Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carrying capacity'
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Dzabic, Miran. "Water Circulation And Yacht Carrying Capacity Of Fethiye Bay." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614948/index.pdf.
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Coastal regions provide a lot of resources and benefits for all the humankind. For economic growth, these resources are needed. On the other hand, coastal resources should be maintained and preserved in some limits. Sustainable development is aimed to set a balance between economic growth and preserving the nature. Determination of the yacht carrying capacity is a major step for sustainable development.
In this thesis study wind-induced water circulation in semi-enclosed basins are carried out in order to reach the yacht carrying capacity for Fethiye Bay. Hydrodynamics of bays is very complex, mainly affected by wind and wave climate and sea bottom topography. The sea bed profiles at the bay changes under winter and summer storms of different speeds and directions. This case study will be carried out with the developed methodology. The present structure of Fethiye Bay will be analyzed and necessary measurements will be proceeded. Moreover, two more cases will be studied besides the present conditions. Circulation models will be applied to
the study case according to reached data. For this purpose, Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) numerical model will be used.
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Treleaven, Kyle (Kyle Ballantyne). "Probabilistic on-line transportation problems with carrying-capacity constraints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90730.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 175-184).
This thesis presents new insights and techniques for the analysis and design of autonomous or technology-assisted ("intelligent") transportation systems. The focus is on cooperative, on-line planning and control, of a fleet of transport vehicles with limited carrying capacity, where new transportation demands enter the system in real time. The study extends an existing probabilistic framework which has provided numerous insights about vehicle scheduling and routing problems since its inception. Additionally, the thesis provides algorithms and new probabilistic cost bounds, for optimal bipartite matchings between large sets of random points and optimal stacker crane tours through large sets of random demands. A recurrent theme of the thesis is that capacity-constrained vehicles must drive passenger-less, inescapably, for some positive fraction of time (in almost any practical setting). Moreover, under probabilistic modelling for the uncertainty of demand, one can predict the aforementioned fraction precisely, using strong Laws of Large Numbers arguments; it relates to a quantity known as the Earth Mover's distance (EMD), described by a fundamental problem in transportation theory. Since the existence of an unavoidable extra cost term has significant implications, e.g., for operational budgets of shared-vehicle systems, the results illuminate a phenomenon whose neglect could prove an unfortunate oversight. To the author's knowledge, this connection of the EMD to on-line vehicle routing is novel. The thesis also provides a new study of the practical considerations imposed by the "street rules" ubiquitous among ground-based transport problems. A new efficient algorithm for the Bipartite Matching problem for points on a roadmap is given. Also given is a new explicit formulation of the EMD on road networks; very few explicit formulas for EMDs have been known previously.
by Kyle Treleaven.
Ph. D.
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Guo, Wei. "Building a tourism carrying capacity framework for global geoparks." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/712.
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The concept of geopark was first proposed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1999. After that, geotourism emerged as a novel strategy for sustainable development in rural areas. Tourism carrying capacity is a concept related to the optimum use of natural areas without creating environmental degradation. This concept has been widely employed in nature tourism in national parks. To apply the carrying capacity concept in global geoparks, the purpose of this study is to remodel existing tourism carrying capacity frameworks to foster sustainable use of global geoparks. A review of the development of carrying capacity concept and six tourism carrying capacity frameworks, namely, Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC), Visitor Impact Management (VIM), Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP), Visitor Activity Management Process (VAMP), and Tourism Optimization Management Model (TOMM) in Chapter 2 demonstrates that tourism carrying capacity concept is able to raise the awareness on sustainable tourism in national parks but these traditional tourism carrying capacity frameworks commonly failed to address the interests of all stakeholders. Thus, this thesis adopts the definition of tourism carrying capacity for geoparks as the situation or condition of a geopark where there is reconciliation (i.e., having balance and harmony) of environmental conservation, social maintenance, and economic development. Based on the three aspects (i.e., environmental conservation, social maintenance, and economic development) of this concept, a tailor-made framework for global geoparks was built in Chapter 3, using confirmatory factor analysis and the revised importance-performance analysis to evaluate tourism carrying capacity in Global Geoparks. Then the modified tourism carrying capacity framework was applied in two UNESCO Global Geoparks, namely, Hong Kong Global Geopark and Danxiashan Global Geopark, to address the inherent tensions between resources conservation and sustainable development in both Geoparks in Chapters 4 and 5. It was found that 1) there was compatibility only among the three dimensions, namely, environmental conservation, social maintenance, and economic development in two Geoparks; 2) the structure of the framework and the compatibility of the three dimensions can only be confirmed in the local community model (Figure 3.3) by the importance data of factors, i.e., resource, human environment, and facility. No validity can be established in the construct of the GGN model on the local community's satisfaction of the overall environments in two Parks and neither is there an agreement between the visitors in both Parks with the GGN criteria; and 3) from the satisfaction data on the three factors of the visitor model (Figure 3.4), i.e., environmental carrying capacity, political-economic carrying capacity, and socio-demographic carrying capacity, it shows that HKGP appears to be more sustainably managed than DXSGP. Collectively, this study has provided a new framework for evaluating tourism carrying capacity in a geopark. I hope to advance the methodological innovation of sustainable geotourism management and supplement the lacuna of criteria and standards for Global Geoparks in future studies.
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Yang, Sheng-I. "Estimation and Determination of Carrying Capacity in Loblolly Pine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80442.
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Stand carrying capacity is the maximum size of population for a species under given environmental conditions. Site resources limit the maximum volume or biomass that can be sustained in forest stands. This study was aimed at estimating and determining the carrying capacity in loblolly pine. Maximum stand basal area (BA) that can be sustained over a long period of time can be regarded as a measure of carrying capacity. To quantify and project stand BA carrying capacity, one approach is to use the estimate from a fitted cumulative BA-age equation; another approach is to obtain BA estimates implied by maximum size-density relationships (MSDRs), denoted implied maximum stand BA. The efficacy of three diameter-based MSDR measures: Reineke's self-thinning rule, competition-density rule and Nilson's sparsity index, were evaluated. Estimates from three MSDR measures were compared with estimates from the Chapman-Richards (C-R) equation fitted to the maximum stand BA observed on plots from spacing trials. The spacing trials, established in the two physiographic regions (Piedmont and Coastal Plain), and at two different scales (operational and miniature) were examined and compared, which provides a sound empirical basis for evaluating potential carrying capacity.
Results showed that the stands with high initial planting density approached the stand BA carrying capacity sooner than the stands with lower initial planting density. The maximum stand BA associated with planting density developed similarly at the two scales. The potential carrying capacity in the two physiographic regions was significantly different. The value of implied maximum stand BA converted from three diameter-based MSDR measures was similar to the maximum stand BA curve obtained from the C-R equation. Nilson's sparsity index was the most stable and reliable estimate of stand BA carrying capacity. The flexibility of Nilson's sparsity index can illustrate the effect of physiographic regions on stand BA carrying capacity.
