Academic literature on the topic 'Carlo Bassi'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carlo Bassi"
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YAGI, Toru, and Umpei NAGASHIMA. "Application of Importance Sampling to Basis Quantum Monte Carlo Method." Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 11, no. 4 (2012): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2477/jccj.2012-0005.
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Kennell, Stefanie A. H. "Review - Umberto Pappalardo, Sybille Galka, Amedeo Maiuri, Carlo Knight, Lucia Borrelli, Massimo Cultraro, Heinrich Schliemann a Napoli, con una nota di Paolo Giulierini. In appendice: Domenico Bassi, Il carteggio di Giuseppe Fiorelli. Gli scavi di Troia: lettere di Enrico Schliemann (Francesco D’Amato Editore, Naples 2021)." Archaeologia Austriaca Band 105/2021 (2021): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia105s333.
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Skryzhevska, Liza, Jerry Green, and Robbyn Abbitt. "GIS Textbook Content as a Basis for Skill Development in Map Interpretation." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 48, no. 1 (March 2013): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/carto.48.1.1262.
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Huang, C. Q., H. Kröger, X. Q. Luo, and K. J. M. Moriarty. "Monte Carlo Hamiltonian from stochastic basis." Physics Letters A 299, no. 5-6 (July 2002): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(02)00750-8.
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Motos, Ana, Joseph L. Kuti, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Antoni Torres, and David P. Nicolau. "1398. β-Lactam Probability of Target Attainment (PTA) and Penetration into Epithelial Lining Fluid (ELF) Based on Multiple Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Sampling Time Points in a Swine Pneumonia Model." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1229.
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Abstract Background Defining ELF concentrations is desired for antibiotics developed for pneumonia. For ethical reasons, BAL sampling in humans is routinely done at a single time point, thereby creating ambiguity in the precise ELF profile. It is unknown if additional sampling of the ELF would lead to more accurate estimates of exposure. The swine pneumonia model was used to characterize the full ELF profiles (5-BAL) of two β-lactams for comparison with models employing 1-BAL (1B) and 2-BAL (2B) sampling time points only. Methods Sixteen ventilated swine were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to establish pneumonia and then treated for 72 hours with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) 50 mg/kg q8h (n = 8) or piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) 200 mg/kg q8h (n = 8). Plasma and BAL concentrations were measured in each swine at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after the first dose. Urea correction was used to calculate ELF values. Ceftolozane and piperacillin plasma and ELF data were fitted to a two compartment model using the nonparametric adaptive grid program in Pmetrics. Hypothetical models were refitted after randomly selecting either 1B or 2B sampling time points from each swine. A 5,000 subject Monte-Carlo simulation was performed for each model to define PTA (60% free time above the MIC) and ELF penetration [area under the curve in ELF (AUCELF) vs. free AUCplasma]. The KS-test was used to analyze distribution differences, reporting maximum vertical deviation (D) as percent difference; D < 20% was defined as negligible. Results Thirty-two C/T and 34 TZP plasma samples and 29 and 32 BAL samples were available for the full model, respectively; 1B and 2B sampling models used eight and 16 BAL samples. All models adequately fitted the data. C/T PTA at 4 mg/L was 94.8, 96.1, and 98.0%, for the full, 1B and 2B models. TZP PTA at 16 mg/L was 55.8, 46.8, and 46.7%, respectively. C/T median [interquartile range] penetration differences were negligible between the full (65% [25––109]) and 1B (72% [45––125], D = 15%) or 2B models (62% [32––111], D = 6%). TZP penetration differences were also minimal between the full (32% [9––67]) and 1B (17% [5––49], D = 18%) or 2B models (27% [9––44], D = 15%). Conclusion These data suggest that antibiotic ELF models constructed from a single BAL time point result in similar exposure estimates to full ELF profiles. Disclosures G. Li Bassi, MSD: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. A. Torres, MSD: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.
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SUZUKI, M. "MATHEMATICAL BASIS OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 07, no. 03 (June 1996): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183196000296.
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The present paper explains some general basic formulas concerning quantum Monte Carlo simulations, symplectic integration and other numerical calculations. A generalization of the BCH formula is given with an application to the decomposition of exponential operators in the presence of small parameters.
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Zhu, Gui Bing, Xiao Fei Wen, and Hu Liu. "The Safety Assessment of Unpowered Mooring Vessel Based on Unascertained Measure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2156.
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The safety of the unpowered mooring vessel was influenced by human factors, vessel condition, meteorological factors, hydrological and environmental factors. To ensure the safety of the unpowered mooring vessel during mooring, on the basis of unascertained measure evaluation model, the method of Monte Carlo and interval weight was put forward to assess the safety of the vessel. This method enables policymakers, in the treatment of evaluation, to avoid weighing the key factors from the traditional model. It also provides more valid intervals for policymakers while dealing with uncertain information of safety elements and errors caused by human preference. Through a random value of interval weight using Monte Carlo simulation method, the final average value of the simulation is taken as the final weight. Finally, a 16000t unpowered mooring cargo vessel is taken as an example to have a detailed discussion of the application of this method, and a safety result is obtained according to each key element. This method can provide new evaluation method and references to policymakers concerned.
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Ghorbani, A., and M. R. Ghasemi. "Reliability analysis of frame structures using radial basis function neural networks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544062jmes2047.
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In this study, a hybrid reliability methodology via Monte Carlo simulation techniques with radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is presented. Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool, simple to implement, and capable of solving a broad range of reliability problems. However, its use for the evaluation of very low probabilities of failure implies a great number of analyses, and the computational time highly increases. In practice, the size of a design problem can be very large and the limit state functions (LSFs) are usually implicit in terms of the random variables. A hybrid method consisting of Monte Carlo simulation and RBFNN is proposed in the present study to approximate the LSF or failure function of the structure. Therefore, the computational burden of Monte Carlo simulation decreases significantly. A distinctive feature of this method is the introduction of an explicit approximate LSF. Using the parameters of the RBFNN, the explicit formulation of the LSF is derived. By introducing the derived approximate LSF, the failure probability can be easily estimated. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, some illustrative examples including frame structures are considered, and the numerical results are verified.
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Kashurnikov, Vladimir, Andrey Krasavin, Yaroslav Zhumagulov, and Petr Kartsev. "Generalized Quantum Monte Carlo Algorithm in Eigen Basis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1389 (November 2019): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1389/1/012080.
