Relevant bibliographies by topics / Caroline Unger

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Caroline Unger'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Caroline Unger"

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Bradish, Christine M., Gad G. Yousef, Guoying Ma, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, and Gina E. Fernandez. "Anthocyanin, Carotenoid, Tocopherol, and Ellagitannin Content of Red Raspberry Cultivars Grown under Field or High Tunnel Cultivation in the Southeastern United States." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 140, no. 2 (March 2015): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.140.2.163.

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High tunnels have been widely adopted for red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) production in the United States to extend the harvest season and increase yields. In this study, effects of high tunnel production on contents of plant secondary metabolites (anthocyanins, carotenoids, tocopherols, and ellagitannins) in red raspberry fruit were determined for three fall-fruiting cultivars (Autumn Britten, Caroline, and Nantahala) grown at three locations in North Carolina under field and high tunnel cultivation systems. Cultivar was the primary contributing factor to variation in phytochemicals, with minor effects of location and production system. The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside and the carotenoids α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin were higher in fruit produced in field compared with tunnel cultivation (P < 0.01). Accumulation of total anthocyanins and tocopherols in fruit were unaffected by high tunnel cultivation in comparison with traditional field cultivation. Carotenoid content varied by genotype and production system. ‘Autumn Britten’ and ‘Caroline’ showed no difference, but were higher than ‘Nantahala’ for α-carotene, β-carotene, 9-cis-β-carotene, and lutein + zeaxanthin (P < 0.0001). Phytochemical differences among field and tunnel produced fruit have important implications for breeding with increased nutritional value in mind, and also the understanding of the relationships of plant pigments to light and temperature.
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Cristian Oswaldo Guerra Flores, Dante Ayaviri Nina, Olga Maritza Rodríguez Ulcuanjo, and Danilo Fernando Fernández Vinueza. "PSYCHOSENSOMETRIC STUDY (EYE TRACKER) ON THE LEVELS OF PERSUASION IN THE WOMEN'S PERFUMERY INDUSTRY." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13, no. 4 (October 10, 2022): 562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.04.074.

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Thanks to technological progress, communicational activities are more efficient, because before being published they are studied through psychosensometric equipment such as an eye tracker, which allows knowing what advertising content the consumer really looks at. The research determines the level of persuasion that has a well-designed advertising against the feminine perfumery of the brands Lancome, Caroline Herrera, and Chanel. For this purpose, neuromarketing tools were used, such as the EyeTracker, which allowed to know the exact points of fixation in each of the advertisements and at the same time it was complemented with elements of traditional market research (survey). This allowed obtaining more field data on the communication designed by the brands under study; therefore, it was identified that the people under study prefer Carolina Herrera's advertising since its advertising is better designed, its elements are distributed in a better way and it does not contain distracting points.
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Veit, Katrin. "Wie halten wir unser Fachwissen aktuell? – Wissenschaft nachgefragt." physiopraxis 20, no. 02 (February 2022): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1690-1299.

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Physiotherapeutin und Gesundheitswissenschaftlerin Caroline Stumm befragte medizinische Fachkräfte aus der Neurorehabilitation, wie sie ihr Fachwissen aktuell halten. Dabei fand sie heraus, dass diese vor allem Fachzeitschriften nutzen.
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Martin, Amanda K., and Karen V. Root. "Challenges and Opportunities for Terrapene carolina carolina Under Different Climate Scenarios." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050836.

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An unprecedented rate of global climate change as a result of human impacts has affected both endotherms and ectotherms. This is of special concern for ectotherms, such as reptiles, as these species are suffering from large population declines and lack the dispersal ability of other taxa. There are many protected areas across the United States; however, these areas are fragmented, which hinders dispersal. We examined species distribution and dispersal capabilities for Terrapene carolina carolina, a relatively narrow range, low dispersal, and vulnerable species. We created climatic suitability models to predict changes in suitable habitat and identified important predictor variables. We modeled three time periods using MaxEnt and hypothesized that there would be an increase in northern habitat. We found that most of the suitable habitat changed at the northern end of the range and that mean temperature of driest quarter had the most influence on future predictions. Overall there were relatively moderate changes in suitable habitat, but where these changes occur affects accessibility. As an example, we examined these local scale movements within Oak Openings Region and found that individuals are capable of dispersing to new suitable habitats; however, other physical barriers will hinder movements. In conclusion, there is a critical need to protect this vulnerable reptilian species and our results suggest that T. c. carolina will expand their distribution northward. We suggest that land managers increase connectivity among protected areas to facilitate dispersal, but future studies should incorporate other dynamic ecological factors at finer spatial scale.
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Underwood, Julie. "Under the Law." Phi Delta Kappan 99, no. 7 (March 26, 2018): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718767868.

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Many states are changing teacher contracts to eliminate opportunities for tenure. Julie Underwood explores the constitutional implications of these changes, noting that a federal circuit court of appeals and the North Carolina Supreme Court both found that states cannot retroactively revoke tenure that had previously been granted.
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Crowe, Fletcher, and Anita Spring. "The Location of Fort Caroline in Ancient Maps." Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 15, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2022.07.00255.

