Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Care cascade'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 33 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Care cascade.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Madzima, Rutendo. "Factors affecting men's movement through the HIV cascade in the public health services in Cape Town: Perspectives and experiences of health care providers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25353.
Full textBrouard, Cécile. "Cascade de prise en charge de l’hépatite C chronique en France métropolitaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS473/document.
Full textIntroduction: The World Health Organization has targeted the elimination of hepatitis C and B by 2030, to ensure that 90% of people with chronic infection are diagnosed and 80% are treated. France has planned to achieve this goal for hepatitis C by 2025. This work aims to estimate the cascade of care for chronic hepatitis C in mainland France: 1) in 2016, in order to have a first point for monitoring the elimination; 2) in 2011 to assess the impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on HCV cascade of care.Methods: The numbers of the following populations were estimated for 2016 (18-75 years) and 2011 (18-80 years): 1) with chronic hepatitis C; 2) aware of their infection; 3) in care for chronic hepatitis C during the year; 4) undergoing antiviral treatment during the year. Estimates 1) and 2) were based on: for 2016, a cross-sectional survey, with a biological component, carried out on a random sample of the general metropolitan population; for 2011, on models. Estimates 3) and 4) were made from the National Health Insurance Information System (SNDS), by: i) constructing, for 3), an algorithm for identifying people in care for chronic hepatitis C in the year; ii) taking into account all antiviral treatments for 4).Results: Between 2011 and 2016, the number of people with chronic hepatitis C decreased by 31%, from 192,700 to 133,500. The number of people aware of their infection remained stable: 111,300 in 2011 and 107,600 in 2016. The proportion of chronically infected persons with knowledge of their infection has thus increased from 58% to 81%. Between 2011 and 2016, the number of people identified as being in care for their hepatitis in the year increased from 28,000 (15% of those infected) to 34,300 (26% of those infected). At the same time, the number of people being treated increased from 12,900 (7% of those infected) in 2011 to 16,100 in 2016 (12% of those infected).Conclusion: This work provides, for the first time, estimates of the cascade of care for chronic hepatitis C in mainland France, before and after the introduction of DAAs. It suggests a significant impact of DAAs on the cascade of care. However, access to care and treatment for infected people remained insufficient in 2016, especially with regard to elimination targets
Pease, Christopher. "Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Iqaluit, Nunavut: An Analysis of the Cascade of Care and Cost-Effectiveness of a Novel Treatment Regimen." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40652.
Full textLehnus, Massimiliano. "Bio-BCA (Bio-Barcode Cascade Amplification) : development of a photosensitive, DNA-based exponential amplification platform technology for the detection of nucleic acid biomarkers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277915.
Full textWagner, Ryan G. "The Burden of Epilepsy : using population-based data to define the burden and model a cost-effective intervention for the treatment of epilepsy in rural South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120163.
Full textBaker, Nathaniel T. "Dynamique de la turbulence partiellement 2D / partiellement 3D : une étude expérimentale et théorique dans le cadre MHD à bas-Rm." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI005.
Full textThis thesis aims at clarifying the role of the solenoidal component of the Lorentz force in fixing the topological dimensionality, and the ensuing dynamics of low-Rm MHD turbulent flows confined between electrically insulating and no-slip Hartmann walls. The work presented here breaks down into two main parts: An analytical investigation carried out in the weakly inertial limit on the one hand, and an experimental study of fully developed turbulence on the other hand. The analytical investigation was performed on a single steady and axisymmetric electrically driven vortex confined between no-slip and electrically insulating walls perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field. Thanks to an asymptotic expansion valid for any Hartmann number, we showed that the topological dimensionality of the leading order is fully imposed by a single parameter, which compares the distance over which the Lorentz force is able to act in the direction of the magnetic field, before it is balanced out by viscous friction. This study highlights two inertial mechanisms capable of introducing a third velocity component in the direction of the field, by means of recirculations in the meridional plane: direct and/or inverse Ekman pumping. An experimental platform was designed and built from the ground up during this project, to investigate the dynamics of liquid metal turbulence subject to extreme magnetic fields. The turbulence sustained in our experiment was forced electrically by imposing a DC current through a square periodic array of electrodes. Thanks to this setup, we showed that the statistics of the turbulent fluctuations were homogeneous and axisymmetric to a satisfactory level, despite the forcing mechanism being inhomogeneous and anisotropic. By comparing the energy densities measured along the walls perpendicular to the magnetic field, we confirm that the physical processes at stake in the 3D inertial range of wall-bounded MHD turbulence at low-Rm are the solenoidal component of the Lorentz force on the one hand, and inertia on the other hand. Thanks to a statistical analysis in scale space, we show that their exists a universal law imposing the kinematics of turbulent structures in our experiment, which turns out to be fully described by only two lenghtscales. First, the forcing scale in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Second, the range of action of the Lorentz force before it is balanced out by inertial transfers, in the direction parallel to the field. We prove that the ratio of this latter scale over the height of the channel in fact segregates kinematically quasi-2D from kinematically 3D turbulent structures. By computing the actual flux of perpendicular turbulent kinetic energy along perpendicular scales, we show that it always flows towards larger turbulent scales regardless of their topology. In other words, we show that the existence of an inverse cascade of perpendicular kinetic energy does not necessarily require perpendicular turbulent scales to be topologically quasi-2D in the inertial range
Tristano, Elizabeth. "EFFECTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS ON NUTRIENT PATHWAYS IN AQUATIC FOOD WEBS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1566.
Full textMcGary, R. Shane. "The CAFE experiment : a joint seismic and MT investigation of the Cascadia subduction system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79289.
Full textPage 176 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
In this thesis we present results from inversion of data using dense arrays of collocated seismic and magnetotelluric stations located in the Cascadia subduction zone region of central Washington. In the migrated seismic section, we clearly image the top of the slab and oceanic Moho, as well as a velocity increase corresponding to the eclogitization of the hydrated upper crust. A deeper velocity increase is interpreted as the eclogitization of metastable gabbros, assisted by fluids released from the dehydration of upper mantle chlorite. A low velocity feature interpreted as a fluid/melt phase is present above this transition. The serpentinized wedge and continental Moho are also imaged. The magnetotelluric image further constrains the fluid/melt features, showing a rising conductive feature that forms a column up to a conductor indicative of a magma chamber feeding Mt. Rainier. This feature also explains the disruption of the continental Moho found in the migrated image. Exploration of the assumption of smoothness implicit in the standard MT inversion provides tools that enable us to generate a more accurate MT model. This final MT model clearly demonstrates the link between slab derived fluids/melting and the Mt. Rainier magma chamber.
by R. Shane McGary.
Ph.D.in Geophysics
Bernard, Franck. "Caractérisation des performances d'un télescope sous-marin à neutrinos pour la détection de cascades contenues dans le cadre du projet ANTARES." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001417.
Full textBernard, Franck. "Caractérisation des performances d'un téléscope sous-marin à neutrinos pour la détection de cascades contenues dans le cadre du projet ANTARES." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22094.
Full textCosta, Bruno Balbino Aires da. "" Mossor? n?o cabe num livro" : Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo e a produ??o historiogr?fica do espa?o mossoroense." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16943.
