Academic literature on the topic 'Carnosinol'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carnosinol"
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O’Toole, Timothy E., Xiaohong Li, Daniel W. Riggs, David J. Hoetker, Shahid P. Baba, and Aruni Bhatnagar. "Urinary Levels of the Acrolein Conjugates of Carnosine Are Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031383.
Full textAbstract:
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide (β-alanine-L-histidine) which supports physiological homeostasis by buffering intracellular pH, chelating metals, and conjugating with and neutralizing toxic aldehydes such as acrolein. However, it is not clear if carnosine can support cardiovascular function or modify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. To examine this, we measured urinary levels of nonconjugated carnosine and its acrolein conjugates (carnosine-propanal and carnosine-propanol) in participants of the Louisville Healthy Heart Study and examined associations with indices of CVD risk. We found that nonconjugated carnosine was significantly associated with hypertension (p = 0.011), heart failure (p = 0.015), those categorized with high CVD risk (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI; p = 0.007), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; p = 0.026), high-density lipoprotein (HDL; p = 0.007) and certain medication uses. Levels of carnosine-propanal and carnosine-propanol demonstrated significant associations with BMI, blood glucose, HDL and diagnosis of diabetes. Carnosine-propanal was also associated with heart failure (p = 0.045) and hyperlipidemia (p = 0.002), but no associations with myocardial infarction or stroke were identified. We found that the positive associations of carnosine conjugates with diabetes and HDL remain statistically significant (p < 0.05) in an adjusted, linear regression model. These findings suggest that urinary levels of nonconjugated carnosine, carnosine-propanal and carnosine-propanol may be informative biomarkers for the assessment of CVD risk—and particularly reflective of skeletal muscle injury and carnosine depletion in diabetes.
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Jukić, Ivana, Nikolina Kolobarić, Ana Stupin, Anita Matić, Nataša Kozina, Zrinka Mihaljević, Martina Mihalj, et al. "Carnosine, Small but Mighty—Prospect of Use as Functional Ingredient for Functional Food Formulation." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071037.
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Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized in the body from β-alanine and L-histidine. It is found in high concentrations in the brain, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans and is present in all vertebrates. Carnosine has a number of beneficial antioxidant properties. For example, carnosine scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes created by peroxidation of fatty acid cell membranes during oxidative stress. Carnosine can oppose glycation, and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Carnosine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by protecting podocyte and mesangial cells, and can slow down aging. Its component, the amino acid beta-alanine, is particularly interesting as a dietary supplement for athletes because it increases muscle carnosine, and improves effectiveness of exercise and stimulation and contraction in muscles. Carnosine is widely used among athletes in the form of supplements, but rarely in the population of cardiovascular or diabetic patients. Much less is known, if any, about its potential use in enriched food. In the present review, we aimed to provide recent knowledge on carnosine properties and distribution, its metabolism (synthesis and degradation), and analytical methods for carnosine determination, since one of the difficulties is the measurement of carnosine concentration in human samples. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of carnosine’s biological effects in musculature, metabolism and on immunomodulation are discussed. Finally, this review provides a section on carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food and potential health benefits and up to the present, neglected clinical use of carnosine.
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Tanida, Mamoru, Akira Niijima, Yutaka Fukuda, Hajime Sawai, Nobuo Tsuruoka, Jiao Shen, Shigeru Yamada, Yoshinobu Kiso, and Katsuya Nagai. "Dose-dependent effects of l-carnosine on the renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 2 (February 2005): R447—R455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00275.2004.
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The physiological function of l-carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) synthesized in mammalian muscles has been unclear. Previously, we observed that intravenous (IV) injection of l-carnosine suppressed renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in urethane-anesthetized rats, and l-carnosine administered via the diet inhibited the elevation of blood pressure (BP) in deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertensive rats. To identify the mechanism, we examined effects of IV or intralateral cerebral ventricular (LCV) injection of various doses of l-carnosine on RSNA and BP in urethane-anesthetized rats. Lower doses (1 μg IV; 0.01 μg LCV) of l-carnosine significantly suppressed RSNA and BP, whereas higher doses (100 μg IV; 10 μg LCV) elevated RSNA and BP. Furthermore, we examined effects of antagonists of histaminergic (H1 and H3) receptors on l-carnosine-induced effects. When peripherally and centrally given, thioperamide, an H3 receptor antagonist, blocked RSNA and BP decreases induced by the lower doses of peripheral l-carnosine, whereas diphenhydramine, an H1 receptor antagonist, inhibited increases induced by the higher doses of peripheral l-carnosine. Moreover, bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus eliminated both effects on RSNA and BP induced by the lower (1 μg) and higher (100 μg) doses of peripheral l-carnosine. These findings suggest that low-dose l-carnosine suppresses and high-dose l-carnosine stimulates RSNA and BP, that the suprachiasmatic nucleus and histaminergic nerve are involved in the activities, and that l-carnosine acts in the brain and possibly other organs.
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Weigand, Tim, Benjamin Singler, Thomas Fleming, Peter Nawroth, Karel D. Klika, Christian Thiel, Hans Baelde, et al. "Carnosine Catalyzes the Formation of the Oligo/Polymeric Products of Methylglyoxal." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 46, no. 2 (2018): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488727.
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Background/Aims: Reactive dicarbonyl compounds, such as methylglyoxal (MG), contribute to diabetic complications. MG-scavenging capacities of carnosine and anserine, which have been shown to mitigate diabetic nephropathy, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Methods: MG-induced cell toxicity was characterized by MTT and MG-H1-formation, scavenging abilities by Western Blot and NMR spectroscopies, cellular carnosine transport by qPCR and microplate luminescence and carnosine concentration by HPLC. Results: In vitro, carnosine and anserine dose-dependently reduced N-carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. NMR studies revealed the formation of oligo/polymeric products of MG catalyzed by carnosine or anserine. MG toxicity (0.3-1 mM) was dose-dependent for podocytes, tubular and mesangial cells whereas low MG levels (0.2 mM) resulted in increased cell viability in podocytes (143±13%, p<0.001) and tubular cells (129±3%, p<0.001). Incubation with carnosine/anserine did not reduce MG-induced toxicity, independent of incubation times and across large ranges of MG to carnosine/anserine ratios. Cellular carnosine uptake was low (<0.1% in 20 hours) and cellular carnosine concentrations remained unaffected. The putative carnosine transporter PHT1 along with the taurine transporter (TauT) was expressed in all cell types while PEPT1, PEPT2 and PHT2, also belonging to the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter (POT) family, were only expressed in tubular cells. Conclusion: While carnosine and anserine catalyze the formation of MG oligo/polymers, the molar ratios required for protection from MG-induced cellular toxicity are not achievable in renal cells. The effect of carnosine in vivo, to mitigate diabetic nephropathy may therefore be independent upon its ability to scavenge MG and/or carnosine is mainly acting extracellularly.
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Hwang, Byungdoo, Jun-Hui Song, Sung Lyea Park, Jee Taek Kim, Wun-Jae Kim, and Sung-Kwon Moon. "Carnosine Impedes PDGF-Stimulated Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro and Sprout Outgrowth Ex Vivo." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 2697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092697.
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Carnosine, a naturally producing dipeptide, exhibits various beneficial effects. However, the possible role of carnosine in vascular disorders associated with pathological conditions, including proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), largely remains unrevealed. Here, we investigated the regulatory role and mechanism of carnosine in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMCs. Carnosine inhibited the proliferation of PDGF-induced VSMCs without any cytotoxic effects. Carnosine treatment also induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest by causing a p21WAF1-mediated reduction in the expression of both cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in PDGF-treated VSMCs. Carnosine treatment suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in PDGF-stimulated signaling. Additionally, carnosine significantly prevented the migration of VSMCs exposed to PDGF. Carnosine abolished matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity via reduced transcriptional binding activity of NF-κB, Sp-1, and AP-1 motifs in PDGF-treated VSMCs. Moreover, using aortic assay ex vivo, it was observed that carnosine addition attenuated PDGF-stimulated sprout outgrowth of VSMCs. Taken together, these results demonstrated that carnosine impeded the proliferation and migration of PDGF-stimulated VSMCs by regulating cell cycle machinery, JNK signaling, and transcription factor-mediated MMP-9 activity as well as prevented ex vivo sprout outgrowth of blood vessels. Thus, carnosine may be a potential candidate for preventing vascular proliferative disease.
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Everaert, Inge, Youri Taes, Emile De Heer, Hans Baelde, Ana Zutinic, Benito Yard, Sibylle Sauerhöfer, et al. "Low plasma carnosinase activity promotes carnosinemia after carnosine ingestion in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 302, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): F1537—F1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00084.2012.
