Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carrier capture

Academic literature on the topic 'Carrier capture'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carrier capture"

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Raghunandan, A., and J. Andrus. "What's captured in Binocular Capture: Envelope or carrier?" Journal of Vision 12, no. 9 (August 10, 2012): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.9.220.

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Kim, Sunghyun, Samantha Hood, Puck van Gerwen, Lucy Whalley, and Aron Walsh. "CarrierCapture.jl: Anharmonic Carrier Capture." Journal of Open Source Software 5, no. 47 (March 12, 2020): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.02102.

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Pons, D., and J. C. Bourgoin. "Carrier hopping capture in semiconductors." Physical Review B 43, no. 14 (May 15, 1991): 11840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.43.11840.

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Deveaud, B., A. Chomette, D. Morris, and A. Regreny. "Carrier capture in quantum wells." Solid State Communications 85, no. 4 (January 1993): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(93)90034-k.

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Blom, P. W. M., J. E. M. Haverkort, P. J. van Hall, and J. H. Wolter. "Carrier‐carrier scattering induced capture in quantum well lasers." Applied Physics Letters 62, no. 13 (March 29, 1993): 1490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108668.

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Rosati, R., F. Lengers, D. E. Reiter, and T. Kuhn. "Effective detection of spatio-temporal carrier dynamics by carrier capture." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 31, no. 28 (April 26, 2019): 28LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ab17a8.

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Mansour, N. S., Yu M. Sirenko, K. W. Kim, M. A. Littlejohn, J. Wang, and J. P. Leburton. "Carrier capture in cylindrical quantum wires." Applied Physics Letters 67, no. 23 (December 4, 1995): 3480–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115253.

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Munoz, E., and Enrique Calleja. "Carrier Capture Processes at DX Centers." Solid State Phenomena 10 (January 1991): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.10.99.

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Kersting, R., R. Schwedler, K. Wolter, K. Leo, and H. Kurz. "Dynamics of carrier transport and carrier capture inIn1−xGaxAs/InP heterostructures." Physical Review B 46, no. 3 (July 15, 1992): 1639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.46.1639.

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Bourgoin, J. C., and M. Zazoui. "Carrier capture on defects in multiband semiconductors." Physical Review B 45, no. 19 (May 15, 1992): 11324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.45.11324.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carrier capture"

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Haider, Syed Kumail. "Oxygen carrier and reactor development for chemical looping processes and enhanced CO2 recovery." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10014.

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This thesis’s main focus is a CO2 capture technology known as chemical looping combustion (CLC). The technology is a novel form of combustion and fuel processing that can be applied to gas, solid and liquid fuels. By using two interconnected fluidised-bed reactors, with a bed material capable of transferring oxygen from air to the fuel, a stream of almost pure CO2 can be produced. This stream is undiluted with nitrogen and is produced without any direct process efficiency loss from the overall combustion process. The heart of the process is the oxygen carrier bed material, which transfers oxygen from an air to fuel reactor for the conversion of the fuel. Oxygen carrier materials and their production should be of low relative cost for use in large-scale systems. The first part of this research centres on development and investigative studies conducted to assess the use of low-cost materials as oxygen carriers and as supports. Mixed-oxide oxygen carriers of modified manganese ore and iron ore were produced by impregnation. While copper (II) oxide supported on alumina cement and CaO have been produced by pelletisation. These oxygen carriers were investigated for their ability to convert gaseous fuels in a lab-scale fluidised bed, and characterised for their mechanical and chemical suitability in the CLC process. The modified ores and pelletised copper-based oxygen carriers’ mechanical properties were enhanced by their production methods and in the case of the modified iron ore, significant oxygen uncoupling was observed. The copper-based oxygen carriers particularly those containing alumina cement showed high conversion rates of gaseous fuels and improved mechanical stability. The second part of this research thesis focuses on the design philosophy, commissioning and operation of a dual-fast bed chemical looping pilot reactor. Based on the operational experience, recommendations for modifications to the CLC system are discussed. In support, a parallel hydrodynamic investigation has been conducted to validate control and operational strategies for the newlydesigned reactor system. It was determined that the two fast bed risers share similar density and pressure profiles. Stable global circulation rate is flexible and could be maintained despite being pneumatically controlled. Reactor-reactor leakage via the loop-seals is sensitive to loop seal bed-height, and inlet fluid velocity but can be maintained as such to ensure no leakage is encountered.
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Alalwan, Hayder Abdulkhaleq Khudhair. "Fundamental insights into chemical looping combustion (CLC): a materials characterization approach to understanding mechanisms and size effects in oxygen carrier performance." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6357.

