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Journal articles on the topic 'Cargo'
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1
Chen, Sui Lei, Tian Ge Gao, Yin Qing Tu, Xue Nan Wang, and Feng Zhang. "Research of Cargo Truck Model Based on the Lift Bucket." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1535.
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To deal with the cargo trucks’ problem that handling of cargos is time-consuming due to the buckets of cargos can’t be lifted, this study aims to design a cargo truck with lift bucket. Based on the idea of driving principle, mechanical structure and simulation of overall modeling, this paper proposes a cargo truck model with the lift bucket. Using front-wheel drive, the newly designed cargo truck model drops the bucket near the ground or lands the bucket, which saves manual handling from the original height of bucket to the ground. Thus, operators can load or unload the lift bucket by moving the cargos at the ground level, without using cargo handling platform and lifting system or manually lifting cargos. Transportation can be achieved simply by lifting the bucket. This model not only saves manual power, but also improves handling efficiency.
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Lopez, Sergio, Ana Maria Perez-Linero, Javier Manzano-Lopez, et al. "Dual Independent Roles of the p24 Complex in Selectivity of Secretory Cargo Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum." Cells 9, no. 5 (2020): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051295.
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The cellular mechanisms that ensure the selectivity and fidelity of secretory cargo protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi are still not well understood. The p24 protein complex acts as a specific cargo receptor for GPI-anchored proteins by facilitating their ER exit through a specialized export pathway in yeast. In parallel, the p24 complex can also exit the ER using the general pathway that exports the rest of secretory proteins with their respective cargo receptors. Here, we show biochemically that the p24 complex associates at the ER with other cargo receptors in a COPII-dependent manner, forming high-molecular weight multireceptor complexes. Furthermore, live cell imaging analysis reveals that the p24 complex is required to retain in the ER secretory cargos when their specific receptors are absent. This requirement does not involve neither the unfolded protein response nor the retrograde transport from the Golgi. Our results suggest that, in addition to its role as a cargo receptor in the specialized GPI-anchored protein pathway, the p24 complex also plays an independent role in secretory cargo selectivity during its exit through the general ER export pathway, preventing the non-selective bulk flow of native secretory cargos. This mechanism would ensure receptor-regulated cargo transport, providing an additional layer of regulation of secretory cargo selectivity during ER export.
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Ríos-Barrera, L. D., S. Sigurbjörnsdóttir, M. Baer, and M. Leptin. "Dual function for Tango1 in secretion of bulky cargo and in ER-Golgi morphology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 48 (2017): E10389—E10398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711408114.
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Tango1 enables ER-to-Golgi trafficking of large proteins. We show here that loss of Tango1, in addition to disrupting protein secretion and ER/Golgi morphology, causes ER stress and defects in cell shape. We find that the previously observed dependence of smaller cargos on Tango1 is a secondary effect. If large cargos like Dumpy, which we identify as a Tango1 cargo, are removed from the cell, nonbulky proteins reenter the secretory pathway. Removal of blocking cargo also restores cell morphology and attenuates the ER-stress response. Thus, failures in the secretion of nonbulky proteins, ER stress, and defective cell morphology are secondary consequences of bulky cargo retention. By contrast, ER/Golgi defects in Tango1-depleted cells persist in the absence of bulky cargo, showing that they are due to a secretion-independent function of Tango1. Therefore, maintenance of ER/Golgi architecture and bulky cargo transport are the primary functions for Tango1.
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Santana, Leonardo Matos Sampaio, and Joilson Leopoldino Vasconcelos Júnior. "CARGOS COMISSIONADOS: BENÉFICOS OU MALÉFICOS PARA A ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 9, no. 5 (2023): 2334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v9i5.9985.
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O presente artigo possui uma abordagem sobre a criação dos cargos comissionados e quais benefícios e malefícios eles podem trazer para administração pública, além de descrever os desafios da administração pública no preenchimento dos mesmos. Sendo assim, é feita uma análise metodológica qualitativa e de revisão bibliográfica, selecionando informações em bases de dados eletrônicas, abordando conceito de administração pública e suas fases de evolução histórica, bem como aspectos teóricos acerca do ingresso no serviço público, cargo, emprego e função pública, cargo vitalício, cargo de provimento efetivo e cargo de provimento em comissão, além de relacionar as vantagens e desvantagens da proliferação dos cargos de provimento em comissão com a boa gestão pública, e como seu desvio de finalidade para fins políticos prejudica o serviço prestado a população. Desta forma, a partir da coleta e análise de dados com informações, doutrinarias, bibliográficas e jurisprudenciais busca apresentar resultados positivos referentes à melhor utilização e criação dos cargos comissionados por parte da administração pública.
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Castillo Ramos-Bossini, Susana E. "concepto de alto cargo." Revista Andaluza de Administración Pública, no. 113 (August 31, 2022): 75–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.46735/raap.n113.1348.
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Este estudio analiza el concepto de alto cargo desde el punto de vista de la normativa sobre buen gobierno y altos cargos dictada en los últimos años en el ámbito estatal, autonómico y local. La realidad es que el legislador ha hecho de la noción de alto cargo un concepto impreciso e inacabado. Esta cuestión no es de importancia menor, pues de ello dependerá el régimen jurídico del desempeño del cargo y a quiénes se puede exigir la responsabilidad administrativa a que se refieren dichas normas.
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Suzuki, Sho W., Ya-Shan Chuang, Ming Li, Matthew N. J. Seaman, and Scott D. Emr. "A bipartite sorting signal ensures specificity of retromer complex in membrane protein recycling." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 9 (2019): 2876–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201901019.
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Retromer is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex, which sorts functionally diverse membrane proteins into recycling tubules/vesicles from the endosome. Many of the identified cargos possess a recycling signal sequence defined as ØX[L/M/V], where Ø is F/Y/W. However, this sequence is present in almost all proteins encoded in the genome. Also, several identified recycling sequences do not follow this rule. How then does retromer precisely select its cargos? Here, we reveal that an additional motif is also required for cargo retrieval. The two distinct motifs form a bipartite recycling signal recognized by the retromer subunits, Vps26 and Vps35. Strikingly, Vps26 utilizes different binding sites depending on the cargo, allowing retromer to recycle different membrane proteins. Thus, retromer interacts with cargos in a more complex manner than previously thought, which facilitates precise cargo recognition.