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Fort Caroline was the French fort built on the southeast coast of North America in June 1564, under the command of René Goulaine de Laudonnière. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés attacked the fort on September 20, 1565 killing 134 men and scattering the rest, while the women and children of the Ribault expedition were captured and sent to Havana.1,2 The Fort was used again in 1566 by the Spanish under Stephan de las Alas, but was overrun on April 25, 1568 by French corsairs commanded by Dominique de Gourgues, after which it was partly burned and never found. Conventional understanding in Florida states that Fort Caroline was located on the south side of the St. Johns River, about six miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Jacksonville at the St. Johns Bluff near where the Fort Caroline National Memorial is located today. However, repeated archaeological investigations have failed to locate the remains of Fort Caroline along the St. Johns River. The present study was begun to determine if ancient maps of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth century could provide clues as to where the fort was located. This article uses information from the Bibliotèque nationale francaise (BNF), the Vatican Library in Rome, the Newberry Library in Chicago, and the records of French corsair Dominique de Gourgues, to reconsider the fort’s location. This paper examines nine French maps (1563-1780); two Spanish maps (1566 and 1585); two English maps (1587 and 1684); and two German/French maps (1591 and 1763). These maps, in fact, might have been studied and subjected to scholarly analysis but it appears that they were not used by other researchers to locate Fort Caroline because they assumed that the Fort was on the St. Johns River. Significantly, not any of the fifteen early maps examined in this study depicts Fort Caroline on the St. Johns River.
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Kirkman, W. Benson, and James R. Ballington. "‘Wells Delight’ and ‘Bloodstone’ Creeping Blueberries." HortScience 20, no. 6 (December 1985): 1138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.6.1138.

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Abstract Creeping blueberries [Vaccinium section Herpothamnus (Small) Sleumer] comprise 2 species under current taxonomic treatments (2,3). Distribution is limited primarily to the eastern half of North and South Carolina. Vaccinium crassifolium Andrews (1), the most widespread species, occurs in the outer Coastal Plain in South Carolina and inland to the fall zone just below the North Carolina-South Carolina line. It occurs in North Carolina throughout most of the Coastal Plain, Sandhills, and occasionally into the eastern Piedmont. Vaccinium sempervirens Rayner and Henderson (3) was recently described as a new species endemic to Lexington County, South Carolina. It differs from Vaccinium crassifolium primarily in vegetative characteristics and is geographically isolated from it (W.B. Kirkman and J.R. Ballington, unpublished data).
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Müllenbroich, Caroline, and Sarah Croke. "Physics must be for everyone." Physics World 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/36/01/21.

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Fery, R. L., P. D. Dukes, and W. L. Ogle. "‘Carolina Cayenne’ Pepper." HortScience 23, no. 6 (December 1988): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.958b.

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Abstract In the article “‘Carolina Cayenne’ Pepper”, by R.L. Fery, P.D. Dukes, and W.L. Ogle [HortScience 21(2):330, April 1986], the authors wish to note the following: The 13th line under Description should be changed from “…are straight to slightly curved, 0.64 cm in…” to “…are straight to slightly curved, 1.63 cm in…”.
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Jia, Y., D. Gealy, M. J. Lin, L. Wu, and H. Black. "Carolina Foxtail (Alopecurus carolinianus): Susceptibility and Suitability as an Alternative Host to Rice Blast Disease (Magnaporthe oryzae [formerly M. grisea])." Plant Disease 92, no. 4 (April 2008): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-4-0504.

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Carolina foxtail (Alopecurus carolinianus) has not been reported to host Magnaporthe oryzae. A collection of Carolina foxtail obtained from several Arkansas locations over a 4-year period was inoculated with four races of the fungus under greenhouse conditions and, in all cases, inoculation resulted in the formation of irregular, yellow and brown lesions without obvious gray centers that are characteristic for blast on rice. Differences in these lesions were not observed among our collection. These lesions appeared to differ from typical blast lesions on inoculated rice leaves but were evident following artificial inoculation of Carolina foxtail in the greenhouse. M. oryzae races that differed in pathogenicity toward rice cultivars also displayed differences in lesion development on Carolina foxtail. The most virulent race on rice cultivars also produced lesions most rapidly on Carolina foxtail. These lesions developed more quickly on Carolina foxtail than on the most susceptible rice cultivars tested, including a susceptible California cultivar, M202. M. oryzae isolates cultured from these lesions in the infected Carolina foxtail caused typical disease symptoms of blast on inoculated rice cultivars. We suggest that Carolina foxtail is a new and previously unrecognized host for the blast pathogen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caroline Unger"

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Maahs, Caroline [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung zur mikrobiologischen Qualität von Rehwild unter verschiedenen Kühlbedingungen / Caroline Maahs." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004176392/34.

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Unger-Windeler, Carolin [Verfasser]. "Supporting the tailoring of the product owner role to hybrid development environments / Carolin Unger-Windeler." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220422185/34.