Because some uncontrollable factors on long-term operational experiments can make estimates of stand BA carrying capacity unreliable for loblolly pine, it is suggested that the stand BA carrying capacity could be estimated from high initial planting density stands in a relatively short period of time so that the risk of damages and the costs of experiments could be reduced. For estimating carrying capacity, another attractive option is to choose a miniature scale trial (microcosm) because it shortens the experiment time and reduces costs greatly.Master of Science
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Williams, Peta. "Beach Use & Carrying Capacity on the Gold Coast." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367761.
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Over the years many studies have been completed on the carrying capacity of specific recreational activities. These studies generally focus on the factors and interactions that are limiting the growth of an area and what barriers need to be removed to allow for this growth. This study looks specifically at the perception of carrying capacity of Gold Coast beaches and the way in which they are used by tourists and locals.
For the purpose of this study the definition of Beach Carrying Capacity is the perceived number of people that can fit comfortably on a beach, including the surf zone, before adversely affecting an individual person’s beach recreation experience and/or the surrounding environment. Beach usage encompasses all activities participated along any adjacent infrastructure including parks and oceanway, sandy beach and surf zone areas including swimming, surfing, walking, sunbaking and picnicking.
During the research period a short questionnaire was produced and applied to a range of people along various Gold Coast beaches and within Griffith University. The questionnaire looked at what people used the beach for and how they perceived the crowding on the beaches. Results showed that the carrying capacity on Gold Coast beaches, by the survey respondents’ perceptions, has already been reached on some of the Gold Coast’s most popular beaches.
The study then looked at and compared the results from the Portugal study (da Silva, 2002) to those obtained on the Gold Coast. Results showed that the survey data collected from the two locations does not differ greatly. Perceptions of beach carrying capacity and the general activities people used the beach for were uniform in both study locations.
This study highlights the importance of beach monitoring as it allows us to determine what people are using the beach for and how they would like them to be used. The information obtained about how people are using the beaches will provide valuable data to coastal councils and coastal management authorities to help future beach planning and management.
Recommendations are made to enhance and continue future beach monitoring research with the use of current beach camera technology such as CoastalCOMS.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Laman, Mustafa. "The moment carrying capacity of short pier foundations in clay." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284154.
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McNeilage, Alastair John. "Mountain gorillas in the Virunga volcanoes : ecology and carrying capacity." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/13bb843d-3c07-4c18-838f-15aa71d766b4.
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Jamali, Shojaeddin. "Assessing load carrying capacity of existing bridges using SHM techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134484/1/Shojaeddin_Jamali_Thesis.pdf.
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This research provides a multi-tier framework for load carrying capacity assessment of bridges using structural health monitoring techniques. In this framework, four tiers are developed ranging from simplified to detailed tiers for holistic bridge assessment. Performance of each tier has been validated using various numerical and experimental examples of bridges and beam-like structures.
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Smith, Tiziana. "Quantifying China's carrying capacity : using optimization to explore sustainable food production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120602.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-119).
Feeding the world's growing population in an environmentally sustainable way is a complex social and engineering challenge. In this thesis, we develop a novel method for assessing the number of people that can be fed sustainably in a particular region for given natural resources and diet (the carrying capacity). A quantitative assessment of carrying capacity provides insight into the food security of the study region as well as the stress on the environmental system; in addition, this methodology can be used to assess the carrying capacity under a variety of policy interventions such as increasing yields, changing diets, or expanding irrigation infrastructure. The carrying capacity assessment uses optimization methods that find the cropping pattern that maximizes population subject to land, water, and diet constraints, considering a range of rainfed and irrigated crops. A data fusion procedure estimates the regional water and land resources needed to assess carrying capacity by combining measurements from diverse hydrologic and agronomic sources, including remote sensing data. Our carrying capacity methodology is illustrated with a case study of food security in China. China has historically been largely food self-sufficient, although its food imports have been increasing since the year 2000. We find that the population in China was well below the country's carrying capacity in the year 2000 given the diet and yields in that year. However, the population's changing diet - especially the growing preference for meat - is exacting a growing toll on land and water resources. We find that under a more recent diet (2013), China is not likely to be food self-sufficient, even with major investments in irrigated agriculture, without substantial increases in crop yield.
by Tiziana Smith.
Ph. D.
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Zhang, Liye. "Carrying capacity assessment of diving sites in Hong Kong and Malaysia." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/339.
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This study aims to understand tourism carrying capacities of diving sites in Hong Kong and Malaysia. Specifically, ecological, psychological and social carrying capacities were assessed. Methodology involved photo quadrat transect survey, questionnaire survey and visual experiment survey. Over a period of two calendar years (2013 and 2014), 13, 12 and 9 photo quadrat transect surveys were conducted in Sharp Island, Tsim Chau and Mabul Island (Ray Point and Eel Garden) respectively to provide data for ecological carrying capacity assessment. In addition, 455 and 342 questionnaires were collected in Hong Kong and Mabul Island respectively to assess divers' satisfaction with diving attributes of the respective dive sites. Regarding social carrying capacity assessment, 247 and 158 visual experiment questionnaires were collected to assess crowding as perceived by divers in the two sites.;The ecological carrying capacity of Sharp Island lies between 172 and (less than) 825 divers every quarter in the absence of better solutions. At Tsim Chau, diving activity is not the most important factor in influencing the coverage of sea anemone. In addition, the use of additional (subjective) data was necessary to define the ecological carrying capacity of Tsim Chau and possibly Sharp Island. In Mabul Island, the results show that the ecological carrying capacity is about 16800-17200 divers per year at Ray Point and about 15600-16800 divers per year at Eel Garden. Based on the findings, it is likely that the usage of the diving sites on Sharp Island, Ray Point and Eel Garden have already exceeded the social carrying capacity. Regarding the psychological carrying capacity, this study found that the most important factor that influences divers' willingness to return to Hong Kong diving sites is "the quality of corals". In Mabul Island, the most important factor is "the value for money of Mabul diving". However, no studied diving sites have exceeded their psychological carrying capacities. Regarding the social carrying capacity, on both Hong Kong and Mabul Island diving sites, the "number of divers" was found to be the most influential factor for divers' perceived crowding. In Hong Kong, divers' begin to feel unacceptably crowded if 78̃ divers are visible to them at one time whereas in Mabul Island, divers would start to feel unacceptably crowded if 8 to 9 divers were visible to them at one time. Based on this, it is likely that the usage of both Hong Kong and Mabul Island diving sites have already exceeded the social carrying capacity.;With the increasing popularity of diving in recent years, divers and diving trips operators around the world need to be aware of divers' impact on coral reef, divers' satisfaction and underwater crowding problem. Finally, a series of management and policy measures to minimise the impact of diving activity on coral, improve divers' satisfaction and mitigate divers' crowding perception in underwater environment are proposed for sustainable use of diving sites in Hong Kong and Mabul Island.
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Shariff, Amir Husni Mohd. "Site fertility and carrying capacity in two Malaysian tropical forest reserves." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU024669.