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Ojutalayo, John F., Kenneth U. Nnadi, Obed B. Ndikom, Bonaventure A. C. Akujuobi, and Theophilus C. Nwokedi. "Assessment of the Influence of Maritime Piracy and Sea Robbery on Cargo throughput Performance of Nigerian Ports." European Journal of Maritime Research 2, no. 3 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/maritime.2023.2.3.1.
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The study assessed the impact of maritime piracy and sea robbery on the cargo throughput performance of Nigeria ports. The central objective of the study was to determine the significances of the influences of levels of attacks against ships trading in global cum local waters and maritime insecurity induced cargo pilferage levels on the cargo throughput performance of Nigeria ports. The study used secondary data sourced from the Nigerian ports authority, and the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) on the cargo throughput, levels of pirate attacks against ships in local; and global waters, level of cargo pilferages in ports and used for the study. The multiple regression analysis method was used to analyze the dataset obtained using cargo throughput performance of the ports as the dependent variable while global attacks, local attacks and volume of cargo pilfered were used as independent variables. the model showing the effects of maritime piracy and sea robbery attacks on the cargo throughput performance of the Nigerian ports is: CARGOt= 0.729700 +0.0140GLOTAKSt – 0.0921LOTAKSt –0.0003VOCARPt ….. (2). It indicates that a unit increase in attacks in global waters increases the cargo throughput in Nigerian ports by 0.0140 units while a unit increase in local attacks by pirates within the Nigerian territorial waters causes cargo throughput performance of Nigerian ports to decrease by 0.0921 units. Similarly, a unit increase in cargo pilferage associated with maritime insecurity in Nigeria ports causes the cargo throughput performance of the ports to decrease by 0.0003 units. It is also found that that there is a significant impact of the level of maritime piracy/sea robbery on the cargo throughput performance of the Nigerian seaports.
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Xavier de Menezes, Raimundo. "Descrições de cargos." Revista do Serviço Público 72, no. 03 (2020): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v72i3.4369.
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Descrições de cargos: conceituação — Uma descrição de cargo consistena exposição escrita de fatos importantes para a administração e concernentesàs atribuições, responsabilidades e relações organizacionais inerentes a umcargo. O conteúdo de cada cargo aparece em combinações tão variadas quesua descrição não pode integrar-se numa fórmula rígida, com itens predeterminados.Conseqüentemente, a parte principal da descrição do cargo é usualmentedactilografada numa fôlha de papel comum e anexada a modelo próprio,que consiste, antes de tudo, numa capa, utilizada para fins de identificaçãoe autenticação.
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Guzmán-Brito, Alejandro. "Las principales diferencias de la organización administrativa de la época republicana y de la época imperial." Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo, no. 16 (December 15, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/21452946.n16.07.
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La que podemos denominar “administración pública” de la época republicana romana se caracterizaba por su adaptación a las siguientes reglas: temporalidad limitada en el ejercicio de los cargos públicos, elección popular de sus titulares, gratuidad en su desempeño, pluralidad de titulares para un mismo cargo y colegialidad entre ellos, ausencia de jerarquía y autonomía e independencia de cada titular, carga personal en los gastos causados en el ejercicio de los cargos públicos. El régimen imperial introdujo las reglas exactamente contrarias. Si se tiene presente que estas reglas contrarias aún rigen la organización administrativa de los Estados modernos, se colige que las bases de la moderna administración derivan del Imperio romano.
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Nie, Chao, Huimin Wang, Rui Wang, David Ginsburg, and Xiao-Wei Chen. "Dimeric sorting code for concentrative cargo selection by the COPII coat." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 14 (2018): E3155—E3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704639115.
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The flow of cargo vesicles along the secretory pathway requires concerted action among various regulators. The COPII complex, assembled by the activated SAR1 GTPases on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, orchestrates protein interactions to package cargos and generate transport vesicles en route to the Golgi. The dynamic nature of COPII, however, hinders analysis with conventional biochemical assays. Here we apply proximity-dependent biotinylation labeling to capture the dynamics of COPII transport in cells. When SAR1B was fused with a promiscuous biotin ligase, BirA*, the fusion protein SAR1B-BirA* biotinylates and thus enables the capture of COPII machinery and cargos in a GTP-dependent manner. Biochemical and pulse–chase imaging experiments demonstrate that the COPII coat undergoes a dynamic cycle of engagement–disengagement with the transmembrane cargo receptor LMAN1/ERGIC53. LMAN1 undergoes a process of concentrative sorting by the COPII coat, via a dimeric sorting code generated by oligomerization of the cargo receptor. Similar oligomerization events have been observed with other COPII sorting signals, suggesting that dimeric/multimeric sorting codes may serve as a general mechanism to generate selectivity of cargo sorting.
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Ayantoyinbo, B. B., and A. E. Gbadegesin. "Examination of the Characteristics of Air Cargo Delivery in Nigeria." Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic Management 3, no. 2 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6965807.
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Air transportation is the fastest means of conveying cargo from one place to another, most especially over long distance. However, majority of research in this area have concentrated on passenger satisfaction, while not much research has been carried out on efficiency of air cargo delivery in Nigeria. Therefore, this study assessed the characteristics of air cargo delivery in Nigeria. The study was carried out at the cargo terminal of Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos State, Nigeria. Cochran’s formula was used to reduce the population to a sampling size of 239. Random sampling technique by balloting was used to select the sampling size effectively. The study objective was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The characteristics of air cargo were identified to be: sorting for loading and shipment, applying for loading and shipment, dispatching and packing of cargo, cargo aircraft-side operations, checking of cargo order delivery, checking of cargo orders, loading and unloading of cargo, making of cargo delivery payment, seeing and picking of cargo documents and reorganization of cargo order. The study concluded that some of the characteristics of air cargo identified were not rated positively by the participants and needs some improvement while some are rated excellently. The study recommended that cargo airline should improve on service such as: reorganization of cargo order seeing and picking of cargo documents and the making of cargo delivery payment.