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This work aims to develop fundamental insights about the underlying surface and bulk chemical processes instrumental to the efficiency of chemical looping combustion (CLC). CLC, which uses a solid-state oxygen carrier (e.g., metal oxides) to drive hydrocarbon combustion, is a promising combustion alternative that minimizes byproduct formation and facilities capture of CO2. In this work, we compare the performance of different transition metal oxides, namely iron, copper, cobalt, manganese, and nickel oxides, as oxygen carriers in CLC using CH4 as the reducing agent. Experiments used a continuous flow reactor across temperatures ranging from 500 to 800 oC and feed flowrates from 12.5 to 250 h-1. In addition to monitoring size-, temperature- and flow rate-dependent performance trends for CH4 conversion to CO2, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the solid-state mechanism of oxygen carrier reduction and the coupled surface chemical and bulk material processes influencing performance. Bulk (XRD) and surface (XPS) analysis reveal that oxygen carrier reduction can be generally represented by two models, the unreacted shrinking core model (USCM) and the nuclei growth model (NNGM). The reduction of some metal oxides can also proceed via a two-stage solid-state mechanism; for example, hematite reduction to magnetite follows USCM, while the subsequent reductions of magnetite to wustite and wustite to iron metal follow NNGM. Furthermore, our results reveal that minimizing the particle size promotes oxygen carrier performance, but only for metal oxides reduced according to the USCM, where metal oxide reduction initiates on the particle surface. In contrast, no benefit of decreasing particle size was observed for materials reduced according to the NNGM because the reaction initiates in the particle bulk, such that a more critical determinant of reactivity may be the available oxygen carrier volume rather than surface area. Beyond these fundamental insights, cycling experiments were also performed to provide more practical information about the effect of oxygen carrier particle size on their long-term performance in CLC applications.
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Sridhar, Deepak. "Oxygen Carrier Development and Integrated Process Demonstration for Chemical Looping Gasification Systems." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338322340.

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Kim, Hyung Rae. "Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Combustion Process for In-Situ Carbon Dioxide Capture – Operational Experience of Integrated 25-kWth Sub-Pilot Scale Unit." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1352996758.

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Reidy, Michael James. "Engineering of the RTB Lectin as a Carrier Platform for Proteins and Antigens." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26155.

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The major obstacle many promising drugs struggle to overcome is the barrier imposed by the outer cell membrane. In addition to technologies such as liposomes and cell-penetrating peptides, more attention is being given to the class of proteins known as lectins to deliver therapeutic and antigenic proteins to the interiors of cells. Lectins bind to but do not modify sugars, and provide an efficient route to endocytosis. The galactose/N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin ricin B-chain (RTB) is especially attractive in possibly fulfilling a carrier role due to its well-characterized endocytotic trafficking and its efficacy over a wide range of cell types. By producing RTB recombinantly in plants it is possible to create a fully active, non-toxic carrier that does not rely on the processing of large amounts of toxic material (e.g. castor bean). Payload molecules such as small molecules and proteins can be attached to RTB via chemical conjugation at primary amine groups, without the loss of lectin or uptake activities. The biotin/streptavidin interaction and direct genetic fusion of polypeptides also provide efficient mechanisms for the attachment of payload proteins to RTB. An immunoglobulin domain-based scaffolding mechanism bridges modified RTB and payload proteins when co-expressed in Agrobacterium-infiltrated plant leaves. Carrier and payload proteins expressed in plants and E. coli, respectively, and purified independently are not able to assemble into an efficient carrier/payload arrangement. These findings show that plant cells are able to correctly produce the two components of the carrier/payload system and assemble them into an efficient and flexible capture and carry technology.
Ph. D.
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Schnellmann, Matthias Anthony. "Chemical looping combustion : a multi-scale analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285322.