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Böhle, Caroline [Verfasser]. "Belastung und Beanspruchung des lateralen Kapsel-Bandapparates am Sprunggelenk unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Supinationstraumen / Caroline Böhle." Köln : Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1070826170/34.

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Reitzenstein, Caroline [Verfasser], and Ellen [Akademischer Betreuer] Kienzle. "Untersuchungen zu Pulsfrequenz und Geschwindigkeit von Reitpferden und -ponys unter Praxisbedingungen / Caroline Reitzenstein ; Betreuer: Ellen Kienzle." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206878339/34.

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Schuster, Carolin [Verfasser]. "Cognitive and Affective Processes Reducing Performance and Career Motivation Under Stereotype Threat / Carolin Schuster." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1057842354/34.

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Unterseer, Sandra Bettina Verfasser], Chris-Carolin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] [Schön, Aurélien [Gutachter] Tellier, and Arthur [Gutachter] Korten. "Identification of genes under differential selective pressure in temperate maize / Sandra Bettina Unterseer ; Gutachter: Chris-Carolin Schön, Aurélien Tellier, Arthur Korten ; Betreuer: Chris-Carolin Schön." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1131253817/34.

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Wagner, Caroline [Verfasser]. "Synthese und Charakterisierung von Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA)-Silika-Komposit-Partikeln und fluorierten Nanopartikeln unter Verwendung des Miniemulsionsprozesses / Caroline Wagner." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018363092/34.

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Alberts, Carolin Felicitas [Verfasser]. "Die rechtliche Bewertung der Tätigkeit von Influencern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung werberechtlicher Problemstellungen / Carolin Felicitas Alberts." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237168600/34.

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Adler, Carolin [Verfasser]. "Verbreitung und Management der Hypertonie in Deutschland 1998 – 2011 unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Blutdruckmessmethoden / Carolin Adler." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079840885/34.

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Pockrandt, Carolin [Verfasser]. "Digitaler Nachlass : Die Übergangsfähigkeit und -weise digitaler Daten unter Berücksichtigung der Rechte Dritter / Carolin Pockrandt." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220161470/34.

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Books on the topic "Caroline Unger"

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Alexandre, Dumas. Une aventure dʼamour: Un voyage en Italie. Paris: Plon, 1985.

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Avent, Scholer Ashley, DeLoach Susan, and Waldron Terry, eds. Dining under the Carolina Moon: Simple and delicious recipes from the Carolinas. Beaufort, SC: Wimmer Cookbooks, 2005.

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Lewis, Suzanne. Statistical information about under educated adults in South Carolina. [Columbia, S.C.]: Office of the Governor, Division of Health and Human Services, State of South Carolina, 1986.

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Reggioli, Aldo. Carolina Ungher: Virtuosa di camera e cappella di S.A.R. il granduca di Toscana. Firenze: Polistampa, 1995.

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Farb, Robert L. Appellate cases on aggravating and mitigating factors under North Carolina's Fair Sentencing Act: Cases through June 1995. [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: Institute of Government, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1995.

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Brett, Simon. Bones under the beach hut. [Bath]: Windsor, 2012.

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North Carolina. State Center for Health Statistics. Health status and access to routine care--: North Carolina adults under age 50 by Medicaid status. Raleigh, NC: Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, State Center for Health Statistics, 1996.

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Judkin, Browning, ed. The southern mind under union rule: The diary of James Rumley, Beaufort, North Carolina, 1862-1865. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2009.

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Brett, Simon. Death under the dryer [and] Blood at the bookies. London: Pan, 2011.

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Geiger, Annette, and Bianca Holtschke, eds. Piktogrammatik. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457436.

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Unser Wissen und Denken bildet sich immer auch durch grafisches Darstellen heraus, es wird durch bildliche Zeichen anschaulich und vermittelbar. Doch was bildet man dabei eigentlich ab - als Piktogramm oder Diagramm, als Karte oder Informationsgrafik, als Illustration oder Animation? Zwischen Theorie und Praxis vermittelnd, fragen die Beiträge des Bandes nicht nur, wie die zugrunde liegende Bilderordnung funktioniert, sondern auch, wie sie im Entwurfsprozess entwickelt wird. Es wird deutlich: Gestaltete Bilder geben einer immateriellen Idee eine materielle Form - sie sind Weisen der Welterzeugung. Sie beruhen auf geregelten Verfahren und lassen dennoch Spielraum für gestalterische Freiheiten. Mit Beiträgen von: Annette Geiger, Bianca Holtschke, Hannes Kater, Joosten Mueller, Rolf F. Nohr, Samuel Nyholm, Carolin Scheler, Astrit Schmidt-Burkhardt, Pierre Smolarski, Daniela Stöppel, Lukas R. A. Wilde.
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Book chapters on the topic "Caroline Unger"

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Ward, Lauck W., and Blake W. Blackwelder. "Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at the Lee Creek Mine." In Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 113–283. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.61.113.