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Chen, Yan, Jeffery Yong, Antonio Martínez-Sánchez, et al. "Dynamic instability of clathrin assembly provides proofreading control for endocytosis." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 10 (2019): 3200–3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201804136.
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Clathrin-mediated endocytosis depends on the formation of functional clathrin-coated pits that recruit cargos and mediate the uptake of those cargos into the cell. However, it remains unclear whether the cargos in the growing clathrin-coated pits are actively monitored by the coat assembly machinery. Using a cell-free reconstitution system, we report that clathrin coat formation and cargo sorting can be uncoupled, indicating that a checkpoint is required for functional cargo incorporation. We demonstrate that the ATPase Hsc70 and a dynamic exchange of clathrin during assembly are required for this checkpoint. In the absence of Hsc70 function, clathrin assembles into pits but fails to enrich cargo. Using single-molecule imaging, we further show that uncoating takes place throughout the lifetime of the growing clathrin-coated pits. Our results suggest that the dynamic exchange of clathrin, at the cost of the reduced overall assembly rates, primarily serves as a proofreading mechanism for quality control of endocytosis.
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Iwata, Kakuya, and Osamu Matsum. "Aerial Cargo Robot (Cargo UAV)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, no. 3 (2014): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0394.
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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00260003/14.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Flight test of Cargo UAV</span></div> Safety is the most important factor in the civil use of aerial robots. Research on aerial cargo robots, also known as cargo unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) started in 2004. The first ACR prototype flight was made on November 22, 2005. The ACR prototype consists of a flexible airfoil, twin microturbojet engines and a gravity center (GC) controller. The ACR meets the following four safety requirements: (i) touchability, i.e., without propellers or rotors, (ii) the low sink rate of a parachute, i.e., below 1.0 m/s, (iii) low stall speed, i.e., <30 km/h, (iv) a redundancy arrangement control. The most important safety specification of all is infallibility in ACR service applications. </span>
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Ren, Jihui, Younghoon Kee, Jon M. Huibregtse, and Robert C. Piper. "Hse1, a Component of the Yeast Hrs-STAM Ubiquitin-sorting Complex, Associates with Ubiquitin Peptidases and a Ligase to Control Sorting Efficiency into Multivesicular Bodies." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 1 (2007): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-06-0557.
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Ubiquitinated integral membrane proteins are delivered to the interior of the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process relies on specific ubiquitination of potential cargo and recognition of that Ub-cargo by sorting receptors at multiple compartments. We show that the endosomal Hse1-Vps27 sorting receptor binds to ubiquitin peptidases and the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. Hse1 is linked to Rsp5 directly via a PY element within its C-terminus and through a novel protein Hua1, which recruits a complex of Rsp5, Rup1, and Ubp2. The SH3 domain of Hse1 also binds to the deubiquitinating protein Ubp7. Functional analysis shows that when both modes of Rsp5 association with Hse1 are altered, sorting of cargo that requires efficient ubiquitination for entry into the MVB is blocked, whereas sorting of cargo containing an in-frame addition of ubiquitin is normal. Further deletion of Ubp7 restores sorting of cargo when the Rsp5:Hse1 interaction is compromised suggesting that both ubiquitin ligases and peptidases associate with the Hse1-Vps27 sorting complex to control the ubiquitination status and sorting efficiency of cargo proteins. Additionally, we find that disruption of UBP2 and RUP1 inhibits MVB sorting of some cargos suggesting that Rsp5 requires association with Ubp2 to properly ubiquitinate cargo for efficient MVB sorting.
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Rohde, David W. "Propensão ao risco e ambição progressiva: o caso dos deputados federais nos Estados Unidos." Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política, no. 8 (August 2012): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-33522012000200008.
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O artigo analisa a decisão dos membros da Câmara de Deputados dos Estados Unidos (House of Representatives) de concorrer ou não a um cargo superior (governador ou senador) durante o período de 1954 a 1974. O trabalho difere de análises anteriores sobre ambição por oferecer uma base teórica mais concreta para o estudo da ambição progressiva e tentar predizer quais deputados vão se candidatar a cargos superiores, mais do que apenas analisar as carreiras daqueles que o fizeram. Apresentam-se hipóteses que tratam da probabilidade de se eleger para o cargo superior, do valor deste cargo, do valor do cargo atual e do impacto causado pela condição de "propensos ao risco" ou não dos deputados. A seguir, testam-se as hipóteses. Por fim, discute-se uma série de outras hipóteses que resultam da teoria.
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Cazelato de Souza, Débora. "Não poderá o juiz de fora servir os três lugares”: a criação do juizado de órfãos em Salvador (1725)." Temas Americanistas, no. 47 (2021): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/temas-americanistas.2021.i47.12.
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No ano de 1696 os juízes de fora foram criados em Salvador. Tais juízes exerciam concomitantemente três cargos. Diante das dificuldades da administração da justiça, em 1725, D. João V instalou o cargo de juízes de órfãos em separado dos juízes forâneos. Portanto, percebe-se que a instalação deste cargo não se deu devido uma queixa direta aos ministros e sim ao acúmulo excessivo de trabalho.
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Korovyakovskiy, Evgeny, and Mardonbek Saburov. "Ways to a Rise Efficiency of Logistic Provision for International Transport System “Agroexpress” Activity on the Basis of One-Criterion Optimization." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 19, no. 2 (2022): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2022-19-2-276-285.