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Hao, Chan. "Simulation of the duration of cargo operations at the stations on the route of Groupaged block container train." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 4 (2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-4-111-117.
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The article is devoted to modelling the duration of cargo operations at intermediate stations on the route of a modular express freight container train (MEFCT), that is, a train with a fixed schedule heading from the initial to the final station without remarshalling a rolling-stock, but performing the cargo handling operations for loading/unloading of containers at intermediate stops on the route. Cargo handling operations at intermediate stations of a MEFCT entail a non-productive run of a loader along the train from one container to be reloaded to the other. In the case of a random placement of containers on a train, the completion time of the complex of cargo handling operations will be a random variable. Modelling of this random variable is carried out on the basis of the Monte-Carlo method in order to determine the most probable time of stopping of a train to perform cargo handling operations, as well as possible deviations from the average value. At the same time, duration of the complex of cargo handling operations at the station is proposed to be estimated depending on the volume of loading/unloading operations of containers at each point and the distance travelled by a loader along a train, which is given in the model by a random evenly distributed value. Based on numerical experiments with the model, the regression dependence of the time of cargo handling operations on the volume of container loading was established, as well as variations of this value due to the random nature of the placement of containers on a train. The model allows you to form a reasonable timetable for a MEFCT and increase the reliability of departure time of a train.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carlo Bassi"
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Rügheimer, Tilman K. "Konzept und Eigenschaften eines Hybriden Photonendetektors auf Basis des Timepix-Detektors." kostenfrei, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997716665/34.
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LIMA, URSULA SILVEIRA MONTEIRO DE. "COMPLEX DERIVATIVES VALUATION: APPLYING THE LEAST-SQUARES MONTE CARLO METHOD WITH SEVERAL POLYNOMIAL BASIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16812@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEste trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo e a aplicação do Método de Mínimos Quadrados de Monte Carlo com diferentes bases polinomiais - Potência, Laguerre, Legendre e Hermite A - na precificação de Opções Asiáticas Americanas (Amerasian) tanto em sua modalidade de compra quanto em sua modalidade de venda. Os resultados encontrados ratificam a possibilidade de utilização alternativa de diversas bases polinomiais. Além disso, verifica-se a convergência em cada um dos experimentos, sem perder de vista a possibilidade de que haja, para cada tipo de Amerasian precificada, uma base polinomial específica que, marginalmente, mostra-se mais precisa.
This work aims at studying and applying the Least-Squares Monte Carlo Method by using different polynomial basis - Power, Laguerre, Legendre and Hermite A - in pricing American Asian Options, either call or put. The results found ratify the possibility of an alternated use of several polynomial bases. Besides, each of the experiments is checked for convergence, taking into account that there may be an optimal polynomial basis for each kind of Amerasian option which is marginally more accurate regarding its pricing.
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Roupie, Julien. "Contribution à l'étude de l'émission électronique sous impact d'électrons de basse énergie (<=1keV) : application à l'aluminium." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0004/document.
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Le phénomène d’émission électronique sous impact d’électrons, bien que très étudié, est mal connue à très basse énergie (<100 eV). Un domaine d’énergie où ce phénomène est un paramètre fondamental de technologies dans le domaine spatial comme les guides d’onde radiofréquence sous vide. Afin de lieux comprendre ce phénomène à cette gamme d’énergie,une étude théorique a été entreprise par le biais d’une simulation Monte-Carlo de l’émission électronique à très base énergie. Après identification des interactions mises en jeu, nous avons sélectionné pour chaque interaction le ou les modèles existants les plus appropriés tout en leur apportant des modifications à chaque fois que cela était nécessaire. Certains modèles trouvés dans la littérature ont été utilisés pour la première fois dans le domaine de l’émission électronique. Notre approche a été appliquée à l’aluminium et a été validée expérimentalement lorsque les données existaient. L’allure de la courbe de rendement communément admise à ce jour a été contredite et expliquée par la faible probabilité d’échappement des électrons de très basse énergie, ainsi que par un traitement plus rigoureux de la réflexion des électrons de très basse énergie qui impactent le matériau. De surcroit, la simulation donne accès pour la première fois à un rendement à très basse énergie qui présente des oscillations que l’on retrouve dans les rares données expérimentales disponibles. Ces oscillations sont attribuées à l’interaction de l’électron avec les plasmons. Les simulations ont montré l’importance de la population d’électrons rétrodiffusés à très basse énergieAlthough extensively studied, the phenomenon of electron emission under electron impact is not very well known at very low energy (<100 eV). An energy range where this phenomenon is a fundamental parameter in space technologies such as radiofrequency waveguide in vacuum. In order to provide a better understanding of the phenomenon, in this energy range, a theoretical study through Monte Carlo simulation of electron emission at very low energyhave been undertaken. After identification of the involved interactions, we selected for each interaction the most appropriate existing models while providing modifications whenever necessary. Somme models found in the literature were used for the first time in the field ofelectron emission. Our approach has been applied to aluminum and has been validated experimentally when data existed. The commonly accepted shape of the yield curve has benne contradicted and explained by the low escape probability of very low energy electrons, as well as by a more rigorous treatment of the reflection of very low energy electrons that impact thematerial. In addition, the simulation provides, for the first time, access to a yield curve at very low energy presenting oscillations also found in the few available experimental data. These oscillations are attributed to the interaction of the electrons with the plasmons. Simulations showed the importance of the backscattered electrons population ate very low energy
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Fiala, Ales. "Modélisation numérique bidimensionnelle d'une décharge luminescente à basse pression." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30136.
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Ce travail apporte une contribution a une meilleure comprehension des phenomenes intervenant dans une decharge luminescente a courant continu dans l'argon a basse pression. L'analyse systematique et complete, a l'aide du modele hybride fluide-monte carlo bidimensionnel, a permis d'effectuer un progres decisif pour la comprehension de plusieurs aspects de la decharge, (1) dans les conditions ou les pertes radiales des particules chargees vers les parois jouent un role important et (2) pour les geometries complexes des electrodes. Le modele hybride fluide-monte carlo bidimensionnel a rendu possible, par sa nature implicite, l'analyse systematique du fonctionnement des decharges luminescentes. Ceci n'etait pas envisageable avec les methodes explicites existantes jusqu'a present, limitees par des temps de calcul prohibitifs. De plus, le traitement cinetique des electrons energetiques de la decharge par la simulation monte carlo, necessaire pour la description correcte de l'ionisation non locale dans le champ electrique non uniforme ainsi que pour la description des electrons pendulaires dans une cathode creuse, a ameliore considerablement la capacite de prediction des phenomenes physiques et la credibilite des resultats obtenus
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Perrier, Hélène. "Anti-Aliased Low Discrepancy Samplers for Monte Carlo Estimators in Physically Based Rendering." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1040/document.