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Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a technique for separating pure carbon dioxide from the combustion of fuels. The oxygen to burn the fuel comes from the lattice oxygen contained in solid particles of an inorganic oxide (the 'oxygen carrier'), instead of from oxygen in the air. Thus only CO2 and water leave the combustor, or fuel reactor. Next, the water is condensed, leaving pure CO2. The oxygen carrier is regenerated by oxidising it in air in a second reactor, called the air reactor. Accordingly, a stream of pure carbon dioxide can be produced, uncontaminated with gases such as nitrogen, normally present when the fuel burns in air. This intrinsic separation with CLC enables CO2 to be separated more efficiently than with other techniques, such as post-combustion scrubbing of carbon dioxide from stack gases with amine-based solvents. The design of a CLC system and its performance within an electricity system represents a multi-scale problem, ranging from the behaviour of single particles of oxygen carrier within a reactor to how a CLC-based power plant would perform in an electricity grid. To date, these scales have been studied in isolation, with little regard for the vital interactions and dependences amongst them. This Dissertation addresses this problem by considering CLC holistically for the first time, using a multi-scale approach. A stochastic model was developed, combining the particle-and reactor-scales of CLC. It included an appropriate particle model and can be coupled to a detailed reactor model. The combination represented a significant change from existing approaches, uniquely accounting for all the important factors affecting the assemblage of particles performing in the CLC reactors. It was used to determine the regimes of operation in which CLC is sensitive to factors such as the manner in which the particles are reacting, the residence time distribution of particles in the two reactors, the particle size distribution and the reaction history of particles. To demonstrate that the approach could simulate specific configurations of CLC, as well as a general system, the model was compared with results from experiments in which CLC with methane was conducted in a laboratory-scale circulating fluidised bed. The long-term performance of oxygen carrier materials is important, because, in an industrial process, they would be expected to function satisfactorily for many thousands of hours of operation. Long-term experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of different oxygen carrier materials to physical and chemical attrition. The evolution of their chemical kinetics was also determined. The results were used to evaluate the impact of different oxygen carrier materials in a fuel reactor at industrial-scale. Finally, a theoretical approach was developed to simulate how a fleet of CLC-based power plants would perform within the UK's national grid. By understanding how different parameters such as capital cost, operating cost and measures of efficiency, compared with other methods of generation offering carbon reduction, desirable design modifications and needs for improvement for CLC were identified by utilising the theoretical and experimental work conducted at the particle- and reactor-scales.
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Zeng, Liang. "Multiscale Study of Chemical Looping Technology and Its Applications for Low Carbon Energy Conversions." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354722135.

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Aggerstam, Thomas. "Gallium nitride templates and its related materials for electronic and photonic devices." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Department of Microelectronics and Applied Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4759.

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Barbosa, Renato Dias. "Influência dos parâmetros reacionais e da composição dos transportadores de oxigênio, aplicáveis aos processos de combustão e reforma do metano, com recirculação química." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97137/tde-24032015-172457/.

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Impulsionados pela busca de fontes limpas de energia, surgem os processos de combustao com recirculacao quimica (CLC), e reforma com recirculacao quimica (CLR). CLC e CLR sao processos quimicos para oxidacao de hidrocarbonetos gasosos. E utilizada a acao de transportadores de oxigenio (TO), para transferir oxigenio do ar para o combustivel (neste caso o metano), evitando-se o contato direto entre ar atmosferico e metano por diversos motivos. Os TOs, compostos por oxidos metalicos na forma de po fino, circulam continuamente entre dois reatores de leito fluidizado (reator de ar e de combustivel), sofrendo sucessivos ciclos de reducao e oxidacao. Os processos se diferenciam com relacao aos produtos, em CLC objetiva-se a geracao de energia, atraves da oxidacao completa do combustivel, resultando em uma mistura de CO2 e H2O, podendo ser facilmente separada por condensacao. No caso do CLR a oxidacao ocorre de maneira parcial, dando origem a uma mistura de gas de sintese (H2 + CO). O CLC apresenta vantagens com relacao aos processos tradicionais de captura de CO2, pois nao se faz necessaria a utilizacao de processos secundarios para separacao gasosa, economizando assim energia, alem do fato de nao gerar gases do tipo NOx. O presente trabalho apresenta a preparacao de duas series de materiais, via impregnacao seca, uma com composicao 2, 4 e 8% m/m de oxido de niquel e outra com os mesmo teores de oxido de niobio, suportados sobre alumina comercial de alta area superficial especifica. Os materiais foram caracterizados pelas tecnicas de picnometria a helio, volumetria de nitrogenio, porosimetria por intrusao de mercurio, DRX, MEV, TPR 5%H2/N2 analisado com TCD em ChemBet, TPR 5%CH4/Ar e TPO 5%O2/Ar sendo a variacao de massa analisada em termobalanca (TGA/DSC), alem de se utilizar de espectrometria de massas para analise dos gases gerados. Os diferentes transportadores de oxigenio foram testados em reator de leito fixo, sendo avaliados em diferentes condicoes experimentais tais como: temperaturas de operacao, vazoes de reagentes gasosos, concentracoes de metano, adicao de CO2 e H2O ao combustivel. Os produtos da reacao no reator de leito fixo foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massa. Os resultados mostraram que; o deposito de carbono sobre o catalisador pode ser drasticamente reduzido com a adicao de mistura oxidante junto ao combustivel e que estes oxidos estudados tem potencial aplicacao industrial, mostrando-se seletivos para reforma do metano com consecutiva producao de gas de sintese.
Driven by the demand for clean energy sources, arise chemical-looping combustion - CLC, and chemical-looping reforming - CLR. CLC and CLR are chemical processes for oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons. Both of them use the action of catalysts, here called oxygen carriers (OC), which transfers oxygen from the air to the fuel (in this case methane), avoiding the direct contact between the two gases for various reasons. The OC\'s are composed of metal oxides in the form of fine power, circle continuously between two fluidized bed reactors (fuel reactor and air reactor), suffering successive cycles of reduction and oxidation. The two processes differ in relation to the products; the aim of CLC is generation of energy (heat), through the complete oxidation of the fuel, resulting in a mixture of CO2 and H2O, which can be easily separated by condensation. In the case of CLR, the oxidation occurs partially, resulting in synthesis gas, a mixture of H2 and CO. The CLC processes shows advantages when compared to other traditional processes for capture of CO2, because it is not necessary to use secondary processes for gas separation, saving energy, besides the fact of no NOx is generated. This work describes the preparation of two series of materials via dry impregnation, which are composed of 2, 4 and 8% w/w niobium oxide or nickel oxide, supported on commercial alumina, with high specific surface area. The materials were characterized by the techniques of helium pycnometry, nitrogen volumetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, DRX, MEV, TPR 5% H2/N2 analyzed with TCD in ChemBet, TPR 5% CH4/Ar and TPO 5% O2/Ar, being the changes in mass and heat analyzed in a thermogravimetric balance (TGA/DSC) coupled to a mass spectrometer permitting the analysis of the generated gases. The different oxygen carriers were tested in a fixed bed reactor, evaluated in different experimental conditions, such as operation temperature, flow rate of gaseous reactants, methane concentrations, addition of CO2 and H2O to the fuel. The products of the reaction in the fixed bed reactor were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results show that: the carbon deposits over the catalysts can be drastically reduced by addition of oxidizing mixture together to the fuel and these studied oxides have a potential industrial application, showing selectivity to reforming of methane with consecutive synthesis gas production.
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Viterisi, Aurélien. "Rotaxanes as peptide carriers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4077.