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Purpose: To develop technology variants to provide for necessary level of cargo traffic for trains “Agroexpress” and mathematical model proposal for these purposes. Methods: System analysis, operation mathematical optimization and linear programming. Results: Work flows on provision of agricultural cargos of the being considered train are analyzed. Mathematical model of provision of agro-production of “Agroexpress” trains in Uzbekistan is developed. With the help of the model, there is a possibility to improve work technology on provision of cargo traffic of “Agroexpress” in sufficient quantity by minimal expenditure criterion. Practical importance: The proposed model creates favorable conditions for increasing foreign cargo traffic of Russia and Uzbekistan. With the help of the model it is possible to improve the technology of work to ensure the cargo traffic in a sufficient number of “Agroexpress” on the criterion of minimum costs.
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KUZNETSOV, A. V. "MODELING OF ORGANELLE ENTRY IN AN AXON AND DENDRITE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 05 (2012): 1250026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519412500261.
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The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical description of cargo transport in the entrance regions of axons and dendrites. The model accounts for the difference in microtubule (MT) orientation between axons and dendrites: axons have a uniform MT polarity orientation while dendrites have a mixed MT polarity orientation. Because of that, cargos pulled by dynein motors can enter dendrites but cannot enter axons. It is thus assumed that cargos are targeted to axons by associating them with kinesin motors and cargos are targeted to dendrites by associating them with dynein motors. Analytical solutions of the developed equations describing cargo concentrations in the entrance regions of axons and dendrites are obtained.
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Liu, Allen P., François Aguet, Gaudenz Danuser, and Sandra L. Schmid. "Local clustering of transferrin receptors promotes clathrin-coated pit initiation." Journal of Cell Biology 191, no. 7 (2010): 1381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201008117.
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Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major pathway for concentrative uptake of receptors and receptor–ligand complexes (cargo). Although constitutively internalized cargos are known to accumulate into maturing clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), whether and how cargo recruitment affects the initiation and maturation of CCPs is not fully understood. Previous studies have addressed these issues by analyzing the global effects of receptor overexpression on CME or CCP dynamics. Here, we exploit a refined approach using expression of a biotinylated transferrin receptor (bTfnR) and controlling its local clustering using mono- or multivalent streptavidin. We show that local clustering of bTfnR increased CCP initiation. By tracking cargo loading in individual CCPs, we found that bTfnR clustering preceded clathrin assembly and confirmed that bTfnR-containing CCPs mature more efficiently than bTfnR-free CCPs. Although neither the clustering nor the related changes in cargo loading altered the rate of CCP maturation, bTfnR-containing CCPs exhibited significantly longer lifetimes than other CCPs within the same cell. Together these results demonstrate that cargo composition is a key source of the differential dynamics of CCPs.
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Kohler, Stefan, Norman Sitali, and Nicolas Paul. "A Framework for Assessing Import Costs of Medical Supplies and Results for a Tuberculosis Program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan." Health Data Science 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9813732.
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Background. Import of medical supplies is common, but limited knowledge about import costs and their structure introduces uncertainty to budget planning, cost management, and cost-effectiveness analysis of health programs. We aimed to estimate the import costs of a tuberculosis (TB) program in Uzbekistan, including the import costs of specific imported items. Methods. We developed a framework that applies costing and cost accounting to import costs. First, transport costs, customs-related costs, cargo weight, unit weights, and quantities ordered were gathered for a major shipment of medical supplies from the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Procurement Unit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to a TB program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, in 2016. Second, air freight, land freight, and customs clearance cost totals were estimated. Third, total import costs were allocated to different cargos (standard, cool, and frozen), items (e.g., TB drugs), and units (e.g., one tablet) based on imported weight and quantity. Data sources were order invoices, waybills, the local MSF logistics department, and an MSF standard product list. Results. The shipment contained 1.8 million units of 85 medical items of standard, cool, and frozen cargo. The average import cost for the TB program was 9.0% of the shipment value. Import cost varied substantially between cargos (8.9–28% of the cargo value) and items (interquartile range 4.5–35% of the item value). The largest portion of the total import cost was caused by transport (82–99% of the cargo import cost) and allocated based on imported weight. Ten (14%) of the 69 items imported as standard cargo were associated with 85% of the standard cargo import cost. Standard cargo items could be grouped based on contributing to import costs predominantly through unit weight (e.g., fluids), imported quantity (e.g., tablets), or the combination of unit weight and imported quantity (e.g., items in powder form). Conclusion. The cost of importing medical supplies to a TB program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, was sizable, variable, and driven by a subset of imported items. The framework used to measure and account import costs can be adapted to other health programs.
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Gentry, Schuyler B., Scott J. Nowak, Xuelei Ni, et al. "A real-time assay for cell-penetrating peptide-mediated delivery of molecular cargos." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0254468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254468.
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Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are capable of transporting molecules to which they are tethered across cellular membranes. Unsurprisingly, CPPs have attracted attention for their potential drug delivery applications, but several technical hurdles remain to be overcome. Chief among them is the so-called ‘endosomal escape problem,’ i.e. the propensity of CPP-cargo molecules to be endocytosed but remain entrapped in endosomes rather than reaching the cytosol. Previously, a CPP fused to calmodulin that bound calmodulin binding site-containing cargos was shown to efficiently deliver cargos to the cytoplasm, effectively overcoming the endosomal escape problem. The CPP-adaptor, “TAT-CaM,” evinces delivery at nM concentrations and more rapidly than we had previously been able to measure. To better understand the kinetics and mechanism of CPP-adaptor-mediated cargo delivery, a real-time cell penetrating assay was developed in which a flow chamber containing cultured cells was installed on the stage of a confocal microscope to allow for observation ab initio. Also examined in this study was an improved CPP-adaptor that utilizes naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) calmodulin in place of human and results in superior internalization, likely due to its lesser net negative charge. Adaptor-cargo complexes were delivered into the flow chamber and fluorescence intensity in the midpoint of baby hamster kidney cells was measured as a function of time. Delivery of 400 nM cargo was observed within seven minutes and fluorescence continued to increase linearly as a function of time. Cargo-only control experiments showed that the minimal uptake which occurred independently of the CPP-adaptor resulted in punctate localization consistent with endosomal entrapment. A distance analysis was performed for cell-penetration experiments in which CPP-adaptor-delivered cargo showing wider dispersions throughout cells as compared to an analogous covalently-bound CPP-cargo. Small molecule endocytosis inhibitors did not have significant effects upon delivery. The real-time assay is an improvement upon static endpoint assays and should be informative in a broad array of applications.