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A molluscan fauna consisting of 194 species is described from the Chowan River (upper Pliocene) and James City (lower Pleistocene) formations at the Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina. These two formations are as much as 7 m thick in the mine and unconformably overlie strata that correlate with the Yorktown Formation in its type area. The Chowan River and James City formations are separated by an unconformity. The mollusks of the Chowan River Formation are assigned to the <i>Glycymeris hummi-Turritella perexilis</i> assemblage-zone and the mollusks in the overlying James City Formation are assigned to the <i>Marvacrassatella kauffmani-Astarte berryi</i> assemblage-zone. Although mollusks in these zones lived in a subtropical thermal regime, they include some warm-temperate species not found in contemporaneous deposits farther south. The units represented by these assemblage zones were deposited mostly under open marine conditions at a maximum depth of about 25 m. The <i>Marvacrassatella kauffmani-Astarte berryi</i> assemblage at Lee Creek lived in association with an offshore bar system, which has some large unidirectional current-bedded shelly sands. Although more than 65 percent of the species in the assemblages are now extinct, the composition and diversity of the mollusks in the different beds is very similar to that of the <i>Argopecten gibbus</i> community presently living off the North Carolina coast.
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Cubie, Dug, and Tommaso Natoli. "Coherence, Alignment and Integration: Understanding the Legal Relationship Between Sustainable Development, Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction." In Creating Resilient Futures, 45–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80791-7_3.

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AbstractInternational law can play an important role in promoting national, regional and international actions to tackle the human impacts of climate change and disasters. Of note, 2015 saw the adoption of three interconnected normative frameworks: the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, the Paris Agreement under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One may therefore be tempted to view this body of international norms, rules and standards as a comprehensive and unified system. Yet the increasing complexity and specialisation of different international legal regimes has led to concerns regarding a confusing fragmentation of international law. This chapter will therefore examine the relationship between the three topics of sustainable development, climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) from a legal perspective. The chapter will commence with a discussion of the legal status of different international instruments, before providing a textual analysis of the language used by states, the UN, NGOs and other actors in the relevant documents. We then propose an ‘hourglass’ model of the legal relationships between these three different international frameworks based on: systemic coherence at the international level; vertical alignment between the international, regional and national levels; and horizontal integration of international norms at the domestic level. To support this proposal, examples will be provided from the Pacific Island Countries (PICs), drawing on research undertaken through the IRC-MSCA CAROLINE project ‘Leave No One Behind: Developing Climate-Smart/Disaster Risk Management Laws that Protect People in Vulnerable Situations for a Comprehensive Implementation of the UN Agenda 2030.’
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Fischer, Rotraut. "4. Kultivierter Radikalismus: die Sopranistin Caroline Unger und der Gelehrte François Sabatier." In Fluchtpunkt Florenz., 78–86. Aisthesis Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783849817763-78.

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Butler, Lindley S. "Carolina." In A History of North Carolina in the Proprietary Era, 1629-1729, 52–73. University of North Carolina Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469667560.003.0004.

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The beginning of English settlements in the New World and the history of its founders is discussed in this chapter. The life history of the eight proprietors is told throughout the chapter and discusses events that led to the settlement of the first colonies. The first colony under proprietary governance was the Cape Fear settlement. Later in the chapter, the framework for future colonies including North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and the offshore Bahamas is constructed through Carolina’s proprietary charters as well as its constitutions.
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Ravelhofer, Barbara. "Historical Costume, Historical Dancing: Coelum Britannicum." In The Early Stuart Masque, 207–29. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199286591.003.0010.

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Abstract While the Thirty Years War raged on the Continent, Thomas Carew’s court masque Coelum Britannicum (1634) extolled domestic peace under Charles I and Henrietta Maria. The enmities with France and Spain had ended; between 1629 and 1635, England experienced a period of prosperity. Within the smaller circle of the court, Charles took the opportunity to establish a rigid protocol and initiate household reforms. An expression of ‘Pax Carolana’ and in line with Charles’s crusade against loose manners and sloppy administration, Carew’s masque expressed a specifically Caroline revival of courtly values based on historical example.
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Coggeshall, John M. "It Really Wasn’t a Bad Life." In Liberia, South Carolina, 121–67. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640853.003.0005.

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Still segregated under Jim Crow restrictions, the Liberia community continues in this chapter as a semi-protected enclave, anchored primarily by one extended family. The story of Liberia includes the community’s survival as a farming region as desegregation gradually percolated into Upstate South Carolina and as racialized assaults continued. Soapstone Baptist Church persists, but Soapstone School eventually closes under rural (but still segregated) consolidation. The story of Liberia is presented primarily through the memories of contemporary residents, especially the community’s surviving matriarch and her extended family.
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Coggeshall, John M. "The Times Ahead Are Fearful." In Liberia, South Carolina, 46–80. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640853.003.0003.