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A polymorphism in the carnosine dipeptidase-1 gene ( CNDP1), resulting in decreased plasma carnosinase activity, is associated with a reduced risk for diabetic nephropathy. Because carnosine, a natural scavenger/suppressor of ROS, advanced glycation end products, and reactive aldehydes, is readily degraded in blood by the highly active carnosinase enzyme, it has been postulated that low serum carnosinase activity might be advantageous to reduce diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to examine whether low carnosinase activity promotes circulating carnosine levels after carnosine supplementation in humans. Blood and urine were sampled in 25 healthy subjects after acute supplementation with 60 mg/kg body wt carnosine. Precooled EDTA-containing tubes were used for blood withdrawal, and plasma samples were immediately deproteinized and analyzed for carnosine and β-alanine by HPLC. CNDP1 genotype, baseline plasma carnosinase activity, and protein content were assessed. Upon carnosine ingestion, 8 of the 25 subjects (responders) displayed a measurable increase in plasma carnosine up to 1 h after supplementation. Subjects with no measurable increment in plasma carnosine (nonresponders) had ∼2-fold higher plasma carnosinase protein content and ∼1.5-fold higher activity compared with responders. Urinary carnosine recovery was 2.6-fold higher in responders versus nonresponders and was negatively dependent on both the activity and protein content of the plasma carnosinase enzyme. In conclusion, low plasma carnosinase activity promotes the presence of circulating carnosine upon an oral challenge. These data may further clarify the link among CNDP1 genotype, carnosinase, and diabetic nephropathy.
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Tanaka, Ken-Ichiro, and Masahiro Kawahara. "Carnosine and Lung Disease." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 11 (April 23, 2020): 1714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190712140545.
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Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a small dipeptide with numerous activities, including antioxidant effects, metal ion chelation, proton buffering capacity, and inhibitory effects on protein carbonylation and glycation. Carnosine has been mostly studied in organs where it is abundant, including skeletal muscle, cerebral cortex, kidney, spleen, and plasma. Recently, the effect of supplementation with carnosine has been studied in organs with low levels of carnosine, such as the lung, in animal models of influenza virus or lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Among the known protective effects of carnosine, its antioxidant effect has attracted increasing attention for potential use in treating lung disease. In this review, we describe the in vitro and in vivo biological and physiological actions of carnosine. We also report our recent study and discuss the roles of carnosine or its related compounds in organs where carnosine is present in only small amounts (especially the lung) and its protective mechanisms.
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Liu, Yali, Dan Su, Ling Zhang, Shaofeng Wei, Kuangyi Liu, Mi Peng, Hanyun Li, and Yonggui Song. "Endogenous L-Carnosine Level in Diabetes Rat Cardiac Muscle." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6230825.
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A novel method for quantitation of cardiac muscle carnosine levels using HPLC-UV is described. In this simple and reliable method, carnosine from the rat cardiac muscle and the internal standard, thymopentin, were extracted by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The method was linear up to 60.96 μg·mL−1for L-carnosine. The calibration curve was linear in concentration ranges from 0.5 to 60.96 μg·mL−1. The relative standard deviations obtained for intra- and interday precision were lower than 12% and the recoveries were higher than 90% for both carnosine and internal standard. We successfully applied this method to the analysis of endogenous carnosine in cardiac muscle of the diabetes rats and healthy control rats. The concentration of carnosine was significantly lower in the diabetes rats group, compared to that in the healthy control rats. These results support the usefulness of this method as a means of quantitating carnosine and illustrate the important role of L-carnosine in cardiac muscle.
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Perim, Pedro Henrique, André Barroso Heibel, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Bruno Gualano, and Bryan Saunders. "Low efficiency of β-alanine supplementation to increase muscle carnosine." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 34, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-5509202000030357.
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Supplementation with β-alanine (BA) increases muscle carnosine content, although the amount of BA used for muscle carnosine loading has been suggested to be low. However, methodological issues may have underestimated the amount of BA used. The aim of this study was to determine the estimated amount of BA converted to muscle carnosine, using a retrospective analysis from a 4-week randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of BA supplementation on muscle carnosine content of the m. vastus lateralis. Twenty-five males (age 27±5 years, height 1.74±0.09 m, body mass 77.4±11.5 kg) were supplemented with 6.4 g·day-1 of BA (N=17) or placebo (PL; N=8) for 28 days. Pre- and postsupplementation participants provided a muscle biopsy subsequently analysed for carnosine content using HPLC. Data were analysed using mixed-models and Pearson’s correlations. Muscle carnosine content increased by +11.0±6.7 mmol·kg-1dm (P<0.0001) in BA, with no change in PL (P=0.99). The estimated amount of BA converted to muscle carnosine was 2.1±1.2% (Range: 0.5 to 4.5%) of the total dose ingested. Pearson’s correlations showed that pre-supplementation carnosine was correlated to post-supplementation carnosine in the BA group (r=0.65, r2=0.38, P=0.009), but not the absolute change in carnosine (r=-0.28, r2=0.08, P=0.28) or the amount of BA used (r=-0.31, r2=0.10, P=0.22). The estimated amount of ingested BA used for carnosine synthesis was extremely low following 4 weeks of BA supplementation at 6.4 g·day-1. Data suggest that very little of the BA ingested is used for muscle carnosine synthesis and highlights the potential for further work to optimise BA supplementation in humans.
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Perim, Pedro Henrique, André Barroso Heibel, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Bruno Gualano, and Bryan Saunders. "Low efficiency of β-alanine supplementation to increase muscle carnosine." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 34, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.v34i3p357-364.
Full textAbstract:
Supplementation with β-alanine (BA) increases muscle carnosine content, although the amount of BA used for muscle carnosine loading has been suggested to be low. However, methodological issues may have underestimated the amount of BA used. The aim of this study was to determine the estimated amount of BA converted to muscle carnosine, using a retrospective analysis from a 4-week randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of BA supplementation on muscle carnosine content of the m. vastus lateralis. Twenty-five males (age 27±5 years, height 1.74±0.09 m, body mass 77.4±11.5 kg) were supplemented with 6.4 g·day-1 of BA (N=17) or placebo (PL; N=8) for 28 days. Pre- and postsupplementation participants provided a muscle biopsy subsequently analysed for carnosine content using HPLC. Data were analysed using mixed-models and Pearson’s correlations. Muscle carnosine content increased by +11.0±6.7 mmol·kg-1dm (P<0.0001) in BA, with no change in PL (P=0.99). The estimated amount of BA converted to muscle carnosine was 2.1±1.2% (Range: 0.5 to 4.5%) of the total dose ingested. Pearson’s correlations showed that pre-supplementation carnosine was correlated to post-supplementation carnosine in the BA group (r=0.65, r2=0.38, P=0.009), but not the absolute change in carnosine (r=-0.28, r2=0.08, P=0.28) or the amount of BA used (r=-0.31, r2=0.10, P=0.22). The estimated amount of ingested BA used for carnosine synthesis was extremely low following 4 weeks of BA supplementation at 6.4 g·day-1. Data suggest that very little of the BA ingested is used for muscle carnosine synthesis and highlights the potential for further work to optimise BA supplementation in humans.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carnosinol"
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GILARDONI, ETTORE. "AN INTEGRATED PROTEOMIC AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH FOR ELUCIDATING THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HISTIDINE DIPEPTIDES AND SYNTHETIC DERIVATES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/797770.
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β-alanil-L-istidina (carnosina) è un peptide endogeno che possiede innumerevoli
proprietà (chelante dei metalli, antiossidante, sequestrante delle specie reattive
carboniliche). Diversi studi clinici hanno dimostrato un’attività farmacologica della
carnosina in malattie su base ossidative, tuttavia il meccanismo dell’attività in vivo
non è ancora noto. Questo progetto ha come scopo quello di comprendere il
meccanismo in vivo della carnosina. Per far ciò, sono stati sviluppati nuovi metodi
analitici di cromatografia liquida accoppiata a spettrometria di massa per la
quantificazione in campioni biologici dei peptidi istidinici, loro derivati e gli addotti
con le specie reattive carboniliche.
Come prima cosa, un metodo analitico basato su una colonna ad interazione
idrofiliche è stato sviluppato per l’analisi del carnosinolo in matrici biologiche di
modelli animali di sindrome metabolica. La concentrazione di carnosinolo è stata
determinata in diversi tessuti e, per la prima volta, l’addotto carnosinolo-acroleina
è stato identificato in omogenato di fegato. Questo conferma l’attività del
carnosinolo e dei peptidi istidinici come sequestranti delle specie reattive
carboniliche in vivo. Tuttavia, è stata identificata l’instabilità metabolica
dell’addotto carnosinolo-HNE in diversi tessuti. Saranno quindi necessari ulteriori
studi per la caratterizzazione del metabolismo di questi addotti e l’identificazione
della corretta entità chimica da ricercare nelle matrici biologiche come indice
dell’attività sequestrante di carnosina e derivati.
Il metodo basato su colonne ad interazioni idrofiliche è stato anche utilizzato per
sviluppare un metodo a rivelazione diretta per determinare l’attività idrolitica del
siero umano della carnosina. La carnosinasi serica è stata identificata come
principale enzima impiegato nel metabolismo della carnosina. Rispetto ad altri
metodi pubblicati in letteratura, quello sviluppato in questo elaborato si basa su
una determinazione diretta della carnosina, senza dover effettuare processi
complessi di preparazione del campione. I dati ottenuti sono stati convalidati con
dati presenti in letteratura, dimostrando che il nostro metodo risulta essere
affidabile ed accurato. È stato possibile anche condurre esperimenti di
competizione fra substrati naturali e alcune molecole per valutare le principali
interazioni substrato/enzima, con l’obiettivo di identificare inibitori della
carnosinasi. I dati ottenuti sono stati condivisi con colleghi chimici computazionali
che attraverso esperimenti di docking, virtual screening e dinamica molecolare
hanno identificato dei possibili inibitori naturali della carnosinasi serica umana.