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Ten two hectare forest plots were established on two distinct reserves, one mainly on volcanic deposits and the other on sedimentary and alluvial soils. These were investigated for their site carrying capacity and species diversity in relation to edaphic factors, using accumulated basal area as the growth indicator. A soil survey was conducted in each reserve to classify the soil types at the series level. Five two hectare sites each reflecting different soil types were chosen from each reserve. All trees of 10 cm dbh and over were enumerated on each soil type and identified to species level. Fourteen tree species were selected for foliage sampling. A representative soil pit was dug for each soil type and the different horizons were sampled. In addition, ten composite samples were randomly selected to represent soil depths 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. A complete physical and chemical analysis was carried out on the samples. The results clearly exhibited the influence of parent material on particle size distribution, soil colour, bulk density, porosity, moisture retention and soil chemical compositions. In addition the phosphate fixation problem was discussed. Soil fertility is governed by the parent material from which the soil is derived and is parallelled by the site carrying capacity of the tropical rain forest. Reserve of K was demonstrated to be the main growth limiting nutrient. This was well supported by both soil and foliage analyses data. The nutrients N and P also influence growth but in these cases consistent relationships with basal area were only established after removing some out-lying points. The available and exchangeable soil nutrients were found to be poor indicators of growth. There appears a possibility of using Shorea leprosula as indicator species for foliar analysis in order to assess site fertility. Certain physical properties such as bulk density, clay content, site gradient and available water also exerted some influence on the growth of the trees. Fertile sites contained less species than nutritionally poorer sites. The competition-domination-suppression phenomenon is put forward in explanation. The geological body from which soil is derived is more dominant in determining species diversity than is the soil series per se. On poor sites dipterocarp species are more diverse and they also grow better on lower gradients. Chance factor plays more of an indirect role in species diversity and is believed to be very critical (especially on fertile sites) in the regeneration of dipterocarp species.
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Graves, Paul Edwin. "Recreational carrying capacity in park planning : the case of Garibaldi Provincial Park." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31241.
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This thesis explores Recreational Carrying Capacity (RCC). The investigation looks at the theory of RCC, and trends in recreational use and management to make a first estimate of the RCC of Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada. An extensive literature review is used to synthesize the social, ecological and managerial factors called for in RCC theory; and to summarize relevant aspects of park policy and recreation trends. This review serves as a foundation for adapting a RCC model from the literature. The model is then used to estimate the RCC of the developed backcountry areas of Garibaldi Provincial Park.
The emphasis of the thesis is on the ecological component of RCC: a bio-climatic zone inventory, a soil capability survey, and a visual impact assessment are all undertaken to build an estimate of the ecological sensitivity of the study area. The model also uses social influences and BC Parks policy to assist in the formulation of the RCC for the study area.
The RCC estimates derived are not precise because of weaknesses in the data base. Nevertheless, the estimates do indicate that the most desirable areas for recreation within Garibaldi Park have reached or exceeded the capability of the biophysical resources of those areas to sustain the recreational activities undertaken. As important as the RCC estimation is the identification of biophysical limitations of the study area. These limitations call for careful site selection in the development and management of Garibaldi Park to protect the biophysical resources which attract recreational use. If the model is to be of greater assistance in park planning and management then more precision is required in the investigation. Increased precision requires dividing the broad bio-climatic zones into sub-zones or micro-zones to allow site and route selection for managing the study area.
RCC theory and the RCC model used are useful as planning tools because of the comprehensiveness required by the theory and the explicitness of the values used within the model. However, this comprehensiveness demands a large data base which is not available in the case study of Garibaldi Park. This points to the need for further research if RCC theory and the model used are to be of utility to park planning in B.C.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Graymore, Michelle, and n/a. "Journey to Sustainability: Small Regions, Sustainable Carrying Capacity and Sustainability Assessment Methods." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060303.132137.
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Small region sustainability is an extremely important part of the journey to sustainability of the global population, as the most difference can be made at this spatial level through decision making and community choice. However, small regions have not been the focus of sustainability literature. Therefore, this thesis develops theory to explain what small region sustainability involves and tested the applicability of current sustainability assessment methods to find an effective tool for the journey to sustainability that can be used for social learning, decision making, policy development, research and monitoring of sustainability in small regions. It was found through the development of a model of sustainable carrying capacity and the major pressures of human activities on the environment, that sustainability for small regions means living equitably with the impacts of human activities in the region within the limits of its ecosystems. This thesis also found that none of the current sustainability methods tested were effective or useful as a tool for small regions. Therefore, a new sustainability assessment method was developed, the Sustainable Carrying Capacity Assessment (SCCA), which assesses the equitability and size of the major pressures that the human activities are causing and determines if this pressure exceeds the sustainable carrying capacity of the region, and thus, the sustainability of the population. Thus, for small regions to become sustainable, they must live equitably within the sustainable carrying capacity of the region's ecosystems, and a tool that can help them achieve this is the SCCA. By raising social awareness, guiding policy development and decision making this method can help guide small regions, and other spatial levels on their journey to sustainability. Therefore, it is recommended that Local Government Areas, Regional Organisation of Councils, schools, local community groups and anyone who wants to learn more about sustainability use this method. This thesis, therefore, makes a significant contribution to the field of sustainability.
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Wise, Warren E. "The concept of carrying capacity as a tool for managing scenic roadways." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45950.
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Increasing interest in driving for pleasure has put a burden of crowding and over-use on many of our nation's scenic highways. The carrying capacity concept says that there is an acceptable level of use or change for a resource beyond which that resource will be significantly degraded. This thesis examines the applicability of this concept to the problems of crowding and over-use of scenic roadways.
This study developed as an attempt to bridge the gap between recently developed carrying capacity models in recreation resource management and planning and the specific problems of scenic roadways. While carrying capacity theory and practice have produced good models, the unusual characteristics of scenic roadways challenge the direct application of these models.
A questionnaire was distributed to scenic roadway designers, planners, and managers; roadway researchers; carrying capacity researchers; and recreation resource managers nationwide. Respondents answered questions about the value of carrying capacity for managing scenic roadways, about perceived problems in implementing a carrying capacity program for scenic roadways, about the appropriate scope of a carrying capacity management tool for scenic roadways, and about needs for future research to support development of a carrying capacity model for scenic roadways.
Responses to the questionnaire indicate strong support for developing a management tool for scenic roadways based on the carrying capacity concept. Responses support a broad-based approach to addressing the carrying capacity of scenic roadways, looking at both the roadway and lands adjacent to the roadway in attempts to determine carrying capacity.
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Graymore, Michelle. "Journey to Sustainability: Small Regions, Sustainable Carrying Capacity and Sustainability Assessment Methods." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367280.