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This chapter documents the founding of Liberia and its flourishing during the late 19th century. Discussion includes the names of the founders, the methods of acquiring land, and the reasons for the location and name. Soapstone Baptist Church and Soapstone School are established. African American population expands into the hundreds, but then begins a slow decline under the more restrictive Jim Crow segregation laws in the late nineteenth century. Family stories and local historical sources provide personalized information.
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Mickey, Robert. "Suffrage Restriction under Attack, 1944–47." In Paths Out of Dixie. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691133386.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Smith v. Allwright that challenged the restriction on suffrage: it invalidated the all-white Democratic primary and struck at the heart of southern politics—one-party rule based on white supremacy. It first considers the Supreme Court's challenge to the white primary in relation to rulers' dilemmas, opportunities, and options before discussing narratives of enclave experiences with the white primary challenge in South Carolina, Mississippi, and Georgia. It then compares outer South and Deep South responses to Smith, showing that Georgia and South Carolina featured more impressive black mobilizations than Mississippi. However, the consequences of these episodes were not driven solely by such forces as economic development or black protest infrastructure. Rather, given different configurations of intraparty conflict, party–state institutions, and levels of black insurgency, Smith and the responses it invoked had different consequences for each enclave.
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Tortora, Daniel J. "Destroying Their Towns, and Cutting Up Their Settlements." In Carolina in Crisis, 139–54. University of North Carolina Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469621227.003.0010.

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This chapter chronicles the British response to the more recent Cherokee campaigns, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James Grant. Grant was ordered to take the offensive, destroying their Towns and cutting up their Settlements. With the French threat seemingly neutralized in North America, incapacitating the Cherokees—and punishing them for their success in 1760 with a harsh and formal peace—remained a key goal for South Carolina. To bring this about, Grant unleashed wanton destruction. Cherokees ran out of options other than to accept a formal declaration of peace. For the Cherokee Indians, survival depended upon making peace on British terms.
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Tortora, Daniel J. "Join’d Together." In Carolina in Crisis, 10–24. University of North Carolina Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469621227.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the beginnings of an Anglo-Cherokee Alliance, which had been established under dubious circumstances, beginning with the madcap adventure of a Scotsman, Sir Alexander Cuming, who had ventured to Indian territory hoping to secure such an economic and military alliance without royal appointment in 1729. Complicating the picture were the ongoing tensions between the British and the French, the latter of whom also had an economic stake in generating an alliance with the natives. The Cherokees were themselves at the center of a prosperous deerskin trade, albeit reaping these profits also made them dependent on British goods in exchange. For this and many other reasons the Cherokees eventually consented to an alliance with the British, linked together in a symbolic “Chain of Friendship,” even as it was forged amid cultural misunderstandings and bureaucratic machinations.
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Conference papers on the topic "Caroline Unger"

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Rittschof, D., M. Z. Darnell, K. M. Darnell, M. Goldman, M. B. Ogburn, and R. McDowell. "Estimating Relative Abundance of the Female Blue Crab Spawning Stock in North Carolina." In Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.21.

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Applegate, Raymond A., Gene Hilmantel, and Howard C. Howland. "Area Under Log Contrast Sensitivity Function: A Concise Method Of Following Changes in Visual Performance." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sab.4.

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The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is defined by measuring contrast sensitivities at several spatial frequencies. Consequently, the analysis of change in the CSF (e.g., over time, as a result of intervention such as surgery, etc.) is not as straightforward as that of other single number outcomes such as acuity. The analysis of change in the CSF has been handled in a variety of ways including: 1) multivariate ANOVA analysis comparing CS data from all spatial frequencies measured simultaneously (Tomlinson & Caroline, 1988); 2) separate t-test on CS data at each spatial frequency measured (Krasnov, Avetisov, Makashova, & Mamikonian, 1988); and 3) reducing the function to single number such as using estimates of the peak of the CSF as given by the Pelli-Robson chart (Pelli, Robson, & Wilkins, 1988).
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Pang, Weichiang, Zhiqiang Chen, Fangqian Liu, and Ryan Holmes. "Failure Risk of 230 kV Electricity Transmission Lines in South Carolina under Hurricane Wind Hazards." In ATC & SEI Conference on Advances in Hurricane Engineering 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412626.073.

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Gorgemans, Julie, Michael M. Corletti, Richard A. DeLong, and Terry L. Schulz. "Learning Through Delivery, Westinghouse AP1000® Plant Licensing." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31204.

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The AP1000® plant is an 1100-MWe pressurized water reactor (PWR) with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that enhance construction, operation, maintenance, safety, and costs. Four AP1000 units are currently under construction on coastal sites of Sanmen and Haiyang, China. Additionally, the United States (US) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued combined licenses (COLs) to allow Southern Nuclear Operating Company (SNC) & South Carolina Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G) to construct and operate AP1000 plants at the existing Vogtle & VC Summer sites in Georgia and South Carolina, respectively. Although construction at both US sites is underway, the first four China AP1000 plants will become operational ahead of the U.S. Domestic AP1000 plants. Westinghouse is also actively engaged in deploying the AP1000 plant design in other regions throughout the world such as Europe. For example, the AP1000 plant design was evaluated by the UK Office for Nuclear Regulation as part of the UK Generic Design Assessment and received a statement of interim Design Acceptance in late 2011. This paper reviews the past and on-going AP1000 plant licensing activities and discusses how the significant lessons learned gathered through the AP1000 plant worldwide deployment increase licensing certainty for any new AP1000 project.
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Kim, Jaehwan, Woochul Jung, William J. Craft, John Shelton, Kyo Song, Sang H. Choi, and Jag Sankar. "Properties of Electro-Active Paper and Its Potential as a Bio-Inspired Actuator for Special Applications." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62486.