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Based on the concept of covalent capture of supramolecular assemblies, the idea of mechanical encapsulation is exploited for the protection and delivery of peptidebased molecules. This thesis aims to establish a general method for the encapsulation of peptides within a rotaxane structure, as well as studying their mode of release under specific stimuli. The synthesis of such structures, relying on the elongation of short peptido[2]rotaxanes, is applied to the design of rotaxane peptide carriers whose function is to protect against biological degradation and release peptides under a biological stimulus. These molecules are composed of a rotaxane-encapsulated peptide bearing a biodegradable stopper, the enzyme-specific cleavage of which triggers peptide release, via ‘dethreading’. The synthesis and in vitro assessment of rotaxane carriers as agents for anti-cancer therapy will be described in detail. The future challenges and potential applications of the proposed systems will be addressed.
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Books on the topic "Carrier capture"

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P, Crabb Anne, ed. Carried off by the Indians: Capture of the girls from Fort Boonesborough as told by the pioneers. Richmond, KY: A.P. Crabb, 1991.

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Great Britain. Ministry of Defence., ed. Review of the results of investigations carried out by the Ministry of Defence in 1986 into the fate of British servicemen captured in Greece and the Greek Islands between October 1943 and October 1944 and the involvement, if any, of the then Lieutenant Waldheim. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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1676-1753, Bownas Samuel, ed. An account of the captivity of Elizabeth Hanson, now or late of Kachecky, in New-England: Who, with four of her children and servant-maid, was take captive by the Indians, and carried into Canada : setting forth the various remarkable occurrences, sore trials, and wonderful deliverance which befel them after their departure, to the time of their redemption. London: Printed and sold by Samuel Clark ..., 1985.

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1676-1753, Bownas Samuel, ed. An account of the captivity of Elizabeth Hanson, now or late of Kachecky, in New-England: Who, with four of her children and servant-maid, was taken captive by the Indians, and carried into Canada : setting forth the various remarkable occurrences, sore trials, and wonderful deliverances which befel them after their departure, to the time of their redemption. London: Printed and sold by Samuel Clark ..., 1985.

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John, Williams. The redeemed captive returning to Zion ; or, A faithful history of remarkable occurrences in the captivity and deliverance of Mr. John Williams, minister of the Gospel in Deerfield, who in the desolation that befel that plantation by an incursion of the French and Indians, was by them carried away, with his family and his neighbor-hood, into Canada, drawn up by himself: To which is added a biographical memoir of the reverend author with an appendix and notes. Bedford, Mass: Applewood Books, 1993.

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Millikan, Ruth Garrett. Infosigns and Natural Information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.003.0011.