Un nuovo meccanismo d’azione della carnosina è stato approfondito, in quanto
recenti pubblicazioni hanno evidenziato un ruolo della carnosina nella prevenzione
della formazione di addotti fra la 3,4-diidrofenilglicolaldeide (DOPEGAL), un
metabolita intermedio del catabolismo della noradrenalina, e le proteine.
La capacità della carnosina di legare covalentemente la DOPEGAL tramite la
formazione di un prodotto di Amadori è stata determinata in vitro e in lisato
cellulare dove la DOPEGAL è stata formata aggiungendo noradrenalina al lisato
enzimaticamente attivo. Studi futuri dovranno caratterizzare la stabilità
metabolica di quest’addotto e le caratteristiche della sua formazione in matrici
biologiche in quanto risulta essere un interessante biomarcatore di tossicità
noradrenalinergica.
In fine è stata valutato l’impatto della carnosina e del carnosinolo sul proteoma di
cellule endoteliali umane derivanti dalla vena ombelicale. È ormai noto che i
farmaci non agiscono unicamente col meccanismo d’azione per il quale sono stati
sviluppati, ma possono interferire con l’espressione delle proteine cellulari,
aumentandone, o diminuendone l’espressione e di conseguenza attivando o
disattivando vie biologiche. Carnosina e carnosinolo non inducono una variazione
nell’espressione delle proteine in cellule sane. Questo conferma la sicurezza delle
molecole, soprattutto prevedendone un uso come terapia cronica. In futuro l’effetto
del trattamento andrà valutato su cellule in condizioni patologiche, per
comprendere se, in queste condizioni, carnosina o carnosinolo riescono a
influenzare vie metaboliche e risposte cellulari.
Sebbene ci siano ancora diverse domande che sono rimaste senza risposta, i dati
ottenuti in questo elaborato hanno portato all’aumento della conoscenza del
meccanismo d’azione di carnosina e derivati e all’identificazione di composti
inibitori della carnosinasi.β-alanil-L-histidine (i.e. carnosine) is an endogenous peptide that have been extensively characterized for a number of in vitro properties (i.e. metal chelating, antioxidant, reactive carbonyl species quenching). Several clinical trials highlighted the potential benefits of carnosine in the treatment of oxidative stress-based diseases, although the in vivo mechanism of action is not known, yet. The research project herein tries to expand upon the in vivo mechanism of action of carnosine. New analytical methods have been developed by means of liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of histidine dipeptides, their derivatives, and the adducts formed with reactive carbonyl species into biospecimens. A first step was the implementation of hydrophilic interaction chromatography to skip some sample preparation steps and to reduce the chance of systematic errors. The method allowed the quantification of carnosine and carnosinol (a carnosine derivative stable to carnosinase) in biospecimens. Carnosinol tissue distribution in animal models of metabolic syndrome was determined and carnosinol-acrolein adduct was detected for the first time in liver matrices. This finding experimentally confirmed the reactive carbonyl species (RCS quenching activity of histidine dipeptides and derivatives in vivo. However, the metabolic instability of carnosinolHNE adduct was proved and such an evidence requires further studies aiming at understanding the metabolic fate of RCS-adducts to characterize their disposal. Subsequently, a new method for the measurement of carnosine hydrolysis in serum was developed as well. Human serum carnosinase has been identified as the enzyme responsible for such an activity. Compared to other published assays, the method employs a direct detection of the substrate and the use of less sample. Competition experiments with either natural derivatives or other molecules were set to identify hit compounds acting as carnosinase inhibitors. The collected data were shared with computational chemists who identified putative hit compounds via docking, virtual screening, and molecular dynamic approaches. Furthermore, a novel carnosine mechanism of action was studied starting from the evidence that carnosine can prevent the formation of protein adducts with 3,4- dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL) (i.e. an aldehyde intermediate of norepinephrine metabolism). This could be relevant for the in vivo mode of action of carnosine since DOPEGAL can accumulate in cells because of oxidative stress and as it covalently binds proteins, it can alter their structures and functions. Carnosine quenching activity via the formation of an Amadori product with DOPEGAL was determined in vitro and in cell lysates producing DOPEGAL from enzymatic transformation of norepinephrine. Future studies should be done to characterize the metabolic stability of the adduct and its formation in biospecimens as potential biomarker of norepinephrine toxicity. Finally, the project included proteomics studies on human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) to assess the impact of carnosine and carnosinol on protein expression. It is widely recognized that drugs exert their pharmacological effects also by an alteration of biological pathways by modifying protein expression. Carnosine and carnosinol have little or no impact on protein expression as detectable on proteome or secretome of healthy endothelial cells. In the future the impact on pathological cells should be carried out as well. These data support the hypothesis of a low toxicity for these molecules, making them suitable candidates for a chronic administration. Although a lot of questions are still unanswered, these data have given new insights in the mechanism of action of carnosine and in the discovery of molecules acting either as carnosine-like compounds or as carnosinase inhibitors.
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Painelli, Vitor de Salles. "Efeitos de 12 semanas de treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade sobre as concentrações intramusculares de carnosina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-30112017-111317/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A carnosina é um dipeptídeo com capacidade tamponante presente no músculo esquelético, que pode ser obtido pela ingestão de carnes. Estudos transversais relatam que atletas engajados em exercícios de alta intensidade possuem um maior conteúdo de carnosina muscular (CarnM) comparados a destreinados, sugerindo que o treinamento pode modular a CarnM, apesar da ausência de estudos longitudinais. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos do treinamento intermitente (TI) de alta intensidade sobre a CarnM e seus genes associados. MÉTODOS: Vinte homens saudáveis e vegetarianos (eliminando a influência da dieta) foram pareados pelo consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), e aleatoriamente designados a um grupo Controle (C, N=10) ou Treinado (T, N=10). O grupo T realizou TI em cicloergômetro 3 dias por semana durante 12 semanas, com progressão do volume (6-12 séries) e intensidade (140-170% do limiar de lactato [LL]). O grupo C manteve a rotina habitual. Antes e após a intervenção, biópsias musculares foram realizadas para a determinação da CarnM, da expressão de genes relacionados à CarnM e da capacidade tamponante muscular in vitro (βΜinvitro). Foram realizados teste de Wingate e VO2máx para a avaliação do trabalho total (TT), do VO2máx, dos limiares ventilatórios (LV) e do LL. Foi conduzido o Modelo Misto para análise dos dados. RESULTADOS: Um efeito de interação foi observado para CarnM (F = 4.72; P=0.04), com aumentos significantes para o grupo T (Pré: 15.8±5.7 e Pós: 20.6±5.3 mmoL/kg músculo seco; +36.0%, P=0.01) e nenhuma alteração no grupo C (Pré: 14.3±5.3 e Pós: 15.0±4.9 mmoL/Kg músculo seco; +6.3%, P=0.99). Houve melhora no TT, LV, LL, VO2máx e βΜinvitro no grupo T (todos P<0.05), mas sem mudanças no grupo C (P>0.05). Não houve alteração na expressão gênica das enzimas e transportadores avaliados nos grupos T ou C. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que o TI pode aumentar a CarnM, sem alterar os seus genes. Tal aumento, associado ao da βΜinvitro, pode ajudar a explicar o potente efeito deste tipo de treino sobre a aptidão física e cardiorrespiratóriaINTRODUCTION: Carnosine is a dipeptide with buffering capacity present within the skeletal muscle, which can be obtained by meat ingestion. Cross-sectional studies report that athletes engaged in high-intensity exercises have a greater muscle carnosine (MCarn) content compared to their untrained counterparts, suggesting that exercise training can modulate MCarn, despite of the absence of longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on CarnM and its associated genes. METHODS: Twenty healthy and vegetarian men (eliminating dietary influences) were matched by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2máx), and randomly assigned to a Control (C, N = 10) or Trained (T, N = 10) group. The T group performed HIIT on cycle ergometer 3 days per week for 12 weeks, with progressive volume (6-12 series) and intensity (140-170% lactate threshold [LT]). The C group kept their usual routine. Prior to the intervention, muscle biopsies were performed for MCarn determination, expression MCarn-related genes and the muscle buffering capacity in vitro (βΜinvitro). Wingate and VO2máx tests were performed to evaluate total work done (TWD), VO2máx, ventilatory thresholds (VT) and LT. The Mixed Model was conducted for data analysis. RESULTS: An interaction effect was observed for MCarn (F = 4.72, P = 0.04), with significant increases for the T group (Pre: 15.8 ± 5.7 and Post: 20.6 ± 5.0 mmoL.kg-1 dry muscle; +36%; P = 0.01), but not in C (Pre: 14.3 ± 5.3 and Post: 15.0 ± 4.9 mmoL.kg-1 dry muscle; +6.3%, P = 0.99). There was no change in the gene expression of the enzymes and transporters evaluated in the T or C groups. There was an improvement in TWD, VT, LT, VO2máx and βΜinvitro in the T group (all P<0.05), but no changes in C (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that HIIT can increase MCarn without altering its genes. This increase, associated with βΜinvitro, may help to explain the potent effect of this type of training on physical and cardiorespiratory fitness
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Oppermann, Henry. "Untersuchungen zur Regulation des Glucosestoffwechsels in Glioblastomen und dessen Beeinflussung durch Carnosin." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-165673.