Full textA city is made not only to streets, sidewalks, buildings, bridges and viaducts. The city is also built by layers of sediment from the past that blend with layers of sediments present. The city's it's art, it's sociability is written. The aim of this study is to analyze how Mossor? historiographically the narrative is built by Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo. With this objective, we divide the work into three chapters. At first, we investigate the investment that the prefecture of the Mossor? city at the beginning of the forties, under the administration of Dix-sept Rosado, held for the construction of what would be the city's culture. A culture that was linked to the creation of a library, a museum, a university, the completion of several lectures on the themes of the city, and writing the history of Mossor?. The second chapter discusses the historical conditions of possibility that made Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo of the town historian. In the last chapter, we show how Mossor? was built by Cascudo from the specific analysis of the book Notas e Documentos para a hist?ria de Mossor? (1955). We discuss the conditions for its emergence, examining the interplay of interests that enabled its production
Uma cidade n?o ? feita somente de ruas, cal?adas, pr?dios, pontes e viadutos. A urbe ? constru?da tamb?m pelas camadas de sedimentos do passado que se misturam com as camadas dos sedimentos do presente. A cidade ? arte, ? sociabilidade, ? escrita. O objetivo desse trabalho ? analisar como a cidade de Mossor? ? constru?da historiograficamente pela narrativa de Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo. Com esse objetivo, dividimos o trabalho em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro, investigamos os investimentos que a prefeitura de Mossor? no in?cio dos anos quarenta, sob a administra??o de Dix-sept Rosado, realizou para a constru??o do que seria a cultura da cidade. Uma cultura que estaria vinculada ? cria??o de uma biblioteca, um museu, uma universidade, ? realiza??o de v?rias palestras sobre as tem?ticas da cidade, e ? escrita da hist?ria de Mossor?. No segundo cap?tulo, abordamos as condi??es hist?ricas de possibilidade que fizeram de Lu?s da C?mara Cascudo o historiador da cidade. No ?ltimo cap?tulo, mostramos como Mossor? foi constru?da por Cascudo a partir da an?lise espec?fica do livro Notas e documentos para a Hist?ria de Mossor? (1955). Discutimos as condi??es de sua emerg?ncia, analisando o jogo de interesses que possibilitaram a sua produ??o
Baggio, Janaina. "Avaliação dos resíduos (casca e pó orgânico) de café (Coffea arabica L.) como provável fonte de substâncias bioativas." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89417.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T20:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 232408.pdf: 880174 bytes, checksum: 565073eda2fea773d27e04d125ca508d (MD5)
Os extratos aquoso, alcoólico e etéreo de dois subprodutos gerados pela indústria cafeeira (cascas e pó orgânico) foram avaliados quanto ao conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, com o objetivo de observar a influência de cada solvente extrator. Para isto, os resíduos, cedidos pelas Companhias Cooxupé (Guaxupé - MG) e Garcafé (Garça - SP), foram submetidos ao método de Folin-Ciocalteau, que quantifica os fenólicos totais, ao método radicalar ABTS [2,2´- azinobis - (3-etilbenzotiazonelina-6-ácido sulfônico)] e ao sistema de co-oxidação ß-caroteno/ ácido linoléico, que medem a atividade antioxidante de cada extrato, tendo sido o último também utilizado para verificar o sinergismo entre as amostras e o antioxidante sintético BHT (butil hidroxi tolueno). Os resultados indicaram uma alta atividade antioxidante nos extratos aquosos das cascas de café; o pó orgânico apresentou capacidade antioxidante em todos os extratos, e a ordem foi: etéreo > alcoólico > aquoso. Foi observada uma correlação linear entre o conteúdo de fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante (R2 = 0,9897). Também foi demonstrado o sinergismo entre o extrato aquoso da casca da Companhia Cooxupé a 200 ppm e o BHT, que mostrou uma inibição da oxidação de 88%. Por ter sido a única amostra a apresentar atividade em todos os extratos, o pó orgânico de café foi submetido a um fracionamento, com o intuito de identificar quais os ácidos fenólicos responsáveis pela atividade antioxidante. Estas frações foram submetidas à análise cromatográfica, além da avaliação da atividade antioxidante e do conteúdo de fenólicos totais. Verificou-se que as frações do pó orgânico têm alto conteúdo de fenólicos, variando de 2.013,26 a 4.620,94 mg GAE (equivalentes em ácido gálico) por 100g de amostra (peso seco). As frações de ácidos fenólicos livres, ésteres solúveis e ésteres insolúveis de ácidos fenólicos foram submetidas à cromatografia gasosa, e a quantificação foi baseada nos tempos de retenção dos padrões de ácidos fenólicos. O ácido salicílico foi predominante em todas as frações, com valores acima de 90%. Apesar disto, estas altas concentrações não parecem ser as responsáveis pela atividade antioxidante total. Os resultados apresentados por estes estudos in vitro indicam a possibilidade da utilização destes subprodutos como substituintes dos antioxidantes sintéticos amplamente empregados pelas indústrias, considerando-se a atual preocupação dos consumidores com os efeitos deletérios destes compostos.
Souza, Marta Alessandra de Avila. "CASCA DA BATATA INGLESA(Solanum tuberosum)NA PROTEÇÃO ANTIOXIDANTE DA CARNE DE FRANGO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5646.
Full textA ocorrência da oxidação lipídica é considerada como um dos principais fatores que afetam a qualidade da carne e dos produtos cárneos avícolas, conduzindo-os a alterações sensoriais, perda do valor nutricional, formação de constituintes tóxicos e a geração de radicais livres, os quais estão diretamente associados ao surgimento de inúmeras doenças que afetam a saúde humana. Na tentativa de controlar este processo, muitas pesquisas tem sido desenvolvidas, com o propósito do isolamento de fitoquímicos naturais, obtidos de diversos substratos vegetais, que possuam uma efetiva ação como antioxidantes, os quais, além de terem a preferência dos consumidores, também possuem a capacidade de atuarem como auxiliares na prevenção de doenças. Assim, este trabalho avaliou a ação de extratos obtidos da casca da batata inglesa como antioxidantes em cortes de frango. Elaborou-se dois extratos (aquoso e purificado), os quais foram injetados nos cortes de frango, na proporção de 0,5%. Armazenou-se as amostras sob congelamento (-18°C), analizando-as mensalmente (TBA e pH), juntamente com as amostras sem extrato (controle) durante 8 meses. Realizou-se análises de pH, TBA, atividade antioxidante e fenóis para avaliar a ação antioxidante dos extratos. A atividade antioxidante encontrada foi elevada para os dois extratos, encontrando-se valores entre 84 e 94% de inibição no teste da oxidação acelerada em banha. O extrato purificado apresentou um maior rendimento na extração de fenóis. Os dois extratos foram efetivos no controle da oxidação lipídica nos cortes de frango. A qualidade sensorial do produto não foi afetada pela incorporação do extrato purificado, entretanto, no aquoso, houve uma redução nos escores de sabor.
