Journal articles on the topic 'Cargo vessels'
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1
Gulyaev, Ilya A., Yuri A. Kochnev, and Evgeniy P. Ronnov. "Influence of optimization model parameters on the main characteristics of the architectural and structural type of the combined vessel." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 72 (September 20, 2022): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi72.275.
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Transportation of liquid cargo on specialized vessels has the disadvantage of not being able to reload. This is primarily due to the impossibility of placing dry cargo on the return trip in cargo tanks, both from the point of view of the need to clean up the latter, and from the point of view of access to cargo tanks with bulky or bulk cargo. This problem can be solved with the use of specialized cargo combined vessels, which have separate cargo spaces for dry cargo back loading, and traditional tanks for the transportation of liquid petroleum products. The above design solution reduces the carrying capacity of petroleum products compared to a "clean" tanker due to an increase in the weight of the hull, as well as due to the limitation of the permissible capacity, since, especially for river vessels and vessels of mixed (river-sea) navigation, there is no possibility of increasing the dimensions of the vessel. The article presents a mathematical model and the results of test calculations for the choice of an architectural and structural type of cargo combined vessel for inland and mixed (river-sea) transportation. It is shown that the so-called platform vessels have the greatest prospects both in terms of the profit they bring to the shipowner and in terms of minimum operating costs.
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Yilmaz, Huseyin, and Mesut Giiner. "An Approximate Method for Cross Curves of Cargo Vessels." Marine Technology and SNAME News 38, no. 02 (April 1, 2001): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2001.38.2.92.
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In this study, a formula is presented to estimate cross curves of cargo vessels and to predict statical stability at the preliminary design stage of the vessel. The predictive technique is obtained by regression analysis of systematically varied cargo vessel series data. In order to achieve this procedure, some cargo vessel forms are generated using Series-60. The mathematical model in this predictive technique is constructed as a function of design parameters such as length, beam, depth, draft, and block coefficient. The prediction method developed in this work can also be used to determine the effect of specific hull form parameters and the load conditions on stability of cargo vessels. The present method is applied to a cargo vessel and then the results of the actual ship are compared with those of regression values.
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Bolgov, O. "ENSURING THE SEAWORTHINESS OF A BULK VESSEL AT THE STAGE OF CARGO OPERATIONS." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", no. 39 (June 30, 2022): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-39-21.
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The seaworthiness includes the conformity of the parameters of the vessel's stability and strength to the permissible limits, which is provided during the port loading and discharging operations. Requirements concerning the ship's stability and strength are universal for all types of vessels and are postulated in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) codes and documents of the shipping registers of different countries. The cargo operations of bulk carriers are responsible moment, as it determines the level of their seaworthiness and maritime safety at the sea voyage. For bulkers raised strict requirements in regard of cargo distribution and ballast operations with continuous control of their stability and strength. The search of methods for optimal performing cargo operations of the bulk vessels with assurance of all seaworthy parameters at the safe level remains actual. The bulk carriers usually have instructions for their standard loading options provided by the ship's builder, the character of which depends on the specific cargo volume and the number of holds processed at the same time. For each standard variant of cargo operations, the instructions provide a sequence of stages of loading the vessel. At the end of each stage, the vessel must be in acceptable seaworthy condition. In the situation of non-standard loading of bulk carriers, which are not covered by the shipbuilder's instructions, there are difficulties with planning and conducting cargo operations to ensure proper seaworthiness of the vessel, efficient use of its carrying capacity. Ship personnel must independently deal with the distribution of cargo, sorting through various loading options, which is not always efficient and time consuming. At the same time, a number of restrictions on the seaworthiness of the vessel must be met. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities of determining acceptable variants of loading of the bulk vessel, which satisfy the limitations imposed by parameters of the seaworthiness and marine safety. The limitations imposed by the requirements of continuous vessel’s seaworthiness were considered and divided into groups with a view to creating an optimization task. The general approach to formation of a number of permissible loading of the bulk vessel, proposed in the article, creates preconditions for setting the task of choosing the optimal strategy of carrying out cargo operations on the criteria of continuous observance of seaworthy characteristics of the vessel.
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Shen, Jiang, and Yun Tao Wang. "Pre-Arrange Trim Method on Panamax Vessel when Transit through the Panama Canal." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 4115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4115.
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The Panama Canal Authority has special requirements on “Size and Draught Limitation of vessels” when a vessel transit through the Panama Canal. This paper based on requirements from the Panama Canal Authority and characteristics of the Panamax vessel, represents a pre-arranged trim method on making optimum cargo plan so as to fully utilize the Panamax vessel’s carrying capacity and ensure smooth transit through the Panama Canal, it has been proved efficient and reliable.
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Melnikov, Aleksandr Valerievich, Konstantin Olegovich Sibryaev, Maxim Michailovich Gorbachev, and Adel Damirovich Ibadullaev. "Evaluating technological feasibility of fruit and vegetable transportation by sea between ports of Caspian Sea." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-4-107-116.
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The modern process of fruit and vegetable transportation between countries depends not only on geographical, but also on political and economic factors, which makes for searching more efficient and shorter routes. The availability of such a transport opportunity as sea transportation between the ports of the Caspian Sea makes it possible to analyze new routes for the product transportation from Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries to Russia using dry cargo vessels that are currently used as the general cargo vessels. There have been analyzed the new routes for transportation of perishable products in refrigerated containers and assessed the possibility of their transportation on the “Volga” type bulk carriers. The routes “Astara (Azerbaijan) - Moscow”, “Astara - port Alat - port Kuryk - Moscow” have been illustrated. A general arrangement drawing of a “Volga” type dry cargo vessel (project 19610) is presented, the photographs of transporting timber and containers on the decks of dry cargo vessels are given. Calculating the load of the dry cargo ship’s power plant has shown a technical possibility of transporting 16 refrigerated containers on deck of the “Volga” type vessel without changes in the design of the ship’s power plant. Conclusions are made about the need to develop effective cargo transportation by waterways in modern conditions of the loss of traditional Russian suppliers of fruit and vegetable products, about the possibility of additional use of dry cargo ships, as well as the feasibility of developing a backup diesel generator for emergency power supply of deck refrigerated containers in connection with a possible increase in the capacity of the ship power plant.
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Riana Citra Dewi, Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar, Yopi Novita, Didin Komarudin, and Tri Nanda Citra Bangun. "ANALYSIS ON AMOUNT OF CARGO AND FIHERS’S INCOME IN 3 GT FRP FISHING BOAT WITH DIFERENT LIGHT WEIGHT TON (LWT) IN CILACAP." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 12, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.v12i2.39818.