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Das Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) ist der am häufigsten vorkommende maligne Hirntumor
mit äußerst ungünstiger Prognose für die betroffenen Patienten. Typisch für die Tumore ist
eine hohe Aktivität der Glykolyse zur Generierung von ATP und zur Bereitstellung von
Makromolekülen für die Zellproliferation, während die oxidative Phosphorylierung auch in
Gegenwart von Sauerstoff praktisch keine Bedeutung für die Generation von ATP hat, was
auch als Warburg Effekt bekannt ist. Das natürlich vorkommende Carnosin (β-Alanyl-LHistidin)
wirkt sich antiproliferativ auf Tumorzellen aus, was mit einer Inhibition der
glykolytischen ATP Produktion einhergeht. Der Mechanismus der Inhibition ist weitgehend
unverstanden und ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit.
Im Rahmen der durchgeführten Arbeit wurde der Einfluss von Carnosin auf die mRNA
Expressionen von für die Glykolyse relevanten Genen untersucht, wobei eine starke
Induktion der Pyruvatdehydrogenase Kinase (PDK) 4 in drei GBM Zelllinien beobachtet
wurde. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass L-Histidin den gleichen Effekt wie Carnosin
zeigt, nicht jedoch β-Alanin, L-Alanin oder L-Alanyl-L-Histidin. Da Tumorzellen die
intrazelluläre Gewebscarnosinase aber kaum die extrazelluläre Serumcarnosinase
exprimieren, liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass die antineoplastische Wirkung des Carnosins
auf die enzymatische Spaltung von Carnosin und die daraus resultierende Freisetzung von
L-Histidin zurückzuführen ist. In weiteren Untersuchungen wurden Hinweise erbracht, dass
Carnosin durch eine Beeinflussung von Histon-Deacetylasen, die endogene PDK4 mRNA
Expression steigern könnte. Zusätzlich wurden die Proteinexpressionen der PDK1 und 4
unter dem Einfluss von Carnosin untersucht.
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Asperger, Ansgar Karl Adam. "Biochemische Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Carnosin auf das Wachstum humaner Glioblastomzellen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-65568.
Full textAbstract:
Das Glioblastom ist mit 70 % aller Gliome der häufigste humane Hirntumor mit sehr ungünstiger Prognose. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das natürlich vorkommende Dipeptid Carnosin (β-Alanyl-L-histidin) die Proliferation von Glioblastomzellen inhibiert. Diese Wirkung des Carnosins konnte ebenfalls in vivo nachgewiesen werden. Da Carnosin auch einen Einfluss auf den ATP-Haushalt der Glioblastomzellen besitzt, war das Ziel dieser Arbeit einen Wirkungsort von Carnosin zu identifizieren, womit die ATP mindernden und proliferationshemmenden Eigenschaften erklärt werden können.
Es wurde untersucht, ob Carnosin den Energiemetabolismus der Glioblastome beeinflusst. Dabei konnte mithilfe zellbiochemischer Methoden gezeigt werden, dass die untersuchten Zelllinien nicht von der Energieversorgung durch die mitochondriale oxidative Phosphorylierung abhängen, da sich weder Hemmung (KCN) noch Entkopplung (DNP) der Elektronentransportkette auf den zellulären ATP-Gehalt auswirkten. Carnosin hingegen verringerte den ATP-Spiegel dieser Zellen. Die Hemmung der Glykolyse durch Oxamat (LDH-Hemmung), bewirkte einen starken Abfall des intrazellulären ATP-Spiegels, worauf Carnosin keinen zusätzlichen Effekt mehr besaß. Carnosin konnte eine Wirkung auf die glykolytische ATP-Synthese zugesprochen werden.
Da ein direkter, molekularer Wirkungsort auf diesem Weg nicht identifiziert werden konnte, wurde parallel untersucht, ob sich über Proteomanalysen der Glioblastomzelllinie T98G ein Wirkungsort, bzw. -mechanismus bestimmen lässt. Anhand der Methode der zweidimensionalen Gelelektrophorese (2D-GE) konnten 31 signifikant differenziell exprimierte Proteine detektiert werden, von denen 6 Proteine (VBP-1, OLA-1, TALDO 1, UROD, BAG-2, GRPEL1) über MALDI-TOF-Analysen identifiziert wurden. In Western-Blot-Analysen konnte ein Protein (VBP-1), neben T98G, auch in primären Glioblastomzelllinien als differenziell exprimiert nachgewiesen werden. Anhand der zellbiologischen und proteinbiochemischen Untersuchungen konnte einerseits eine Verbindung des Carnosins zum HIF1α-Signalweg und andererseits zur generellen posttranslationalen Peptidprozessierung hergestellt werden. Der direkte Nachweis eines Einflusses von Carnosin auf HIF1α wurde aber bisher nicht erbracht.
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Painelli, Vitor de Salles. "Influência do estado de treinamento sobre o desempenho físico em resposta à suplementação de beta-alanina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-07072014-155832/.
Full textAbstract:
Estudos recentes têm demonstrado que a suplementação de beta-alanina (BA) pode melhorar o desempenho físico. O mecanismo proposto para tal resultado envolve o aumento das concentrações intramusculares de carnosina, um dipeptídeo cuja função mais bem atribuída é a de manutenção do equilíbrio ácido-básico. Apesar do emergente corpo literário acerca dos efeitos ergogênicos da suplementação de BA, a maior parte das evidências provém de estudos conduzidos com indivíduos não treinados ou fisicamente ativos, enquanto os estudos com indivíduos treinados são escassos, e seus resultados, controversos. Tem sido especulado que a diferença na capacidade tamponante muscular entre indivíduos treinados e não treinados é um possível fator mascarando o efeito ergogênico da suplementação de BA em indivíduos treinados, já que têm sido demonstrado que este perfil de indivíduos possui maior capacidade tamponante e conteúdo muscular de carnosina. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a influência do estado de treinamento sobre o desempenho físico intermitente de membros inferiores em resposta à suplementação de BA. Para tanto, 40 homens jovens e saudáveis foram recrutados para participar do estudo, e divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o seu estado de treinamento [ciclistas treinados (T) ou indivíduos não treinados (NT)]. Os participantes foram aleatoriamente designados a um grupo suplementado com BA ou placebo (dextrose - PL), provendo quatro condições experimentais: NTPL, NTBA, TPL e TBA. A suplementação foi realizada com a ingestão de 6.4 gramas de BA ou PL por dia, durante 4 semanas. Antes e após o período de suplementação, os participantes completaram 4 séries do teste de Wingate para membro inferior, com 30 segundos de duração cada uma e 3 minutos de descanso entre elas. O trabalho total realizado foi significantemente aumentado após o período de suplementação em ambos os grupos NTBA (+1349 ± 1411 kJ; P = 0.03) e TBA (+1978 ± 1508 kJ; P = 0.002), foi significantemente reduzido no grupo NTPL (-1385 ± 2815 kJ; P = 0.03), e não se alterou no grupo TPL (-219 ± 1507 kJ; P = 0.73). Comparada ao período pré-suplementação, a potência média no período pós-suplementação foi significantemente maior na série 4 para o grupo NTBA (P = 0.0004), enquanto a mesma foi maior nas séries 1, 2 e 4 (P <= 0.05) para o grupo TBA. Não foram observadas diferenças na potência média entre o período pré- e pós-suplementação para os grupos NTPL e TPL. Em conclusão, quatro semanas de suplementação de BA foram efetivas em melhorar o desempenho físico intermitente de membros inferiores em ambos os participantes treinados e não treinados. Estes dados ressaltam a eficácia ergogênica da suplementação de BA para exercícios de alta-intensidade, independentemente do estado de treinamento do indivíduoRecent studies have demonstrated that beta-alanine (BA) supplementation can improve performance. The proposed mechanisms for this result involve an increased muscle carnosine content, a dipeptide whose function is attributed to the maintenance of acid-base balance. Even though the body of evidence surrounding the ergogenic effects of BA supplementation is increasing, most of the evidences come from studies conducted with physically active or untrained individuals, while studies with trained participants are scarce, and their results, controversial. It has been speculated that the difference in muscle buffering capacity between trained and untrained individuals is a possible factor masking the ergogenic effect of BA supplementation in trained individuals, who have already been demonstrated to have greater buffering capacity and muscle carnosine content. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of training status on intermittent lower-body performance in response to BA supplementation. For this purpose, forty young males were divided into two groups according to their training status (trained - T, and untrained - NT cyclists). Participants were further randomly allocated to BA or placebo (dextrose - PL) groups, providing four experimental conditions: NTPL, NTBA, TPL, TBA. BA or PL was ingested by 6.4 g·d-1, during for 4 weeks. Before and after the supplementation period, participants completed four 30-seconds lower-body Wingate bouts, separated by 3 minutes. Total work done was significantly increased following supplementation in both NTBA (+1349 ± 1411 kJ; P = 0.03) and TBA (+1978 ± 1508 kJ; P = 0.002), and it was significantly reduced in NTPL (-1385 ± 2815 kJ; P = 0.03) with no difference for TPL (-219 ± 1507 kJ; P = 0.73). Compared to pre-supplementation, post-supplementation mean power output was significantly higher in bout 4 for NTBA (P = 0.0004), and higher in bouts 1, 2 and 4 (P <= 0.05) for TBA. No differences were observed in mean power output for NTPL and TPL from pre- to post-supplementation period. In conclusion, four weeks of BA supplementation was effective at improving intermittent lower-body performance in both untrained and trained individuals. These data highlight the efficacy of BA as an ergogenic aid for high-intensity exercise regardless of the training status of the individual
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Rocha, Carolina Camargo. "Identificação e quantificação da carnosina no plasma seminal, características seminais e congelabilidade do sêmen de garanhões." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-17052017-145008/.