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Using a varied list of natural signs as examples, there are straightforward reasons to reject several familiar attemps, such as Dretske’s, to capture what they have in common. Correlational theories run into an obdurate problem of defining, in a principled way, the reference class within which such correlations must hold. A similarity among the signs on our list can be found, however, by treating “being an infosign” as like “being an affordance.” “Natural information” is then the content that is carried by an infosign. A state of affairs, A, that is an infosign of a state of affairs, B, carries the natural information that B, relative to a reference class and relative to an animal that, owing to its actual location in the world, could interpret it.
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Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide Capture: Solid Oxygen- and CO2-Carriers. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2015.

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Jason Ren, Zhiyong, and Krishna Pagilla, eds. Pathways to Water Sector Decarbonization, Carbon Capture and Utilization. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789061796.

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Abstract The water sector is in the middle of a paradigm shift from focusing on treatment and meeting discharge permit limits to integrated operation that also enables a circular water economy via water reuse, resource recovery, and system level planning and operation. While the sector has gone through different stages of such revolution, from improving energy efficiency to recovering renewable energy and resources, when it comes to the next step of achieving carbon neutrality or negative emission, it falls behind other infrastructure sectors such as energy and transportation. The water sector carries tremendous potential to decarbonize, from technological advancements, to operational optimization, to policy and behavioural changes. This book aims to fill an important gap for different stakeholders to gain knowledge and skills in this area and equip the water community to further decarbonize the industry and build a carbon-free society and economy. The book goes beyond technology overviews, rather it aims to provide a system level blueprint for decarbonization. It can be a reference book and textbook for graduate students, researchers, practitioners, consultants and policy makers, and it will provide practical guidance for stakeholders to analyse and implement decarbonization measures in their professions. ISBN: 9781789061789 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789061796 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789061802 (ePUB)
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Rathod, Jigar, and Selim R. Benbadis. Diagnostic Challenges for the Neurologist. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0007.

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The diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) can be challenging for the neurologist. This chapter aims to help navigate such challenges and is organized into three sections: suspecting the diagnosis, establishing the diagnosis, and delivering the diagnosis of PNES. Often these patients present to an epilepsy center with a long-standing history of refractory “epilepsy,” have tried multiple antiepileptic drugs to no avail, and have had “abnormal EEGs.” Therefore, a clear history about the seizures needs to be obtained by the neurologist. The patient needs to be evaluated using gold standard testing: long-term video-EEG monitoring. Challenges that can arise during monitoring include unsuccessful recording of habitual events, and events established as PNES yet with EEG evidence of interictal epileptic discharges. If a typical event has not been captured, the neurologist needs to navigate this situation by either attempting to provoke an event on EEG, remonitoring the patient with long-term video-EEG, or asking the patient’s family to capture an event on video, to get closer to the correct diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is established, there are challenges in delivering the diagnosis, especially if patients have carried a diagnosis of epilepsy for many years.
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German Self-Propelled Artillery in World War II: Wespe : 105Mm Guns, Alkett Weapons Carrier & Captured Vehicles (Schiffer Military History, Vol 61). Schiffer Publishing, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carrier capture"

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Kálna, K., and M. Moško. "Carrier Capture Due to Carrier-Carrier Interaction in Quantum Wells." In Heterostructure Epitaxy and Devices, 79–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0245-9_16.

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Yassievich, I. N. "Carrier Capture by Attraction Centers in Semiconductors." In Semiconductor Physics, 519–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7840-6_24.

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Dao, L. V., M. Gal, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish. "Ultrafast Carrier Capture into InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Wells." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 298–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72289-9_90.

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Zhang, X., and G. I. Haddad. "Room Temperature 10 µm Intersubband Lasers based on Carrier Capture Processes in Step Quantum Wells." In Hot Carriers in Semiconductors, 619–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0401-2_142.

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Karpus, V. "Carrier Capture by Quantum Wells via 3D→2D and 2D→2D Channels." In Die Kunst of Phonons, 251–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2455-7_25.

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Kapon, E., M. Walther, D. M. Hwang, E. Colas, C. Caneau, R. Bhat, J. Christen, M. Grundmann, and D. Bimberg. "Carrier Capture and Stimulated Emission in Quantum Wire Lasers Grown on Nonplanar Substrates." In Phonons in Semiconductor Nanostructures, 317–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1683-1_31.

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Kiselev, Vsevolod F., and Oleg V. Krylov. "The Phonon and Shock Mechanisms of Charge-Carrier Capture in Adsorption and Catalysis." In Electronic Phenomena in Adsorption and Catalysis on Semiconductors and Dielectrics, 183–213. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83020-4_8.

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Wachutka, G. "Consistent Treatment of Carrier Emission and Capture Kinetics in Electrothermal and Energy Transport Models." In Simulation of Semiconductor Devices and Processes, 429–32. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6657-4_106.