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Lorsque l'on affiche un objet 3D sur un écran d'ordinateur, on transforme cet objet en une image, c.a.d en un ensemble de pixels colorés. On appelle Rendu la discipline qui consiste à trouver la couleur à associer à ces pixels. Calculer la couleur d'un pixel revient à intégrer la quantité de lumière arrivant de toutes les directions que la surface renvoie dans la direction du plan image, le tout pondéré par une fonction binaire déterminant si un point est visible ou non. Malheureusement, l'ordinateur ne sait pas calculer des intégrales on a donc deux méthodes possibles : Trouver une expression analytique qui permet de supprimer l'intégrale de l'équation (approche basée statistique). Approximer numériquement l'équation en tirant des échantillons aléatoires dans le domaine d'intégration et en en déduisant la valeur de l'intégrale via des méthodes dites de Monte Carlo. Nous nous sommes ici intéressés à l'intégration numérique et à la théorie de l'échantillonnage. L'échantillonnage est au cœur des problématiques d'intégration numérique. En informatique graphique, il est capital qu'un échantillonneur génère des points uniformément dans le domaine d’échantillonnage pour garantir que l'intégration ne sera pas biaisée. Il faut également que le groupe de points généré ne présente aucune régularité structurelle visible, au risque de voir apparaître des artefacts dit d'aliassage dans l'image résultante. De plus, les groupes de points générés doivent minimiser la variance lors de l'intégration pour converger au plus vite vers le résultat. Il existe de nombreux types d'échantillonneurs que nous classeront ici grossièrement en 2 grandes familles : Les échantillonneurs bruit bleu, qui ont une faible la variance lors de l'intégration tout en générant de groupes de points non structurés. Le défaut de ces échantillonneurs est qu'ils sont extrêmement lents pour générer les points. Les échantillonneurs basse discrépance, qui minimisent la variance lors de l'intégration, génèrent des points extrêmement vite, mais qui présentent une forte structure, générant énormément d'aliassage. Notre travail a été de développer des échantillonneurs hybrides, combinant à la fois bruit bleu et basse discrépanceWhen you display a 3D object on a computer screen, we transform this 3D scene into a 2D image, which is a set of organized colored pixels. We call Rendering all the process that aims at finding the correct color to give those pixels. This is done by integrating all the light rays coming for every directions that the object's surface reflects back to the pixel, the whole being ponderated by a visibility function. Unfortunately, a computer can not compute an integrand. We therefore have two possibilities to solve this issue: We find an analytical expression to remove the integrand (statistic based strategy). Numerically approximate the equation by taking random samples in the integration domain and approximating the integrand value using Monte Carlo methods. Here we focused on numerical integration and sampling theory. Sampling is a fundamental part of numerical integration. A good sampler should generate points that cover the domain uniformly to prevent bias in the integration and, when used in Computer Graphics, the point set should not present any visible structure, otherwise this structure will appear as artifacts in the resulting image. Furthermore, a stochastic sampler should minimize the variance in integration to converge to a correct approximation using as few samples as possible. There exists many different samplers that we will regroup into two families: Blue Noise samplers, that have a low integration variance while generating unstructured point sets. The issue with those samplers is that they are often slow to generate a pointset. Low Discrepancy samplers, that minimize the variance in integration and are able to generate and enrich a point set very quickly. However, they present a lot of structural artifacts when used in Rendering. Our work aimed at developing hybriod samplers, that are both Blue Noise and Low Discrepancy
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Das, Vaijayanti. "STRUCTURAL BASIS OF LMAN1 CARGO CAPTURE IN ER & RELEASE IN ERGIC." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1343398252.
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Pierron, Juliette. "Modèle de transport d'électrons à basse énergie (~10 eV- 2 keV) pour applications spatiales (OSMOSEE, GEANT4)." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0024/document.
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L’espace est un milieu hostile pour les équipements embarqués à bord des satellites. Les importants flux d’électrons qui les bombardent continuellement peuvent pénétrer à l’intérieur de leurs composants électroniques et engendrer des dysfonctionnements. Leur prise en compte nécessite des outils numériques 3D très performants, tels que des codes de transport d’électrons utilisant la méthode statistique de Monte-Carlo, valides jusqu’à quelques eV. Dans ce contexte, l’ONERA a développé, en partenariat avec le CNES, le code OSMOSEE pour l’aluminium. De son côté, le CEA a développé, pour le silicium, le module basse énergie MicroElec dans le code GEANT4. L’objectif de cette thèse, dans un effort commun entre l’ONERA, le CNES et le CEA, est d’étendre ces codes à différents matériaux. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi d’utiliser le modèle des fonctions diélectriques, qui permet de modéliser le transport des électrons à basse énergie dans les métaux, les semi-conducteurs et les isolants. La validation des codes par des mesures du dispositif DEESSE de l’ONERA, pour l’aluminium, l’argent et le silicium, nous a permis d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension du transport des électrons à basse énergie, et par la suite, d’étudier l’effet de la rugosité de la surface. La rugosité, qui peut avoir un impact important sur le nombre d’électrons émis par les matériaux, n’est habituellement pas prise en compte dans les codes de transport, qui ne simulent que des matériaux idéalement plats. En ce sens, les résultats de ces travaux de thèse offrent des perspectives intéressantes pour les applications spatialesSpace is a hostile environment for embedded electronic devices on board satellites. The high fluxes of energetic electrons that impact these satellites may continuously penetrate inside their electronic components and cause malfunctions. Taking into account the effects of these particles requires high-performant 3D numerical tools, such as codes dedicated to electrons transport using the Monte Carlo statistical method, valid down to a few eV. In this context, ONERA has developed, in collaboration with CNES, the code OSMOSEE for aluminum. For its part, CEA has developed for silicon the low-energy electron module MicroElec for the code GEANT4. The aim of this thesis, in a collaborative effort between ONERA, CNES and CEA, is to extend those two codes to different materials. To describe the interactions between electrons, we chose to use the dielectric function formalism that enables to overcome of the disparity of electronic band structures in solids, which play a preponderant role at low energy. From the validation of the codes, for aluminum, silver and silicon, by comparison with measurements from the experimental set-up DEESSE at ONERA, we obtained a better understanding of the transport of low energy electrons in solids. This result enables us to study the effect of the surface roughness. This parameter, which may have a significant impact on the electron emission yield, is not usually taken into account in Monte Carlo transport codes, which only simulate ideally flat materials. In this sense, the results of this thesis offer interesting perspectives for space applications
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D, Kostianetska, Agieieva Galyna, Костянецька Дарія Олександрівна, Агєєва Галина Миколаївна, Костянецкая Дарья Александровна, and Агеева Галина Николаевна. "Cargo aviation complex as a basis for the establishment of a international airport." Thesis, КНУБА, 2017. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/31351.