Tagliari, Cristiane Vanessa. "Desenvolvimento de bioprocesso para produção de cafeina e teofilina dementilases por Rhizopus delemar em fermentação no estado solido utilizando casca de cafe como substrato." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267456.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T19:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tagliari_CristianeVanessa_D.pdf: 4479697 bytes, checksum: 6be0c025bfea14b198b09f150c93d561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo: Avanços na biotecnologia, principalmente na área de tecnologia enzimática e de fragmentações, oferecem oportunidades para a utilização econômica de resíduos agroindustriais. A casca obtida durante o processamento do café por via seca tem sido pouco empregada quando comparada com volume em que é gerada. Este resíduo poderia ser mais utilizado se compostos tóxicos como cafeína e taninos fossem removidos. Fungos filamentosos são capazes de assimilar cafeína e taninos de um meio sintético líquido ou de resíduos de café. Existem poucos trabalhos sobre a detoxificação da casca de café e esta nunca foi relatada com cepas de Rhizopus delemar. A via de degradação da cafeína por este microrganismo e as enzimas envolvidas neste processo também não estão descritas na literatura. O objetivo deste trabaJho foi agregar valor a casca de café por fennentação no estado sólido com R. delemar, investigar a via de degradação da cafeína e caracterizar as enzimas envolvidas neste bioprocesso. As condições de fermentação da casca de café por R. delemar foram otimizadas e os melhores níveis de detoxificação (86% de redução da cafeína e 60% de taninos) foram obtidos em frascos de Erlenmeyer com 75% de umidade inicial, 1O6esporos/g substrato seco, pH 6,5 e 28°C. A cinética do processo fermentativo foi conduzida no biorreator de colunas com as condições otimizadas previamente e indicou que o desenvolvimento do fungo filamentoso e a sua respiração foram relacionados com a degradação de cafeína e de açúcares totais presentes na casca de café. A fase exponencial de crescimento microbiano foi encontrada entre 3 e 5 dias, quando foi detectado máximo consumo de 02 e após a máxima produção das enzimas e degradação da cafeína. Valores máximos de atividade enzimática, 1,8 e 3,3 U/g s.s. para a cafeína e a teofilina demetilase respectivamente, foram obtidos após 2 dias de fermentação em frascos de Erlenmeyer. O extrato enzimático foi estável após estocagem a 2°C e o Km estimado, a temperatura e o pH ótimos foram respectivamente 150J.1M, 30°C e pH 6,5 para a cafeína demetilase e 180J.µM, 30°C e pH 7,4 para a teofilina demetilase. Os resultados mostraram boas perspectivas para a utilização de Rhizopus sp. em processos de detoxificação da casca de café e novas oportunidades poderão surgir para a utilização deste bioproduto e para a aplicação do extrato enzimático obtido neste processo
Abstract: Advances in biotechnology, mainly in the area of enzymes and fermentation technology, offer potential opportunities for economic utilization of agro-industrial residues. The coffee husk obtained during dry processing of coffee has been poorly utilized when compared with the produced volume. Removing the toxics compound as caffeine and tannin, this residue could be more utilized. Filamentous fungi are able to assimilate caffeine and tannins from liquid synthetic media or coffee residue. There are few works about coffee husk detoxification and it was never described with strains of Rhizopus delemar. The caffeine degradation pathway and the enzymes involved in this process have not been described in the literature to. The aim of this work was to improve the nutritive value of coffee husk by solid-state fermentation with R. delemar, to investigate the caffeine degradation pathway and to charactecize enzymes involved in this bioprocess. The conditions of coffee husk fermentation by R. delemar were optimized and the best detoxification levels (86% of caffeine and 60% of tannin reduction) were obtained in Erlenmeyer t1asks with 75% initial moisture, 1O6spores/g dry substrate, at pH 6.5 and 28°C. The kinetic of fermentative process was carried out in packed bed column bioreactor using the conditions previously optimized and showed that the development of filamentous fungi and its respiration was related with caffeine degradation and total sugars presents in coffee husk. The exponential phase of microbial growth was achieved between 3 and 5 days, when was detected maximal 02 consumption and after the maximum production of enzymes and caffeine degradation. The maximum activities, 1.8 and 3.3 U/g d.s. for caffeine and the ophylline demethylase respectively, were achieved at 2 days of fermentation in Erlenrneyer :flasks. The enzymatic extracts were stable after storage at 2°C and the Km estimated, the optimum temperature and pH were respectively 150J.1M, 30°C and pH 6.5 for caffeine demethy1ase and 180J.µM, 30°C and pH 7.4 for theophylline demethy1ase. The results showed good prospects of using Rhizopus sp. for the coffee husk detoxification and would open new opportunities for the utilization of this byproduct and for enzymatic extract application
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Bueno, Stephen Bonilla. "Chapas de partículas multicamadas com resíduos lignocelulósicos e resina PU de mamona." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74133/tde-13102015-135952/.
Full textThis study considered the potential use of agro-industrial wastes like green coconut shell and sugarcane bagasse in order to add value to those materials, by mean fabrication of multilayer particleboards (3 layers: 2 external layers - EL and internal layer - IL), using castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive. The particleboards were evaluated using physic-mechanics tests: density, density profile, water absorption, thickness swelling, static flexure, dynamic flexural, perpendicular traction, screw pullout, Janka hardness and abrasion with the objective to verify the material characteristics and to indicate specific uses, microstructural: Scanning electron microscopy looking to identify microstructural characteristics of composite to interpret the physic-mechanics properties of product, durability: natural aging to expose the material to external environmental conditions and accelerated aging for exposure to indoor conditions. The residues used, the castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive and the parameters of production adopted; proved to be suitable for making multilayer particleboard of low (529 kg/m3) and medium (692 kg/m3) density. The thermal conductivity test allowed to classify the plates in the category of insulating materials with values between 0,14 e 0,17 W/m.K. The density profiles obtained made possible to observe the change of density along the thickness of the boards and showed differences between the homogeneous and multilayer sheets. The multilayer boards presented better physical and mechanical properties in comparison with the homogeneous particleboards and complied with the standards national and international. The results obtained after the natural and accelerated aging indicated that the plates being studied (homogeneous and multilayer) are sensitive to external exposure conditions (temperature, humidity and radiation) and to the extreme conditions of internal exposure (moisture and UVB radiation).
Mayer, Andrei Retamoso. "Características pós abate de novilhos terminados com grão de aveia branca e/ou casca do grão de soja." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10814.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat grain in relation to soybean hulls and mixtures thereof, as an energy source, the components are not part and carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot steers. We used 36 castrated male cattle, originated from the crossing between Charolais x Nellore, age and average final weight of 356.4 kg and 24 months, respectively. The animals were distributed in treatments, as the energy source in the concentrate fraction of the diet with oat grain, soybean hulls or mixture of oat grain and soybean hulls (1:1). The experimental design was a randomized block design with three treatments and 12 experimental units per treatment, each animal an experimental unit. With respect to fat accumulation renal, inguinal, and ruminal set of total fat, there was a significant effect (P <0.05), and the amount of fat and total renal treatments mixture of animal and soybean hulls top the oat. For the other components are not part of the carcass showed no difference between the different energy sources (P> 0.05). As for the effects of energy sources on the quantitative characteristics of the carcass, only differ with regard to the conformation (P <0.05). Since the housing steers the treatments of soybean hulls and oat were carcasses regular conformation and secondly mixing carcasses showed good conformation. The amount of fat was higher in carcasses of animals fed soybean hulls and mixing with respect to oat (P <0.05), there was an inverse relationship to muscle/fat. Regarding the cooling time of housing in the region Longissimus dorsi muscle during periods of 0, 12 and 24 hours there was no significant difference between the pH and temperature (P> 0.05). The pH of the muscle Recto femoralis, animals fed with a mixture of soybean hulls and oat (1:1) showed a lower pH at the time that the carcasses were placed (0 hour) and withdrawals (24 hours) camera cold (P <0.05). No significant values were checked for color, texture, marbling, thawing loss and cooking, organoleptic characteristics and shear force of beef from steers fed different energy sources (P> 0.05). The soybean hulls as the oat mixture between these and do not alter the main characteristics of the carcass and meat, so with different energy sources can be used in the diet of cattle, which benefit producer and refrigerator.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do grão de aveia branca em relação à casca do grão de soja e suas misturas, como fonte energética, sobre os componentes não integrantes e as características da carcaça e qualidade da carne de novilhos terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 36 bovinos machos castrados, oriundos do cruzamento entre as raças Charolês x Nelore, com idade e peso vivo médios finais de 24 meses e 356,4 kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram distribuídos nos tratamentos, conforme a fonte energética na fração concentrada da dieta, com grão de aveia branca, casca do grão de soja ou mistura do grão de aveia branca e da casca do grão de soja (na proporção 1:1). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e 12 unidades experimentais por tratamento, sendo cada animal uma unidade experimental. Com relação ao acúmulo de gordura renal, inguinal, ruminal e conjunto das gorduras totais, observou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05), sendo a quantidade de gordura renal e total dos animais dos tratamentos mistura e casca do grão de soja superior à aveia branca. Para os demais componentes não integrantes da carcaça não observou-se diferença entre as diferentes fontes energéticas (P>0,05). Quanto aos efeitos das fontes energéticas sobre as características quantitativas da carcaça, apenas apresentaram diferença com relação à conformação (P<0,05). Sendo que a carcaça dos novilhos dos tratamentos casca do grão de soja e aveia branca tiveram carcaças de conformação regular e por outro lado a mistura apresentou carcaças de conformação boa. A quantidade de gordura foi maior nas carcaças dos animais dos tratamentos casca do grão de soja e mistura com relação à aveia branca (P<0,05), observou-se comportamento inverso para relação músculo/gordura. Com relação ao tempo de resfriamento da carcaça na região do músculo Longissimus dorsi, nos períodos de 0, 12 e 24 horas não ocorreu diferenças significativas entre o pH e temperatura (P>0,05). Quanto ao pH do músculo Recto femoralis, os animais alimentados com mistura de casca do grão de soja e aveia branca (1:1) apresentaram menor pH no momento que as carcaças foram colocadas (0 hora) e retiradas (24 horas) da câmera fria (P<0,05). Não foram verificados valores significativos para cor, textura, marmoreio, perdas ao descongelamento e a cocção, características organolépticas e força de cisalhamento da carne de novilhos alimentados com diferentes fontes energéticas (P>0,05). A casca do grão de soja como a aveia branca e a mistura entre essas não alteram as principais características da carcaça e da carne, portanto as fontes energéticas estudadas podem ser utilizadas na dieta de bovinos, as quais beneficiam produtor e frigorífico.