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ABSTRACT
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) through the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries (DJPT) provides assistance in the form of fishing vessels to fishermen. However, the aid vessels intended for Cilacap had an empty weight that was heavier when compared to other vessels that had the same main dimensions of the vessel. The vessel that have heavier empty weights will cause poor motion when operating and reduced capacity to accommodate the vessel. The purpose of this research are to calculate the difference in the weights of aid vessel and fishing vessel, formulate the maximum weight of cargo that can be accommodated by aid vessel and fishing vessel through TPC calculations, and estimate the level of income of fishermen per trip with the maximum weight set. The research was conducted on aid vessel and 3 GT sized fishermen vessel made of fiberglass which have different vessel weights. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the empty weight of the aid vessel was 277,1847 kg and the fishermen vessel was 95,4165 kg with the difference between the two vessels 181,7682 kg. The maximum cargo weight that can be accommodated by the aid vessel at the highest draft is 3.98 tons. The maximum cargo weight that can be accommodated by fishing vessel at the highest draft is 5.98 tons. The estimated revenue of the aid vessel in the condition of a maximum load of Rp. 29,371,620 and the estimated income of fishing vessel in the condition of a maximum load of Rp. 46,081,620.
Keywords: draft, fiberglass, income, main dimensions, weight
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Alvarado, David Ricardo, Luis Alejandro Paternina, and Edwin Giovanny Paipa. "SYNTHESIS MODEL FOR THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INLAND CARGO VESSELS TO OPERATE ON THE MAGDALENA RIVER." Brodogradnja 73, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod73402.
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Inland waterways are presented both as a need and an opportunity for developing an intermodal transport system to boost Colombian economic growth. Riverine transportation as part of an intermodal system represents conveying a significant amount of cargo at a low cost and therefore reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To competitively include this cargo transportation alternative in an intermodal context, the development of effective container vessels is required. Most of the Colombian rivers present sedimentary, high flow, and low depth nature. Then, the design of riverine cargo vessels capable of navigating in shallow waters with less brake power requirements is needed. A synthesis model: an automatic and integrated design procedure, has been programmed to generate and evaluate feasible vessel dimensions at a conceptual design stage. Through systematic variations of the main dimensions, this procedure allows evaluating a design space in which the most effective concept-vessel solution is selected. At the end of this procedure, the main characteristics for container vessels in the Magdalena River at a conceptual design stage, are defined. Validation of the synthesis model with a riverine logistic support ship is provided.
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Chistyakova, T. G., and V. P. Karpunina. "Technical project development of the mixed river-sea naviganavigation cargo vessel, SUKHOGRUZ-M." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-325-326.
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The technical project of the universal dry cargo vessel of the mixed navigation class “river-sea” together with other projects solves the problem of mass aging of the Russian fleet and the high cost of imported complete equipment, the increased demand for civil transport vessels of mixed navigation, in particular for universal dry cargo vessels, by creating a new vessel with improved characteristics, during the construction of which the maximum number of components of the domestic production is used, an environmentally friendly energy installation, it allows to meet the international requirements for emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere according to the Tier III standard, as well as modular structural solutions and composite materials.
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Kalajdžić, Milan, Matija Vasilev, and Nikola Momčilović. "Evaluating an Inland Waterway Cargo Vessel’s Energy Efficiency Indices." Polish Maritime Research 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2022-0014.
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Abstract Although the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the energy efficiency requirements for ships more than a decade ago, to date, inland navigation has not been affected by corresponding regulations at all. Therefore, inland waterway vessels are left with no mandatory requirements that could push their technology into more energy efficient design. Fortunately, there are certain pioneering attempts to define energy efficiency criteria for inland vessels. This paper tries to gather and provide a review of such methods. Moreover, a typical Danube cargo inland vessel’s data are used to evaluate their current energy efficiency levels with respect to provisional criteria. Consequently, two methods are found and used here. They are both based on IMO’s energy efficiency concept but modified for the inland waterway vessels. The methods delivered a significant difference in applicability and were difficult to compare. Moreover, shallow and deep-water effects are explored in the same regard but provided unsound conclusions. The final results displayed discrepancies in energy efficiency levels for the same vessels and so the methodology should be improved and harmonised, if it is to be introduced as mandatory for inland waterway vessels. The analysis provided a glimpse into the current condition of the traditional design of the Danube inland fleet, with respect to the emerging energy efficiency policies.
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Maryanov, Denys. "Control and regulation of the density of technical fluids during their transportation by sea specialized vessels." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 2(63) (February 15, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.252336.
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The object of research is the process of transporting drilling slurry through specialized marine vessels of the Platform Supply Vessels class. The subject of research is the sedimentation stability of the drilling slurry along the height of the cargo tank, which is proposed to be defined as a relative change in vertical density near the surface and bottom of the cargo tank. The studies were carried out on a specialized sea vessel with a displacement of 7320 tons. The design of the vessel provided for the reception and transportation of drilling slurry in four cargo tanks located on the port and starboard sides of the vessel. It has been experimentally established that during the 48-hour transportation, the density of the drilling slurry in the bottom part increases to 19.7 %; decrease in density on the surface – up to 7.8 %; decrease in the sedimentation resistance of the drilling slurry along the depth of the cargo tank – up to 29.85 %. A variant of modernization of the drilling slurry transportation system by installing additional circulation pumps providing forced circulation of the drilling slurry between cargo tanks is proposed. By using programmable microcontrollers (performing turning on/off the circulation pumps), it is possible to provide the following conditions for transporting the drilling fluid: an increase in the density of the drilling fluid in the bottom part up to 0.3 %; decrease in density on the surface – up to 0.25 %; decrease in the sedimentation resistance of the drilling slurry along the depth of the cargo tank – up to 8.01 %. It has been experimentally established that the creation of additional circulation and automatic support of the sedimentation resistance of the drilling fluid in the range of 2–7 % contributes to: – increasing the relative performance of cargo pumps from 38–55 % to 92–96 %; – reducing the time of pumping drilling slurry from cargo tanks to the drilling platform from 7.1 to 3.2 hours; – maintaining the technical condition of equipment, pipelines and elements of the drilling slurry transportation and pumping system.
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Marchenko, S. S., L. E. Mamedova, and M. E. Gogolyukhina. "Economic Aspects of Modernization of Vessels Operating on the Northern Sea Route." Economics and Management 27, no. 6 (July 23, 2021): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2021-6-471-478.
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Aim. The presented study aims to develop methodological tools for assessing the economic aspects of the modernization of vessels operating on the Northern Sea Route.Tasks. The authors address the problem of economic justification for the modernization and improvement of efficiency of mixed river-sea cargo transport vessels operating on the Northern Sea Route; develop an algorithm and methodology for assessing the economic aspects of the modernization of vessels operating on the Northern Sea Route; determine the economic effect of upgrading the register class of modernized river vessels. Methods. This study proposes an algorithm for the economic assessment of the modernization of river and sea vessels, which includes the constructed mathematical models for upgrading the class of the vessel and forecasting net income.Results. The authors assess the economic viability of upgrading the register class of modernized vessels of the Omskiy and Sibirskiy type, which could become more competitive in the future and continue to operate on the Northern Sea Route with high economic efficiency, ensuring the supply of goods to northern Russian territories; form the financial profile of investment projects for the modernization of the considered types of vessels.Conclusions. Modernizing and upgrading the register class of river vessels and mixed river-sea vessels is a promising direction for adding modern cargo ships to the Russian fleet operating on the Northern Sea Route, particularly in the context of deliveries of goods to northern Russian territories. The performed economic assessment of the modernization of a Sibirskiy-type vessel according to the developed algorithm confirms the economic viability of modernizing mixed river-sea vessels.