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Small region sustainability is an extremely important part of the journey to sustainability of the global population, as the most difference can be made at this spatial level through decision making and community choice. However, small regions have not been the focus of sustainability literature. Therefore, this thesis develops theory to explain what small region sustainability involves and tested the applicability of current sustainability assessment methods to find an effective tool for the journey to sustainability that can be used for social learning, decision making, policy development, research and monitoring of sustainability in small regions. It was found through the development of a model of sustainable carrying capacity and the major pressures of human activities on the environment, that sustainability for small regions means living equitably with the impacts of human activities in the region within the limits of its ecosystems. This thesis also found that none of the current sustainability methods tested were effective or useful as a tool for small regions. Therefore, a new sustainability assessment method was developed, the Sustainable Carrying Capacity Assessment (SCCA), which assesses the equitability and size of the major pressures that the human activities are causing and determines if this pressure exceeds the sustainable carrying capacity of the region, and thus, the sustainability of the population. Thus, for small regions to become sustainable, they must live equitably within the sustainable carrying capacity of the region's ecosystems, and a tool that can help them achieve this is the SCCA. By raising social awareness, guiding policy development and decision making this method can help guide small regions, and other spatial levels on their journey to sustainability. Therefore, it is recommended that Local Government Areas, Regional Organisation of Councils, schools, local community groups and anyone who wants to learn more about sustainability use this method. This thesis, therefore, makes a significant contribution to the field of sustainability.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Mazaika, Rosemary 1964. "Desert bighorn sheep and nutritional carrying capacity in Pusch Ridge Wilderness, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276964.
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The number of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) in Pusch Ridge Wilderness (PRW), Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona has declined to between 50 and 100 animals. Sheep have restricted movements to the southwest corner of PRW. I developed a model based on nitrogen (N) content of forage and forage quantity to measure seasonal changes in nutritional carrying capacity of sheep use areas in PRW. Forage based estimates of animals numbers were greater for April to September than for October to March. My study suggests that forage is not limiting desert bighorn sheep in PRW and illustrates the potential to support more desert bighorn sheep in PRW than the current population. Seasonal fluctuations in range productivity should be examined in relation to human disturbances proximal to desert bighorn sheep habitat and fire management programs for PRW.
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NAKAMURA, Hikaru, Naoshi UEDA, Minoru KUNIEDA, and Ahmed KAMAL. "ASSESSMENT OF STRENGTHENING EFFECT ON RC BEAMS WITH UHP-SHCC." 日本コンクリート工学会, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20917.
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Gong, Nai-Guang. "Finite element analysis of masonry arch bridges." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335791.
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Крісанова, Ольга Петрівна, Ольга Петровна Крисанова, and Olha Petrivna Krisanova. "К вопросу о ресурсной определенности ассимиляционного потенциала территорий." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7879.
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Ассимиляционный потенциал территориально приурочен. Ассимилирующие способности лесов, лугов, водоемов, отдельных их частей, различны из–за различного биотического и абиотического их содержания. Это требует полной изученности предельных восстановительных способностей для поддержания устойчивости природной среды.
На сегодняшний день с научно – практической точки зрения остается не достаточно исследованной проблема формирования и использования ассимиляционного потенциала как важнейшего природного ресурса, что требует новых подходов к разработке системы организационно - экономического механизма его использования.
При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7879
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Saurel, Camille. "Mussel production carrying capacity : the need for an in situ and multidisciplinary approach." Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445105.
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Gami, Dhruv N. "Effective Load Carrying Capacity of Solar PV Plants: A case study across USA." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461281022.
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Lorenz, Stefan [Verfasser]. "The ecological carrying capacity of a lowland river section for boating tourism / Stefan Lorenz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033062596/34.
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Iflefel, Ibrahim Beleed. "The influence of dents and gouges on the load carrying capacity of transmission pipelines." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426118.
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Puleston, Cedric Owen. "Beyond carrying capacity modeling the food-limited dynamics of early humans and other populations /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD. "DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE VALUE RATINGS AND ESTIMATION OF CARRYING CAPACITY OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA RANGELANDS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188146.
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The objective of this research was development and testing of a method for estimating cattle carrying capacities. A series of studies were conducted in developing this method. Range site and vegetation production data were grouped by topographic position and multiple linear regression equations were calculated for predicting vegetation production as a site deviated from the average case of a given range site. Overstory-understory relationships from the literature were adapted into overstory canopy cover classes for predicting understory production and tested on a variety of range sites. Use of these classes produced understory biomass estimates within 13% of measured biomass. Range condition class and understory aspect dominance by forage vs. non-forage species were investigated as estimators of forage value of the understory vegetation. Both were significantly related to amount of forage in the understory. However, understory aspect proved to be a better estimator when individual comparisons were examined. The previous findings, along with Soil Conservation Service range site guides, were used to calculate resource value ratings. Adjustment factors to be applied to the resource value ratings were calculated, using data from the literature, to account for the effects of slope and distance from water on forage utilization by cattle. These resource value ratings and adjustment factors form the basis of the carrying capacity estimation method. Pastures identified as properly utilized were used in testing the method developed. Pastures were mapped for range site, vegetation, slope and water location. Maps were converted to digital form and analyzed using the Map Analysis Package (MAP) computer program (Tomlin, 1975). Construction of a final range site-vegetation-slope-distance from water map, assigning of resource value ratings and adjustment factors, and computation of final carrying capacity estimates were accomplished using MAP. Carrying capacity estimates from the developed method were well correlated to estimates from ocular reconnaissance and area allowable use methods, r = .87 and .97, respectively, and with the actual use (perceived proper use), r = .95. These estimates were accomplished without intensive field sampling. The only information required was range site designation, amount of overstory canopy cover, understory aspect class, percent slope and water location.
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Lane, Murray C. "The development of a carrying capacity assessment model for the Australian socio-environmental context." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/67485/1/Murray_Lane_Thesis.pdf.
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A key aim of this research was to highlight how society's understanding of constraints to the productive capacity of its resource base is vital to its long-term survival. This was achieved through the development of an online model, the Carrying Capacity Dashboard. The Dashboard was developed to estimate how much land Australian populations require for the production of their food, textiles, timber and liquid fuel. Findings reveal that Australia's estimated carrying capacity is currently over 40 million people but longer-term and more regional analyses suggest a much smaller number. Carrying capacity assessment also indicates that optimal resource security is to be found in balancing both small and large-scale self-sufficiency.
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Almograbi, Mohammed F. "Membrane action in simply supported slabs." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/591.
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Inoue, Yūichi. "An Alternative approach to regional planning : a carrying-capacity framework for achieving a viable region." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26840.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop an alternative approach to regional planning based on the concept of carrying capacity.
I assume that the relationship between human society and its ecological resource base has substantially changed because of the unprecedented economic expansion subsidized by fossil fuel and consequently we can no longer behave as if the natural environment had unlimited capability to accommodate human economic activity. In this situation, in order to ensure the long-term welfare of regional residents, it is necessary to improve the viability of a region by restructuring its economy in such a way as to promote regional economic self-reliance and ensure sensible natural resource management. Efforts should be made to achieve a self-reliant economy using regional resources on a sustainable basis. The concept of carrying capacity, which is an explicit representation of limits to growth, can provide a valuable framework for these efforts. I propose a conceptual framework of carrying capacity, where four variables are incorporated. They are [1] natural capability, [2] human intervention, [3] material standard of living, and [4] interregional transfer of commodities.