Andrade, Kátia Suzana. "Avaliação das técnicas de extração e do potencial antioxidante dos extratos obtidos a partir de casca e de borra de café (Coffea arabica L.)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95258.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T23:17:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 296786.pdf: 1619266 bytes, checksum: 4c4959b572f948a62f2ff59a3e260ce3 (MD5)
O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de café, representando 30% do mercado, com um volume equivalente a soma dos outros seis países de maior produção. A grande produção e também o consumo de café levam a geração de uma enorme quantidade de resíduos. Devido à importância dos diferentes compostos presentes nos resíduos de café, a obtenção de extratos a partir dessas fontes seria uma alternativa de agregação de valor de valor a um subproduto agroindustrial tão abundante. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi a obtenção de extratos de casca e de borra de café, utilizando tecnologia supercrítica e métodos de extração a baixa pressão, a fim de avaliar o potencial antioxidante e a composição dos extratos, e ainda fazer a determinação dos parâmetros cinéticos do processo de ESC. Os extratos obtidos pelos métodos a baixa pressão (soxhlet e ultrassom) mostraram maiores rendimentos quando comparados à extração supercrítica. O potencial antioxidante foi avaliado pelos métodos DPPH, ABTS e Folin-Ciocalteau, sendo que os melhores potenciais antioxidantes foram verificados para os extratos de casca de café obtidos à baixa pressão. A quantificação e identificação dos extratos foram avaliadas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Os principais compostos identificados foram cafeína e ácido clorogênico.
Vallgren, Andreas. "Statistical characteristics of two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic turbulence." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Linné Flow Center, FLOW, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13128.
Full textTwo codes have been developed and implemented for use on massively parallelsuper computers to simulate two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic turbulence.The codes have been found to scale well with increasing resolution and width ofthe simulations. This has allowed for the highest resolution simulations of two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic turbulence so far reported in the literature.The direct numerical simulations have focused on the statistical characteristicsof turbulent cascades of energy and enstrophy, the role of coherent vorticesand departures from universal scaling laws, theoretized more than 40 yearsago. In particular, the investigations have concerned the enstrophy and energycascade in forced and decaying two-dimensional turbulence. Furthermore, theapplicability of Charney’s hypotheses on quasigeostrophic turbulence has beentested. The results have shed light on the flow evolution at very large Reynoldsnumbers. The most important results are the robustness of the enstrophycascade in forced and decaying two-dimensional turbulence, the unexpecteddependency on an infrared Reynolds number in the spectral scaling of theenergy spectrum in the inverse energy cascade, and the validation of Charney’spredictions on the dynamics of quasigeostrophic turbulence. It has also beenshown that the scaling of the energy spectrum in the enstrophy cascade isinsensitive to intermittency in higher order statistics, but that corrections mightapply to the ”universal” Batchelor-Kraichnan constant.
Silva, Maykon Sousa da. "Castor culture of responses to fertilization and mineral Organic combined in the northeast semiarid soil Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15635.
Full textThe fertilization of the soil, traditionally made with the use of mineral fertilizers, is one of the biggest costs of agricultural production. In this way, small and medium producers have difficulties in ensuring good soil fertility conditions. The objective of this study as to determine the combination of mineral fertilizer and organic fertilizer that gives the est answer for the growth and production of castor bean. The experiment was carried out between April and September 2014. The statistical design was randomized blocks, which were tested 25 treatments distributed in a factorial 5 x 5, with combined five doses of mineral fertilizer (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg ha-1 of N + P2O5 + K2O in a ratio of 1: 1: 1) and five levels of fertilizer (0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.0 t ha-1 composite castor bean cake). The experiment was conducted in the municipality of CrateÃs, state of CearÃ. The soil of the region is a ultisol Yellow eutrophic, with sandy loam texture. The area was irrigated daily with a sprinkler system located dripline with 4.14 L of 1-time average flow, and the volume of water used was about 300 mm per month. It was evaluated the production weight components, number of fruit and seed weight of the primary raceme, number of racemes per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and yield, as well as the concentrations of macro and micronutrients in leaf of castor bean. The highest yield was achieved in the use of fertilizer combined with 3.75 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer with 150.0 kg ha-1 of mineral fertilizer. The trend of castor productivity increase was observed for the organic fertilizer with 3.75 tons ha-1 of organic manure combined with mineral fertilizer to the maximum amount of 176.80 kg ha-1 of mineral fertilizer, with maximum production reached approximately 2372.0 kg ha-1. The production component that contributes most to the increase of castor bean productivity is the number of racemes per plant, which can substantially increase the amount of seed for cultivation area.
A adubaÃÃo do solo, tradicionalmente feita com a utilizaÃÃo de adubos minerais, representa um dos maiores custos da produÃÃo agrÃcola. Desta forma, os pequenos e mÃdios produtores tÃm dificuldades para assegurar as boas condiÃÃes de fertilidade do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a combinaÃÃo de adubo mineral e adubo orgÃnico que proporcione a melhor resposta para o crescimento e produÃÃo da mamoneira. O experimento foi realizado entre abril e setembro de 2014. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, onde foram testados 25 tratamentos distribuÃdos em um esquema fatorial 5 x 5, sendo combinadas cinco doses de adubo mineral (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 kg ha-1 de N+P2O5+K2O na proporÃÃo 1:1:1) e cinco doses de adubo orgÃnico (0, 1,25, 2,50, 3,75 e 5,0 toneladas ha-1 de torta de mamona composta). O experimento foi realizado no municÃpio de CrateÃs, estado do CearÃ. O solo da regiÃo à um ARGISSOLO Amarelo eutrÃfico, com textura franco arenosa. A Ãrea foi irrigada diariamente com sistema de irrigaÃÃo localizada com tubo gotejador de 4,14 L hora-1 de vazÃo mÃdia, sendo que o volume de Ãgua utilizado foi de aproximadamente 300 mm mensais. Foram avaliados os componentes de produÃÃo peso, nÃmero de frutos e peso das sementes do racemo primÃrio, nÃmero de racemos por planta, peso de 100 sementes e produtividade, bem como as concentraÃÃes dos macros e micronutrientes da folha da mamoneira. A maior produtividade foi alcanÃada na utilizaÃÃo de adubaÃÃo combinada com 3,75 toneladas ha-1 de adubo orgÃnico com 150,0 kg ha-1 de adubo mineral. A tendÃncia de aumento de produtividade da mamona foi verificada para a adubaÃÃo orgÃnica com 3,75 toneladas ha-1 de adubo orgÃnico combinada com adubo mineral atà a quantidade mÃxima de 176,80 kg ha-1 de adubo mineral, com a produÃÃo mÃxima alcanÃada de aproximadamente 2372,0 kg ha-1. O componente de produÃÃo que mais contribui para o aumento da produtividade da mamoneira à o nÃmero de racemos por planta, que pode aumentar substancialmente a quantidade de sementes por Ãrea de cultivo.
Oliveira, Juliana Ferreira de. "Obtenção de sílicas mesoporosas altamente ordenadas a partir das cinzas da casca de arroz e do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-25032015-094541/.