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Cargo transportation is a component of the aviation industry in Ukraine. The project «Strategy for the Development» (2017) is assumed as not only the creation of an international airport, but also the successful use of the significant industrial potential of the city Bila Tserkva, which can engage foreign investment in development of the tourism industry.
Thus, on the territory of the Kiev region there may be another international airport, the design of which requires the solution of a complex of urban, technological and other issues which are closely related with the functioning of the existing cargo complex (aerodrome, industrial site, air traffic control building, hangars, etc.).
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Revelant, Alberto. "Modélisation, simulation et caractérisation de dispositifs TFET pour l'électronique à basse puissance." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT022.
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Dans les dernières années, beaucoup de travail a été consacré par l’industrie électronique pour réduire la consommation d’énergie des composants micro-électroniques qui représente un fardeau important dans la spécification des nouveaux systèmes.Afin de réduire la consommation d’énergie, nombreuses stratégies peuvent être adoptées au niveau des systèmes micro-électroniques et des simples dispositifs nano-électroniques. Récemmentle Transistor Tunnel `a effet de champ (Tunnel-FET) s’est imposé comme un candidat possible pour remplacer les dispositifs MOSFET conventionnels pour applications de tr`es basse puissance à des tensions d’alimentation VDD < 0.5V. Nous présentons un modèle Multi-Subband Monte Carlo modifié (MSMC) qui a été adapté pour la simulation de TFET Ultra Thin Body Fully Depleted Seminconductor on Insulator (FDSOIUTB) avec homo- et hétéro-jonctions et des matériaux semi-conducteurs arbitraires. Nous prenons en considération la quantification de la charge avec une correction quantique heuristique mais précise, validée via des modèles quantiques complets et des résultats expérimentaux.Le modèle MSMC a été utilisé pour simuler et évaluer la performance de FD-SOI TFET sidéealisées avec homo- et hétéro-jonction en Si, alliages SiGe ou composés InGaAs. Dans la deuxième partie de l’activité de doctorat un travail de caractérisation à basse températurea été réalisé sur les TFETs en Si et SiGe homo- et hétéro-jonction fabriqués par le centre de recherche français du CEA -LETI. L’objectif est d’estimer la présence de l’effet Tunnel comme principal mécanisme d’injection et la contribution d’autres mécanismes d’injection comme le Trap Assisted TunnelingIn the last years a significant effort has been spent by the microelectronic industry to reducethe chip power consumption of the electronic systems since the latter is becoming a majorlimitation to CMOS technology scaling.Many strategies can be adopted to reduce the power consumption. They range from thesystem to the electron device level. In the last years Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFET)have imposed as possible candidate devices for replacing the convential MOSFET in ultra lowpower application at supply voltages VDD < 0.5V. TFET operation is based on a Band-to-BandTunneling (BtBT) mechanism of carrier injection in the channel and they represent a disruptiverevolutionary device concept.This thesis investigates TFET modeling and simulation, a very challenging topic becauseof the difficulties in modeling BtBT accurately. We present a modified Multi Subband MonteCarlo (MSMC) that has been adapted for the simulation of Planar Ultra Thin Body (UTB)Fully Depleted Semiconductor on Insulator (FD-ScOI) homo- and hetero-junction TFET implementedwith arbitrary semiconductor materials. The model accounts for carrier quantizationwith a heuristic but accurate quantum correction validated by means of comparison with fullquantum model and experimental results.The MSMC model has been used to simulate and assess the performance of idealized homoandhetero-junction TFETs implemented in Si, SiGe alloys or InGaAs compounds.In the second part of the thesis we discuss the characterization of TFETs at low temperature.Si and SiGe homo- and hetero-junction TFETs fabricated by CEA-LETI (Grenoble,France) are considered with the objective to identify the possible presence of alternative injectionmechanisms such as Trap Assisted Tunneling
Negli ultimi anni uno sforzo significativo `e stato speso dall’industria microelettronica per ridurreil consumo di potenza da parte dei sistemi microelettronici. Esso infatti sta diventando unadelle limitazioni pi`u significative per lo scaling geometrico della tecnologia CMOS.Diverse strategie possono essere adottate per ridurre il consumo di potenza considerando ilsistema microelettronico nella sua totalit`a e scendendo fino a giungere all’ottimizzazione delsingolo dispositivo nano-elettronico. Negli ultimi anni il transistore Tunnel FET (TFET) si`e imposto come un possibile candidato per rimpiazzare, in applicazioni a consumo di potenzaestremamente basso con tensioni di alimentazione inferiori a 0.5V, i transistori convenzionaliMOSFET. Il funzionamento del TFET si basa sul meccanismo di iniezione purament quantisticodel Tunneling da banda a banda (BtBT) e che dovrebbe permettere una significativa riduzionedella potenza dissipata. Il BtBT nei dispositivi convenzionali `e un effetto parassita, nel TFETinvece esso `e utilizzato per poter ottenere significativi miglioramenti delle performance sottosogliae pertanto esso rappresenta una nuova concezione di dispositivo molto innovativa erivoluzionaria.Questa tesi analizza la modellizazione e la simulazione del TFET. Questi sono argomenti moltocomplessi vista la difficolt`a che si hanno nel modellare accuratamente il BtBT. In questo lavoroviene presentata una versione modificata del modello di trasporto Multi Subband Monte Carlo(MSMC) adattato per la simulazione di dispositivi TFET planari Ultra Thin Body Fully DepletedSilicon on Insulator (UTB FD-SOI), implementati con un canale composto da un unicosemiconduttore (omogiunzione) o con differenti materiali semiconduttori (eterogiunzione). Ilmodello proposto tiene il conto l’effetto di quantizzazione dovuto al confinamento dei portatoridi carica, con un’euristico ma accurato sistema di correzione. Tale modello `e stato poivalidato tramite una comparazione con altri modelli completamente quantistici e con risultatisperimentali.Superata la fase di validazione il modello MSMC `e utilizzato per simulare e verificare le performancedi dispositivi TFET implementati come omo o eterogiunzione in Silicio, leghe SiGe,o composti semiconduttori InGaAs.Nella seconda parte della tesi viene illustrato un lavoro di caratterizazione di TFET planari abassa temperatura (fino a 77K). Sono stati misurati dispositivi in Si e SiGe a omo o eterogiuzioneprodotti nella camera bianca del centro di ricerca francese CEA-LETI di Grenoble. Tramite talimisure `e stato possibile identificare la probabile presenza di meccanismi di iniezione alternativial BtBT come il Tunneling assistito da trappole (TAT) dimostrando come questo effetto `e,con ogni probabilit`a, la causa delle scarse performance in sottosoglia dei dispositivi TFETsperimentali a temperatura ambiente
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Imhof, Carl Stefan [Verfasser]. "Rasterkraftmikroskopische Untersuchungen zum Deformationsverhalten polymerer Syteme auf Basis von Polypropylen / Carl Stefan Imhof." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1015471595/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Carlo Bassi"
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B, Farmer Peter, and Walker John M. 1948-, eds. The Molecular basis of cancer. New York: Wiley, 1985.