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Li, Xin, Yi Sun, and Gui Tao Wu. "Cost of LNG-Fueled Container Vessels." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1325.
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Liquefied Natural Gas, compared to conventional ship fuels, offers substantial reduction in NOX, SOX and particulates, but its costs are uncertain. Based on the study jointly made by Germanischer Lloyd and MAN Diesel & Turbo, this paper analyzes cost factors of LNG as fuel for container vessels and calculates cargo space losses resulting from LNG's low density. Calculation results show that cargo space losses are about 1.5%~2% of the total container volume. The results can be used as references for selecting LNG as ship fuel.
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Аleksandrov, S. A., and G. I. Kanevsky. "Investigation of scale effect on hydrodynamic characteristics and propulsion performance of twin-shaft cargo/passenger vessel." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 3, no. 401 (July 5, 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2022-3-401-19-27.
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Object and purpose of research. The object of investigation is the scale effect on propulsion performance of modern cargo/passenger vessels. The purpose is to estimate the scale effect on propulsion performance of a twin-shaft cargo/passenger vessel (CPV). Materials and methods. A method is suggested for predicting the ship propulsion performance based on model test data. This method works for single- and twin-shaft vessels. Main results. The method suggested for ship performance prediction based on model tests is shown to have a similar quality as compared to the best techniques for performance prediction of single-shaft ships. Application of this method to twin-shaft vessels does not lead to paradox situations. Propulsion performance of twin-shaft CPV are calculated using this technique. Conclusion. Inclusion of the scale effect on propulsion performance of a twin-shaft CPV with bossings for propellers does not cause any changes in the predicted speed.
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Ahmed, Sanjana, Alberto Castellazzi, and Arthur Williams. "Multi-source energy networks for cargo Vessels." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 1, no. 4 (October 19, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v1i4.52.
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The paper discusses the feasibility of installing renewable energy generation technologies on sea-going transport, taking into account the additional weight and power consumption. This study in based on the power management of a 26,198 tonne commercial chemical tanker. The management system would aim at reducing the number of generators as well as the power required from burning fossil fuels. After a process of elimination of potential technologies based on feasibility of the project and shipboard application, the work is focused towards photovoltaic and wind energy generation in combination with fossil fueled engines and Li-ion battery storage covering the higher energy density needs, and the intermittent nature of renewables. The network architecture is optimized in order to have the highest efficiency, and reduced system weight. The results show that successful management of the system can lead to reduction in generator requirement, and energy despite the weight of extra installations of photovoltaic and wind energy generation systems. By reducing the number of generators and allowing each remaining one to operate near their maximum power, the specific fuel consumption is improved, the efficiency is increased, resulting in significant fuel and cost saving, along with the mass of fuel to be carried on-board.
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O.B.E, G. S. Baker, and J. L. Kent. "SPEED, DIMENSIONS AND FORM OF CARGO VESSELS*." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 31, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 494–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1919.tb00797.x.
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Bagrat Devadze, Bagrat Devadze. "Bulk Cargo Marine Transportation Industry." Economics 104, no. 10-12 (December 12, 2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/10-12/2021-70.
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Bulk cargo is being transported in large parcels to reduce transportation cost calculated per unit of cargo. Its main categories are: liquid cargo, dry bulk cargo and special bulk cargo. The deadweight of the fleet of ships carrying bulk cargo by sea increased 3.4 times in 1990-2020. Dry carriers account for 55% of the fleet and their deadweight increased 4.4 times during the same period. The Oil and oil products tankers account for 37% of the deadweights which has been increased by 2.4 times. The majority of the oil tanker tonnage (over 98%) comes from VLCC, Suezmax and Aframax type vessels. 60% of this is 200 thousands tankers sized more than dwt. The oil tanker freight market in 2002-2019 was characterized by a high level of volatility. VLCC tanker time-charter equivalent ranged from $ 8.7-95.2 thousand in 2002-2019. The variability of time-charter rates in other oil tanker categories was similar. The major part of the tonnage of product tankers (more than 90%) is derived from from LR2, LR1 and MR2 type of vessels. 43% of these are LR2 tankers. This segment of the freight market was also highly variable. LR2 tanker time-charter equivalent ranged from $ 7.5-28.8 thousand in 2011-2019 years. The main part of the tonnage of dry cargo vessels (over 69%) comes from Capesize, Panamax and Supramax type vessels. This segment of the freight market has been declining and highly volatile in recent years. The capesize-type ship time charter equivalent ranged from $ 3.5-30.8 thousands in 2011-2019. Keywords: bulk cargo, oil tanker, bulk carrier, gas carrier, chemical tanker, time charter equivalent.
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CAIBULA, MILIS NILGUN. "THE STUDY OF A JIB CRANE FROM A CARGO SHIP." Journal of Marine Technology and Environment 2022, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.01.2022.02.
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This paper presents the study of a jib crane from a general cargo ship. There are numerous different types of vessels operating today in the various markets worldwide. Besides, thousands of cargo vessel ply the world’s oceans and seas each year, handling the bulk of international trade. The cranes from cargo ship is required to be adequate stability and strength for each load. All cranes from vessel are mounted on deck of the ship. Having regard in particular to the stress induced at its mounting or fixing points, adequately ballasted, securely anchored and supported by outriggers as necessary to ensure its stability when lifting. A jib from a crane from cargo ship is a type of overhead lifting device that is often used in a smaller work cell area for repetitive and unique lifting tasks. The extreme values of the stresses and reaction forces are determined by the finite element method. In this manuscript, the design of the cargo ship and the study of a jib crane are made using NX software from Siemens.
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Maryanov, Denys. "Reduced energy losses during transportation of drilling fluid by Platform Supply Vessels." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 1(64) (April 30, 2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.256473.
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The object of research is the process of drilling fluid transportation by Platform Supply Vessels. The subject of research is the energy losses when pumping drilling fluid from a platform supply vessel to an oil platform. The research was carried out on a vessel with deadweight of 3840 tons. It has been experimentally established that for a drilling fluid with an initial density of 1272 kg/m3 for transportation within 6–48 hours, the following changes in rheological characteristics occur: – a layer with a density of 1235–962 kg/m3 is formed on the surface of the cargo tank; – a layer with a density of 1283–1422 kg/m3 is formed in the bottom part of the tank; – sedimentation resistance decreases by 3.89–47.82 %. A variant of modernization of the drilling fluid transportation system by installing additional circulation pumps providing forced circulation of the drilling fluid between cargo tanks is proposed. Additional circulation of the drilling fluid with an initial density of 1272 kg/m3 for transportation within 6–48 hours ensures that the rheological characteristics are maintained in the following range: – density on the surface of the cargo tank 1270–1232 kg/m3; – density in the bottom of the tank 1288–1338 kg/m3; – decrease in sedimentation resistance 1.42–7.92 %. Similar results were established for drilling fluid with an initial density of 1323 kg/m3 and 1188 kg/m3. To reduce energy losses, the process of unloading the fluid onto the oil platform is proposed to be performed at the completion of the technological process of unloading the vessel. At the same time, due to a decrease in draft and an increase in the height of the freeboard of the vessel, the static component of the pressure and hydraulic losses of the cargo pump decrease. A set of studies for drilling fluids with different initial density (1272 kg/m3, 1188 kg/m3, 1323 kg/m3) confirmed that when using additional X-shaped drilling fluid circulation: – relative performance of cargo pumps increases from 37–57 % to 88–96 %; – the time of pumping the drilling fluid from the vessel to the oil platform is reduced from 7.1–8.5 to 3.3–3.8 hours. The presented results confirm the expediency of using additional X-shaped circulation of the drilling fluid to reduce energy losses during transportation by Platform Supply Vessels.