Full textThis work proposes the use of ashes of two agro-industrial wastes - rice husk and sugar cane bagasse - as a source of silica (SiO2) for the synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous silicas. This application, besides adding value to waste, aims an alternative to ortossicato tetraethyl, an expensive source of silica, whose obtaining causes environmental damage. Samples of rice husks from four different sources were characterized by thermogravimetry / derivative thermogravimetry (TG / DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and elemental CHN analysis. Based on these results, two samples were selected to obtain silica. Two other samples of sugar cane bagasse from different sources were also characterized by this methodology. To better understand the steps of thermal degradation of organic matter, the results of TG / DTG were associated with FT-IR and a kinetic study was performed by TG. Different treatments in an acid medium were carried out with the aim of removing impurities and reduce the time required for calcination of the materials. The method chosen for each material was defined from the tests and from evaluation of the results of TG / DTG. The ash obtained after the calcination of materials in muffle furnace, with and without prior acid treatment, were characterized by SEM / EDS, XRD and isotherms of adsorption/desorption of N2. The treated samples ashes showed higher purity than those not treated, and for those obtained from rice hulls were amorphous and with high BET surface area (200-300 m2.g-1). The synthesis of mesoporous silicas were tested employing the isolated ash samples treated in acid medium using three different synthetic routes. In one of them it was possible to obtain a spherical morphology material with BET surface area of 500 m2.g-1 and average pore diameter (BJH) of 4 nm. The characterization by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed a hexagonal ordering of the pores. A material with the same morphology was obtained employing commercial sodium silicate instead of the ash. The synthetized materials have potential for many applications, including packaging of liquid chromatography columns, encapsulation of drugs with controlled release, catalysis and support for deposition of materials.
Lima, Paulo Henrique de. "Resíduos agroindustriais como fonte de silício para a cultura do milho." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/153.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The agro-industrial residues have great potential for providing silicon (Si) and other nutrients for crops. The objective of this work to assess the supply of silicon for organic waste agribusiness, and to evaluate the influence of this nutrient in the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg ) and sulfur (S) in maize. We analyzed the accumulation of silicon in the leaves and stems of the plant and the effect of these sources in stem diameter, the height and mass of dry corn plant, as well as the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in corn leaves provided by agro-industrial residues and by levels of silicon used. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design (4x3) + 1. We evaluated three sources organic agribusiness (bagasse ash from sugar cane filter cake rotary sugarcane and rice hulls), and for the supply of silicon also evaluated the mineral source (calcium silicate PA); three strengths of SiO2 (175 kg ha-1, 350 kg ha-1 and 700 kg ha-1) and additional treatment (control), which received no SiO2. The sources and doses of SiO2 did not affect the mass of dried corn plants. However, the addition of SiO2 dose provided an increase in the diameter of stem of the maize plant. The rice hulls was more efficient among all treatments in Si supply to the corn crop. The supply of Si favors the absorption and consequent accumulation of potassium and phosphorus from the corn plant. There was no relationship between the supply of Si and Mg and S uptake by corn plant. Finally, there was no relationship between the accumulation of Si and the reduction of leaf N in corn plants.
Os resíduos agroindustriais possuem elevado potencial para fornecimento de silício (Si) e outros nutrientes para as culturas agrícolas. Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, avaliar o fornecimento de silício por resíduos orgânicos agroindustriais, e avaliar a influência desse nutriente no acúmulo de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg) e enxofre(S) na planta de milho. Foi analisado o acúmulo de silício nas folhas e nos colmos da planta e o efeito dessas fontes no diâmetro do colmo, na altura e na massa da planta de milho seca, assim como o acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S nas folhas de milho proporcionado pelos resíduos agroindustriais e pelas doses de silício utilizadas. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (4x3) + 1. Foram avaliadas três fontes orgânicas agroindustriais (cinza de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, torta de filtro rotativo de cana-de-açúcar e casca-de-arroz carbonizada), e para o fornecimento de silício também avaliou-se a fonte mineral (silicato de cálcio P.A.); três dosagens de SiO2(175 Kg ha-1, 350 Kg ha-1 e 700 Kg ha1) e o tratamento adicional (testemunha), o qual não recebeu SiO2. As fontes e doses de SiO2 não influenciaram a massa das plantas secas de milho. Entretanto, o acréscimo das doses de SiO2 proporcionou o aumento no diâmetro de colmo da planta de milho. A casca-de-arroz carbonizada mostrou-se mais eficiente entre todos os tratamentos no fornecimento de Si para a cultura do milho. O fornecimento de Si favoreceu a absorção e consequente acúmulo de P e K pela planta de milho. Não se observou relação entre o fornecimento de Si e a absorção de Mg e S pela planta de milho. Por fim, não houve relação entre o acúmulo de Si e a redução do N foliar nas plantas de milho.
Wommer, Tatiana Pfuller. "Características da carcaça e da carne e perfil de ácidos graxos de cordeiros de duas raças submetidos a níveis de inclusão de casca de grão de soja na dieta." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4349.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate carcass and meat characteristics of lambs from two genetic groups fed diets with different inclusions of soybean hulls in replacement of forage. Forty uncastrated male lambs were used, 20 from the Texel breed and 20 from Ideal breed, weaned approximately at 60 days and housed in individual pens were randomly divided into four groups according to the level of inclusion of soybean hulls in the diet: 0%, 33.5%, 66.5% and 100% of soybean hulls in replacement of sorghum silage. Lambs were slaughtered when they reached 60% of maturity body weight, 27 kg for Ideal breed animals and 32 kg for the Texel breed animals, being determined qualitative and quantitative carcass and meat. Texel lambs had higher average daily weight gain and carcass yield (P<0,05), being higher when it raises the level of soybean hulls. The genetic group did not affect the variables related to fat deposition as marbling, greasing state and subcutaneous fat thickness. The Texel breed, presented greater morphometric measurements of carcass (P<0,05) when compared with Ideal animals. The racial group did not alter the relative weight of the carcass cuts (P>0,05), however affects the tissue composition. Shoulder was the cut that best predicts the total carcass tissue composition of Texel and Ideal lambs. The genetic group affects the protein content of the meat, being superior to the animals of the Texel. The inclusion level of soybean hulls exerts influence on the moisture content of lamb meat. The race affected the pH, temperature, color, odor and cooking losses from lamb meat (P<0,05). The highest levels of soybean hulls result in changes in the texture profile, in lighter meat, with softer flavor and terderness. The race and the level of soybean hulls not affect the cholesterol content (P<0,05). Among the identified fatty acids, only conjugated linoleic acid had significant difference between the two breeds, being superior to the animals of the Texel breed.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros de dois grupos genéticos submetidos a dietas com diferentes inclusões de casca de soja em substituição ao volumoso. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos não castrados, sendo 20 provenientes da raça Texel e 20 da raça Ideal, desmamados aproximadamente aos 60 dias e confinados em baias individuais, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de acordo com o nível de inclusão de casca de soja na dieta: 0%, 33,5%, 66,5% e 100% de casca de soja em substituição a silagem de sorgo. Os cordeiros foram abatidos quando alcançaram 60% do peso vivo a maturidade, ou seja, 27 kg para os animais da raça Ideal e 32 kg de peso vivo para os da raça Texel, sendo determinadas as características qualitativas e quantitativas da carcaça e da carne. Cordeiros da raça Texel apresentaram maior ganho médio diário de peso e rendimentos de carcaças (P<0,05), sendo superior quando se eleva o nível de casca de soja. O grupo genético não afetou as variáveis relacionadas a deposição de gordura como marmoreio, estado de engorduramento e espessura de gordura subcutânea. A raça Texel, apresentou maiores medidas morfométricas da carcaça (P<0,05) quando comparadas com animais Ideal. O grupo racial não alterou o peso relativo dos cortes da carcaça (P>0,05), entretanto afetou a composição tecidual. A paleta é o corte que melhor prediz a composição tecidual total da carcaça de cordeiros Texel e Ideal. O grupo genético afetou o teor de proteína da carne, sendo superior para os animais da raça Texel. O nível de inclusão de casca de soja exerceu influencia no teor de umidade da carne dos cordeiros. A raça afetou os valores de pH, temperatura, cor, odor e perdas ao cozimento da carne dos cordeiros (P<0,05). Os maiores níveis de casca de soja resultaram em mudanças no perfil de textura, em carne mais clara, de sabor mais fraco e com maior maciez. A raça e o nível de casca de soja não afetaram o teor de colesterol (P<0,05). Dentre os ácidos graxos identificados, somente o ácido linoléico conjugado apresentou diferença entre as raças estudadas, sendo superior para os animais da raça Texel.