The exploration of this alternative approach to regional planning involves four steps. First, I examine the present nature-human relationship paying special attention to the prevailing assumption about the natural environment and the role of fossil fuel in industrial society. Second, I consider what the viability of a regional economy is and how it can be improved under the circumstances clarified in the preceding step. Third, I examine the meaning of carrying capacity criticizing the existing applications, and develop a carrying-capacity framework that can help achieve a viable region. Fourth, I describe how the proposed framework be applied to the efforts to design a mode of production and consumption that is compatible with a viable region.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Nguyen, Thi Hong Diep, Glino Gallardo Wenresti, Kumar Tripathi Nitin, and Hoang Minh Truong. "Cobia cage culture distribution mapping and carrying capacity assessment in Phu Quoc, Kien Giang province." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-126816.
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Cobia fish cage is the most popular marine culture species raised in Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam. For its sustainable development, there is a need to determine the carrying capacity to avoid nega-tive marine environmental impact in the future. This study was carried out to collect water samples each two months at the lowest and highest tides at four points around the farming area in Rach Vem, Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province from February to October 2011. Water quality in cobia cage culture was surveyed to assess the environmental status of coastal aquaculture areas including seven parameters such as DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP and Chlorophyll-a. These parameters are suitable to rear cobia fish cage in this area. Nitrogen and phosphorus are considered as the principal nutrients produced by the cobia fish farm and affecting water environment. This study found that the carrying capacity for fish cage farming in the area is 290.96 to 727.81 tons (based on total nitrogen) and 428.64 to 1,383.88 tons (based on total phosphorus) from February to Au-gust 2011. The maximum number of cobia cages should be, based on total nitrogen, from 64 to 266 and, based on total phosphorus, from 94 to 253. Moreover, this study examined the possibility of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technique based on Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) method by THEOS imagery for mapping of cage culture facilities and detect the location for cobia cage culture in study areaCá bớp nuôi lồng bè là một trong những loài cá nuôi phổ biến khu vực ven biển Phú Quốc, Việt nam. Nhằm phát triển bền vững vùng ven biển, đề tài thực hiện đã xác định và đánh giá hiện trạng môi trường nước và sức tải môi trường của nghề nuôi cá bớp lồng bè ở đảo Phú Quốc. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện thông qua việc thu mẫu môi trường nước mỗi 2 tháng theo mức nước triều cao nhất và thấp nhất tại 4 điểm quanh khu vực nuôi tại ấp Rạch Vẹm, huyện Phú Quốc, tỉnh Kiên Giang từ tháng 02-10/2011. Chất lượng nước khu vực nuôi thủy sản cũng được khảo sát với 7 chỉ tiêu gồm DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TN, TP, Chlorophyll-a. Các thông số chất lượng môi trường này phù hợp nuôi cá bớp tại khu vực nghiên cứu dựa trên tiêu chuẩn chất lượng môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, đạm và lân là 2 thông số được sử dụng để tính toán sức tải môi trường. Sức tải môi trường được tính toán cho khu vực nuôi cá bớp dao động khoảng từ 290.96 tấn đến 727.81 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng đạm tổng số) và từ 428,64 tấn đến 1.383,88 tấn (tính trên hàm lượng lân tổng số) trong thời gian từ tháng 2 đến tháng 10 năm 2011. Số lượng tối đa lồng bè nuôi cá bớp khoảng từ 64 đến 266 (đạm tổng số) và từ 94 đến 253 (lân tổng số) dựa vào phân tích hồi quy tương quan. Bên cạnh đó, công nghệ viễn thám và hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS) đã được ứng dụng bằng cách sử dụng ảnh THEOS để xác định vị trí và phân bố không gian khu vực nuôi cá lồng bè dựa trên phương pháp phân tích đối tượng theo hướng (OBIA)
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Chen, Yi-Chun, and 陳怡君. "Social Recreational Carrying Capacity in Yehliu Geopark." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90431785520235848140.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
地理環境資源學研究所
97
This research focuses on Taiwanese and Korean visitors in Yehliu Geopark. The purpose is, by means of visual approach, to measure social carrying capacity and the factors correlating with carrying capacity evaluation. Image capture technology was also used on a series of photographs to simulate the number of visitors in Yehliu. A random sample of 319 visitors was surveyed during the spring and summer of 2008. Major findings of this study are summarized as followed: (1) The visitors’ crowding perception and acceptability vary with their nationality and scenic areas. (2) The number and distribution of visitors influence their evaluations of crowding perception and acceptability. (3) For Taiwanese visitors, the social recreational carrying capacity of Candleholder Rock Area is 93 visitors, and 90 visitors in Queen’s Head Area. For Korean visitors, the social recreational carrying capacity of Candleholder Rock Area is 120 visitors, and 108 visitors in Queen’s Head Area. Besides, the finding based on monitoring are as followed: (1) The number and distribution of visitors change tremendously with seasons and scenic areas. (2) It was found that 70% of visitors went directly into Candleholder Rock Area, while 30% did so in Queen’s Head Area. (3) Visitors stay in Candleholder Rock Area for about 14 minutes and roughly 30 minutes in Queen’s Head Area. By means of visual approach combined with monitoring, for Taiwanese visitors, it is estimated that social recreational carrying capacity of Candleholder Rock Area is about 4266 visitors and 5294 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in spring; 3419 visitors in Candleholder Rock Area and 3800 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in Summer; 4082 visitors in Candleholder Rock Area and 4634 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in Autumn; 4282 visitors in Candleholder Rock Area and 3778 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in Winter. For Korean visitors, it is estimated that social recreational carrying capacity of Candleholder Rock Area is about 5505 visitors and 6353 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in spring; 4412 visitors in Candleholder Rock Area and 4560 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in Summer; 5267 visitors in Candleholder Rock Area and 5561 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in Autumn; 5526 visitors in Candleholder Rock Area and 4534 in Queen’s Head Area during a single day in Winter. These findings provide a reference for a standard of carrying capacity in Yehliu Geopark.
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You, An Jun, and 游安君. "Carrying capacity of tourism develpoment on vernacular settlement." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02310996788319145436.
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Yen-Ling, Chen, and 陳彥伶. "Tourism Carrying Capacity Indicators for Eco-tourism Destination." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77040759943263709173.
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碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業研究所
92
The main purpose of this study is to develop a carrying capacity’s process for eco-tourism. Base on the concept of sustainable development, we concern carrying ca-pacity component (physical-ecological, socio-demographic and political-economic) at the same time and try to develop these three types of indicators. Through the literature review, we develop a ten-step process and collect 36 indicators from related literature. In spite of using importance analysis survey to experts, we have condition survey of carrying capacity indicators and the survey of level of acceptable change to experts, residents and tourists. Then the study performs a case study to illustrate the application and the utility of the process and indicators for evaluating the status of tourism in Taomi. As a result, experts have more positive aspect to the current development. There is no indicator over its carrying ability or deterioration. However, the residents and tourists are more sensitive to the deterioration of overall environment. Besides, experts, resi-dents and tourists consider “increase rates of using private transport ”and ”increase number of tourists” have obvious deterioration and these two indicators are the most critical indicators. They can accept the deterioration at present. However, if those condi-tions go worse, they may over their upper limit and become the bottleneck of develop-ment of Taomi. As a conclusion, experts, residents and tourists can accept the change of the condition and they don’t think that the deterioration of carrying capacity condition is severe. This study can evaluate the attitude of experts, residents and tourists to Taomi’s carrying capacity condition. To compare with past studies, this process can completely cover the entire carrying capacity component.