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Mrozowska, Alicja, and Piotr Mrozowski. "The Analysis of Maritime Accidents in 2017." Annual of Navigation 25, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0016.
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AbstractStudy presents the analysis of accidents that took place in marine areas and on board of the sea units in 2017, including: vessel carrying passengers, cargo vessels and offshore drilling and production installations, as well as offshore support vessels. The aim of the article is to indicate a wide spectrum of events related to: total losses of vessels, accidents on boards of the vessels and other accidents which happened in marine areas. The study presents numerous data, which were presented in the form of graphs and tables, based on international reports and own experience gained during work experiences. The analysis also referred to data from previous years to show better spectrum of the present situation.
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Clement, Chris. "Vapor Recovery on Tankers from Design to Operation." Marine Technology and SNAME News 30, no. 03 (July 1, 1993): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1993.30.3.178.
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Vapor control legislation has presented the vessel operator with a multitude of factors that must be given consideration during the retrofitting of a vessel vapor control system. This paper discusses notable aspects concerning the integration of various facets of vapor control as they relate to vessel installations from conceptual design through operation. While complete vessel collection and processing systems are permitted by the Regulations, discussions in this paper are limited to vessel collection systems because, for the most part, industry has adopted the concept of limiting vessels to the collection of vapors only, with subsequent transfer to shoreside facilities for processing. Discussions are based on experience gained during development of vapor collection systems for two different classes of inerted, multi-grade cargo product tankers. Accordingly, some topics are not applicable or can be simplified when considering installations on board tank vessels carrying single cargoes or on non-inerted tank vessels.
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Mutiarani, Puspita Tri. "Study of Cargo Vessel Sanitation and the Presence E.Coli Bacteria on Food in the Port Area of Tanjung Perak Surabaya." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 9, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v9i2.2017.11-121.
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Vessel sanitation is the effort made to prevent infestation of bacteria Escherichia coli as an indicator of contamination of water and foods. This study aimed to identify the presence of the vessel sanitation E.coli bacteria in processed foods in the region cargo vessel Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya in 2014. This study was observational descriptive with cross-sectional approach. Instrument in this study was the observation form vessel sanitation inspection of Port Health Office Class I Surabaya and the results of laboratory examination of the presence of E.coli bacteria in food on a cargo vessel. The sample size in this study as many as 30 vessels were taken by accidental sampling. The variables of this study was vessel sanitation and the presence of E.coli bacteria in food on a cargo ship. The results showed the ship sanitation in the area of Tanjung Perak Surabaya include kitchen sanitation, sanitary food preparation space, warehouse sanitation, drinking water sanitation, food sanitation, solid waste sanitary mostly have low sanitary risk, where as for the presence of E.coli in processed food the overall cargo vessel food samples contained no E.coli bacteria. Efforts that can be done by keeping the ship clean by crews and sanitation inspection by officer of Port Health Office Class I Surabaya.
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Turna, İdris, Gökhan Kara, and Devrim Bülent Danişman. "An Empirical Study on the Effects of Sea Ice on Ship Tonnage per Centimeter and Cargo Operations." Marine Technology Society Journal 56, no. 4 (August 23, 2022): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.56.4.1.
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Abstract Many ports around the world are threatened by sea ice. Access by merchant ships to these ports is ensured by ice-breaking services. For the sensitivity of calculations of the amount of cargo on vessels carrying out loading and discharging in waters covered with ice, the calculations need to be modified. This study aims to investigate the effects of sea ice in different thicknesses on the calculations of the cargo amounts, especially the effects on the tonnage per centimeter (TPC) values of the vessels. There is a limited number of studies on ice resistance of zero-speed vessels. An experimental study was performed to gauge the impact of ice on vessel draughts on a scale ship model. The scaled TPC weights were applied under two separate loading conditions on the scale model ship. Such processes were repeated for various ice thicknesses. The results indicated that an increase in TPC values was in a linear relationship with ice thickness and was found under both loading conditions. In analyses based on the scale model according to the draft marks, the ice friction created an overloaded case. In the stability booklets, it is assumed that adding the amount of increase in TPC value as a correction would resolve disputes over the amount of loaded cargo and can circumvent overloading cases.
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Loshkarov, Oleksandr, and Olga Kornelyuk. "Optimization of the stages of a ship's cargo plan development for shippining of general cargoes." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 3 (113) (October 31, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.241487.
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One of the main tasks in stability calculations is to provide the ship with the necessary (optimal) trim whose final value is influenced by the arrangement of cargo on the ship. Today, however, there are rules and requirements but there is no unified approach to developing a cargo plan for a vessel that simultaneously transports various types of general cargo. In order to improve the efficiency of the above calculations, a procedure has been proposed to optimize developing a cargo plan for a vessel carrying heterogeneous general cargoes at the same time, the main idea of which is to distribute consignments on the ship in two stages, taking into consideration the compensating trimming moment. The scheme to develop a cargo plan has been improved by introducing the developed procedure. The results of verification confirmed its effectiveness in practice. Possible deviations of the values for the trim required (optimal) for the voyage from the actual one calculated after the allocation of stocks and consignments of goods have been investigated using an example of the series of developed cargo plans. It should be noted that the value for the trim, required (optimal) and actual, for each individual cargo plan does not differ by more than 8 %. The results reported in this paper give grounds to assert the expediency of their application when developing cargo plans for tramp shipping vessels. The introduction of the procedure could make it possible to effectively load a vessel with the full utilization of both its carrying capacity and cargo capacity. The use of the proposed scheme for developing a cargo plan to transport heterogeneous cargoes would reduce the total time for calculating the stability and strength of the vessel in general
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DeCola, Elise G., Tim L. Robertson, Roy Robertson, Lori Crews, and Mike Munger. "Approaches to Nontank Vessel Contingency Planning1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-503.
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ABSTRACT Tank vessels that carry oil as cargo are subject to a number of international, national, and local regulations requiring that the vessel owners plan for and be prepared to respond to oil spills. By comparison, nontank vessels such as freighters, passenger ships, and fishing vessels typically have not been subject to the same level of oil spill prevention and response requirements. However, a number of recent, high-profile nontank vessel oil spills have heightened public awareness of the oil spill risk posed by nontank vessels. In response to such events, several US states have implemented regulations requiring nontank vessels to prepare oil spill contingency plans similar to those required for tankers and tank barges. This paper considers several different approaches to oil spill contingency planning for nontank vessels, focusing on the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada. The authors compare the requirements in place in Alaska, California, Washington, Oregon and British Columbia, and make recommendations to promote a parallel planning process along the Pacific coast of North America.