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Yang, Weidong, та Siegfried M. Musser. "Nuclear import time and transport efficiency depend on importin β concentration". Journal of Cell Biology 174, № 7 (2006): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200605053.
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Although many components and reaction steps necessary for bidirectional transport across the nuclear envelope (NE) have been characterized, the mechanism and control of cargo migration through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) remain poorly understood. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy was used to track the movement of cargos before, during, and after their interactions with NPCs. At low importin β concentrations, about half of the signal-dependent cargos that interacted with an NPC were translocated across the NE, indicating a nuclear import efficiency of ∼50%. At high importin β concentrations, the import efficiency increased to ∼80% and the transit speed increased approximately sevenfold. The transit speed and import efficiency of a signal-independent cargo was also increased by high importin β concentrations. These results demonstrate that maximum nucleocytoplasmic transport velocities can be modulated by at least ∼10-fold by the importin β concentration and therefore suggest a potential mechanism for regulating the speed of cargo traffic across the NE.
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Ni, Kareemah, Chenghao Wang, Jonathan M. Carnino, and Yang Jin. "The Evolving Role of Caveolin-1: A Critical Regulator of Extracellular Vesicles." Medical Sciences 8, no. 4 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci8040046.
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Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in mediating intercellular communication and inter-organ crosstalk both at normal physiological conditions and in the pathogenesis of human diseases. EV cargos are made up of a broad spectrum of molecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and microRNAs. The complex EV cargo composition is cell type-specific. A dynamic change in EV cargos occurs along with extracellular stimuli and a change in the pathophysiological status of the host. Currently, the underlying mechanisms by which EVs are formed and EV cargos are selected in the absence and presence of noxious stimuli and pathogens remain incompletely explored. The term EVs refers to a heterogeneous group of vesicles generated via different mechanisms. Some EVs are formed via direct membrane budding, while the others are produced through multivesicular bodies (MVBs) or during apoptosis. Despite the complexity of EV formation and EV cargo selection, recent studies suggest that caveolin-1, a well-known structural protein of caveolae, regulates the formation and cargo selection of some EVs, such as microvesicles (MVs). In this article, we will review the current understanding of this emerging and novel role of cav-1.
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Destombes, Christelle. "cargo." Vacarme 4 - 5, no. 4 (1997): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vaca.004.0019.
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Galin, A. V., P. S. Rudny, and K. A. Galin. "Monte-Carlo analysis model for evaluation of container terminal parameters." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 16, no. 6 (2025): 837–46. https://doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2024-16-6-837-846.
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This paper considers using Monte-Carlo analysis method for evaluation some of the parameters of a container terminal. A high amount of scientific work on this topic is noted in domestic literature. International scientific literature concerning usage of Monte-Carlo method for simulating different parameters of container terminals is also analyzed. We note that foreign authors often use Monte-Carlo analysis as an auxiliary method, for example, for checking results of discrete-event simulation model of a complicated logistical system for adequacy, whereas domestic authors often use Monte-Carlo analysis as a method for direct evaluation of container or other cargo terminals parameters. This study proposes a variant of a model for evaluating the necessary container yard capacity, its area and berth utilization of a container terminal, using Monte-Carlo analysis method. We develop a model based on analytical formulas, where some initial parameters take form of probabilistic distributions, rather than determined values. Such parameters are expected cargo turnover, vessel handling equipment productivity and container dwell times. It should be noted that all these parameters can be preliminarily evaluated by port designers, investors or cargo terminal operators. We show an example of model calculations using Monte-Carlo analysis method and some values of initial parameters. Observed results are adequate for a model of such scope as it shows, for example, that most expected value of berth utilization becomes lower as the number of berths becomes larger.
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Saraogi, Ishu, David Akopian, and Shu-ou Shan. "Regulation of cargo recognition, commitment, and unloading drives cotranslational protein targeting." Journal of Cell Biology 205, no. 5 (2014): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201311028.
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Efficient and accurate protein localization is essential to cells and requires protein-targeting machineries to both effectively capture the cargo in the cytosol and productively unload the cargo at the membrane. To understand how these challenges are met, we followed the interaction of translating ribosomes during their targeting by the signal recognition particle (SRP) using a site-specific fluorescent probe in the nascent protein. We show that initial recruitment of SRP receptor (SR) selectively enhances the affinity of SRP for correct cargos, thus committing SRP-dependent substrates to the pathway. Real-time measurement of cargo transfer from the targeting to translocation machinery revealed multiple factors that drive this event, including GTPase rearrangement in the SRP–SR complex, stepwise displacement of SRP from the ribosome and signal sequence by SecYEG, and elongation of the nascent polypeptide. Our results elucidate how active and sequential regulation of the SRP–cargo interaction drives efficient and faithful protein targeting.
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vom Saal, Robert J., Igor Mizine, Laurent C. Deschamps, and Richard W. Thorpe. "Dual-Use Short Sea Shipping Trimaran Trailership HSTT-180." Marine Technology and SNAME News 42, no. 03 (2005): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2005.42.3.132.
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This paper describes the concept design of a high-speed trimaran roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) designed for commercial cargo but readily convertible to military use. It is designed for a coastal express service, such as Port Canaveral, Florida, to Wilmington, Delaware, so the emphasis is on speed, simplicity, and reliability. All the RO/RO cargo is carried on the main deck, and there is room for a limited number of passengers to accompany their cargos.
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Surovtsev, Ivan V., Manuel Campos, and Christine Jacobs-Wagner. "DNA-relay mechanism is sufficient to explain ParA-dependent intracellular transport and patterning of single and multiple cargos." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 46 (2016): E7268—E7276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616118113.