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Studio musician: Carol Kaye, 60s No. 1 hit bassist, guitarist. Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 2016.
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Jung, Peter. L' ultima guerra degli Asburgo: Basso Isonzo, Carso, Trieste : 1915-1918. Gorizia: LEG, 2000.
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Murav'ev, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Rahmangulov, Nikita Osincev, Sergey Kornilov, and Aleksandr Cyganov. The system "seaport - "dry" port". ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816639.
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The monograph presents an approach to solving the problem of increasing the throughput and processing capacity of seaports in conditions of limiting their territorial dislocation and increasing the unevenness of external and internal cargo flows. The basis of the approach is the proposed system of the main parameters of the dry port and the methodology of simulation modeling of the functioning of the system "seaport - dry port". The material is illustrated with examples of the implementation of the developed approach, including model scenarios of multi-agent optimization of the parameters of the system under study. The proposed approach and the developed methodology can be used to justify management decisions on the balanced development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions hosting sea and dry ports.
It is intended for specialists of transport and logistics companies, engineering and technical workers engaged in solving problems in the field of logistics, supply chain management and transport infrastructure design. In addition, it is recommended to students in the following programs: postgraduate studies 23.06.01 "Land transport engineering and technology" (focus "Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport") and 27.06.01 "Management in technical systems" (focus "Management of transportation processes"); master's degree 23.04.01 "Technology of transport processes" (profile "Organization of transportation and management in a single transport system"); bachelor's degree 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Logistics") and 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes".
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Berkom, D. V. Cargo: A Leine Basso Thriller. Duct Tape Press, 2015.
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Walker, John M. Molecular Basis of Cancer. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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Klaper, Michael, and Nastasia Heckendorff, eds. Cantatas on Texts by Francesco Buti (1606–82). A-R Editions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31022/b226.
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This is an edition of all the surviving cantatas with texts by Francesco Buti (1606‒82), and thus one of the first editions of seventeenth-century Italian cantatas organized around a single poet rather than a single composer. It contains ten pieces set to music by the first generation of Roman cantata composers, such as Carlo Caproli, Giacomo Carissimi, Marco Marazzoli, Luigi Rossi, Mario Savioni, and Loreto Vittori, as well as the traveling guitar virtuoso Francesco Corbetta. Most of the pieces belong to the genre of chamber cantata and are scored for solo voice and basso continuo, though also included are a duet and a lengthy, semi-dramatic cantata for four voices and obbligato instruments. The compositions in this volume thus make a significant sampling of the early Italian cantata repertoire available to scholars and performers.
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Williams, Jan, Sue Haka, and Mark S. Bettner. Carol Yacht's General Ledger and Peachtree Complete 2004 software on CD-ROM to accompany Financial and Managerial Accounting: The Basis for Business Decisions. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2004.
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Williams, Jan, Sue Haka, and Mark S. Bettner. Carol Yacht's General Ledger and Peachtree Complete 2004 software on CD-ROM to accompany Financial and Managerial Accounting: The Basis for Business Decisions. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2004.
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Peari, Sagi. Choice Pillar I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622305.003.0003.
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This chapter provides a re-examination of the choice-of-law theory of the foundational father of the discipline, Friedrich Carl von Savigny and shows how Savigny’s theory has been misconceived in choice-of-law literature. First, the chapter introduces Savigny’s three basic interrelated insights on the nature of the subject which serve as a basis for Savigny’s argument development. Secondly, it presents the central contention that the principle of “voluntary submission” lies at the heart of Savigny’s choice –of-law theory rather than the mythical so-called “universal seat” formula. Finally, this chapter demonstrates several of Savigny’s deviations from his own organizing principles and makes some observations about them.
Book chapters on the topic "Carlo Bassi"
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Wang, Yazhen. "Variance reduction via basis expansion in Monte Carlo integration." In Institute of Mathematical Statistics Collections, 234–48. Beachwood, Ohio, USA: Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-imscoll616.
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Meyer, Vanessa, Sarah Lang, and Payam Dehdari. "Cargo-Hitching in Long-Distance Bus Transit: An Acceptance Analysis." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 77–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_7.
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AbstractThe combination of freight transport and mobility—also known as cargo-hitching—is a form of delivery that has been implemented in various modes of transport. This concept is already widely used in Europe, Africa and North America in long-distance bus transport and ensures parcel delivery via the cargo compartment of long-distance buses. This paper aims to investigate the acceptance of cargo-hitching in long-distance bus transport in Germany. For this purpose, first the term cargo-hitching is defined, and an overview of cargo-hitching concepts in long-distance bus transport worldwide is given. In the following, the principles of attitudinal acceptance are explained. A modified version of the UTAUT2 model was used as the basis for an empirical study in the form of a quantitative online survey (n = 245). The results provide information about factors influencing acceptance as well as wishes and requirements of potential users. Parts of the UTAUT2 model were verified by regression analysis. It was shown that the variables’ habit, price value, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy and social influence predict the behavioural intention to use cargo-hitching in our sample significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, risks, benefits and willingness to pay were determined, which could contribute to the development of a business model. These included measures to improve transparency, security and information flow of the cargo-hitching process.
