute Compilation of Human Rights Instruments, 371–75. Brill | Nijhoff, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004636484_047.
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"Appendix B United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples." In Conservation Refugees. The MIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7532.003.0025.
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"New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 612. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95882-8_300122.
Full textReports on the topic "Cartagena Declaration on Refugees"
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Sheridan, Anne. Annual report on migration and asylum 2016: Ireland. ESRI, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat65.
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The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2016 provides an overview of trends, policy developments and significant debates in the area of asylum and migration during 2016 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2016 included: The International Protection Act 2015 was commenced throughout 2016. The single application procedure under the Act came into operation from 31 December 2016. The International Protection Office (IPO) replaced the Office of the Refugee Applications Commissioner (ORAC) from 31 December 2016. The first instance appeals body, the International Protection Appeals Tribunal (IPAT), replacing the Refugee Appeals Tribunal (RAT), was established on 31 December 2016. An online appointments system for all registrations at the Registration Office in Dublin was introduced. An electronic Employment Permits Online System (EPOS) was introduced. The Irish Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme was extended for a further five years to October 2021. The Second National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Human Trafficking was published. 2016 was the first full year of implementation of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). A total of 240 persons were relocated to Ireland from Greece under the relocation strand of the programme and 356 persons were resettled to Ireland. Following an Oireachtas motion, the Government agreed to allocate up to 200 places to unaccompanied minors who had been living in the former migrant camp in Calais and who expressed a wish to come to Ireland. This figure is included in the overall total under the IRPP. Ireland and Jordan were appointed as co-facilitators in February 2016 to conduct preparatory negotiations for the UN high level Summit for Refugees and Migrants. The New York Declaration, of September 2016, sets out plans to start negotiations for a global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and a global compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018. Key figures for 2016: There were approximately 115,000 non-EEA nationals with permission to remain in Ireland in 2016 compared to 114,000 at the end of 2015. Net inward migration for non-EU nationals is estimated to be 15,700. The number of newly arriving immigrants increased year-on-year to 84,600 at April 2017 from 82,300 at end April 2016. Non-EU nationals represented 34.8 per cent of this total at end April 2017. A total of 104,572 visas, both long stay and short stay, were issued in 2016. Approximately 4,127 persons were refused entry to Ireland at the external borders. Of these, 396 were subsequently admitted to pursue a protection application. 428 persons were returned from Ireland as part of forced return measures, with 187 availing of voluntary return, of which 143 were assisted by the International Organization for Migration Assisted Voluntary Return Programme. There were 532 permissions of leave to remain granted under section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999 during 2016. A total of 2,244 applications for refugee status were received in 2016, a drop of 32 per cent from 2015 (3,276). 641 subsidiary protection cases were processed and 431 new applications for subsidiary protection were submitted. 358 applications for family reunification in respect of recognised refugees were received. A total of 95 alleged trafficking victims were identified, compared with 78 in 2015.