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Igbadumhe, Jane-Frances, Omar Sallam, Mirjam Fürth, and Rihui Feng. "Experimental Determination of Non-Linear Roll Damping of an FPSO Pure Roll Coupled with Liquid Sloshing in Two-Row Tanks." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080582.
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Wave excited roll motion poses danger for moored offshore vessels such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) because they cannot divert to avoid bad weather. Furthermore, slack cargo tanks are almost always present in FPSOs by design. These pose an increased risk of roll instability due to the presence of free surfaces. The most common method of determining roll damping is roll decay tests, yet very few test have been performed with liquid cargo, and most liquid cargo experiments use tanks that span the entire width of the vessel; which is seldom the case for full scale FPSO vessels during normal operations. This paper presents a series of roll decay test carried out on a FPSO model with two two-row-prismatic tanks with different filling levels. To directly investigate the coupling between the liquid sloshing and the vessel motion, without modifying the damping, tests were performed at a constant draft. The equivalent linear roll damping coefficients consisting of linear, quadratic and cubic damping terms are analyzed for each loading condition using four established methods, the Quasi-linear method, Froude Energy method, Averaging method and the Perturbation method. The results show that the cubic damping term is paramount for FPSOs and at low filling levels, were the FPSO is more damped. Recommendations regarding the applicability of the methods, their accuracy and computational effort is given and the effect of the liquid motion on the vessel motion is discussed.
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Lebedeva, M. N. "CATAMARAN IN HIGH SPEED CONTEXT." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 2 (April 28, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-2-4.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article presents the results of development of high-speed catamaran vessel of large cargo capacity with minimal environmental wave load on river channel intended for joint operation within the supply chain together with road transport. Conditions for model testing, comparing waves caused by river cargo vessels of various types are described. The results of measurements of prototype’s impact and expansion of parameters of considered waves for calculation of intended model of a real vessel are given. Keywords: inland water transport, catamaran, river, channel load, logistics, clearance, compatibility, road transportation.
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Amalia, Siti Dian. "AN ANALYSIS ON FISHERY CAPTURE LICENSING TOWARD THE REGISTRATION AND MARKING OF FISH-TRANSPORTING VESSELS WITHIN THE SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE AUTHORITY." TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL 3, no. 3 (November 15, 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/twj.v3i3.54.
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This study aimed to (1) identify the distribution of fish-transporting vessels under the authority of South Kalimantan Province; (2) to analyze the causes of unregistered and unmarked fish-transporting vessels within the provincial authority; and (3) to analyze the causes of fishery capture licensing that continues to run without a Fishing Vessel Book (Buku Kapal Perikanan – BKP). This research activity was conducted at the Banjarmasin Fishing Port, Pelambuan Village, Banjarmasin Barat District, Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan, with the fish-transporting vessel’s owners within the South Kalimantan authority as the research object. The data collected were the data sourced directly from the observation result in the research location, and other supporting data related to the research object. The results showed that the spreading of fish-transporting vessels that land their cargo at the Banjarmasin Fishing Port were found in Kotabaru Regency, Tanah Bumbu Regency, Tanah Laut Regency, Banjar Regency, Barito Kuala Regency, and Banjarmasin City. Based on the data, there are 183 fish-transporting vessels within South Kalimantan Province authority, but only 42 vessels or 23% ships that are registered as fishing vessels. While for the marking of the vessels, 100% have not carried out marking as fishing vessels. This is due to the unavailability of a standard BKP and the lack of understanding from the vessel owners. The Licensing of Fishery Capture in the form of SIUP and SIKPI is still issued by BPTSP using only recommendation from Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs of South Kalimantan Province. The registration and marking of fish-transporting vessels of South Kalimantan Province Authority are not optimal due to the unavailability of a standard BKP that can be used as collateral so that a policy is needed from the local government in terms of budgeting funds for the procurement of BKP so that fish-transporting vessels in South Kalimantan Province can be registered and marked as Indonesian fishing vessels.
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Anwar, Sadia, Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia, Muhammad Rashid, Gerardo Zarazua de Rubens, and Peter Enevoldsen. "Towards Ferry Electrification in the Maritime Sector." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 6506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246506.
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The electrification of vessels/ferries for green transformation requires onboard electrical energy storage as well as an energy supply network in the port area. In this context, a lot of efforts have been made in the last decade that have been reviewed in such a way that only a single aspect of the green transformation challenge is highlighted. Consequently, the objective of this research is to develop knowledge by examining the current state of affairs and provide, accordingly, abstract implementation guidelines for green transformation through vessel/ferry electrification. A comprehensive study on the electrification of vessels, in industry as well as in academia, is performed. Based on the data collected through a systematic study, a comparison of various pure electric and hybrid vessels in terms of certain performance attributes, such as battery capacity, passenger and cargo capacities, and size (length) of the vessel, is performed. Moreover, the distribution of vessels according to different countries and manufacturers is provided. Finally, certain technical, operational, and legislative challenges are explored.
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Choi, Kyung-Sik, and Seong-Yeob Jeong. "Ice Load Prediction Formulas for Icebreaking Cargo Vessels." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 45, no. 2 (April 20, 2008): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2008.45.2.175.
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Tjahjono, Agus, Wisnu Handoko, and Sri Purwantini. "Operation ballast water of commercial vessels in Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang." MATEC Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818107003.
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The commercial vessel uses sea water to stabilty a vessel when the vessel is not loading a cargo. The water stabilized for the vessel is known as ballast water. The activity of loading the ballast water for the ship from origin port and dissposal to the distination port has caused impact on spreading the unidenfied organism the local port. Aim of the study to determine disposal value of water ballast either from a foreign merchant vessel or domestic merchant vessel so that Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang (PTES) is able to determine a policy on ballast administration from merchant vessel include a data of Arrival and Departure Report of the Vessels (ADRV) documents for the last five years (2009-2014). Disposal ballast water of domestic vessel to PTES is average about 37,036 m3 and increased by 76.68% in a year. Yearly ballast water disposed from the foreign commercial vessels has reached 576.045 m3 for the last 5 years. The increasing of ballast water is about 122.19%. Level of vunerability on the PTES waters is due to ballast water dissposal caused mainly from foreign commercial vessels. The PTES administration should provide water reservoir and and water ballast treatment of commercial vessels which has 51,090 m3/per month or 81,744 kl/month.
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Riola, José María. "Propulsive Qualities of Catamaran Vessels." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 9, no. 18 (January 29, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.125.
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During the last decade the civil and military applications of catamaran vessels have developed rapidly. Their particular area of proliferation is the short sea shipping where their power, economy, habitability and behavior have provided them a market niche. The rapid market growth ha caused catamarans to experience design modifications regarding size, speed, cargo diversity (passengers, vehicles, containers). The purpose of this article is to show the work developed by the El Pardo Hydrodynamic Experiences Channel (CEHIPAR) regarding the propulsive qualities of catamaran vessels. This work is the result of the need expressed by the Ministry of Defense for provision of technical assistance and scientific research for an I+D program that established more adequate program parameters for a catamaran-type vessel from the propulsive point of view, in relation to its size and shape, so that it has the adequate information and trustworthiness when suggesting a vessel of this type as an alternative to other platforms, always within the scope of application of patrol-type or quick-attack-type vessels.