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Huang, Sheng-Shon, and 黃聖授. "Assessing the Carrying Capacity of the Kaoping River." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48099379795265646776.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
89
The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevance legislations and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, non-point source (NPS) pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, the comprehensive management and construction strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy includes the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity: (1) hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be reduced to below the calculated carrying capacities.
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Moutinho, Mário Ricardo Costa. "Load carrying capacity of polymer-metal hybrid gears." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128286.
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Moutinho, Mário Ricardo Costa. "Load carrying capacity of polymer-metal hybrid gears." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128286.
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Hun, Chen, and 陳弘. "Effects of hand condition and carrying range on combined carrying capacity for Chinese males." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44713471891180979792.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系碩士班
102
Objective: This study investigated the effects of hand condition and carrying range on maximum acceptable weight of carrying through the psychophysical approach. Background: Manual materials handling (MMH) that causes lower back pain and musculoskeletal damage has been confirmed to be one of the sources that lead to industrial losses. Most past researches on MMH carrying tasks discuss two-handed carrying ,while studies on one-handed carrying remain scarce. Method: A total of 15 male participants were recruited to take part in the experiment. Under the assumption that work continued for one hour and with eight condition combination, including hand condition (one hand, two hands), and carrying range (F-F, FK, K-F, K-K), the participants used psychophysical approach to determine the maximum acceptable weight of carrying (MAWC), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Results: (1) The hand condition showed significant effects on MAWC, ΔHR, overall RPE, wrist RPE, arm RPE, shoulder RPE, back RPE , and whole-body RPE. The MAWC of one hand accounted for about 70% that of two hands. The ΔHR and the overall RPE of one hand were both higher than those of two hands；(2) The carrying range showed significant effects on MAWC,ΔHR, overall RPE, wrist RPE, arm RPE, shoulder RPE, back RPE, and whole-body RPE . The MAWCs ranked in order are: K-K, K-F, F-K, and F-F. Both ΔHR and RPE ranked in order are F-F、F-K、K-F、K-K；(3) The hand condition and carrying range showed significant interaction on MAWC and overall RPE. The best carrying combination is K-K carrying range with two hands and which produced the highest MAWC and the lowest overall RPE; (4) Finally, ten predictive models were set up in this study, with Model 8 inertial dynamic strength prediction model (R2=0.7766，PRESS=608) being the most practical. Conclusion: On the whole, the combination of K-K carrying range with two hands produced the best carrying capacity. Under the condition of one hand, the carrying range of K-K was the best. In addition, the predictive models set up in this study are intended for use during personnel screening. Keywords: manual materials handling, combined carrying tasks, hand condition, carrying range.
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Lin, Guan-Yu, and 林冠宇. "Effects of hand condition and carrying frequency on combined carrying capacity for Chinese males." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37179346128152717408.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系碩士班
102
Objective: This study applied the psychophysical method to evaluate the effect of hand condition on maximal acceptable weight of carrying (MAWC). Background: It is well known that carrying tasks have quite extensive applications in MMH. Lower back pain and musculoskeletal injury caused by manual material handling (MMH) have been confirmed as the main causes of financial losses for companies. The most of previous studies regarding with hand condition focused on carrying tasks, without lifting and lowering activities, but researches on combined carrying tasks, with lifting and lowering activities, remain scarce. Method: Fifteen male students from Huafan University were recruited as participants in the experiments. The psychophysical method was applied to determine the maximal acceptable weights of carrying (MAWCs) for the six combinations of hand conditions (one-hand and two-hands) and carrying frequency (1 carrying/5 min, 1 carrying/min, 6 carryings/min) as one-hour working time. Meanwhile, the participants’ heart rate was measured. And the participants were requested to fill out the rating of perceived exertion, RPE, of seven different body parts, finger, wrist, arm, shoulder, back, leg and whole body, at the end of each experiment. Results: (1) The hand condition has significant effect on MAWC, heart rate, back RPE, and whole-body RPE. The MAWC of one-hand (14.6kg) is about 77% of two-hands (18.73). The heart rate and RPE of fingers, wrist, arm, shoulder, back, leg, and whole body, are higher for two hands compared to one hand; (2) The carrying frequency significantly influence on MAWC and RPE of each body part. The greatest MAWC appears at 1 carrying/5 min, followed by 1carrying/min, the smallest MAWC appears at 6 carryings/min, the significant difference in MAWC are among the three carrying frequency. Each body part has the greatest RPE at 6 carryings/min followed by 1carrying/min, the smallest is at 1 carrying/5 min; (3) Hand condition and carrying frequency has significant interaction on heart rate. The higher the carrying frequency, the higher heart rate is. The heart rate of two-hands is higher than that of one hand. At 6 carryings/min, the heart rate of two-hands is obviously higher than that of one hand; (4) The MAWC predictive model with single predictor, inertia dynamic muscle strength, ( R2=0.7516 ) is the most convenient model for user to predict the MAWC for different carrying tasks. MAWC= 1.4602 +4.8332H2 -10.24F1 -4.5376F2 +0.3572T1 Conclusion: The best combination of hand condition and carrying frequency for carrying tasks should be with higher performance and induce lower physiological load. When the carrying frequencies is 1 carrying/5 min or1 carrying/min, using both hands to carry is recommended. The high carrying frequency, 6 carryings/min, is not recommended since it induces heavy physiological load. Keywords: manual material handling, combined carrying tasks, hand condition, carrying frequency
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Wang, Li-Chun Tommy. "Dynamic robot motions and dynamic load carrying capacity computation." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15051701.html.
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Huang, Chong-Yi, and 黃崇益. "Establishment of A Water Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation Model." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83329629972349509904.
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碩士國立中央大學
環境工程學系
86
The ecosystem of the Earth provides resource and environment for human beings to live and development. Resource and environment are limited in the Earth. The quantity of population and their activities are limited. In order to attain sustainable development for human beings, the activities of people must be limited under the carrying capacity of the Earth. Because of the influence by elements and interactions in the ecosystem of the Earth, the carrying capacity of the Earth is the main constraint to sustainable development for human. Base on ecosystem''s thinking, this study developed a method to evaluate the carrying capacity for a river basin and offered the related information to the decision-maker. For evaluated thecarrying capacity for a river basin, this study defined the definition of the carrying capacity at first. Secondly this study explicated ecosystem''s framework. Thirdly this study used D-S-R (Driving force-State- Response) construction to develop the evaluative method. Finally, this study built an evaluative model and an evaluative program to evaluate the carrying capacity for river basin. After the program evaluated, this study could get the carrying capacity for a river basin and the land-use type of the whole watershed at the same time. This study used the model to evaluate Chung-Kang River. The carrying capacity of Chung-Kang River was about 111,159 population equivalents in the present development based on some assumptions. The carrying capacity of Chung-Kang River would be increased about 30% when the land-use type of the river basin could be changed on ten percents allocation rates. In addition, industrial waste minimization of industrial process would increase the carrying capacity of Chung-Kang River also.