Freitas, Fernanda Mara Cunha. "Utilização de aditivos na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5098.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-01-14T11:25:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Mara Cunha Freitas - 2013.pdf: 1356945 bytes, checksum: aae126546b262676d8da9435c96ce3d3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-14T11:25:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fernanda Mara Cunha Freitas - 2013.pdf: 1356945 bytes, checksum: aae126546b262676d8da9435c96ce3d3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30
The objective of this work was to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of silage of sugarcane mixed with soybean hulls, bacterial inoculant (L. buchneri) and urea, and their combinations. In addition, intake, milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cows were evaluated. In the first experiment, eight different silages were made using the sugarcane cultivar IAC 86-2480 with the additives: Lactobacillus plantarum/Lactobacillus buchneri (strain NCIMB 40788), urea at the level of 0.5% of the original material and soybean hulls at 10 and 20% of the original fresh material. Eight treatments were tested in mini-silos: pure sugarcane (CN); sugarcane with bacterial inoculant (CNIB); sugarcane with 0.5% urea (CNUR); CNUR + IB (CNIBUR); CNUR + 10% soybean hulls (CNUR10%CS); CNUR + 20% soybean hulls (CNUR20%CS); CNIBUR + 10% CS (CNIBUR10% CS) and CNIBUR + 20% CS (CNIBUR20%CS). The experimental design was a completely randomized with 9 opening periods (1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days post-closing) with three replicates. We evaluated total, gaseous, and effluent losses as well as the percentages of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). There was no significant effect of bacterial innoculant or urea on silage characteristics: neither pH, dry matter content of silage or gaseous and effluent losses. Urea and bacterial inoculant increased the level of lactic acid and reduced ethanol level (P<0.05) of the silages. The addition of 10 or 20% of soy hulls, by the other side, led to an improvement of silage composition and reduced gaseous and effluent losses, but showed no effect on ethanol or lactic acid of the ensiled sugarcane. In the second experiment, we evaluate the performance of lactating cows fed sugarcane silages with and without soybean hulls or bacterial innoculant. Four lactating cows were randomly assigned to a 4x4 Latin Square design. The experimental treatments tested were: sugarcane silage with bacterial inoculant (CNIB), CNIB with 10% soybean hulls (CNIB10%CS) and CNIB with 20% CS (CNIB20%CS), and a control treatment without additive (CN) pure cane silage (CN). The four experimental periods, lasting 21 days, were splitted into 14 days of adaptation and the following seven days for data collection (milk yield and composition and live weight of the animals). Bacterial inoculant affected negatively dry matter, NDF and protein intake, whereas addition of soybean hulls increase intake of DM, NDF, milk yield and weight gain. The higher the level of soy hulls the higher gain in weight. The inclusion of soy hulls led to weight gain whereas CN or CNIB led to weight losses. It is recommended the addition of soy hulls to the sugarcane chopped material to be ensiled at levels from 10 to 20%.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o perfil fermentativo de silagem de cana-de-açúcar aditivada com casca de soja, inoculante bacteriano Lactobacillus buchneri e uréia, em diferentes combinações, além de avaliar consumo e desempenho de vacas lactantes (quantidade e composição do leite produzido). Foram confeccionadas oito silagens diferentes, utilizando a cultivar de cana-de-açúcar IAC 86-2480. Como aditivos foram utilizados: inoculante bacteriano foi o Lactobacillus buchneri (cepa NCIMB 40788), uréia na proporção de 0,5% da matéria original e casca de soja nas proporções de 10 e 20% na matéria original. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados mini-silos, com oito tratamentos: cana pura (CN); CN + inoculante bacteriano (CNIB); CN com 0.5% uréia (CNUR); CNUR + IB (CNIBUR); CNUR + 10% casca de soja (CNUR10%CS); CNUR + 20% de casca de soja (CNUR20%CS); CNIBUR + 10% CS (CNIBUR10% CS) and CNIBUR + 20% CS (CNIBUR20%CS). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 9 períodos de abertura dos silos experimentais (1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 dias pós-fechamento) e 3 repetições. Foram avaliadas as perdas totais, gasosas e por efluentes, além das porcentagens de matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Não foram detectados efeitos do inoculante bacteriano ou uréia sobre as características da silagem, como pH, teor de matéria seca e perdas por efluentes ou gases. Uréia e inoculante bacteriano aumentaram o teor de ácido lático e reduziu o teor de etanol das silagens (P<0,05). A adição de casca de soja, por outro lado, melhorou a composição da silagem com redução nas perdas, mas não afetou os teores de etanol ou ácido lático da cana ensilada. No segundo experimento, foram utilizadas quatro vacas para avaliação da produção de leite e sua composição. Essas foram alimentadas com silagem de cana-de-açúcar com e sem casca de soja, em delineamento experimental quadrado latino 4x4. Os tratamentos foram silagem de cana com inoculante bacteriano (CNIB), silagem de cana com inoculante bacteriano e 10% de casca de soja (CNIB+10%CS) e silagem de cana com inoculante bacteriano e 20% de casca de soja (CNIB+20%CS). O tratamento controle foi silagem de cana pura (CN). Os quatro períodos experimentais, com duração de 21 dias, foram divididos em adaptação (14 dias) e coleta de dados de produção e composição do leite, e mudanças no peso vivo. O inoculante bacteriano afetou negativamente o consumo de matéria seca, de FDN e proteína bruta, enquanto a adição de casca de soja aumentou o consumo de matéria seca, de FDN e a produção de leite. A adição de casca de soja proporcionou ganho de peso, com o nível de 20% superando o nível de 10%. Enquanto a inclusão de casca de soja proporcionou ganho de peso, os tratamentos CN e CNIB levaram a perdas de peso. Recomenda-se a adição de casca de soja a massa a ser ensilada de cana-de-açúcar em níveis entre 10 a 20%.
Louot, Christophe. "Sources de supercontinuum pour la microspectroscopie Raman cohérente large-bande." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0015/document.