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Hospodka, Jakub, and Zdeněk Houfek. "Efficiency in Carrying Cargo to Earth Orbits: Spaceports Repositioning." MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 4, no. 20 (October 17, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2016.20.01.
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Space flights are in these days not any more question of technology, but more question of costs. One way how to decrease cost of launch is change of home spaceport. Change of home spaceport for different rockets is a way to achieve more efficient launches to space. The reason is different acceleration achieved from Earth rotation. We added several mathematical calculations of missions to Low Earth Orbit and Geostationary Earth Orbit to show bonuses from Earth rotation and effect of atmospheric drag on specific rockets used these days. We discussed only already used space vessels. Namely Arianne 5, Delta 4 heavy, Proton-M, Zenit and Falcon9. For reaching GEO we discuss possibility of using Hohmman transfer, because none of aforementioned vessels is available for direct GEO entry. As possible place for launch we discussed spaceports Baikonur, Kennedy Space center, Guyana Space center and Sea Launch platform. We present results in form of additional acceleration for each spaceport, and we also project this additional acceleration in means payload increase. In conclusion we find important differences between vessel effectivity based on spaceport used for launch. Change of launch location may bring significant cost decrease for operators.
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Wijaksani, Titik Triary, Rita Nurmalina, and Burhanuddin Burhanuddin. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI KAPAL KHUSUS ANGKUTAN TERNAK DI INDONESIA SKENARIO RUTE CELUKAN BAWANG-TANJUNG PRIOK-CIREBON." Forum Agribisnis 8, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.8.2.117-136.
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Government had made the first livestock vessel investment in Indonesia, namely KM Camara Nusantara I (KM CN I) which was operationalizing since 2016. The livestock vessel supported beef cattle distribution from East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) to DKI Jakarta Province by route Tenau-Waingapu-Tanjung Priok-Cirebon. In addition the government makes another new 5 livestock vessels investment which is one of them planned for beef cattle distribution from Bali Province by Celukan Bawang Port to DKI Jakarta Province by Tanjung Priok Port. Livestock vessel investment required high cost up to Rp 58 billion per unit. Moreover the operational of KM CN I still subsidized by the government. Therefore the objective of this study is to analyze livestock vessel investment by route scenario Celukan Bawang-Tanjung Priok-Cirebon on nonfinancial aspect, financial, economic and sensitivity analyses. Nonfinancial aspect analysis used descriptive method. Financial and economic analyses used Cost and Benefit Analysis (CBA), with shadow price for economic analysis. Sensitivity analysis used switching value method. Nonfinancial aspect analysis indicated the investment feasible. Financial analysis for livestock vessel return scenario to Celukan Bawang Port without cargo and carrying feed cargo are not feasible (NPV<0). Economic analysis for return scenario without cargo is not feasible (NPV<0), meanwhile for return scenario by carrying feed cargo is feasible (NPV>0, B/C Ratio>1, IRR 5.70% higher than discount rate, and Payback Period 13.84 years). Sensitivity analysis indicated the investment is feasible by minimum increase in the price of ticket fare 534.56% for return scenario without cargo and 410.12% by carrying feed cargo.
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Breithaupt, Stephen A., Andrea Copping, Jerry Tagestad, and Jonathan Whiting. "Maritime Route Delineation using AIS Data from the Atlantic Coast of the US." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463316000606.
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This study examines maritime routes between ports along the Atlantic coast of the US, utilising Automated Identification System (AIS) data for the years 2010 through 2012. The delineation of vessel routes conducted in this study was motivated by development planned for offshore Wind Energy Areas (WEAs) along the Atlantic coast of the US and the need to evaluate the effect of these development areas on commercial shipping. To this end, available AIS data were processed to generate commercial vessel tracks for individual vessels, though cargo vessels are the focus in this study. The individual vessel tracks were sampled at transects placed along the Atlantic coast. The transect samples were analysed and partitioned by voyages between Atlantic ports to facilitate computation of vessel routes between ports. The route boundary analysis utilised a definition from UK guidance in which routes' boundaries encompassed 95% of the vessel traffic between ports. In addition to delineating route boundaries, we found multi-modal transverse distributions of vessels for well-travelled routes, which indicated preference for lanes of travel within the delineated routes.
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Фам, Х. Ч., and В. А. Кулеш. "Comparative analysis of parameters of vessels interaction with the ground." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 1(55) (March 3, 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2022.55.1.003.
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Взаимодействия судов с грунтом происходят сравнительно часто. Сценарии взаимодействия судов с грунтом бывают как аварийные, так и эксплуатационные. Аварии с посадкой судов на грунт чаще связаны с навигационными ошибками. Следствиями таких аварий являются большие материальные потери, экологические катастрофы и даже гибель судов и людей. Эксплуатационные сценарии связаны с плановыми посадками судов на грунт для проведения грузовых операций на необорудованный берег, отвечающими определённым условиям безопасности. Такие грузовые операции имеют особую важность и актуальны для обширного побережья северных и дальневосточных морей России, где строительство причальных сооружений экономически не оправдано. При любом сценарии оценка параметров взаимодействия судов и грунта важна и актуальна. В работе выполнены сравнения результатов оценки параметров взаимодействия судов с грунтом, полученных как в экспериментах, так и по разным методикам. Основное внимание уделено сравнению методики авторов. Результаты сравнений показали, что методика авторов обеспечивает адекватную оценку основных параметров взаимодействия. The interaction of vessels with the ground occurs also relatively. Scenarios of vessels interaction with the ground are accidental and operational. Vessel grounding are more often associated with navigation errors. The consequences of such accidents are large material losses, environmental disasters and the loss of vessels and human. Operational scenarios related to planned vessel grounding for cargo operations on an unequipped shore that meets certain safety conditions. Such cargo operations are especially important and relevant for the extensive coastline of the northern and Far Eastern seas of Russia where the construction of berthing facilities is not economically justified. In any scenario, the assessment of the parameters of vessel interaction with the ground is important and relevant. The paper compared the results of assessing the parameters of vessel interaction with the ground, which obtained in experiments and using different methodologies. The main attention is given to the comparison of the authors' methodology. The results of the comparisons showed that the authors' methodology provides an adequate assessment of the main interaction parameters.
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Marchenko, Sergey Sergeevich, and Alexander Nikolaevich Lazarev. "Aspects of investment risks assessment in transport vessels modernization." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-4-130-136.
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The article presents a descriptive account of economic feasibility of obsolete transport vessels continuing operation by assessing the investment risks on their modernization efforts. The issues of economic assessment of the shipowner's investment risks when making a management decision on the transport fleet modernization are considered. The algorithm of management of the ship modernization risks is defined. The stages of the risk management of vessel modernization are analyzed and listed: risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment, risk control. Formal foreign systems of risk classification, their content and differences are analyzed. A classification of transport vessel modernization risks has been developed, which allows identifying and structuring information about ship modernization risks and differentiating them by main classification criteria. The discount rate for the transport vessel modernization investment project based on risk premiums has been determined. According to this method, the discount rate is calculated as the sum of the risk-free interest rate, the rate of inflation, and the risk premium that was calculated by an expert method for the modernization project of a mixed-use dry cargo vessel. A quantitative assessment of the modernization risks of a mixed-navigation dry cargo vessel has been performed, the most significant classification features have been identified (modernization risk and industry risk). The currently topical natural risk of coronavirus infection has also been stated.