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Spatial ordering of macromolecular components inside cells is important for cellular physiology and replication. In bacteria, ParA/B systems are known to generate various intracellular patterns that underlie the transport and partitioning of low-copy-number cargos such as plasmids. ParA/B systems consist of ParA, an ATPase that dimerizes and binds DNA upon ATP binding, and ParB, a protein that binds the cargo and stimulates ParA ATPase activity. Inside cells, ParA is asymmetrically distributed, forming a propagating wave that is followed by the ParB-rich cargo. These correlated dynamics lead to cargo oscillation or equidistant spacing over the nucleoid depending on whether the cargo is in single or multiple copies. Currently, there is no model that explains how these different spatial patterns arise and relate to each other. Here, we test a simple DNA-relay model that has no imposed asymmetry and that only considers the ParA/ParB biochemistry and the known fluctuating and elastic dynamics of chromosomal loci. Stochastic simulations with experimentally derived parameters demonstrate that this model is sufficient to reproduce the signature patterns of ParA/B systems: the propagating ParA gradient correlated with the cargo dynamics, the single-cargo oscillatory motion, and the multicargo equidistant patterning. Stochasticity of ATP hydrolysis breaks the initial symmetry in ParA distribution, resulting in imbalance of elastic force acting on the cargo. Our results may apply beyond ParA/B systems as they reveal how a minimal system of two players, one binding to DNA and the other modulating this binding, can transform directionally random DNA fluctuations into directed motion and intracellular patterning.
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Katin, Viktor, Vladimir Kosygin, Midkhat Akhtiamov, and Andrey Lutsenko. "Elaboration and model analysis of characteristics of the flexible liner for an oil tank car." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901030.
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The article focuses on the original author's development – the flexible liner for a rail tank car that allows reducing the risk of leakage of hazardous liquid cargos (in particular crude oil or petroleum products) during their transportation by rail. Application of the liner allows ensuring hermetical containment of a tank car even if a barrel has any minor defects, excludes a contact of cargo with tank walls, which leads to increase in the security of hazardous liquid cargo transportation. This original development enables ensuring the safety and security of hazardous cargo transportation and minimizing its impact on the environment. The liner can also be used for increasing the service life of a rail tank car and reducing the costs of its maintenance.
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Coradini, Odaci Luiz. "Categorias sócio-profissionais, titulação escolar e disputas eleitorais." Revista de Sociologia e Política 20, no. 41 (2012): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-44782012000100008.
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O artigo expõe resultados da análise das relações entre recursos de posição social, investimentos financeiros em campanhas e resultados em disputas eleitorais de diferentes níveis. Foram incluídos os candidatos às eleições municipais de 2004 e gerais de 2006. No que tange aos recursos de posição social, foram examinadas particularmente as associações com a condição profissional e com a titulação escolar. Foram examinados também os efeitos da ocupação prévia de cargos eletivos. Conforme a hipótese geral perseguida, por um lado, ocorre um processo de concentração nas categorias ocupacionais que representam posição social mais alta e mais fortemente associada à titulação escolar mais valorizada na medida em que o cargo em disputa é hierarquicamente mais elevado. Além disso, nas disputas para cada cargo os efeitos desses recursos estão presentes nas chances de sucesso ou fracasso eleitoral. Por outro lado, além dos recursos associados à ocupação e ao grau de escolarização, na medida em que o cargo em disputa é mais elevado e as chances de sucesso são mais altas, também cresce o peso do "carisma de função" decorrente da ocupação prévia de cargos eletivos.
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Ponte, Luiz Eduardo de Paula. "Breve ensaio acerca da posse em cargo, função ou emprego público civil efetivo por militar." Revista Controle - Doutrina e Artigos 12, no. 1 (2014): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32586/rcda.v12i1.216.
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O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as consequências funcionais quando um agente público, investido em um cargo militar, toma posse também em um cargo, emprego ou função pública efetivo. Inicia-se buscando realizar uma leitura acerca das diferenças existentes entre os cargos marcial e civil, com o fito de demonstrar a necessidade de afastar a acumulação daquelas incumbências estatais. Após uma breve passagem pelo supedâneo constitucional que trata do tema, o próprio bloco de constitucionalidade pátrio nos traz as exceções à matéria, revelando-se, por fim, que a jurisprudência vem pacificando, em determinadas hipóteses, a possibilidade do acúmulo entre cargos, empregos ou funções públicas civil e militar, mormente, quando se referir as atividades castrense e da docência
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De Mello, Celso. "Cargo público - Brasileiro naturalizado - Português." Revista de Direito Administrativo 185 (July 1, 1991): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rda.v185.1991.44585.
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- Cargos públicos privativos de brasileiros natos eram unicamente, no regime constitucional anterior, os relacionados, exaustivamente, no parágrafo único do art. 145 da Constituição de 1969.- Nos termos do Estatuto da Igualdade o português passa a ser tratado como se fosse brasileiro naturalizado.- Ao súdito português, equiparado a brasileiro naturalizado, não era defeso o cargo e posto de Oficial da Policia Militar.
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Sugawara, Takeshi, and Kunihiko Kaneko. "Chemophoresis engine: A general mechanism of ATPase-driven cargo transport." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 7 (2022): e1010324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010324.
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Cell polarity regulates the orientation of the cytoskeleton members that directs intracellular transport for cargo-like organelles, using chemical gradients sustained by ATP or GTP hydrolysis. However, how cargo transports are directly mediated by chemical gradients remains unknown. We previously proposed a physical mechanism that enables directed movement of cargos, referred to as chemophoresis. According to the mechanism, a cargo with reaction sites is subjected to a chemophoresis force in the direction of the increased concentration. Based on this, we introduce an extended model, the chemophoresis engine, as a general mechanism of cargo motion, which transforms chemical free energy into directed motion through the catalytic ATP hydrolysis. We applied the engine to plasmid motion in a ParABS system to demonstrate the self-organization system for directed plasmid movement and pattern dynamics of ParA-ATP concentration, thereby explaining plasmid equi-positioning and pole-to-pole oscillation observed in bacterial cells and in vitro experiments. We mathematically show the existence and stability of the plasmid-surfing pattern, which allows the cargo-directed motion through the symmetry-breaking transition of the ParA-ATP spatiotemporal pattern. We also quantitatively demonstrate that the chemophoresis engine can work even under in vivo conditions. Finally, we discuss the chemophoresis engine as one of the general mechanisms of hydrolysis-driven intracellular transport.