Full textCoherent Raman microspectroscopy (CARS) is an optical method used to identify molecular bonds in a sample in order to analyze and determine its complete composition. It requires the simultaneous excitation of the sample by two waves (the pump wave and the Stokes wave) in order to induce resonant vibration of the bond to be detected. For multiple bonds analysis (broadband coherent Raman microspectroscopy our Multiplex-CARS), the monochromatic Stokes wave must be replaced by a broadband beam (supercontinuum). The aim of this thesis was to design supercontinuum sources optimized for Multiplex-CARS application, in particular in terms of spectral bandwidth and spectral power density. Supercontinuum generation was investigated in three different optical fibers: (i) a microstructured single mode fiber with a large Yb doped core in which the input beam was re-amplified all along its propagation; (ii) a conventional singlemode fiber pumped in the normal dispersion regime in which spectral broadening was achieved by means of Raman gain saturation; (iii) a conventional graded-index multimode fiber in which the beam spectrally broadened by Raman gain saturation at very high power also experienced spatial self-cleaning by Kerr effect, resulting in a high brillance output beam with an,intensity profile close to that of the fundamental mode. A complete spectrotemporal study is achieved for each of these three sources
Rezende, Pedro Leonardo de Paula. "Substituição do milho por casca de soja em dietas de alta proporção de concentrado para novilhas nelore abatidas com diferentes pesos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3799.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-12-16T09:26:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese-Pedro Leonardo de Paula Rezende-2013.pdf: 1990022 bytes, checksum: 4763bbae50ef3499c69013720dde8eb1 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-16T09:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese-Pedro Leonardo de Paula Rezende-2013.pdf: 1990022 bytes, checksum: 4763bbae50ef3499c69013720dde8eb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
We studied the effect of substitution of 0, 33, 66 and 100% of ground corn (GC) by soybean hulls (SH) in diet’s concentrate portion of 144 Nellore heifers of 24 to 30 months of age and 263.40 + 13.90 kg of body weight in beginning of feedlot and slaughtered at different weights (<340, 340-370, 370-400 and >400 kg). There was no significant interaction between levels of substitution of GC by SH and slaughter weight classes being these effects studied separately. Diets were composed of 90 % concentrate and 10 % corn silage. The experimental period was 112 days, including the period of adaptation. The dry matter intake was not altered by substitution of GC by SH with mean values of 2.51 % of body weight. The substitution level of GC by SH resulted in a linear increase in NDF intake (1.08, 2.03, 2.92 and 3.78 kg/day) and reduced consumption of NDT (5.78, 5 16, 5.03 and 5.12 kg/day) with the addition of 0, 33, 66 and 100 % of GC by SH substitution, respectively. The average daily weight gain decreased linearly (1.24, 1.11, 1.02 and 0.89 kg / day), while feed conversion increased (6.20, 7.08, 7.77 and 8.67 kg DM intake/kg ADG) for the levels of 0, 33, 66 and 100% SH in the diet, respectively. The body condition score was not influenced by levels of substitution of GC by SH presenting mean values of 3.51 points. The body measurements were not affected by treatments, both on the back as the withers, with mean values of 138.5 and 133.25 cm, respectively. Measures of thorax perimeter and body length decreased linearly with the inclusion of SH levels. The slaughter weight decreased linearly with values of 383.52, 374.71, 363.25 and 366.27 kg for levels of 0, 33, 66 and 100 % replacement of GC for SH, respectively, however the hot carcass weight or cold were not affected by the replacement of GC by SH and showed average values of 203.52 and 199.25 kg, respectively. There was no effect of dietary treatment on hot carcass yield showing mean values of 54.92 %. The conformation of the carcasses was not affected by the replacement of GC by SH, with average values of 9.16 points. The subcutaneous fat thickness and loin eye area were not affected by dietary treatments and showed mean values of 5.3 mm and 53.08 cm2, respectively. The yields of primary carcass cut (front, special needle and side cut) were not affected by SH inclusion levels and showed average values of 36.52, 51.72 and 11.55%, respectively. The objective measurements of carcass were not affected by replacement levels of GC by SH. It was found linear effect of treatments on the compactness of carcasses showing average values of 1.56, 1.57, 1.51 and 1.45 cm/kg of cold carcass, to replacing levels of 0, 33, 66 and 100% of SH, respectively. The color and texture of meat were not influenced by dietary treatments and showed average values of 3.30 and 3.19 points, respectively. The marbling of the meat was not influenced by the substitution of GC by SH presenting mean values 8.56 points, with amplitude values between 2 and 17 points. The elevation of slaughter weight resulted in increased weights of hot and cold carcass. Animals slaughtered with weight >400kg had hot carcass yield of 52.76 %, lower than the group of 370-400 kg (56.55 %). The subcutaneous fat thickness was not affected by slaughter weight in any of the expression forms of this variable, with mean values of 5.26 mm and 2.67% of the cold carcass weight. The loin eye area increased with the increase of slaughter weight, and the correlation between these variables was 0.62 (P=0.001), however, when this variable was expressed to 100 kg cold carcass this difference disappeared, with average scores of 26,72 cm2 for each 100 kg of cold carcass. The animals slaughtered with weight >400kg showed better conformation (9.79 points) compared to the other weight classes did not differ among themselves. There was a significant effect of slaughter weight on the carcasses length, arm perimeter and cushion thickness which increased 5.9, 2.3 and 3.12 cm, respectively, amounted to slaughter weight of <340 to >400 kg. Animals slaughtered with weight >400kg had higher carcass compactness compared to the other treatments (1.65 cm long/ kg of cold carcass weight). The absolute weights of primary cuts of the carcass increased with the slaughter weight, however to adjust the weights of the front and rear to 100 kg of cold carcass, this difference disappeared, with values of 36.59 and 51.99%, respectively. The color and texture of the meat were not influenced by slaughter weights showing average values of 3.28 and 3.19 points, respectively. The marbling of the meat was lower in the group of animals slaughtered weighing less than 340 kg compared to the other weight classes did not differ among themselves. It was concluded which although not influence the main carcass characteristics, the replace of ground corn by soybean hulls in high concentrate diets is not efficient because has depressing effect on the productive performance, notably weight gain and feed conversion. Feedlot Nellore heifers must not be slaughtered weighing less than 340 kg because they have lower carcass weight and less marbling of the meat.
Foram estudados os efeitos da substituição de 0, 33, 66 e 100% do milho moído (MM) por casca do grão de soja (CS), na porção concentrada da dieta, de 144 novilhas de descarte da raça Nelore com 24 a 30 meses de idade e 263,40 + 13,90 kg de peso vivo médio inicial, terminadas em confinamento e abatidas com diferentes pesos (<340; 340-370; 370-400 e >400 kg). Não foi constatada interação significativa entre os níveis de substituição do MM pela CS e classes de peso ao abate sendo estes efeitos estudados separadamente. As dietas foram constituídas de 90% de concentrado e 10% de silagem de milho. O período experimental foi de 112 dias, incluindo o período de adaptação. O consumo de matéria seca não foi alterado pelos níveis de CS na dieta com valores médios de 2,51% do peso corporal. A elevação do nível de CS em substituição ao MM resultou em aumento linear do consumo de FDN (1,08; 2,03; 2,92 e 3,78 kg/dia) e redução do consumo de NDT (5,78; 5,16; 5,03 e 5,12 kg/dia) com a inclusão de 0, 33, 66 e 100% de CS em substituição ao MM, respectivamente. O ganho de peso médio diário reduziu linearmente (1,24; 1,11; 1,02 e 0,89 kg/dia), enquanto a conversão alimentar aumentou (6,20; 7,08; 7,77 e 8,67 kg de MS ingerida/kg de GMD) para os níveis de 0, 33, 66 e 100% de CS na dieta, respectivamente. O escore de condição corporal não foi alterado pelos níveis de substituição do MM por CS apresentando valores médios de 3,51 pontos. As medidas corporais de altura não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos, tanto na garupa quanto na cernelha, apresentando valores médios de 138,5 e 133,25 cm, respectivamente. As medidas de perímetro torácico e comprimento corporal reduziram linearmente, conforme aumentou a inclusão de CS. O peso de abate (PAB) reduziu linearmente apresentando valores de 383,52; 374,71; 363,25 e 366,27 kg para os níveis de 0, 33, 66 e 100% de substituição do MM por CS, respectivamente, entretanto os pesos de carcaça quente (PCQ) ou fria (PCF) não foram alterados pela substituição do MM por CS e apresentaram valores médios de 203,52 e 199,25 kg, respectivamente. Não foi constatado efeito dos tratamentos alimentares sobre o rendimento de carcaça quente que apresentou valores médios de 54,92%. A conformação das carcaças não foi influenciada pela substituição do MM por CS, apresentando valores médios de 9,16 pontos. A espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e a área de olho de lombo (AOL) não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos alimentares e apresentaram valores médios de 5,3 mm e 53,08 cm2, respectivamente. O rendimento dos cortes primários da carcaça dianteiro, traseiro especial e ponta de agulha não foram alterados pela inclusão de CS e apresentaram valores médios de 36,52; 51,72 e 11,55% da carcaça fria, respectivamente. As medidas objetivas da carcaça não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de substituição do MM por CS. Constatou-se efeito linear decrescente dos tratamentos sobre a compacidade das carcaças apresentando valores médios de 1,56; 1,57; 1,51e 1,45 cm/kg de carcaça fria, para os níveis de 0, 33, 66 e 100% de substituição do MM por CS, respectivamente. A cor e a textura da carne não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos alimentares e apresentaram valores médios de 3,30 e 3,19 pontos, respectivamente. O marmoreio da carne não foi alterado pela substituição do MM por CS apresentando valores médios 8,56 pontos, com valores de amplitude entre 2 e 17 pontos. A elevação dos pesos de abate resultou em aumento dos pesos da carcaça quente e fria. Animais abatidos com peso superior à 400 kg apresentaram rendimento de carcaça quente de 52,76%, inferior ao grupo de 370-400 kg (56,55%). A EGS não foi influenciada pelos pesos de abate em nenhuma das formas de expressão desta variável, apresentando valores médios de 5,26 mm e 2,67% em relação ao peso da carcaça fria. A AOL aumentou com a elevação dos pesos de abate, sendo a correlação entre estas variáveis de 0,62 (P=0,001) entretanto quando esta variável foi ajustada para 100 kg de carcaça fria esta diferença deixou de existir, apresentando resultados médios de 26,72 cm2 para cada 100 kg de carcaça fria. Os animais abatidos com peso superior a 400 kg apresentaram melhor conformação (9,79 pontos) que os demais grupos experimentais que não diferiram entre si. Verificou-se efeito significativo dos pesos de abate sobre o comprimento das carcaças, perímetro de braço e espessura de coxão que aumentaram 5,9; 2,3 e 3,12 cm, respectivamente, quando elevou-se o peso de abate de <340 à >400 kg. Animais abatidos com peso superior à 400 kg apresentaram maior compacidade das carcaças em relação aos demais tratamentos (1,65 cm de comprimento/kg de carcaça fria). Os pesos absolutos dos cortes primários da carcaça aumentaram conforme elevou-se o peso de abate, entretanto ao ajustar os pesos do dianteiro e do traseiro em relação à 100 kg de carcaça fria, esta diferença deixou de existir, apresentando valores de 36,59 e 51,99%, respectivamente. A cor e textura da carne não foram influenciadas pelos pesos de abate apresentando valores médios de 3,28 e 3,19 pontos, respectivamente. O marmoreio da carne, foi menor no grupo de animais abatidos com peso inferior à 340 kg em comparação ás demais classes de peso que não diferiram entre si. Concluiu-se que apesar de não influenciar as principais características da carcaça, a casca de soja não é eficiente para substituir o milho moído em dietas de alta inclusão de concentrado para novilhas confinadas, pois tem efeito depressivo sobre as principais variáveis de desempenho produtivo, notadamente o ganho em peso e a conversão alimentar. Novilhas de descarte da raça Nelore terminadas em confinamento não devem ser abatidas com peso inferior à 340 kg pois apresentam menor peso de carcaça e menor grau de marmoreio da carne.