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On September 26, 2002, NASA announced that a consortium of six universities including: The University of Maryland, Virginia Tech, The University of Virginia, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina State University, and Georgina Tech had submitted the winning proposal for a National Institute of Aerospace. The Institute began formal operations in January of 2003 in Hampton, VA, and its mission included research, education, outreach, and technology transfer. One important focus of the NIA was to stimulate research among its member universities of potential benefit to NASA and to develop additional partnerships to further NIA focus areas. The work described in this paper is such an activity in bio-inspired actuator materials. This work was originally advocated and developed at Inha University, and it is being extended by teams from Inha University, North Carolina A&T State University, and NASA Langley so that the potential for these actuators as devices for special applications is better understood. This paper focuses on important performance characteristics of electro-active paper (EAPap) actuators and the potential of thes actuators to propel autonomous devices. EAPap is a paper that produces large displacement with small force under an electrical excitation. EAPap is made with chemically treated papers with electrodes on both outer surfaces. When electrical voltage is applied to the electrodes, a tip displacement is produced. One drawback in such actuators is that the actual power produced is variable, and the displacement is relatively unstable. Further, the performance tends to degrade in time and as a function of how the papers are processed. Environmental factors also impact the performance of the product including temperature and humidity. The use of such materials in ambulatory devices requires attention to these concerns and further research is needed to find what initial applications are most congruent with EAPap performance and service lift. In this paper, we have extended the knowledge base of EAPap to include additional ranges of temperature and humidity. We have also looked beyond the current tests on cantilevered beam actuators to segmented plate sections and have tested the ability of these actuators to perform as oscillatory devices both in and out of phase, and to chart their performance vs. time humidity and temperature thus emulating a rudimentary wing or walking assembly.
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Baron, John J., J. E. (Ted) Lawrence, and Graeme G. King. "Design and Construction of the World’s Longest Liquid Sulphur Pipeline." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1884.

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Sulphur is extracted from sour gas at Shell’s Caroline Gas Plant in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Canada. A buried pipeline carries the liquid sulphur 41 km cross-country to a railhead at Shantz. Sulphur is difficult to handle by pipeline because it remains solid at temperatures up to 118.9°C. Challenges posed by high operating temperatures necessitated many innovations during design and construction. The liquid sulphur pipeline is built from two coaxial pipes. The inner pipe carries liquid sulphur while the annular space carries circulating hot water under pressure. The inner pipe has a diameter of 219.1 mm (NPS 8) and the outer pipe has a diameter of 323.9 mm (NPS 12) with 80 mm of high density urethane foam insulation. A hot water return line with a diameter of 168.3 mm (NPS 6) and 50 mm of insulation completes the loop for the continuous circulation of hot water. Two hot water heaters are installed, one at each end of the line. The system can carry between 0 and 5,100 tonnes of liquid sulphur per day on a continuous basis, and can be easily expanded to 8,000 tonnes per day by adding extra pumps. Construction of this unique pipeline required skilled workers operating under sometimes difficult climatic conditions. The route winds through hilly terrain in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains and crosses under three major rivers. Careful planning led to the successful completion of the world’s longest liquid sulphur pipeline on time and under budget. The pipeline has now been operated successfully for more than three years.
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Athalye, Rahul, and Herbert M. Eckerlin. "Measurement and Analysis of the Annual Daylighting Performance of a Middle School in North Carolina." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90329.

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This paper evaluates the measured annual daylighting performance of the Northern Guilford Middle School at Greensboro, North Carolina. A side-daylighting strategy that employs a unique curved interior translucent light-shelf is used in the classrooms. The measured average annual illuminance under clear sky conditions is about 100 foot-candles. However, there is great variation in the space illuminance from season to season. The building occupants react to this variation in ways that cannot be controlled and this ultimately determines how well the design works. Along with the annual measurements, two tests were performed on the side-lit design to determine the effects of individual design elements. The results from these experiments as well as those from the computer modeling of a typical classroom using the side-lit strategy at Northern Guilford are presented in this paper. These results may be extended to any day-lit space with an interior translucent element, located on similar latitude and a comparable solar radiation profile.
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Cai, D., B. Wu, L. L. Zheng, H. Zhang, W. J. Mecouch, and Z. Sitar. "Modeling of a Gallium Nitride Epitaxy Growth System." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59819.