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Rueangkham, Naruemon, Miguel Valle-Inclán Cabello, Franziska Lautenschläger, and Rhoda J. Hawkins. "Nuclear deformation by microtubule molecular motors." PLOS Computational Biology 21, no. 5 (2025): e1012305. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012305.
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We present a model to calculate the displacement and extension of deformable cellular cargo pulled by molecular motors stepping along cytoskeletal filaments. We consider the case of a single type of molecular motor and cytoskeletal filaments oriented in one dimension in opposite directions on either side of a cargo. We model a deformable cargo as a simple elastic spring. We simulate this tug-of-war simple exclusion process model using a Monte Carlo Gillespie algorithm and calculate the displacement and extension of the cargo for different configurations of motors and filaments. We apply our model to kinesin-1 motors on microtubules to investigate whether they are strong enough to translocate and deform the largest cellular cargo, the nucleus. We show that the extension caused by motors on a single microtubule saturates for larger numbers of motors but that the extension and displacement scales linearly with the number of microtubules. We also show how the binding and unbinding behaviors of molecular motors on microtubule filaments affect the nuclear deformation. Our modelling results correspond to experiments on cells treated with the drug kinesore, which is thought to increase rescue events resulting in more stable microtubules and more active kinesin-1 molecular motors bound to them. Both the experiments and our simulations result in nuclear deformation.
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Lima, Rafael Augusto Pereira, and Francisco Ricardo Duarte. "Regime jurídico administrativo dos servidores na PEC 32/2020." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado 15, no. 6 (2024): e3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v15i6.3871.
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O presente artigo analisa a Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) nº 32/2020, do Poder Executivo Federal, que propõe uma reforma administrativa no regime jurídico dos servidores públicos no Brasil. Para tanto, foi feito um estudo exploratório e descritivo, através da análise documental do Projeto de Emenda à Constituição nº 32/2020 e literaturas, artigos, painéis, decretos e leis em sites oficiais. A PEC introduz cinco modalidades de vínculo jurídico-administrativo: vínculo de experiência, vínculo por prazo determinado, cargo com vínculo por prazo indeterminado, cargo típico de Estado e cargo de liderança e assessoramento. O vínculo de experiência é criticado por sua precariedade, podendo prejudicar a seleção transparente de candidatos. O vínculo por prazo determinado amplia as possibilidades de contratação temporária, suscitando preocupações sobre possíveis restrições ao direito de greve. O cargo com vínculo por prazo indeterminado diferencia servidores, fragilizando a estabilidade e a atuação impessoal do Estado. O cargo típico de Estado mantém características estatutárias, mas a PEC propõe reduzir o período de estabilização para um ano. O cargo de liderança e assessoramento amplia o uso de cargos em comissão, aumentando interferências políticas. A proposta previdenciária obriga alguns servidores a aderirem ao Regime Próprio de Previdência Social, gerando contradições em municípios sem esse regime. Conclui-se que a PEC 32/2020 suscita questões complexas sobre eficiência, meritocracia, estabilidade e princípios constitucionais, demandando uma reflexão profunda sobre seus impactos no serviço público brasileiro.
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PRAIYA, PANJEE, and AMORNSAWADWATANA SATAPORN. "CARGO INSURANCE IN THAILAND'S BORDER TRADE." Seybold Report Journal 18, no. 08 (2023): 1769–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8337331.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> To avoid the cargo damage during the transportation is one of the concerns for shippers and consignees. Since cargo damage not only results in the loss of valuable goods but also define significant financial, temporal, and resource burdens on the transporting company. Addressing damaged goods need the collaboration with insurance providers to recuperate losses, a process that can be time-consuming and resource intensive. As such, a proactive approach involving the procurement of insurance coverage prior to the commencement of cargo transportation is highly advisable. Authors focus on development of cross-border cargoes insurance in Thailand. The purpose of this journal was to analyze the risks and the trend of the cross-border cargo insurance in Thailand’s border trade. This research was conducted through qualitative research methods. The data were collected from sources of research publication and government entity. Therefore, based on synthesis and extraction factors, author discover the potential trend for the cargo insurance increasing among Thailand and its neighboring countries and this data could be further developed as a tool for assessing the cargo insurance.
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Nazarko, Taras Y., Jean-Claude Farré, and Suresh Subramani. "Peroxisome Size Provides Insights into the Function of Autophagy-related Proteins." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 17 (2009): 3828–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-03-0221.
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Autophagy is a major pathway of intracellular degradation mediated by formation of autophagosomes. Recently, autophagy was implicated in the degradation of intracellular bacteria, whose size often exceeds the capacity of normal autophagosomes. However, the adaptations of the autophagic machinery for sequestration of large cargos were unknown. Here we developed a yeast model system to study the effect of cargo size on the requirement of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins. We controlled the size of peroxisomes before their turnover by pexophagy, the selective autophagy of peroxisomes, and found that peroxisome size determines the requirement of Atg11 and Atg26. Small peroxisomes can be degraded without these proteins. However, Atg26 becomes essential for degradation of medium peroxisomes. Additionally, the pexophagy-specific phagophore assembly site, organized by the dual interaction of Atg30 with functionally active Atg11 and Atg17, becomes essential for degradation of large peroxisomes. In contrast, Atg28 is partially required for all autophagy-related pathways independent of cargo size, suggesting it is a component of the core autophagic machinery. As a rule, the larger the cargo, the more cargo-specific Atg proteins become essential for its sequestration.