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Telegin, Anatoly I., Sergey I. Nyurkin, and Andrey V. Nyurkin. "ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS TO THE CARGO RIVER TERMINAL FOR THE SAFE HANDLING AND STORAGE OF MOTOR VEHICLES." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 64 (August 29, 2020): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi64.109.
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It is the study of river cargo terminals possibilities for storing and reloading vehicles on river vessels / from river vessels. Description of the current situation on the country's transport market and examples of the organization of combined transport involving road and rail transport for the transport of general cargo in transport-developed countries are given. Proposals for attracting river transport to the organization of combined transport have been made. The available base is the fleet, coastal terminals. Existing requirements and regulations applicable to such terminals are shown. Their analysis and projection on the further development of transportation of highly tariffed general cargo in combined communications with the participation of river transport are made.
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Parsons, Michael G., David J. Singer, and Samuel J. Denomy. "Integrated Electric Plants in Future Great Lakes Self-Unloaders." Journal of Ship Production and Design 27, no. 04 (November 1, 2011): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2011.27.4.169.
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The feasibility and potential benefits of using Integrated Electric Plants in future Great Lakes self-unloaders are evaluated. Integrated Electric Plants, the all-electric ships, utilize electrical propulsion motors and central station power generation that powers all propulsion, thruster, self-unloading equipment, and other ship service needs. Integrated Electric Plants have become the plant of choice in many recent naval vessels, cruise ships, high technology cargo vessels, and special purpose vessels, such as offshore supply and service vessels and icebreakers. This study considers arrangements, effects on cargo capacity, fuel usage, and environmental emissions in all operating modes, maintenance requirements, and manning. The comparison is made for two notional self-unloading bulk carriers: a 1000 ft Poe Lock maximum self-unloader and a 730 ft MacArthur Lock, Welland Canal, St. Lawrence Seaway maxi-mum self-unloader.
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Sustretov, Semion V., and Andrey O. Nichiporuk. "The current state and prospects for the development of freight transportation in innovative type vessels." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 72 (September 20, 2022): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi72.291.
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The article presents the results of an analysis of the current state of freight transportation in innovative type vessels (hovercraft, hydrofoils, cargo, passenger and cargo-passenger single and multi-hull displacement vessels). Foreign and domestic experience in the field of design and operation of the types of vessels under consideration is summarized, the most interesting examples and developments are given. A number of publications in the field under consideration were analyzed, the most interesting and promising proposals and recommendations of various scientists and authors were identified. Based on the completed review of experience, as well as the analysis of scientific publications, conclusions and proposals were made on the most promising areas of further research on improving the organizational and technical aspects of freight transportation using high-speed and innovative-type vessels.
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Imhoff, Thomas Buckley, Savvas Gkantonas, and Epaminondas Mastorakos. "Analysing the Performance of Ammonia Powertrains in the Marine Environment." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 7447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217447.
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This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics of four oceangoing vessels to evaluate the efficacy of ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, the models adequately capture the behaviour of internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel processing equipment, and exhaust aftertreatment components. The performance of each vessel is evaluated by comparing its maximum range and cargo capacity to a conventional vessel. Results indicate that per unit output power, ammonia-fuelled internal combustion engines are more efficient, require less catalytic material, and have lower auxiliary power requirements than ammonia gas turbines. Most merchant vessels are strong candidates for ammonia fuelling if the operators can overcome capacity losses between 4% and 9%, assuming that the updated vessels retain the same range as a conventional vessel. The study also establishes that naval vessels are less likely to adopt ammonia powertrains without significant redesigns. Ammonia as an alternative fuel in the marine sector is a compelling option if the detailed component design continues to show that the concept is practically feasible. The present data and models can help in such feasibility studies for a range of vessels and propulsion technologies.
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Borisov, Alexander M. "Analysis of modern hull structures dry cargo ships-representatives." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 69 (December 23, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi69.226.
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The results of the analysis of the design of hull structures of modern dry cargo vessels-representatives of inland and mixed ("river-sea") navigation in comparison with classical vessels built in the twentieth century are presented. The characteristic damages of hull structures are considered, recommendations are given on the design of the main hull connections in accordance with the requirements of the Russian River Register (RRR) and the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (MRS). It is noted that, taking into account the existing cargo flows on water transport, the hulls of inland navigation vessels of early construction are being modernized for operation in coastal marine areas. It is shown that, taking into account the aging of the fleet in modern conditions, a significant role is assigned to the construction of "super-full" vessels of internal and mixed ("river-sea") navigation, capable of delivering various cargoes without intermediate transshipment from seaports to river ports of the country.
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Карьянский, Сергей Анатольевич, and Денис Николаевич Марьянов. "Adjustment of drilling slurry density during transportation by Platform Supply Vessels." Automation of ship technical facilities 27, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31653/1819-3293-2021-1-27-52-62.
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Annotation – The issues of maintaining the drilling fluid density during its transportation from shore to the oil drilling platform by the Platform Supply Vessels were considered. The research was carried out on the vessel of 5650 deadweight tons, which made 2 ... 2.5 day voyages from port to drilling platform with possible waiting for direct approach to the platform for 1 ... 1.5 days. The drilling fluid was transported in four tanks of equal-size, arranged in pairs on each side of the vessel. It was found that during this period of time there is a latent stratification of drilling fluid along the depth of cargo tank, causing stratification of its density. The density of the drilling fluid was measured at depths corresponding to 10, 50 and 90 % of the total tank depth. The drilling fluid density stratification is defined as the relative density change in the upper (at 10 % depth) and lower (at 90 % depth) parts of the cargo tank. The hydrometer was used to measure density, allowing measurements in the range of 650 ... 1630 kg/m3 with an accuracy of 1 kg/m3 while controlling the temperature. Density measurements were taken at 6-hour intervals. It has been experimentally proved that during the 48-hour transportation of the drilling fluid with the density of 1295 kg/m3, the density value at the indicated depths is 1163 and 1524 kg/m3 respectively, while the density stratification reaches 31 %. It is offered to prevent the density stratification by creating a forced X-shaped circulation of the drilling fluid between cargo tanks which stand side by side. It is offered to regulate and maintain automatically the drilling fluid density in the range of 2 ... 7 % by using programmable controllers. When the density stratification reaches 7 %, the controller switches on the circulation pumps and circulates the drilling fluid between tanks which stand side by side. This increases the drilling fluid uniformity and helps to reduce the density stratification along the depth of the cargo tank. The process of additional circulation of the drilling fluid is rationally ensured until the density stratification reaches a value of 2 %. Fulfilment of the above-mentioned conditions will ensure that the drilling fluid maintains its operational properties and the energy consumption associated with the additional operation of the circulation pumps is minimised.