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An iodine vapor phase epitaxy (IVPE) system has been designed and built at North Carolina State University to grow high quality thick gallium nitride layer at the growth rate up to 80 μm/h with the deposition temperature of 1010 °C and the pressure of 200 Torr. In order to optimize the growth process, a numerical model, which is capable of describing multi-component fluid flow, gas/surface chemistry, conjugate heat transfer, radiation heat transfer and multi-species transport, has been developed to help in design and optimization of the IVPE reactor. The gallium source weight reduce rate is converted into flow rate of gallium vapor and has been simulated as an inlet boundary condition of the tubular reactor. By matching predicted and experimental deposition rates, the heterogeneous reaction boundary condition is determined and applied to the substrate. Comprehensive two-dimensional computational simulations have been performed to study the temperature distribution, species mixing process and GaN deposition rate distribution on the substrate under different geometrical configurations and operating conditions; and the operating parameters have been optimized.
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Wenglarz, Richard A., and Lawrence P. Golan. "Gas Turbine Research in the AGTSR Program." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30655.

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The South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies (SCIES), administratively housed at Clemson University, has participated in the advancement of combustion turbine technology for nearly a decade. The Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research (AGTSR) program has been administered by SCIES for the U. S. DOE. Under the supervision of the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the AGTSR has brought together the engineering departments at the leading U.S. universities and U.S. combustion turbine developers to assist in providing a solid base of knowledge for the future generations of gas turbines. In the AGTSR program, an Industrial Review Board (IRB) of gas turbine companies and related organizations defines needed gas turbine research. SCIES prepares yearly requests for university proposals that address the research needs identified by the IRB organizations. IRB technical representatives evaluate the university proposals and review progress reports from the awarded university projects. Seventy-five (75) AGTSR university projects have been awarded in the areas of gas turbine combustion, aerodynamics/heat transfer, and materials. An overview of recent AGTSR university projects is given in this paper and research results from several of the projects are described in greater detail.
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Knopf, K., D. C. Rizos, Y. Qian, and M. Sutton. "A Stereovision System for Rail Neutral Temperature Measurements and Effects of the Heating Method." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8119.

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Abstract Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) practice is used in modern railroads to alleviate maintenance issues associated with joints and to improve ride quality. The absence of expansion joints, however, leads to long rail segments that are prone to the development of longitudinal thermal stresses that may cause track buckling, or rail pull-apart. A critical parameter in the susceptibility of the track to failure due to thermal loading is the Rail Neutral Temperature. This parameter is the temperature at which the rail is stress free. Rail stress management practices depend on the knowledge of the total net stress in the rail and the RNT. Current in-situ rail stress measurement techniques are destructive and disruptive of service. A new non contacting, nondestructive methodology is under development at the University of South Carolina for RNT and longitudinal stress measurements. The method is based on stereo vision image acquisition and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for acquiring the full field shape, deformation and strain measurements taken during a thermal cycle. The thermal cycle can be natural or induced. This paper discusses the effects of the way the rail is heated on the RNT and stress measurements.
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Reports on the topic "Caroline Unger"

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Anderton, Gary, Ernest Berney, John Newman, Travis Mann, Chad Gartrell, and Daniel Miller. Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program 2004 Demonstration Project--Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40139.

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This report describes the demonstration of technologies and procedures developed during April 2002 and May 2004 under the Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) Program. The demonstration took place at Sicily Landing Zone (LZ) at Fort Bragg, NC, in July of 2004. The objective of the exercise was to demonstrate the procedures and technologies developed under the JRAC Program by rapidly building two parking aprons capable of supporting C-130 transport aircraft taxiing and parking operations. The exercise was conducted under continuous 24-hr operations to simulate a real-world rapid construction environment. Apron 1 (north apron) was constructed using two technologies, one-half being ACE™ Matting and the other half being a cement-polymer stabilized soil surface. Apron 2 (south apron) was constructed solely of a fiber-cement-stabilized soil system. Both aprons were treated with a polymer emulsion surface application to form a sealed surface against abrasion and water infiltration. The entire construction of both aprons required 76 hr, with Apron 1 finished in 48 hr. The construction of Apron 1 was validated by operation of a C-130 aircraft approximately 31 hr after completion with success and high praises from the aircraft flight crew on the stability and surface of the apron, as well as its dust-abating characteristics.
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Tetzlaff, Sasha, Jinelle Sperry, and Brett DeGregorio. You can go your own way : no evidence for social behavior based on kinship or familiarity in captive juvenile box turtles. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44923.

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Behavioral interactions between conspecific animals can be influenced by relatedness and familiarity. To test how kinship and familiarity influenced social behavior in juvenile Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina), 16 captive-born individuals were reared under semi-natural conditions in four equally sized groups, where each group comprised pairs of siblings and non-siblings. Using separation distance between pairs of turtles in rearing enclosures as a measure of gregariousness, we found no evidence suggesting siblings more frequently interacted with one another compared to non-relatives over the first five months of life. Average pair separation distance decreased during this time but may have been due to turtles aggregating around resources like heat and moist retreat areas as colder temperatures approached. At eight months old, we again measured repeated separation distances between unique pair combinations and similarly found no support for associations being influenced by kinship. Agonistic interactions between individuals were never observed. Based on our results, group housing and rearing of juvenile box turtles did not appear to negatively impact their welfare. Unlike findings for other taxa, our results suggest strategically housing groups of juvenile T. carolina to maintain social stability may not be an important husbandry consideration when planning releases of captive-reared individuals for conservation purposes.
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Mathew, Sonu, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Effect of Weather Events on Travel Time Reliability and Crash Occurrence. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2035.