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Fan, Sheng-Chen, and 范盛楨. "Study of Social Carrying Capacity in Yushan National Park." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20295834787747747446.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
休閒事業管理系碩士班
93
The purpose of this paper is to give references to management departments on tourists’ impressions of the capacity and crowding perceptions at the Yushan National Park, and the research areas included in this report include: Tataka Recreational Area, Meishan Recreational Area and Nanan Recreational Area. The result of study shows that crowding perceptions in the Yushan National Park is relative to the rubbish amount of the pavement and noise mainly, and to the infrastructure as like the parking stall , garbage bins , lavatory ,etc.. Besides, it is also correlated with the improper-act of scribbling , plucking and picking the flowers ,plants and trees wantonly, catching or feeding animals , destroying or defiling the communal facilities,and so on. The results of carrying capacity in this research are as follows： 1. Based on 224 respondents - Tataka Recreational Area should be limited to 1,120 people per day. The recreational facilities are rated to support 1,766. 2. Based on 65 respondents - Meishan Recreational Area should be limited to 325 people per day. The facilities are rated to support 605. 3. Based on 95 respondents - Nanan Recreational Area should be limited to 475 people per day. The recreational facilities are rated to support only 229. The suggestion in regulations of carrying capacity is include tactics of dispersing ,tactics of restraining, to adopt making the way of quantity by the difference priceing , the education of exposition and to increase the durability of resources ,etc..
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Huang, Pei-Sung, and 黃培松. "Safety Evaluation and Load-Carrying Capacity of Steel Scaffolding." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48859760300255481024.
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Hsieh, Hsiang-Kai, and 謝祥楷. "The Evaluation of Recreational Carrying Capacity In Gaomei Wetland." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3v6mve.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
地理環境資源學研究所
105
Carrying capacity was a concept of operation and management, which initially used to investigate the numbers of community that the environment could support, later extended to outdoor recreation studies and formed “Recreational carrying capacity”. Recreational carrying capacity focus on the environmental and social impact of recreation use, and through limiting the number of visitors to maintain the recreational sustainable development. However, present studies of recreational carrying capacity in Taiwan put emphasis on the perception of visitors more than the other aspects. Gaomei Wetland, which is famous for its well-preserved habitats, become one of the most well-known and popular coastal wetlands in Taiwan. However, the growing number of the tourist has not only made Gaomei Wetland overcrowded, but caused harm to the environment. The main purpose of this study is to research the recreational carrying capacity of the wooden trail in Gaomei Wetland. By means of assessing the physical carrying capacity based on the area of the trail, the facility carrying capacity by counting the amounts of parking spaces, and using visual approach to quantify visitors’ experience for evaluting the social carrying capacity respectively. As a result, the suitable numbers of visitors should be 6,800 arrivals a day, however, considering that the visitors are not equally distributed in one day, we suggest that the recreational carrying capacity of the wooden trail should be limited to 600 arrivals per unit of time. The results of this study could help the local government restrain the number of the tourists in Gaomei Wetland to maintain the environmental sustainability.
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Almeida, Duarte Sampaio Belchior de. "Urban tourism crowding dynamics: Carrying capacity and digital twinning." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24242.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in tourism activity globally has led to overcrowding, causing damage to local
ecosystems and degradation of the tourism experience. To plan tourist activity it is necessary
to define adequate indicators and understand the dynamics of tourist crowds.
The main goals of this dissertation are the development of (1) an algorithm for assessing
spatially fine-grained, physical carrying capacity (PCC) for a complex urban fabric, (2) an agent-based
simulation model for the egress of participants in public open space tourism attraction
events and (3) an agent-based simulation model using the PCC algorithm for tourism crowding
stress analysis in urban fabric constrained scenarios.
OpenStreetMap open-data was used throughout this research. The proposed PCC algorithm
was tested in Santa Maria Maior parish in Lisbon that has a complex ancient urban fabric.
The GAMA agent-based platform was used in the two simulation studies. The first compared
two scenarios (normal and COVID-19) in three major public spaces in Lisbon and the second
focused on the simulation of a real-time tourism crowding stress analysis scenario of visitors’
arrival at the Lisbon Cruise Terminal.
The results show the proposed algorithm’s feasibility to determine the PCC of complex
urban fabrics zones and its application as an initial reference value for the evaluation of real-time
crowding stress, namely in simulations for assessing overtourism scenarios, both in public
open spaces as in highly constrained urban fabrics.O aumento da atividade turística a nível global tem levado à superlotação, causando danos aos ecossistemas locais e degradação da experiência turística. Para planear a atividade turística é necessário definir indicadores adequados e entender as dinâmicas das multidões turísticas. Os principais objetivos desta dissertação são o desenvolvimento de (1) um algoritmo para avaliar a capacidade de carga física (CCF) de fino grão espacial para uma malha urbana complexa, (2) um modelo de simulação baseado em agentes para o escoamento de participantes em eventos de atração turística em espaços abertos e (3) um modelo de simulação baseado em agentes usando o algoritmo de CCF para análise do stress de aglomeração de turistas em cenários de malha urbana restritiva. Os dados abertos do OpenStreetMap foram usados nesta investigação. O algoritmo CCF proposto foi testado na freguesia de Santa Maria Maior, em Lisboa, que tem uma malha urbana antiga e complexo. A plataforma GAMA baseada em agentes foi usada nos dois estudos de simulação. O primeiro comparou dois cenários (normal e COVID-19) em três grandes espaços públicos de Lisboa e o segundo analisou o stress de aglomeração causado pela chegada de navios ao Terminal de Cruzeiros de Lisboa. Os resultados mostram a viabilidade do algoritmo proposto para determinar a CCF de zonas com tecidos urbanos complexos e a sua aplicação como valor de referência inicial para a avaliação do stress de superlotação em tempo real, nomeadamente na avaliação de cenários de aglomeração turística excessiva, tanto em espaços abertos, como em malhas urbanas intrincadas.