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Grasso, Jeanne M., and Jonathan K. Waldron. "The Aftermath of the Intertanko Decision - How Far can the States Go in Regulating the Maritime Industry." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-471.
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ABSTRACT Since the enactment of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA 90”) more than 10 years ago, many states took aggressive action regulating the marine industry. States, sometimes stepping well beyond their bounds, enacted comprehensive oil pollution laws that imposed additional liability, as well as prevention and response planning requirements, beyond those contained in OPA 90. Washington State was clearly the most aggressive when it implemented its Best Achievable Protection (BAP) regulations in the early 1990s. The International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (Intertanko) challenged the BAP regulations, and the Supreme Court sided with Intertanko and reaffirmed that states may not regulate vessel construction, design, operation, and manning. States, however, have not given up the gauntlet and continue to aggressively regulate the marine industry by expanding their regulation beyond tank vessels to include passenger vessels, cargo vessels, and tugs/barges. This paper will review newly enacted laws and regulations, including financial responsibility, response/contingency plans, drills and exercises, ballast water, vessel inspection programs, and implications associated with discharges from cruise vessels. The paper will conclude by identifying potential trends for the future.
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Ulusçu, Özgecan S., Birnur Özbaş, Tayfur Altıok, İlhan Or, and Tuba Yılmaz. "Transit Vessel Scheduling in the Strait of Istanbul." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 1 (December 22, 2008): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463308005092.
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Managing the transit vessel traffic in the Strait of Istanbul is a highly complex operation since vessels, weather and water conditions, and a set of regulations affect its operation significantly. At the present time, the Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) operators manage the traffic based on some fundamental rules. After discussions with the VTS, in this report, we present a mathematical formulation of the scheduling process currently in place and validate it by comparing its results with scheduling decisions made by the operators in some days of 2005. The results are highly promising. The fundamental philosophy of the algorithm is to schedule the vessels with highest waiting time first while giving priority to large vessels carrying dangerous cargo. Our goal has been to incorporate the algorithm into a simulation model designed to be used for risk analysis purposes. The proposed algorithm can be slightly altered and used for traffic scheduling in other waterways as well.
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Batygin, O. E. "Modernization of power settings dry cargo and tank vessels." Power and Autonomous equipment 1, no. 1 (August 19, 2018): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2018-1-1-28-34.
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The current problem of the need to modernize the Russian fleet and, in particular, the power plants of ships, is caused by the decommissioning the most of the dry cargo and bulk carriers that are in using at this moment. Over time, most of these boards have ceased to be suitable for navigation and can not be repaired, and modern shipyards and shipyards are unable to use and service new ships designed for the domestic fleet. In view of this, there is a discrepancy between the number of required boards and the volume of orders from shipbuilders. The new brand of a foreign manufacturer's engines using on dry cargo and bulk ships of the previous generation significantly reduces the operating costs and repairing diesel engine’s costs, and also increases their service life. The comparison of the aggregates used at this moment and the model under consideration is made and a conclusion is made about the expediency of using the proposed engine for the purpose the Russian shipbuilding’s and ship repair’s long-term development. Subject: the study’s subject is the possibility of using foreign ships’ dry-cargo and tanker vessels for the modernization and improvement of the sides of the selected type.Materials and methods: in the work’s course is a comparative analysis of several types of diesel engines, possible for installation on the sides of the Volga-Don and Volgoneft, was carried out.Results: as a result of the work, a comparative table was developed for the characteristics of the diesel engine’s types under consideration, and the efficiency of using the considered brand’s foreign aggregates was revealed.Conclusions: the use of Yachai YC6CL diesel engines as powerplants on board dry cargo and liquid ships is advisable, because of their undeniable advantages in comparison with domestic units and economic feasibility.
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Tanwar, Ravinder K. "Shipboard Acoustics Investigation—with Specific Application to Conversion of a Cargo Vessel into the Maritime Schoolship TS Empire State." Marine Technology and SNAME News 31, no. 01 (January 1, 1994): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1994.31.1.66.
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Shipboard noise control has received attention in naval vessels, while in commercial shipbuilding it has remained in the background of engineering considerations to a very limited extent by either barely meeting the existing rules and regulations or satisfying them to the owner's satisfaction by use of alternative methods. Passenger vessels demanding customer satisfaction have been the exception and require more sophisticated prediction techniques for stringent noise control. This paper while briefly discussing the availability of noise level prediction and control techniques presently used in new ship construction, stresses the importance of the equally simple methods of applying these techniques in identifying critical noise areas and analyzing the effects of methods used in controlling and reducing the noise levels in existing vessels. Through improvements to existing vessels or conversion to different type of vessel service, benefits are obtained which increase human comforts and work efficiency without costly studies and expensive experimental modeling or statistical analysis data collection techniques. TS Empire State, formerly the break-bulk carrier SS Mormactide
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Charchalis, Adam. "Estimation of the Vessel's Sailing Resistance in the Preliminary Analyses." Journal of KONES 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0002.
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Abstract In this article is presented the methodology of calculation of principal parameters of hull a vessel and resistance components. The approximate method is based on the analysis of the results of model tests and surrender tests presented in the literature. Ship owners' preliminary assumptions for new ship consist of deadweight, speed-shipping line and others. This goal needs definition of principal dimensions of a vessel, which are the basis for further calculations of hull’s resistance and evaluation of necessary power of main engine to fulfil shipping requirements. The route and its environment, type of cargo, quantity to be moved, and value of the cargo and port facilities are typical features, which will be considered when evolving the size, speed, and specification of a suitable ship. Specific service requirements will be similarly considered when evolving vessels such as warships, passenger ships or fishing vessels. Selection of main dimensions of vessel is limited by related to seaways or harbours characteristic and limitations rules regarding buoyancy, stability, hull strength, manoeuvring capability, etc. The influence of the main dimensions of the ship and their coefficients of maritime and strength properties of the ship were presented. Moreover, formulas for calculation of the ship's resistance components, such as friction resistance, and wave shape, as well as the results of calculations for different types of ships, for the assumed deadweight and speed of sailing, are presented.
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Wisnugroho, Joko, Rizwan Gifry, and Yulius Indrajaya. "Design and Finite Element Analysis of Cargo Hose Tower Structure Using Low Carbon Steel Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 893 (July 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.893.20.
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Cargo hose tower is an alternative equipment that can be used in loading-unloadingprocess in oil tanker. This paper describes a structural safety analysis of cargo hose tower that transferoil to and from tankers or cargo vessels. Stresses for two types of load conditions that wereconsidered in this study and were drawn by finite element analysis. The results of the finite elementanalysis was also compared with the allowable stresses required in order to determine the designappropriateness of the cargo hose tower structure.
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SHINODA, Takeshi, Kazuhiro SHIMOGAWA, and Yuka TAMURA. "Applied Bayesian Network Risk Assessment for Collision Accidents between Fishing Vessels and Cargo Vessels." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 127 (2012): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.127.165.
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TAMURA, Yuka, and Takeshi SHINODA. "Construction of Database for Collisions between Fishing Vessels and Cargo Vessels and Database Analysis." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 129 (2013): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.129.79.
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