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Zheng, Zhiyong. "Prime Test." In Financial Mathematics and Fintech, 197–228. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0920-7_5.
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AbstractIn the RSA algorithm in the previous chapter, we see that the decomposition of large prime factors constitutes the basis of RSA cryptosystem security. Theoretically, this security should not be questioned, because there is only the definition of prime in mathematics, and there is no general method to detect prime. The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce some basic prime test methods, including Fermat test, Euler test, Monte Carlo method, continued fraction method, etc. understanding the content of this chapter requires some special number theory knowledge.
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Chinazzo, André, Christian De Schryver, Katharina Zweig, and Norbert Wehn. "Increasing the Sampling Efficiency for the Link Assessment Problem." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 39–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21534-6_3.
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AbstractComplex graphs are at the heart of today’s big data challenges like recommendation systems, customer behavior modeling, or incident detection systems. One reoccurring task in these fields is the extraction of network motifs, which are subgraphs that are reoccurring and statistically significant. To assess the statistical significance of their occurrence, the observed values in the real network need to be compared to their expected value in a random graph model.In this chapter, we focus on the so-called Link Assessment (LA) problem, in particular for bipartite networks. Lacking closed-form solutions, we require stochastic Monte Carlo approaches that raise the challenge of finding appropriate metrics for quantifying the quality of results (QoR) together with suitable heuristics that stop the computation process if no further increase in quality is expected. We provide investigation results for three quality metrics and show that observing the right metrics reveals so-called phase transitions that can be used as a reliable basis for such heuristics. Finally, we propose a heuristic that has been evaluated with real-word datasets, providing a speedup of $$15.4\times $$ 15.4 × over previous approaches.
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Cheng, Jing, Ziyao He, Zhong Liu, and Lei Zhang. "Slope Reliability Analysis Based on Nonlinear Stochastic Finite Element Method." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 337–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_30.
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AbstractIn slope stability reliability analysis, the deterministic analysis method is usually used to calculate the safety factor to measure the stability of the slope, but the traditional deterministic analysis method cannot fully consider and describe the natural spatial variability of soil, which leads to the failure probability calculation of the slope is not accurate enough. Aiming at the problem of spatial variability of soil mechanical parameters in slope stability analysis, this paper proposes a stochastic finite element method for calculating the distribution of FS (factor of safety) of dam slopes, and MC (Monte Carlo) strength reduction combined method and MC direct method are proposed to calculate the reliability of slope. Taking isotropic two-dimensional slope as an example: firstly, the random field is sampled to get the corresponding random field of material properties, and then the slope displacement, stress and plasticity zone results are calculated; then on the basis of NMC times sampling of random field, there are: (i) Combined method (M1): the strength reduction method is used to get the reduction coefficient of each sample, and then its distribution, slope failure probability and reliability index are calculated; (ii) MC direct method (M2): using the viscop lastic method to solve and judge the instability of slopes, and the instability cases under all sample conditions are counted to obtain the failure probability and reliability index of slopes. The results show that the slope stability analysis considering the random field of material properties can obtain the real and reliable slope stability analysis results by comprehensively evaluating the slope safety through the mean value, variance, distribution and reliability index of the slope safety factor.
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Kawahara, Yuki, Kazuya Maekawa, and Yoshiho Ikeda. "A Simple Prediction Formula of Roll Damping of Conventional Cargo Ships on the Basis of Ikeda’s Method and Its Limitation." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 465–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1482-3_26.
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Dunn, William L., and J. Kenneth Shultis. "The Basis of Monte Carlo." In Exploring Monte Carlo Methods, 21–46. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-51575-9.00002-6.
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Dunn, William L., and J. Kenneth Shultis. "The Basis of Monte Carlo." In Exploring Monte Carlo Methods, 25–54. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819739-4.00010-x.
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Chen, Zhengzheng, and Chao Wu. "Ab Initio-Based Stochastic Simulations of Kinetic Processes on Surfaces." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering, 28–60. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0290-6.ch003.
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We briefly present the theoretical framework of a hierarchical multi-scale approach, which is an ab initio-based stochastic method, and its applications to several chemical/physical kinetic processes on metallic surfaces. We first introduce necessary theoretical basis of ab initio and Monte Carlo (MC) methods, and then illustrate different Monte Carlo algorithms for important ensembles, including canonical and grand canonical ensembles. In the following section, we describe two important protocols which are essential to integrate ab initio data and MC models. Two examples are presented in order to elucidate the power of this multi-scale approach. The first example focuses on the combination of kinetic Monte Carlo and transition state theory. We discuss the detailed processes of performing kinetic Monte Carlo simulation on atomic diffusion on alloyed surface, including some technical aspects. In the second example, we presents a different way to account for the local environment-sensitive metal-catalyzed O2 dissociation reactions using combinatory techniques including cluster expansion and grand canonical Monte Carlo methods. This approach provides steady-state rates and rate derivatives that are comparable with experiments. Moreover, the connection between the feasible mechanisms and the observed kinetic behaviors can now be built.
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Sahun, Yelyzaveta, Yuliya Sikirda, and Oleksandr Tymochko. "Application of Computer Load Optimization Model in an Aircraft Load Planning Process." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Sixth Edition, 1–20. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7366-5.ch012.
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Success in the air freight sector is closely tied to the ability to consolidate freight shipments. The essence of the load planning algorithm consists of a predetermined arrangement of cargo containers relative to the cargo compartment, considering the general aircraft limitations and the priority of the cargo. The visualized load planning model enables flight planning staff to predict additional re-loading on other sections of the route. The model serves as the basis for a rule-based expert system in order to prevent containers from being overloaded at intermediate routes. The results aimed at increasing the efficiency and safety of ground handling services as well as intensification of use of the air company's fleet.
Conference papers on the topic "Carlo Bassi"
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Marchesini, Giuseppe. "Theoretical basis for QCD Monte Carlo simulations." In Proceedings of the XXVI International Conference on High Energy Physics. Vol. II. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43356.
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Krakauer, Henry. "Phase-free quantum Monte Carlo method: random walks using general basis sets." In Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2003. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1609960.
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Shang, Xiaotong, Guanlin Shi, and Kan Wang. "One Step Method for Multigroup Adjoint Neutron Flux Through Continuous Energy Monte Carlo Calculation." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82185.