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A criação de equinos tem se desenvolvido ativamente no Brasil. Assim, o interesse dos proprietários em biotecnologias reprodutivas equinos vem aumentando. Entretanto, o sêmen equino tem baixa tolerância à criopreservação comparada com outras espécies, sendo o estresse oxidativo um entrave por seus efeitos deletérios sobre a célula espermática. Neste contexto, o plasma seminal possui antioxidantes que promovem um papel importante na proteção do espermatozoide. Porém o, durante o processo de criopreservação, o plasma seminal é retirado. Em estudo anterior verificamos que, na ausência do plasma seminal os espermatozoides equinos tornam-se mais susceptíveis ao estresse oxidativo, principalmente causado pelo malondialdeído (MDA), subproduto da oxidação de lipídeos. Um dos motivos para este resultado seria a retirada da carnosina, um dos principais antioxidantes responsáveis pela proteção contra o acúmulo de MDA e seus efeitos deletérios, presente no plasma seminal. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar e quantificar carnosina no plasma seminal de garanhões e comparar as características seminais em diferentes grupos de bons e maus refrigeradores e congeladores, baseando-se na análise da motilidade posterior ao processo de refrigeração e congelação. Foram colhidos dois ejaculados de quarenta garanhões (idades entre 4 e 16 anos de idade). As variáveis analisadas foram cinética espermática pelo sistema CASA, avaliação funcional (coloração de eosina-nigrosina para membranas, fast-green/rosa bengala para acrossomos, coloração 3-3diaminobenzidina para atividade mitocondrial e SCSA™ para susceptibilidade a denaturação de cromatina) e avaliação do índice de peroxidação lipídica (TBARS) do espermatozoide e do plasma seminal. Também foram realizadas análises da integridade de membranas plasmática e acrossomal, e potencial de atividade mitocondrial pelas sondas fluorescentes PI, Hoescht 33342, FITC-PSA e JC-1 além da produção de (ROS) pelo espermatozoide com a sonda fluorescente CellRox. A carnosina do plasma seminal foi mensurada utilizando kit de ELISA Biomatik® comercial. Foram comparados os grupos bons e maus refrigeradores, e bons e maus congeladores (p≤0,05). Verificamos uma maior concentração de carnosina nos bons refrigeradores em relação aos que refrigeraram mau. Isso pode ter ocorrido pela maior concentração de TBARS no plasma seminal destes animais, possivelmente por um efeito fisiológico de reações de oxidação. Além disto, os bons refrigeradores apresentaram porcentagens significativamente maiores de células com alta atividade mitocondrial, acrossomo intacto e membrana intacta sugerindo um efeito benéfico da carnosina. Em relação ao efeito da congelação do sêmen, não foi observada diferença na concentração de carnosina entre os que congelaram bem ou não. Este resultado era esperado uma vez que, durante o processo de criopreservação do sêmen equino o plasma seminal é retirado. De fato, a maior porcentagem de células com lesão mitocondrial, de membrana e DNA lesado nos maus congeladores e as correlações entre as lesões e o estresse oxidativo pode indicar um mecanismo mitocondrial de geração de estresse oxidativo e consequente lesão das estruturas celulares. Conclui-se que a carnosina apresentou efeito protetor durante a refrigeração espermática protegendo contra injúrias causadas pela mesma e consequentemente é um dos fatores que melhora a qualidade espermática após 24 horas de refrigeração.Equine breeding has been actively developing in Brazil, leading to increased interest in reproductive biotechnology. However, there is a limitation due to a tolerance of some stallions to cryopreservation, especially when compared to other species. In this context, oxidative stress represents an obstacle due to its deleterious effects on equine sperm. To counterattack such effect, seminal plasma has antioxidants that play an important role in protecting the sperm. However, during the cryopreservation process, the seminal plasma is withdrawn. In a previous study we verified that, in the absence of seminal plasma, equine spermatozoa are more susceptible to oxidative stress, mainly caused by malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid oxidation. One of the reasons for this result would be the removal of carnosine present in the seminal plasma, one of the main antioxidants responsible for protection against the MDA accumulation and its deleterious effects. The objective of the present study was to identify and quantify carnosine in the seminal plasma of stallions and to compare the seminal characteristics in different groups of sperm samples with high and low tolerance to the cryopreservation or cooling, based on analysis of total motility after these processes. Two ejaculates of forty stallions (N= 80; ages between 4 and 16 years old) were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into two aliquots, one submitted to a 24h cooling and the other submitted to cryopreservation. The variables analyzed were: Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA system), functional evaluation (eosin-nigrosin stain for membranes, fast-green/rose bengal for acrosomes, 3-3\'diaminobenzidine staining for mitochondrial activity and SCSA™ for susceptibility to chromatin denaturation) and lipid peroxidation index (TBARS assay) of sperm and seminal plasma. Furthermore, plasma and acrossomal membranes integrities and mitochondrial membrane potential were also analyzed using the fluorescence probes PI, Hoescht 33342, FITC-PSA, JC-1 and ROS detection by CellRox fluorescent probes. Carnosine from the seminal plasma was measured using commercial Biomatik® ELISA kit. Thus, samples with high and low tolerance were compared (p≤0.05). We found a higher concentration of carnosine in good cooler compared to those showing low motility. This may have occurred in response to the higher concentration of TBARS in the seminal plasma of these animals, possibly due to a physiological effect of oxidation reactions. In addition, good coolers presented significantly higher percentages of cells with high mitochondrial activity, intact acrosome and intact membrane suggesting a beneficial effect of carnosine. Regarding the effect cryopreservation, no difference was observed between those with high and low post-thaw motility. This result was expected since, during the cryopreservation process of equine semen, the seminal plasma is removed. In fact, the higher percentage of cells with mitochondrial lesions, damaged membrane and fragmented DNA in bad freezers and the correlations between lesions and oxidative stress may indicate a mitochondrial mechanism of oxidative stress generation and consequent lesion of cellular structures. In conclusion, carnosine had a protective effect during sperm cooling, protecting against damages being probably one of the factors that improves sperm quality after 24 hours of refrigeration.
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Mangoni, Ana Paula. "Materiais híbridos baseados em argilas catiônicas e espécies com potencial terapêutico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-30042014-141506/.