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Palma, A., J. A. Jiménez-Tejada, A. Godoy, and J. E. Carceller. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Carrier Capture at Deep Centers for Silicon and Gallium Arsenide Devices." In Simulation of Semiconductor Devices and Processes, 380–83. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6619-2_92.

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Nakamura, Hiroyuki, and Mitsunori Kirihata. "Boron Compounds: New Candidates for Boron Carriers in BNCT." In Neutron Capture Therapy, 99–116. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31334-9_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carrier capture"

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Haverkort, Jos E. M., Paul W. M. Blom, and Joachim H. Wolter. "Carrier capture time: relevance to laser performance." In Physical Concepts of Materials for Novel Optoelectronic Device Applications II, edited by Fabio Beltram and Erich Gornik. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.162815.

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Blom, Paul W. M., Jos E. M. Haverkort, Jan Claes, Pieter J. van Hall, and Joachim H. Wolter. "Ultrafast carrier capture in quantum well structures." In OE/LASE '94, edited by David K. Ferry and Henry M. van Driel. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.175906.

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Stehr, Dominik, Christopher M. Morris, Diyar Talbayev, Martin Wagner, Hyochul Kim, Antoinette J. Taylor, Harald Schneider, Pierre M. Petroff, and Mark S. Sherwin. "Carrier Capture Studies in InGaAs Quantum Posts." In Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qels.2010.qfd1.

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Daiminger, Franz X., Axel Schmidt, Frank Faller, and Alfred W. B. Forchel. "Picosecond time-resolved investigations of carrier lifetime and carrier capture in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots." In OE/LASE '94, edited by Gottfried H. Doehler and Emil S. Koteles. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.175717.

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Marcinkevicius, S., and J. Siegert. "Carrier capture and relaxation in modulation doped inas quantum dots." In International Quantum Electronics Conference, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iqec.2005.1560909.

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Stehr, D., C. M. Morris, D. Talbalyev, M. Wagner, H. C. Kim, A. J. Taylor, H. Schneider, P. M. Petroff, and M. S. Sherwin. "Ultrafast carrier capture and THz resonances in InGaAs quantum posts." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Kong-Thon Tsen, Jin-Joo Song, Markus Betz, and Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.874656.

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Reshchikov, Michael A. "Carrier-capture characteristics of point defects in GaN and ZnO." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS 2013: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors, ICDS-2013. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4865619.

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Zhu, Yuming, Gangzhi Wu, and Gang Fu. "Research on a modified carrier capture based on frequency analysis." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Materials Engineering, Manufacturing Technology and Control. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmemtc-16.2016.107.

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Kálna, K., C. Y. L. Cheung, I. Pierce, and K. A. Shore. "Self-consistent analysis of carrier transport and carrier capture dynamics in quantum cascade intersubband semiconductor lasers." In Advanced Semiconductor Lasers and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/asla.1999.89.

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Shterengas, L., A. Ongstad, R. Kaspi, S. Suchalkin, G. Belenky, M. Kisin, and D. Donetsky. "Carrier capture in InGaAsSb/InAs/InGaSb type-II QW laser heterostructures." In 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2006.4628718.

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Reports on the topic "Carrier capture"

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Wampler, William R., and Normand A. Modine. Temperature dependence of carrier capture by defects in gallium arsenide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213029.

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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, Michelle Koussa, and Juan Manuel Hernández. Skills for Life: Stress and Brain Development in Early Childhood. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003205.

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Learning to cope with disappointments and overcoming obstacles is part of growing up. By conquering some challenges, children develop resilience. Such normal stressors may include initiating a new activity or separation from parents during preschool hours. However, when the challenges in early childhood are intensified by important stressors happening outside their own lives, they may start to worry about the safety of themselves and their families. This may cause chronic stress, which interferes with their emotional, cognitive, and social development. In developing country contexts, it is especially hard to capture promptly the effects of stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic on childrens cognitive and socioemotional development. In this note, we draw on the literature on the effect of stress on brain development and examine data from a recent survey of households with young children carried out in four Latin American countries to offer suggestions for policy responses. We suggest that early childhood and education systems play a decisive role in assessing and addressing childrens mental health needs. In the absence of forceful policy responses on multiple fronts, the mental health outcomes may become lasting.
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Kearns, Nick, and William Beale. Show me the Money: Perspectives on Applying for Government Research and Development Co-funding. Unitec ePress, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.022.