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The adjoint neutron flux is vital in the analysis of reactor kinetics parameters and reactor transient events. Both deterministic and Monte Carlo methods have been developed for the adjoint neutron flux calculation on the basis of multi-group cross sections which may vary significantly among different types of reactors. The iterated fission probability (IFP) method is introduced to calculate the neutron importance which is able to represent the adjoint neutron flux in continuous energy problem and have been applied to the calculation of kinetics parameters. However, the adjoint neutron flux can’t be obtained directly and applied to both Monte Carlo transient event analysis and deterministic methods. In this study, a method based on IFP is studied and implemented in Monte Carlo code RMC. The multi-group adjont neutron flux can be obtained directly through the discretization of energy and space with the modification of fission neutrons through continuous energy Monte Carlo calculations. The obtained multi-group adjoint neutron flux can be used in both Monte Carlo transient analysis and deterministic methods.
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Li, Ying Wai, and Markus Eisenbach. "A Histogram-Free Multicanonical Monte Carlo Algorithm for the Basis Expansion of Density of States." In PASC '17: Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093172.3093235.
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Abdalla, Osman Ahmed, Mohd Nordin Zakaria, Suziah Sulaiman, and Wan Fatimah Wan Ahmad. "A comparison of feed-forward back-propagation and radial basis artificial neural networks: A Monte Carlo study." In 2010 International Symposium on Information Technology (ITSim 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsim.2010.5561599.
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Lorenzi, J. M., R. Montemayor, and Luis F. Urrutia. "A five dimensional perspective on many particles in the Snyder basis of double special relativity." In II CINVESTAV-UNAM SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PARTICLES AND NEUTRINOS IN AN ASTROPHYSICAL CONTEXT: In Honor of Juan Carlos D’Olivo. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810777.
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Voltaire Dayot, Ralph Voltaire, Hyuntae Kim, and In-Ho Ra. "Determining Prosumer Energy Generation Performance as Basis for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Decisions using Monte Carlo Simulation." In SMA 2020: The 9th International Conference on Smart Media and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3426020.3426086.
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Yexin, Ouwen, Shanfang Huang, and Kan Wang. "Newly Developed Coupling Scheme in RMC With Internal Thermal Feedback and OTF Doppler-Broadening Method." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66519.
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RMC (Reactor Monte Carlo)[1] is a self-developed Monte Carlo code for nuclear reactor analysis by Reactor Engineering Analysis Lab (REAL), Tsinghua University. On the basis of the self-developed subchannel module (RMC-TH) and Monte Carlo Cell Tally, the internal coupling interface is developed, which combines both input files to one and realizes the fast mesh correspondence process using the cell expansion technology for repeated structure with thermal-hydraulics feedback. It breaks through the bottleneck of geometrical extensibility for coupled code. On-the-fly Doppler broadening method is adopted as the way to consider the temperature effect on microscopic cross section, which only needs the 0 K cross section library so that the memory cost can be apparently reduced. Steady state simulation analysis are performed on PWR fuel pin and 17×17 assembly model, and the results show the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of the coupling methodology. Therefore, a promising technology roadmap for the large-scale and geometrically universal nuclear reactor in both steady-state and transient conditions with thermal-hydraulic feedback are established. The roadmap can be further applied to neutronics-thermal-hydraulics-depletion coupling in multi-physics simulation process.
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Sabet, Sahand, and Mohammad Poursina. "Uncertainty Analysis of Nondeterministic Multibody Systems." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67362.
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This paper presents the method of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) for the forward kinematic analysis of non-deterministic multibody systems. Kinematic analysis of both open-loop and closed-loop systems are presented. The PCE provides an efficient mathematical framework to introduce uncertainty to the system. This is accomplished by compactly projecting each stochastic response output and random input onto the space of appropriate independent orthogonal polynomial basis functions. This paper presents the detailed formulation of the kinematics of constrained multibody systems at the position, velocity, and acceleration levels in the PCE scheme. This analysis is performed by projecting the governing kinematic constraint equations of the system onto the space of appropriate polynomial base functions. Furthermore, forward kinematic analysis is conducted at the position, velocity, and acceleration levels for a non-deterministic four-bar mechanism with single and multiple uncertain parameters and a SCARA robot. Also, the convergence of the PCE and Monte Carlo methods is analyzed in this paper. Time efficiency and accuracy of the intrusive PCE approach are compared with the traditionally used Monte Carlo method. The results demonstrate the drastic increase in the computation time of Monte Carlo method when analyzing complex systems with a large number of uncertain parameters while the intrusive PCE provides better accuracy with much less computational complexity.
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Tagade, Piyush M., and Han-Lim Choi. "An Efficient Bayesian Calibration Approach Using Dynamically Biorthogonal Field Equations." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70584.
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Present paper proposes new dynamic-biorthogonality based Bayesian formulation for calibration of computer simulators with parametric uncertainty. The formulation uses decomposition of solution field into mean and random field. The random field is represented as a convolution of separable Hilbert spaces in stochastic and spacial dimensions. Both the dimensions are spectrally represented using respective orthogonal bases. In particular, present paper investigates polynomial chaos basis for stochastic dimension and eigenfunction basis for spacial dimension. Dynamic evolution equations are derived such that basis in stochastic dimension is retained while basis in spacial dimension is changed such that dynamic orthogonality is maintained. Resultant evolution equations are used to propagate prior uncertainty in input parameters to the solution output. Whenever new information is available through experimental observations or expert opinion, Bayes theorem is used to update the basis in stochastic dimension. Efficacy of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for calibration of 2D transient diffusion equation with uncertainty in source location. Computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated against Generalized Polynomial Chaos and Monte Carlo method.
Reports on the topic "Carlo Bassi"
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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.
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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Monetary Policy Report - July 2022. Banco de la República, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2022.