Full textAbstract:
Os argilominerais são empregados na área farmacêutica e cosmética tanto como excipientes quanto ingredientes ativos. Esses compostos inorgânicos são inertes quimicamente, apresentam estruturas definidas e alta estabilidade térmica, o que contribui para o uso nessas áreas. Atualmente a indústria farmacêutica busca modificações no sistema de entrega de drogas (melhorias no tempo, local e taxa de liberação), objetivando um aumento na estabilidade das drogas e a prevenção e diminuição de efeitos colaterais. Nesse sentido, surge a necessidade de desenvolver novas formulações farmacêuticas, novos métodos de preparação e novos materiais. Considerando o fato dos argilominerais incorporarem espécies diversas entre suas lamelas, é interessante explorar a possibilidade de uso dessas matrizes inorgânicas como carregadores de espécies bioativas. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar argilas de uso farmacêutico e/ou cosmético intercaladas com espécies que apresentam potencial terapêutico. Para tanto, usou-se duas argilas esmectitas naturais do tipo montmorilonita (Cloisita Sódica e Veegum HS) e uma esmectita sintética do tipo hectorita (Laponita RD). Os aminoácidos L-lisina, L-arginina e L-ornitina, e o dipeptídeo L-carnosina foram imobilizados em argilas catiônicas, por meio de reação de troca iônica. Na preparação dos materiais híbridos, alguns parâmetros experimentais foram avaliados: concentração hidrogeniônica (pH) da suspensão de reação, proporção argila/aminoácido e tempo de reação. As argilas precursoras e os materiais híbridos obtidos foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios X, espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho e Raman, análise termogravimétrica acoplada à espectrometria de massas e análise química de carbono. Os valores de distância interlamelar (d(001)) dos materiais sugerem que a cadeia carbônica das espécies orgânicas se orienta paralelamente em relação às lamelas de baixa densidade de carga dos argilominerais. Nos espectros vibracionais na região do infravermelho há predominância das bandas características da estrutura inorgânica, mas as bandas entre 1800 e 1400 cm-1 relativas aos grupos funcionais do aminoácido permitem inferir sobre o seu grau de protonação no material híbrido. A acidez de Brönsted gerada pela polarização das moléculas de água associadas à argila foi observada para as montmorilonitas empregadas neste estudo. Amostras preparadas em suspensões nas quais o valor do pH era maior que o valor da primeira constante ácida (pKa1) dos aminoácidos apresentam bandas atribuídas ao estiramento C=O de grupo carboxilato protonado. Os espectros Raman foram obtidos apenas para a argila sintética, uma vez que as naturais apresentam luminescência. O espectro Raman da L-carnosina imobilizada em Laponita indica a presença preponderante da espécie zwitteriônica; o deslocamento das bandas atribuídas aos grupos amida e carboxílico do dipeptídeo para região de menor energia sugere a formação de ligações de hidrogênio com os grupos silanol da Laponita. Os resultados de análise termogravimétrica acoplada à espectrometria de massas dos materiais híbridos são distintos daqueles observados para os aminoácidos livres. A temperatura de início de decomposição das espécies orgânicas não é praticamente modificada após imobilização nas argilas, mas os processos térmicos se estendem até regiões de maior temperatura, evidenciando a influência da estrutura inorgânica sobre a decomposição térmica dos aminoácidos. Através dos dados de quantidade de carbono e de água nas amostras, calculou-se a concentração de aminoácidos nos materiais híbridos (massa de aminoácido / 100 gramas de material). As maiores concentrações de aminoácido (entre seis e oito por cento) foram observadas para as amostras de Cloisita e Veegum HS, isoladas em condições nas quais predomina a interação eletrostática entre as lamelas e os aminoácidos com carga positiva. Nas condições experimentais empregadas neste trabalho não foi observada a saturação das argilas com os aminoácidos, ou seja, as cargas das lamelas não foram totalmente neutralizadas pelos íons orgânicos.Clay minerals are used as excipients or active ingredients in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. These inorganic compounds are chemically inert, have defined structures and high thermal stability, which make them useful for these areas. Currently the pharmaceutical industry seeks modifications in the drug delivery systems (improvements in the time, place and rate of release), aiming an increase in the stability of the drugs and also the prevention and reduction of side effects. In this way, it is a need to develop new pharmaceutical formulations, new preparation methods and new materials. Considering the fact that clay minerals incorporate various species between their layers, it is interesting to explore the possibility of using these inorganic matrices as carriers of bioactive species. The main aim of this work was to prepare and characterize clays of pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic usage intercalated with species of therapeutic potential. Two natural smectite clays of montmorillonite type (Sodium Cloisite and Veegum HS) and one synthetic smectite of hectorite type (Laponita RD) were employed. The amino acids L-lysine, L-arginine and L-ornithine, and the L-carnosine dipeptide were immobilized on cationic clays by ion exchange reaction. Some experimental parameters were evaluated in the preparation of hybrid materials: hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of reaction suspension, clay/amino acid proportion and reaction time. Pristine clays and hybrid materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman vibrational spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analyses coupled to mass spectrometry and chemical analysis of carbon. The materials values of interlayer distance (d(001)) suggest that the carbon chain of the organic species is oriented parallel to the layers of clay minerals. The infrared vibrational spectra are dominated by the inorganic structure bands; however the bands between 1800 and 1400 cm-1 related to the functional groups of the amino acid allow to infer about the protonation degree in the hybrid material. The Brönsted acidity generated by the polarization of water molecules associated with the clay was observed for montmorillonite samples used in this study. Materials prepared in suspensions in which the pH value was greater than the value of the first acid constant (pKa1) show bands assigned to the C=O stretching of protonated carboxylate group. Raman spectra were obtained only for the synthetic clay, since the natural ones luminesce. Raman spectrum of L-carnosine immobilized on Laponita indicates the presence of mostly zwitterionic species; the displacement of bands assigned to amide and carboxylic groups of the dipeptide to the lower energy region suggests the formation of hydrogen bonds with the Laponita silanol groups. The results of thermogravimetric analyses coupled to mass spectrometry of hybrid materials are different from those observed for the free amino acids. The onset temperature of the organic species decomposition is practically unmodified after the immobilization on clays, but thermal processes are postponed up to higher temperature, revealing the inorganic structure influence on the amino acids thermal decomposition. Data on the carbon and water amounts in the samples were used to calculate the concentration of amino acids in the hybrid materials (mass of amino acid / 100 grams of material). The highest concentrations of amino acid (between six and eight percent) was observed for Cloisite and Veegum HS samples, isolated under conditions in which the electrostatic interaction between the layers and the positively charged amino acids are predominant. Under the experimental conditions employed in this study no saturation of clay with amino acids was observed, i.e. the layer charges were not completely neutralized by the organic ions.
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Milioni, Fabio. "Influência da suplementação de β-alanina associada ao treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade no desempenho de sprints repetidos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157220.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo da presente tese foi verificar a influência da suplementação de β-Alanina associado ao treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) na performance de sprints repetidos. Participaram do estudo conduzido em caráter randomizado e duplo-cego, 20 jovens saudáveis alocados em dois grupos (Gβ [n = 10] – 6,4 g.dia-1 de β-Alanina; GP [n = 10] – 6,4 g.dia-1 de dextrose - placebo). Os participantes foram avaliados em três momentos distintos, previamente ao início, após quatro semanas de HIIT sem suplementação e após 6 semanas de suplementação + HIIT. As avaliações foram compostas por teste incremental até exaustão (TINC); séries de 12 sprints repetidos (RSA); e teste de tempo limite até exaustão a 115% da velocidade máxima atingida no TINC (TLIM). Previamente e imediatamente após TINC e RSA foram realizadas avaliações neuromusculares compostas por saltos verticais máximos, contrações isométricas máximas de extensão de joelho e estimulação elétrica periférica. O HIIT foi composto de dez corridas de 1 min a 90% da velocidade máxima atingida no TINC, com 1 min de recuperação passiva entre as corridas e frequência de 3 sessões semanais. Previamente ao início da suplementação + HIIT e ao final da intervenção, os participantes foram submetidos a biópsias musculares para determinação do conteúdo de carnosina intramuscular, capacidade de tamponamento in vitro e conteúdo de proteínas/enzimas chaves. Após a intervenção, ambos os grupos melhoraram o metabolismo oxidativo (i.e., consumo máximo de oxigênio), entretanto, somente o Gβ melhorou significativamente o conteúdo de carnosina intramuscular e as variáveis do RSA além de apresentar atenuação da fadiga neuromuscular induzida pelo RSA. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na capacidade anaeróbia, capacidade de tamponamento in vitro e conteúdo de proteínas/enzimas chaves. Dessa forma, a associação entre suplementação de β-Alanina e HIIT proporcionou melhora significativa do desempenho de sprints repetidos.
The aim of the present thesis was to verify the influence of β-Alanine supplementation associated with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the performance of repeated sprints. The study was conducted in a randomized, double-blind design and 20 healthy young men were allocated in two groups (Gβ [n = 10] - 6.4 g.day-1 of β-Alanine; GP [n = 10] - 6.4 g.day-1 of dextrose – placebo). The participants were evaluated at three different moments, prior to beginning, after four weeks of HIIT without supplementation and after 6 weeks of supplementation + HIIT. The evaluations were composed by incremental test until exhaustion (TINC); set of 12 repeated sprints (RSA); and time-to-exhaustion test at 115% of the maximum velocity achieved in TINC (TLIM). Previously and immediately after TINC and RSA, neuromuscular evaluations were performed, consisting of maximum vertical jumps, maximal voluntary isometric contractions of knee extension and peripheral electrical stimulation. The HIIT was composed by ten runs of 1-min at 90% of the maximum velocity achieved in TINC, with 1-min of passive recovery between runs and frequency of 3 sessions per week. Prior to the initiation of supplementation + HIIT and at the end of the intervention, the participants underwent muscle biopsies to determine intramuscular carnosine content, muscle buffer capacity in vitro and key protein/enzyme content. After the intervention, both groups improved oxidative metabolism (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake), however, only Gβ significantly improved the intramuscular carnosine content and the RSA variables; in addition to presenting attenuation of the neuromuscular fatigue induced by the RSA. No significant differences were observed in anaerobic capacity, muscle buffer capacity in vitro and key protein/enzyme content. Thus, the association between β-Alanine supplementation and HIIT provided significant improvement in repeated sprints performance.