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Hao, Chan. "Simulation of the duration of cargo operations at the stations on the route of Groupaged block container train." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 4 (2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-4-111-117.
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The article is devoted to modelling the duration of cargo operations at intermediate stations on the route of a modular express freight container train (MEFCT), that is, a train with a fixed schedule heading from the initial to the final station without remarshalling a rolling-stock, but performing the cargo handling operations for loading/unloading of containers at intermediate stops on the route. Cargo handling operations at intermediate stations of a MEFCT entail a non-productive run of a loader along the train from one container to be reloaded to the other. In the case of a random placement of containers on a train, the completion time of the complex of cargo handling operations will be a random variable. Modelling of this random variable is carried out on the basis of the Monte-Carlo method in order to determine the most probable time of stopping of a train to perform cargo handling operations, as well as possible deviations from the average value. At the same time, duration of the complex of cargo handling operations at the station is proposed to be estimated depending on the volume of loading/unloading operations of containers at each point and the distance travelled by a loader along a train, which is given in the model by a random evenly distributed value. Based on numerical experiments with the model, the regression dependence of the time of cargo handling operations on the volume of container loading was established, as well as variations of this value due to the random nature of the placement of containers on a train. The model allows you to form a reasonable timetable for a MEFCT and increase the reliability of departure time of a train.
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Sabaydash, Marina Vladislavovna. "Retrospective analysis of commercial sea ports operation during first five-year plans and their role in USSR economic industrialization (1928-1940)." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 4 (2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-4-83-97.
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The article highlights the general regularities of the economic development of commercial sea ports in the USSR and defines their role in industrialization of the country. For the first time there has been carried out a comparative analysis of sea port cargo turnover dynamics in relation to the ports of Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the USA and France. The rates of port cargo turnover growth are investigated in comparison with the rates of industrial production growth, the volume of railway and inland water transport. The changes in the main cargo flows connected to the industrialization of the economy in all sea basins of the USSR have been studied. The dynamics of different types of cargo transshipment has been investigated. There has been stated the increasing rate of coastal cargo transshipment against the significant decrease in the export-import cargo transshipment due to the policy of self-reliance. The structure of foreign commercial cargos has been studied, a significant excess of exports over imports has been revealed. It has been found that the high growth rates of cargo turnover in the Soviet ports were due to the increase in the volume of oil cargo transshipment in the ports of the Caspian Sea. There have been calculated the average age and deadweight of Soviet ships in 1939, compared to the similar average international parameters and figures of the previous years. It was determined how the port's technical characteristics and lack of funding influenced these parameters. Investments to the seaports were hundreds of times less than investments to heavy industry and railway transport, and dozens of times less in inland waterways, since the seaports were not the priority objects in the program of economic industrialization. As a result, plans were not fulfilled, ships were idling in the ports, and labor productivity was low. It has been inferred that the activity of seaports during the first five-year plans was not profitable. There have been studied the specific features of the state system of seaports management during the first five-year plans.
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Husiatyńska, Renata. "Cargo insurance in maritime transportation." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Problemy Transportu i Logistyki 42 (2018): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ptl.2018.42-03.
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Lam, Vinh Q., David Akopian, Michael Rome, Doug Henningsen, and Shu-ou Shan. "Lipid activation of the signal recognition particle receptor provides spatial coordination of protein targeting." Journal of Cell Biology 190, no. 4 (2010): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201004129.
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The signal recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor comprise the major cellular machinery that mediates the cotranslational targeting of proteins to cellular membranes. It remains unclear how the delivery of cargos to the target membrane is spatially coordinated. We show here that phospholipid binding drives important conformational rearrangements that activate the bacterial SRP receptor FtsY and the SRP–FtsY complex. This leads to accelerated SRP–FtsY complex assembly, and allows the SRP–FtsY complex to more efficiently unload cargo proteins. Likewise, formation of an active SRP–FtsY GTPase complex exposes FtsY’s lipid-binding helix and enables stable membrane association of the targeting complex. Thus, membrane binding, complex assembly with SRP, and cargo unloading are inextricably linked to each other via conformational changes in FtsY. These allosteric communications allow the membrane delivery of cargo proteins to be efficiently coupled to their subsequent unloading and translocation, thus providing spatial coordination during protein targeting.
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Mr., Nguyen Hai Quang*. "CONTRIBUTION OF AIR CARGO TRANSPORT AND AIR CARGO SERVICES TO GDP IN VIETNAM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 9 (2017): 514–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.995977.
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This study aims to determine the contribution of air cargo transport and air cargo services to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Vietnam. These are the two major areas that make up the value of logistics in the air transport sector. Through the development of methodology and data collection for the six years from 2011 to 2016, the analysis results show that the contribution of air cargo transport and air cargo services to GDP in Vietnam has increased on average is 10.78% per year, nearly double the GDP growth rate of Vietnam. Although their share in GDP is still small but it is increasing and becoming important. In which, the share of air cargo services is growing faster than the proportion of air cargo transport.
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Marric, Linda. "Unwanted cargo." New Scientist 250, no. 3334 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)00838-1.
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Kirkpatrick, Peter. "Deadly cargo." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1, no. 8 (2002): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd881.
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Roberts, Jennifer L. "Copley's Cargo." American Art 21, no. 2 (2007): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/521888.
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Ralph, Laurence. "Black cargo." HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 10, no. 2 (2020): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/710167.
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Williams, Elliot C., Raul Coimbra, Theresa W. Chan, Andrew Baird, Brian P. Eliceiri, and Todd W. Costantini. "Precious cargo." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 86, no. 1 (2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002093.
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Tigchelaar, Jana. "Precious Cargo." Mark Twain Annual 22 (December 2024): 155–58. https://doi.org/10.5325/marktwaij.22.1.0155.
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Tan, Anthony L. "The Cargo." Manoa 15, no. 1 (2003): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2003.0111.
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Kadri, Kathie. "Precious Cargo." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 4 (2002): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-4-200208200-00016.
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