Full textAbstract:
In the second quarter, annual inflation (9.67%), the technical staff’s projections and its expectations continued to increase, remaining above the target. International cost shocks, accentuated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more persistent than projected, thus contributing to higher inflation. The effects of indexation, higher than estimated excess demand, a tighter labor market, inflation expectations that continue to rise and currently exceed 3%, and the exchange rate pressures add to those described above. High core inflation measures as well as in the producer price index (PPI) across all baskets confirm a significant spread in price increases. Compared to estimates presented in April, the new forecast trajectory for headline and core inflation increased. This was partly the result of greater exchange rate pressure on prices, and a larger output gap, which is expected to remain positive for the remainder of 2022 and which is estimated to close towards yearend 2023. In addition, these trends take into account higher inflation rate indexation, more persistent above-target inflation expectations, a quickening of domestic fuel price increases due to the correction of lags versus the parity price and higher international oil price forecasts. The forecast supposes a good domestic supply of perishable foods, although it also considers that international prices of processed foods will remain high. In terms of the goods sub-basket, the end of the national health emergency implies a reversal of the value-added tax (VAT) refund applied to health and personal hygiene products, resulting in increases in the prices of these goods. Alternatively, the monetary policy adjustment process and the moderation of external shocks would help inflation and its expectations to begin to decrease over time and resume their alignment with the target. Thus, the new projection suggests that inflation could remain high for the second half of 2022, closing at 9.7%. However, it would begin to fall during 2023, closing the year at 5.7%. These forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty, especially regarding the future behavior of external cost shocks, the degree of indexation of nominal contracts and decisions made regarding the domestic price of fuels. Economic activity continues to outperform expectations, and the technical staff’s growth projections for 2022 have been revised upwards from 5% to 6.9%. The new forecasts suggest higher output levels that would continue to exceed the economy’s productive capacity for the remainder of 2022. Economic growth during the first quarter was above that estimated in April, while economic activity indicators for the second quarter suggest that the GDP could be expected to remain high, potentially above that of the first quarter. Domestic demand is expected to maintain a positive dynamic, in particular, due to the household consumption quarterly growth, as suggested by vehicle registrations, retail sales, credit card purchases and consumer loan disbursement figures. A slowdown in the machinery and equipment imports from the levels observed in March contrasts with the positive performance of sales and housing construction licenses, which indicates an investment level similar to that registered for the first three months of the year. International trade data suggests the trade deficit would be reduced as a consequence of import levels that would be lesser than those observed in the first quarter, and stable export levels. For the remainder of the year and 2023, a deceleration in consumption is expected from the high levels seen during the first half of the year, partially as a result of lower repressed demand, tighter domestic financial conditions and household available income deterioration due to increased inflation. Investment is expected to continue its slow recovery while remaining below pre-pandemic levels. The trade deficit is expected to tighten due to projected lower domestic demand dynamics, and high prices of oil and other basic goods exported by the country. Given the above, economic growth in the second quarter of 2022 would be 11.5%, and for 2022 and 2023 an annual growth of 6.9% and 1.1% is expected, respectively. Currently, and for the remainder of 2022, the output gap would be positive and greater than that estimated in April, and prices would be affected by demand pressures. These projections continue to be affected by significant uncertainty associated with global political tensions, the expected adjustment of monetary policy in developed countries, external demand behavior, changes in country risk outlook, and the future developments in domestic fiscal policy, among others. The high inflation levels and respective expectations, which exceed the target of the world's main central banks, largely explain the observed and anticipated increase in their monetary policy interest rates. This environment has tempered the growth forecast for external demand. Disruptions in value chains, rising international food and energy prices, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies have contributed to the rise in inflation and above-target expectations seen by several of Colombia’s main trading partners. These cost and price shocks, heightened by the effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more prevalent than expected and have taken place within a set of output and employment recovery, variables that in some countries currently equal or exceed their projected long-term levels. In response, the U.S. Federal Reserve accelerated the pace of the benchmark interest rate increase and rapidly reduced liquidity levels in the money market. Financial market actors expect this behavior to continue and, consequently, significantly increase their expectations of the average path of the Fed's benchmark interest rate. In this setting, the U.S. dollar appreciated versus the peso in the second quarter and emerging market risk measures increased, a behavior that intensified for Colombia. Given the aforementioned, for the remainder of 2022 and 2023, the Bank's technical staff increased the forecast trajectory for the Fed's interest rate and reduced the country's external demand growth forecast. The projected oil price was revised upward over the forecast horizon, specifically due to greater supply restrictions and the interruption of hydrocarbon trade between the European Union and Russia. Global geopolitical tensions, a tightening of monetary policy in developed economies, the increase in risk perception for emerging markets and the macroeconomic imbalances in the country explain the increase in the projected trajectory of the risk premium, its trend level and the neutral real interest rate1. Uncertainty about external forecasts and their consequent impact on the country's macroeconomic scenario remains high, given the unpredictable evolution of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, geopolitical tensions, the degree of the global economic slowdown and the effect the response to recent outbreaks of the pandemic in some Asian countries may have on the world economy. This macroeconomic scenario that includes high inflation, inflation forecasts, and expectations above 3% and a positive output gap suggests the need for a contractionary monetary policy that mitigates the risk of the persistent unanchoring of inflation expectations. In contrast to the forecasts of the April report, the increase in the risk premium trend implies a higher neutral real interest rate and a greater prevailing monetary stimulus than previously estimated. For its part, domestic demand has been more dynamic, with a higher observed and expected output level that exceeds the economy’s productive capacity. The surprising accelerations in the headline and core inflation reflect stronger and more persistent external shocks, which, in combination with the strength of aggregate demand, indexation, higher inflation expectations and exchange rate pressures, explain the upward projected inflation trajectory at levels that exceed the target over the next two years. This is corroborated by the inflation expectations of economic analysts and those derived from the public debt market, which continued to climb and currently exceed 3%. All of the above increase the risk of unanchoring inflation expectations and could generate widespread indexation processes that may push inflation away from the target for longer. This new macroeconomic scenario suggests that the interest rate adjustment should continue towards a contractionary monetary policy landscape. 1.2. Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s Board of Directors (BDBR), at its meetings in June and July 2022, decided to continue adjusting its monetary policy. At its June meeting, the BDBR decided to increase the monetary policy rate by 150 basis points (b.p.) and its July meeting by majority vote, on a 150 b.p. increase thereof at its July meeting. Consequently, the monetary policy interest rate currently stands at 9.0% . 1 The neutral real interest rate refers to the real interest rate level that is neither stimulative nor contractionary for aggregate demand and, therefore, does not generate pressures that lead to the close of the output gap. In a small, open economy like Colombia, this rate depends on the external neutral real interest rate, medium-term components of the country risk premium, and expected depreciation. Box 1: A Weekly Indicator of Economic Activity for Colombia Juan Pablo Cote Carlos Daniel Rojas Nicol Rodriguez Box 2: Common Inflationary Trends in Colombia Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez Nicolás Martínez-Cortés Franky Juliano Galeano-Ramírez Box 3: Shock Decomposition of 2021 Forecast Errors Nicolás Moreno Arias