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Lo, Kuo-Yu, and 羅國瑜. "A Study on Social Carrying Capacity and Emotional Experiences." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37258897544642483468.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
建築及都市設計研究所
90
Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the social carrying capacity and emotional experience of visitors in the historical streetscape, also provide the management application for relevant organization as a reference. First, a review of pertinent literature regarding the social carrying capacity, emotional experience, assessments of dynamic landscape on the road and landscape visual simulation was carried out in order to establish the basis of the research theory. In this study, Pu-tou Street in Lu-gang and Yan-ping Street in An-ping are set as research section, which are representative of historical street area in Taiwan. The research tools are designed to carry out the computer dynamic simulation of these two streets to facilitate research. And then the research structure and the hypothesis were established in accordance with social carrying capacity and emotional experiences – related theories and studies. In previous study it reveals the index of perceived crowding of social carrying capacity in Pu-tou Street in Lu-gang and Yan-ping Street in An-ping. Both the uncrowded perception lies below the number of 15 persons; In Pu-tou Street the moderate perception lies between 16 and 40 persons and in Yan-ping Street it lies between 16 and 60 persons; The crowded perception in Pu-tou Street lies above 41 persons and in Yan-ping Street it lies above 61 persons. Hence the perceived crowding of visitors in Pu-tou Street is stronger than in Yan-ping Street. The result of research regarding the emotional experience of visitors to historical streetscape can be described by the following two basic categories: “Pleasant – Leisurely” and “Tranquil – Peaceful”. The feeling of “Pleasant – Leisurely” was strong emotional reaction and “Tranquil – Peaceful” was weak. Combining the analysis of this study, when the visitor tour around historical streets and contact other visitors, it revealed the index of perceived crowding of social carrying capacity is related to the emotional experience in historical streetscape. And the index of perceived crowding will affect the emotional experience of visitors that lay the apparent distinction according to the different historical streetscape.
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Swei, Ching-Liang, and 隋清涼. "A Study of Water Environment Carrying Capacity and Sustainable." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03865127762838302539.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
環境工程學系
85
To live or develop sustainably, people must utilize resources sustinably.And the term carrying capacity is just the judgement whether resources wereutilized sustainably or not. i.e The amount of resources consumed must notbe great than that of environment could carry. This study was based on sustainable development indicators to choose onesrelated to water environment carrying capacity that defined as influenced by watr quality, water consumption and land-use. The above chosen indicators werelimitations that evaluate to compare the above chosen indicators. For developingsustainably in any river basin, we should try to promote the capacity to a satisfied level if the real population of a river basin is great than the population equivalent calculated by the above method. In our case study, we only consider the following five aspects: the classifiedwater quality standard of water body, municipal water conumption, industrialwater consumption, the rate of an uptown- commercial area to total area, the rateof an industrial area to total area, the non-forest areas, and the divided numbers of the changeable area. The final results show that the industrial waterconsumption and the rate of an industrial area to total area influence the population equivalent significantly, others are not.
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Wang, Yi-he, and 王逸鶴. "Load-Carrying Capacity Analysis on Thin-Walled Section Members." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65389258158946338661.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土木工程所
99
In bridge architecture, the arch mechanism of arch bridges and the mechanism of suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges use beam-column member (which are molded from many thin plates) as a structural base material. The axle and bending integrity of these materials are regulated by the Ministry of Transportation and Communication under the Transportation and Bridge Architecture Regulations, yet they didn’t provide a way to calculate the integrity of the materials to meet their standards. This research tested the axle strength, bending integrity, and the integrity of both combined using the finite element method. Starting with the design and development of longitudinal stiffened strip and the design and development of diaphragm’ Box column , and then testing both with the program sap2000. The data collected was then further calculated, compared, and analyzed. The results of the research displayed that the data from regulations surpassed those using the finite element method. But if effective measures are taken in the cross-section outside , then the buckling strength with increase greatly.
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"Exploring Destination Social Carrying Capacity Through the Lens of Community Residents." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62842.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Social Carrying Capacity (SCC) has been used commonly in the past to study the impact of increasing numbers of tourists on tourists’ satisfaction with a destination. However, it has been used less commonly to research the impact of increasing levels of tourism on residents of tourism destinations. As definitions of sustainable tourism shift to be more inclusive of residents, commonly used constructs should also be refined or modified to reflect this ontological shift. Current operational definitions of SCC tend to focus on crowding as the major indicator SCC has been reached. Even the theories commonly used to study SCC, stimulus-overload and expectancy theories, relate directly to crowding. This Master’s thesis aimed to expand the concept of SCC to be more representative of the manifold impacts experienced by residents of tourism destinations as tourism increases. This aim was accomplished through an exploratory mixed methods study ultimately resulting in the creation of a new SCC measurement tool.
The qualitative phase of this research consisted of four focus groups in three sites with varying levels of tourism development. The data from the focus groups were used to inform item writing of a measurement tool that represented a greater number of SCC indicators than crowding to confirm the validity of the indicators in the quantitative phase of the research. After the instrument was distributed via a statewide poll, two structural equation models were fit to compare the operational definitions. A better understanding of the relationship between one of the supporting theories, stimulus-overload theory, and SCC was uncovered with evidence of an emergent connection between SCC and tourism-related stressors.
The results of the research indicate that there are multiple indicators of SCC experienced by residents of tourism destinations which can change in degree and expression as tourism development in a community increases. The operational definition including these indicators explained more variance in support for tourism development than overcrowding alone. A greater awareness of these indicators and their evolution can strengthen the theoretical foundation of SCC and enable practitioners to make multi-faceted, proactive decisions when managing a destination.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Community Resources and Development 2020
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O'Brien, Erin Lindsey. "Carrying capacity for sustainable tourism development : Tofino, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/980.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism has the potential of leaving permanent footprints on the physical, cultural and economic environments of tourism destinations. Understanding and managing these footprints is paramount to understanding the industry, and to the successful management of the associated host-guest relationships. Research questions and objectives examine the concepts of tourism carrying capacity and tourism space to determine whether tourism development in Tofino, British Columbia has exceeded its limits of acceptable use. Data were collected through surveys directed to three stakeholder groups; local residents, tourism businesses and tourists. Data were analyzed using quantitative, qualitative and spatial means. The research found that tourism carrying capacity has not been exceeded for the business and tourist participants, but is divided within the resident stakeholder group. Perceived tourism space was similar for all participant groups, but some identified areas did not match the defined boundaries of tourism use set forth by the District of Tofino.
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Pai, Keun_Chuan, and 白耿全. "The Carrying Capacity on the Air Quality in Central Taiwan." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84822977632732015212.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系
85
Accurate estimation of carrying capacity of an air basin is essential to the successful application of allowable emission control strategy. The way to understand the feasibility of the control strategy is to apply dispersionmodels to simulate the air quality. In order to compare the impact from point,mobile and area sources on the air quality in central Taiwan, dispersion modelsare used to find the allowable emission rate in this area. The modes used areISC3 and UAM. Rollback method and environment allowable capacity methods areused to estimate the carrying capacity in this area. The difference betweenthese two is also studied. Two methods are used to estimate the carrying capacity - Rollback andenvironment allowable capacity. Rollback assumed that there is a linear relationship between emission amount and air quality. The essence of rollbackis "less emission and better air quality". Environment allowable capacity is similar to total allowable emission policy in that there is an upper limit for emission. The allowable emission is not fixed but varies with weather condition. Based on this, the carrying capacity of this area is 24,372 ton annually. And the daily allowable emissions are 41 - 264 ton. The execution process of model- UAM is listed in the appendix of this report.
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Huang, W. J., and 黃威鈞. "Investigation for Load-Carrying Capacity of Single-Layer Shoring System." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83235748127696806535.
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