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In 2012-14 Unitec Institute of Technology (in partnership with The Innovation Workshop) carried out research into the application process for New Zealand Government Research & Development [R&D] co-funding administered by the Ministry of Science & Innovation (now Callaghan Innovation Ltd). This research revealed widespread applicant frustration with the application criteria and process. A significant problem perceived by High Value Manufacturing and Service Small Medium Enterprises (HVMS SME) businesses is the focus of R&D funding on product innovation followed by a lack of funding to support later stage commercialisation of products. This later stage of product and market development is excluded from Callaghan Innovation co-funding, leading to ‘prototypes-on-a-shelf’. Applicants also found the process time consuming, due to the complexity of the application questions and the delays in response from the funding network of regional funding partners and the Government Ministry. HVMS SME often used consultants to help manage the application, which is frowned upon by both the regional funding partners and Callaghan Innovation, despite the high levels of co-funding success from these applicants. This work has been carried out during the establishment period of Callaghan Innovation Ltd and some of the above issues may be historic and/or transitional as the institutional arrangements change. This research records the HVMS SME experience in applying for R&D co-funding. Consideration of the user experience, captured in this research, may reveal opportunities to improve the process with better outcomes for the applicants and the economy.
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Villamizar-Villegas, Mauricio, and Yasin Kursat Onder. Uncovering Time-Specific Heterogeneity in Regression Discontinuity Designs. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1141.

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The literature that employs Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDD) typically stacks data across time periods and cutoff values. While practical, this procedure omits useful time heterogeneity. In this paper we decompose the RDD treatment effect into its weighted time-value parts. This analysis adds richness to the RDD estimand, where each time-specific component can be different and informative in a manner that is not expressed by the single cutoff or pooled regressions. To illustrate our methodology, we present two empirical examples: one using repeated cross-sectional data and another using time-series. Overall, we show a significant heterogeneity in both cutoff and time-specific effects. From a policy standpoint, this heterogeneity can pick up key differences in treatment across economically relevant episodes. Finally, we propose a new estimator that uses all observations from the original design and which captures the incremental effect of policy given a state variable. We show that this estimator is generally more precise compared to those that exclude observations exposed to other cutoffs or time periods. Our proposed framework is simple and easily replicable and can be applied to any RDD application that carries an explicitly traceable time dimension.
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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn, and Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.

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Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.
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Pedersen, Gjertrud. Symphonies Reframed. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.481294.

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Symphonies Reframed recreates symphonies as chamber music. The project aims to capture the features that are unique for chamber music, at the juncture between the “soloistic small” and the “orchestral large”. A new ensemble model, the “triharmonic ensemble” with 7-9 musicians, has been created to serve this purpose. By choosing this size range, we are looking to facilitate group interplay without the need of a conductor. We also want to facilitate a richness of sound colours by involving piano, strings and winds. The exact combination of instruments is chosen in accordance with the features of the original score. The ensemble setup may take two forms: nonet with piano, wind quartet and string quartet (with double bass) or septet with piano, wind trio and string trio. As a group, these instruments have a rich tonal range with continuous and partly overlapping registers. This paper will illuminate three core questions: What artistic features emerge when changing from large orchestral structures to mid-sized chamber groups? How do the performers reflect on their musical roles in the chamber ensemble? What educational value might the reframing unfold? Since its inception in 2014, the project has evolved to include works with vocal, choral and soloistic parts, as well as sonata literature. Ensembles of students and professors have rehearsed, interpreted and performed our transcriptions of works by Brahms, Schumann and Mozart. We have also carried out interviews and critical discussions with the students, on their experiences of the concrete projects and on their reflections on own learning processes in general. Chamber ensembles and orchestras are exponents of different original repertoire. The difference in artistic output thus hinges upon both ensemble structure and the composition at hand. Symphonies Reframed seeks to enable an assessment of the qualities that are specific to the performing corpus and not beholden to any particular piece of music. Our transcriptions have enabled comparisons and reflections, using original compositions as a reference point. Some of our ensemble musicians have had first-hand experience with performing the original works as well. Others have encountered the works for the first time through our productions. This has enabled a multi-angled approach to the three central themes of our research. This text is produced in 2018.
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Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.