2016/02683-6
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Brisola, Gabriel Motta Pinheiro [UNESP]. "Efeitos da suplementação de β-alanina sobre a potência anaeróbia, habilidade de esforços repetidos e desempenho no polo aquático." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144686.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi verificar o potencial ergogênico da suplementação por 4 semanas de β-alanina sobre a potência anaeróbia, habilidade de esforços repetidos e desempenho no polo aquático. 22 jogadores de elite do sexo masculino (média±dp: idade = 18±4 anos, peso = 78,5±9,5 kg e altura = 1,79±0,06 m) participaram do estudo, que foi conduzido de modo randomizado, duplo cego e placebo controlado. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (β-alanina e placebo) de 11 atletas cada e foram submetidos a testes específicos (teste de habilidade de esforços repetidos (RSA) e teste máximo de 30s de salto sob o gol (30CJ)) e semi-específicos (teste de 30s máximo em nado atado (30ATADO), teste máximo de 3 minutos (All Out 3min), teste incremental máximo (GXTATADO) e performance de 200m em nado crawl (P200m)) para a modalidade e um jogo simulado para possibilitar o rastreamento das atividades realizadas por meio de filmagem. As avaliações ocorreram pré e após o período de suplementação (4 semanas). Não foram encontrados efeitos significativos de interação entre os grupos para nenhuma variável do presente estudo. No entanto, alguns ligeiros indícios de melhora com a suplementação de β-alanina foram encontrados como: (1) melhora significativa entre os momentos (pré × pós) no número total de sprints durante o jogo simulado de polo aquático; (2) efeito provavelmente benéfico (análise de inferência baseada na magnitude) para o tempo médio, pior tempo e tempo total na primeira série do teste de RSA (RSA1); (3) melhora significativa entre os momentos na força média e integral de força durante o teste 30ATADO e na P200m; (4) melhora significativa entre os momentos na força pico no teste GXTATADO. Portanto, conclui-se que a suplementação por 4 semanas de β-alanina pode promover apenas melhorar ligeiramente alguns parâmetros relacionados a habilidade de nado no polo aquático como número total de sprints em jogo simulado, tempo médio, pior tempo e tempo total no teste de RSA, força média e integral de força no 30ATADO, P200m e força crítica no GXTATADO.
The overall aim of this study was to investigate the ergogenic effect of 4 weeks β-alanine supplementation on the anaerobic power, ability to performed repeated efforts and performance of water polo. 22 male elite players (mean±SD age = 18±4 years, weight = 78.5±9.5 kg and height = 1.79±0.06 m) participated in the study, which was conducted in order randomized, double blind and placebo controlled. Participants were divided into two groups (β-alanine and placebo) of 11 athletes each and were subjected to specific tests (repeated sprint ability test (RSA) and maximum 30s jump under the goal test (30CJ)) and semi-specific (30s maximal test in tethered swimming (30TS), maximal 3 min effort (AllOut-3min), tethered swimming graded exercise test (GXTTS) and 200m in front crawl (P200m)) for the modality and a simulated game to enable tracking of the activities carried out by video record. Assessments occurred before and after the supplementation period (4 weeks). There were no significant interaction effects between the groups for any variable of this study. However, some slight improvement indications with β-alanine supplementation were found to: (1) significant improvement between moments (pre × post) the total number of sprints during the simulated game water polo; (2) probably beneficial effect (magnitude-based inference analysis) for the mean time, worst time and total time in the first series of the RSA test (RSA1); (3) significant improvement between moments for mean force and integral of force during the 30TS and P200m; (4) significant improvement between moments for peak power at GXTTS. Therefore, it is concluded that supplementation for 4 weeks of β-alanine can promote only slightly improve some parameters related to swimming ability in water polo as total number of sprints in simulated game, mean time, worst time and total time on test RSA, mean and integral of force in 30TS, P200m and critical force in GXTTS.
FAPESP: 2014/02186-7
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Kawai, Giulia Kiyomi Vechiato. "Efeito da carnosina na prevenção de crioinjúrias no sêmen de garanhões bons e maus congeladores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-04052017-104658/.
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As espécies reativas de oxigênio são fundamentais na fisiologia espermática. No entanto, um desequilíbrio entre a produção e a capacidade antioxidante caracteriza o estresse oxidativo (EO). O espermatozoide é extremamente suscetível ao EO pois, dentre outras características, a membrana plasmática é rica em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados responsáveis por promoverem a fluidez necessária em processos fisiológicos como motilidade e fertilização. Por outro lado, essas insaturações são mais facilmente oxidadas e vulneráveis à peroxidação lipídica. Em função desta susceptibilidade, estas células dependem fortemente de compostos presentes no plasma seminal (PS) para a proteção contra esse evento. Dessa forma, a carnosina, dipeptídeo presente no PS pode ser uma das responsáveis pela proteção contra o acúmulo do MDA. No entanto, durante a criopreservação do sêmen equino é necessário retirar o PS. Em estudo recente, verificamos que esta remoção, torna os espermatozoides sensíveis ao subproduto extremamente deletério da peroxidação lipídica, o malondialdeído (MDA). Como a carnosina é removida junto com o plasma seminal durante a criopreservação, foram desenvolvidos 2 experimentos sequenciais visando a melhora da qualidade do sêmen criopreservado com adição de carnosina. Amostras de sêmen de sete garanhões foram tratadas com concentrações crescentes de carnosina adicionadas ao diluidor (1mM, 50mM e 100mM). Após a descongelação, as amostras foram divididas retrospectivamente em grupos de alta congelabilidade (AC: motilidade maior que 30%) e baixa congelabilidade (BC: motilidade menor que 30%). Amostras tratadas com 50mM apresentaram menor porcentagem de células com lesão de membrana plasmática e, quando tratadas com 100mM, células com maior amplitude do deslocamento lateral de cabeça. Amostras controle BC apresentaram menor porcentagem de células com DNA íntegro em relação às amostras AC. No entanto, houve um leve aumento na porcentagem de células com DNA íntegro em amostras BC com 100mM, não diferindo das amostras AC. Por outro lado, amostras BC criopreservadas com 50mM apresentaram maiores porcentagens de células com escore calculado de potencial de membrana mitocondrial e mais suscetíveis ao EO em relação ao controle. Apesar da proteção parcial, a maior suscetibilidade à peroxidação lipídica torna-se um problema, especialmente pelo fato de que espermatozoides equinos são mais suscetíveis ao MDA. Um motivo para este efeito seria a afinidade da carnosina em reagir com açúcares, o que poderia influenciar negativamente a atividade mitocondrial e o status oxidativo, ao diminuir a produção de piruvato pela via glicolítica. Desta forma, no experimento 2, amostras BC foram tratadas com a combinação de carnosina (0 e 50mM) e piruvato (0 e 5mM) em arranjo fatorial 2x2. Verificou-se que o tratamento com piruvato (5mM) proporcionou menos células com baixa atividade mitocondrial. Por outro lado, a carnosina (50mM), promoveu maior motilidade total, progressiva e células rápidas. Houve uma tendência de aumento nas células com velocidade progressiva e atividade mitocondrial na combinação de tratamentos. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na suscetibilidade ao EO que, no entanto, correlacionou-se negativamente com células móveis, rápidas e integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal. Estes resultados indicam que subprodutos da peroxidação lipídica, sendo o principal deles o MDA, podem causar danos ao DNA, às mitocôndrias e à cinética espermática. Neste contexto, a carnosina (100mM) parece ter um leve efeito protetor ao DNA contra o acúmulo de MDA. Além disto, 50mM de carnosina parece auxiliar na manutenção da velocidade progressiva e atividade mitocondrial quando associada ao piruvato (5mM). Assim, a carnosina e o piruvato podem ser utilizados na prevenção de crioinjúrias em amostras de baixa congelabilidade.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the sperm physiology. However, an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity characterize the oxidative stress (OE). The spermatozoa are extremely susceptible to EO because, among other characteristics, the plasma membrane is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids responsible for promoting fluidity necessary in physiological processes such as motility and fertilization. However, these unsaturations are more easily oxidized and vulnerable to lipid peroxidation. Due to this susceptibility, these cells strongly depend on compounds present in the seminal plasma (SP) to protect against this event. Thus, carnosine, a dipeptide present in SP of stallions, may be a key factor on the protection against MDA accumulation. Nevertheless, during the equine sperm cryopreservation process, SP is removed. In a recent study, we observed that seminal plasma removal led to an increased susceptibility of equine spermatozoa to extremely deleterious product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA). As the carnosine is removed together with the seminal plasma during cryopreservation, two sequential experiments were developed aiming to improve the quality of stallion cryopreserved semen by means of carnosine therapy. Samples from seven stallions were treated with increasing concentrations of carnosine added to the extender (1mM, 50mM and 100mM) and submitted to cryopreservation. After thawing, samples were classified as high freezeability (HF: total motility greater than 30%) and low freezeability (LF: total motility lower than 30%). Samples treated with 50mM presented lower percentage of sperm showing plasma membrane damage and, when treated with 100mM, a greater amplitude of the lateral head displacement was observed. Untreated LF samples showed a lower percentage of cells showing intact DNA in relation to HF samples. By contrast, when LF samples were treated with 100mM, there was an increase in the percentage of cells with intact DNA, which was similar to the HF samples. On the other hand, LF samples cryopreserved with 50mM had a higher percentage of cells showing high calculated mitochondrial membrane potential score and increased susceptibility to OE in relation to the control. Despite the partial protection, the increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation is a concern since equine spermatozoa is highly vulnerable to the MDA. Those results could be due to the affinity of carnosine to react with sugars, which could negatively influence mitochondrial activity and an oxidative state by decreasing pyruvate production. Hence, in experiment 2, LF samples were treated with a combination of carnosine (0 and 50mM) and pyruvate (0 and 5mM) in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. We observed that samples treated with pyruvate (5mM) had decreased percentage of cells with low mitochondrial activity. On the other hand, carnosine (50mM) increased total motility, progressive motility and fast cells. We also observed a tendency to increased progressive velocity and mitochondrial activity in the combination of treatments. There was no difference on sperm susceptibility to OE between treatments. However, this variable correlated negatively with the percentage of motile and rapid cells as well as those showing intact membrane and acrosome. These results indicate that the byproduct of lipid peroxidation (MDA) may cause damage to DNA, mitochondria and sperm kinetics. In this context, carnosine (100mM) appears to have a mild protective effect on DNA against the accumulation of MDA. Furthermore, 50mM of carnosine seems to improve progressive velocity and mitochondrial activity when associated with pyruvate (5mM). Thus, carnosine and pyruvate can be used on cryoinjuries prevention in low freezeability samples.