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The magnitude of the effect of adverse weather conditions on road operational performance varies with the type of weather condition and the road characteristics of the road links and adjacent links. Therefore, the relationship between weather and traffic is always a concern to traffic engineers and planners, and they have extensively explored ways to integrate weather information into transportation systems. Understanding the influence of weather on operational performance and safety helps traffic engineers and planners to proactively plan and manage transportation systems. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of adverse weather conditions on travel time reliability and crash occurrence, by severity, using weather data, road data, travel time data, and crash data for North Carolina. The methodology and results from this research are useful for transportation system managers and planners to manage the traffic and improve safety under different weather conditions. They also help improve the functionality of weather-responsive management strategies like variable signs to indicate the change in reliability and safety under rainfall and low visibility conditions.
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Lewis, Dustin, Naz Modirzadeh, and Gabriella Blum. Quantum of Silence: Inaction and Jus ad Bellum. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/azzk2231.

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In a paper by the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (HLS PILAC) titled “Quantum of Silence: Inaction and Jus ad Bellum” (2019), Dustin A. Lewis, Naz K. Modirzadeh, and Gabriella Blum examine the actual and potential roles of silence in the identification and the development of international law, with a focus on the legal regime governing the threat or use of force in international relations. The analysis in the paper is complemented with an annex — to which a team of HLS PILAC research assistants contributed — that contains the most comprehensive catalogue to date of apparent self-defense reports to the Security Council under article 51 of the U.N. Charter. Those contributors were Lindsay Anne Bailey, Emma Broches, Laura Clark, Sonia Chakrabarty, Thejasa Jayachandran, Daniel Levine-Spound, Sarah Libowsky, Samantha Lint, Yang Liu, Carolina Silva-Portero, Shira Shamir, William Ossoff, Tamsin Parzen, and Shanelle Van. The paper and catalogue arose out of the HLS PILAC research project titled “Self-defense, States’ Silence, and the Security Council.”
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Paxton, Barton, and Chance Hines. Black rail inventory at Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras national seashores. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304485.

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The black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) is the most secretive of the secretive marsh birds and one of the least understood species in North America. On the east coast, eastern black rails historically bred in tidal and freshwater marshes along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts, south to Florida. Within the mid-Atlantic region suitable black rail habitat is concentrated in the high marsh along the upper elevational zone of salt marshes. This zone is dominated by salt meadow hay (Spartina patens), saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), and is often interspersed with shrubs such as marsh elder (Iva frutescens) or saltbush (Baccharis hamilifolia). North Carolina has been a stronghold for eastern black rails within the mid-Atlantic region, with the marsh complexes associated with the lower Pamlico sound supporting one of largest concentrations and highest densities of eastern black rails throughout their range. However, even within these marshes, eastern black rail populations have experienced declines marked by reductions in occupied sites and decline in numbers within historic strongholds. Evidenced by increasing confinement to the highest portions of the high marsh in recent years, sea-level rise and increased rates of high marsh inundation are likely a major contributing factor to declines. With the population of eastern black rails declining over 75% in the last 10-20 years, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service formally listed the eastern black rail as threatened under the endangered species act on 9 November 2020 (USFWS 2020). To fulfill the need for information to guide management decisions on projects at Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras National Seashores and to aide in (potential?) future designations of critical habitat, we conducted widespread, systematic surveys for black rails and other secretive marsh birds within the parks during the breeding seasons of 2022 and 2023. A total of 1,222 surveys were conducted at 431 points over the course of 2 years. In addition to recording detections of all focal species, we recorded detections of 6 eastern black rails on North Core Banks where they were not previously known to occur. The population of black rails occupying the high marsh habitat on North Core Banks could account for 5-10% of the North Carolina black rail population and increase the known sites occupied within the state.
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Dolbeer, Richard A., and George M. Llnz. Blackbirds. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207732.ws.

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The term blackbird loosely refers to a diverse group of about 10 species of North American birds that belong to the avian family Icteridae. The most common species include: Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus, Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), Yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus). They can cause damage to crops and fruits. Some of them may cause damage to livestock feed in feedlots and some of them may be a cause for concern in the future, due to the potential for disease transmission, with their expanding range. There is potential to amplify and spread disease to humans such as avian influenza although there is no evidence that this happened. Blackbirds are native migratory birds, and thus come under the jurisdiction of the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), a formal treaty with Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. Blackbirds have federal protection in the U.S.
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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.

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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.
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Laborer dies after 41-foot fall from roof under construction - North Carolina. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface9817.

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Carbon monoxide emissions and exposures on recreational boats under various operating conditions at Lake Norman, North Carolina. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb17131a.

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Hispanic laborer dies after falling through a second story floor opening in a single family home under construction - North Carolina. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface200701.

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