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At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax burden. The selected timeline overlaps with the formation of five of six constitutions adopted in the State of Alabama, including 1861, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1901. Having these years as the focal point makes for an especially meaningful case study, given how much these constitutional formations made the state a site for much political debate. These data contain 5,121 pages of periodicals from newspapers throughout the state, including: Alabama Sentinel, Alabama State Intelligencer, Alabama State Journal, Athens Herald, Daily Alabama Journal, Daily Confederation, Elyton Herald, Mobile Daily Tribune, Mobile Tribune, Mobile Weekly Tribune, Morning Herald, Nationalist, New Era, Observer, Tuscaloosa Observer, Tuskegee News, Universalist Herald, and Wilcox News and Pacificator. The contemporary relevance of these historical debates manifests in Alabama’s current constitution which was adopted in 1901. This constitution departs from well-established conventions of treating the document as a legal framework that specifies a general role of governance but is firm enough to protect the civil rights and liberties of the population. Instead, it stands more as a legislative document, or procedural straightjacket, that preempts through statutory material what regulatory action is possible by the state. These barriers included a refusal to establish a state board of education and enact a tax structure for local education in addition to debt and tax limitations that constrained government capacity more broadly. Prohibitive features like these are among the reasons that, by 2020, the 1901 Constitution has been amended nearly 1,000 times since its adoption. However, similar procedural barriers have been duplicated across the U.S. since (e.g., California’s Proposition 13 of 1978). Reference: Schumpeter, Joseph. [1918] 1991. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” Pp. 99-140 in The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Richard Swedberg. Princeton University Press.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.

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Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien, and Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.
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Phillips, Jake. Understanding the impact of inspection on probation. Sheffield Hallam University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/shu.hkcij.05.2021.

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This research sought to understand the impact of probation inspection on probation policy, practice and practitioners. This important but neglected area of study has significant ramifications because the Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation has considerable power to influence policy through its inspection regime and research activities. The study utilised a mixed methodological approach comprising observations of inspections and interviews with people who work in probation, the Inspectorate and external stakeholders. In total, 77 people were interviewed or took part in focus groups. Probation practitioners, managers and leaders were interviewed in the weeks after an inspection to find out how they experienced the process of inspection. Staff at HMI Probation were interviewed to understand what inspection is for and how it works. External stakeholders representing people from the voluntary sector, politics and other non-departmental bodies were interviewed to find out how they used the work of inspection in their own roles. Finally, leaders within the National Probation Service and Her Majesty’s Prisons and Probation Service were interviewed to see how inspection impacts on policy more broadly. The data were analysed thematically with five key themes being identified. Overall, participants were positive about the way inspection is carried out in the field of probation. The main findings are: 1. Inspection places a burden on practitioners and organisations. Practitioners talked about the anxiety that a looming inspection created and how management teams created additional pressures which were hard to cope with on top of already high workloads. Staff responsible for managing the inspection and with leadership positions talked about the amount of time the process of inspection took up. Importantly, inspection was seen to take people away from their day jobs and meant other priorities were side-lined, even if temporarily. However, the case interviews that practitioners take part in were seen as incredibly valuable exercises which gave staff the opportunity to reflect on their practice and receive positive feedback and validation for their work. 2. Providers said that the findings and conclusions from inspections were often accurate and, to some extent, unsurprising. However, they sometimes find it difficult to implement recommendations due to reports failing to take context into account. Negative reports have a serious impact on staff morale, especially for CRCs and there was concern about the impact of negative findings on a provider’s reputation. 3. External stakeholders value the work of the Inspectorate. The Inspectorate is seen to generate highly valid and meaningful data which stakeholders can use in their own roles. This can include pushing for policy reform or holding government to account from different perspectives. In particular, thematic inspections were seen to be useful here. 4. The regulatory landscape in probation is complex with an array of actors working to hold providers to account. When compared to other forms of regulation such as audit or contract management the Inspectorate was perceived positively due to its methodological approach as well as the way it reflects the values of probation itself. 5. Overall, the inspectorate appears to garner considerable legitimacy from those it inspects. This should, in theory, support the way it can impact on policy and practice. There are some areas for development here though such as more engagement with service users. While recognising that the Inspectorate has made a concerted effort to do this in the last two years participants all felt that more needs to be done to increase that trust between the inspectorate and service users. Overall, the Inspectorate was seen to be independent and 3 impartial although this belief was less prevalent amongst people in CRCs who argued that the Inspectorate has been biased towards supporting its own arguments around reversing the now failed policy of Transforming Rehabilitation. There was some debate amongst participants about how the Inspectorate could, or should, enforce compliance with its recommendations although most people were happy with the primarily relational way of encouraging compliance with sanctions for non-compliance being considered relatively unnecessary. To conclude, the work of the Inspectorate has a significant impact on probation policy, practice and practitioners. The majority of participants were positive about the process of inspection and the Inspectorate more broadly, notwithstanding some of the issues raised in the findings. There are some developments which the Inspectorate could consider to reduce the burden inspection places on providers and practitioners and enhance its impact such as amending the frequency of inspection, improving the feedback given to practitioners and providing more localised feedback, and working to reduce or limit perceptions of bias amongst people in CRCs. The Inspectorate could also do more to capture the impact it has on providers and practitioners – both positive and negative - through existing procedures that are in place such as post-case interview surveys and tracking the implementation of recommendations.
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