Books on the topic "Carnosinol"
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Halpern, Georges M. Ulcer free!: Nature's safe & effective remedy for ulcers. Garden City Park, N.Y: Square One Publishers, 2004.
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Moneysmith, Marie, and Jack Challem. User's Guide to Carnosine. Turner Publishing Company, 2004.
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Carnosine: Physiological Effects and Research Insights. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.
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Basic Health Publications User's Guide to Carnosine: Learn How This Super-Nutrient Can Fight Aging, Boost Your Immunity, and Prevent Disease (Basic Health Publications User's Guide). Basic Health Publications, 2004.
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Boldyrev, Alexander A. Carnosine and Oxidative Stress in Cells and Tissues. Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2006.
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Halpern, Georges M. Zinc-Carnosine: Nature's Safe and Effective Remedy for Ulcers. Square One Publishers, 2005.
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Kaur, Jasvinder. Concentration of anserine and carnosine in surimi wash water and their antioxidant activity. 1999.
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Preedy, Victor R., M. Takahashi, E. Biazik, M. A. Bevilacqua, and F. Gaunitz. Imidazole Dipeptides: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2015.
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Kyriazis, Marios. Carnosine: And Other Elixirs of Youth : The Miraculous Anti-Ageing Supplement. Watkins Publishing Ltd, 2003.
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Adele, Stephen. The Carnosine Breakthrough H Blocker a New Science in Muscular Performance. iSatori Technologies, LLC, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Carnosinol"
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Volkmar, Fred R. "Carnosine." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_1384-3.
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Volkmar, Fred R. "Carnosine." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 529. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1384.
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Volkmar, Fred R. "Carnosine." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 823–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1384.
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Sewell, A. C. "Carnosin." In Springer Reference Medizin, 534–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_681.
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Sewell, A. C. "Carnosin." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_681-1.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Decarboxy Carnosine HCl." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 143. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2670.
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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Carnosine N-methyltransferase." In Enzyme Handbook 11, 97–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61030-1_22.
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Nazeran, Homer, and Sherry Blake-Greenberg. "Nanoscale Carnosine Patches Improve Organ Function." In IFMBE Proceedings, 138–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14998-6_36.
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Gjessing, L. R., H. A. Lunde, L. MØrkrid, J. F. Lenney, and O. Sjaastad. "Inborn errors of carnosine and homocarnosine metabolism." In Neurotransmitter Actions and Interactions, 91–106. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9050-0_10.
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Chevalot, Isabelle, Elmira Arab-Tehrany, Eric Husson, and Christine Gerardin. "Application of Carnosine and Its Functionalised Derivatives." In Industrial Biotechnology of Vitamins, Biopigments, and Antioxidants, 421–44. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527681754.ch15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Carnosinol"
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Трушина, Элеонора Николаевна. "ABOUT THE MECHANISMS OF THE PROTECTIVE INFLUENCE OF CARNOSINE IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Декабрь 2021). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp300.2021.75.64.005.
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В статье приводится краткий обзор литературы о механизмах протективного влияния карнозина при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. The article provides a brief review of the literature on the mechanisms of the protective effect of carnosine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Rahimi, Rahmatollah, Maryam Khosravi, and Ebrahim Safavi. "Synthesis of L-Carnosine and its Applications in Biomedical Field." In The 18th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-18-a047.
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Efird, JIMMY, and Charulata Jindal. "The Prophylaxis Potential of Carnosine in the Management of COVID-19." In The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Environmental Research and Public Health —Public Health Issues in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecerph-3-09101.
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Demukhamedova, D., N. Alieva, and N. M. Gojayev. "Effect of the transition metals on the carnosine coordination complexes structure." In 2009 International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaict.2009.5372539.
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Мустафина, Оксана Константиновна, Элеонора Николаевна Трушина, Николай Александрович Ригер, and Илья Владимирович Аксенов. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CARNOSINE AND ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS WITH INDUCED FATTY LIVER DISEASE." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp293.2020.74.75.013.
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В исследовании установлено, что использование высококалорийного холинодефицитного рациона (ВКХДР) у крыс привело к снижению уровня гемоглобина и эритроцитарных показателей, лейкоцитозу. Не выявлено достоверного влияния ВКХДР на общее количество тромбоцитов и эритроцитов. Добавление в рационы крыс карнозина и альфа-липоевой кислоты не оказало протективного влияния на изменения гематологического статуса в условиях развития НАЖБП. Studies on the effect of minor biologically active substances on the hematological parameters of rats against the background of induced fatty liver dystrophy. The addition of carnosine and alpha-lipoic acid to rat diets did not have a significant protective effect on changes in the hematological status in conditions of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Wu, CC, SL Hsieh, PYL Lai, S. Hsieh, and JJ Wang. "PO-148 Suppression of carnosine on adhesion and extravasation in human colorectal cells." In Abstracts of the 25th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 June – 3 July 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.189.
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M R, COSTA, LEITE GARCIA J, GREGOLIN C S, VALENTINI FRANSCISQU F, ARTUR J T F, SILVA C C V A, CAMPOS D H S, CÔRREA-CAMACH R, DOS ANJOS FERREIRA A L, and MORETO F. "Efeito do Tratamento com Carnosina sobre Parâmetros Glicêmicos em Modelo Animal de Síndrome Metabólica." In Encontro de Pós-graduação da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Editora Scienza, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26626/978-65-5668-019-4c0003.
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Wang, Li-Hui, Le Zhang, and An-Jun Liu. "Effect of Carnosine on Physico-Chemical and Antioxidant Activity Properties of FSG-CaCO3 Composite Films." In The International Conference on Biological Sciences and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bst-16.2016.7.
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Xiao-Hong Yang and Ai-Nong Yu. "Impacts of carnosine on the formation of perfume compounds by ascorbic acid-methionine model reaction." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics (ICEOE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceoe.2011.6013122.
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De Brandt, Jana, Chris Burtin, Frank Vandenabeele, Joseph Aumann, Laura Blancquaert, Jan Stautemas, Wim Derave, and Martijn Spruit. "Late Breaking Abstract - Carnosine and related compounds in m. vastus lateralis of COPD patients: preliminary results." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.oa3627.
Full textReports on the topic "Carnosinol"
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Guerreiro, Hugo, Rute Borrego, and Lino Mendes. β-alanine supplementation for athletic performance in female athletes: a protocol for a systematic review of randomized control trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0041.
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Review question / Objective: The Effect of β-alanine Supplementation on Athletic Performance in Female Athletes: a Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials. Condition being studied: β-alanine is an endogenously produced non-proteinogenic amino acid that can also be obtained through the consumption of foods such as meat. The ergogenic effect of β-alanine supplementation is linked to the levels of carnosine (a cytoplasmatic dipeptide to which β-alanine is a precursor). It has become one of the most common sports nutrition ergogenic aids, with typical doses at about 4 to 6 g per day that are ideal to elevate muscle carnosine concentrations by up 80%. This elevation happens regardless of high or low baseline levels (common in vegetarians, women and in older subjects) and chronic supplementation (and the associated increase of muscle carnosine levels) is known to be of particular interest in improving high-intensity exercise performance by enhancing intracellular H+ buffering, reducing muscle acidosis. It has been mostly proposed as beneficial in exercises between 60 seconds and 4 minutes, but some positive effects have been noted in other sport-related outcomes. The fact that women tend to have less muscle carnosine content then man, in addition to other characteristics of the female athlete, highlights the importance of understanding if the outcomes and magnitude of the effects already found and stablished in male athletes are, in fact, equivalent in the female athlete.