Dušek, Jiří. "Elektronická škrticí klapka." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219313.
Full textTurino, Vicente de França. "Substituição da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura pela FDN da casca de soja em dietas contendo alta proporção de concentrado para cordeiros confinados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17092003-144000/.
Full textThree trials were conduced to evaluate the replacement of sugar cane bagasse (SB) by soybean hulls (SH) as NDF source on lambs fed a high grain feedlot diet. A performance trial (Trial I) with 60 Santa Ines ram lambs (16.4 kg BW and 67 days old), was conduced on a factorial arrangement, in a complete randomized block design, with 5 treatments and six replications. The treatments were: 100C (all concentrate diet), SB14 (95% concentrate and 5% SB), SB18 (90% concentrate and 10% SB), SH14 (92% concentrate and 8% SH) and SH18 (88% concentrate and 12% SH). Diets were isoproteic, and the levels of NDF were adjusted to be 14% (SB14 and SH14) or 18% (SB18 and SH18) for both NDF sources. Animals on SH diets had higher ADG (P=0.07) than animals on SB. 100C diet decreased (P=0.09) dry matter intake (PV 0.75 ) compared to diets containing fiber sources (SB or SH). There was no difference (P>0.10) on feed conversion. An interaction (P<0.07) among NDF source and level was observed for the hot and cold carcasses yields. SH at 18% NDF had higher carcasses yields than SB at the same NDF level. On digestibilty trial (Trial II), five Santa Ines ram lambs (35.6 kg BW and 172 days old), were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Experimental treatments were the same as those used on Trial I. Diets with fiber sources (SH or SB) increased (P<0.05) dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and NDF intakes compared to 100C diet. NDF intake (P<0.025) and nutrient digestibilities (P<0.001) were affected by fiber sources, with improved DM, OM and NDF digestibilities for SH treatments compared to SB. During the Trial I a behavioral evaluation (Trial III) was performed. Diets containing fiber sources had an increased (P<0.05) eating, ruminating and chewing times (minutes/day and minutes/g NDF) compared to 100C diet. SB increased (P<0.0001) the rumination activity in relation to SH (minutes/day and minutes/g NDF). There were interactions of NDF levels and sources for time spent feeding (P<0.002) and chewing activities (P<0.03) (minutes/day and minutes/g NDF), where higher for SB in both NDF levels (14 or 18%). SH resulted in higher weight gain and nutrient digestibilities than SB, although, the results indicate that NDF from SH has only 14% of physical effectiveness of SB. However, SB improved rumination and chewing activities when lambs were fed high grain diets.
TARGINO, Luciano Campos. "Viabilidade e oportunidade de mercado na criação de Galinhas da Angola (Numida melagris galeata)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/794.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T17:10:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO CAMPOS TARGINO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 553406 bytes, checksum: 2610d8596de919df9e7821e442749625 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
A exploração racional de Galinhas da Angola (Numida melagris galeata) pode ser um negócio rentável e sua viabilidade econômica está intimamente ligada ao manejo adequado e capacidade empreendedora do produtor, já que é uma ave extremamente apreciada pelo sabor característico e peculiar de sua carne. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a viabilidade e oportunidade de mercado na criação de Galinhas da Angola como parte do setor avícola. A coleta de dados ocorreu ao longo do ano de 2014 e meados de 2015 em dois municípios do estado do Ceará (Maracanaú e Cascavel), que se destacam no cenário nacional, na exploração comercial e industrial dessas aves. Verificou-se que ao atingirem 100 (cem) dias de idade quando apresentam no mínimo, 1,5kg/ave, são abatidas, atingindo uma média de abates de 3.000 galinhas angolas/mês, da linhagem Francesa, sendo o Kg comercializado (em setembro/2014) pelo valor de RS 16,00. O público consumidor que mais aprecia a carne é a classe média. Toda a produção é escoada na Grande Fortaleza e municípios vizinhos, tendo como público alvo, os restaurantes (70%), frigoríficos (28%) e pessoas que adquirem individualmente as aves já abatidas, direto com os produtores (2%). Observou-se que o pequeno produtor que recebe 160 pintos, no final da produção de cada lote, poderá lucrar até R$ 400,00/ciclo de criação, com valor recebido de R$ 2,50/ave, onde poderá lucrar até R$ 800,00/mês quando são entregues dois lotes sem nenhum custo já que toda a despesa com manejo alimentar e sanitário é custeado pelo produtor distribuidor. A exploração de Galinhas da Angola caracteriza-se por ser uma atividade economicamente viável, devido à rusticidade dos animais, minimizando os custos com manejo sanitário e uso de medicamentos. O sistema semi-intensivo de produção é o mais indicado para a criação comercial, por permitir uma maior qualidade vida às aves, pré- requisito que permite um sabor característico a carne, fugindo assim dos padrões dos frangos e galinhas criadas em total confinamento. A criação de Galinhas da Angola mostra-se viável, devido sua boa aceitação pelo mercado consumidor que busca cada vez mais alimentos alternativos e de qualidade, e por garantir uma diversificação e renda extra aos sistemas de produção dos municípios de Maracanaú e Cascavel.
The rational exploitation of chickens Angola (Numida melagris galeata) can be a profitable business and their economic viability is closely linked to adequate management and entrepreneurial capacity of the producer, as is a bird greatly appreciated by the characteristic and peculiar flavor of their meat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and market opportunity in creating chickens Angola as part of the poultry sector. Data collection took place during the year 2014 and mid-2015 in two cities in the state of Ceara (Maracanau and Cascavel), which stand out on the national scene, in the commercial and industrial exploitation of these birds. It was found that on reaching one hundred (100) days of age when they present at least 1.5 kg / bird is slaughtered, reaching an average of 3,000 Angolans slaughter chickens / month, the French lineage, being marketed Kg (in September / 2014) in the amount of RS 16.00. The consumer audience that appreciates more the flesh is the middle class. The entire production is sold in the Fortaleza Grande and neighboring municipalities, with the target audience, restaurants (70%), refrigerators (28%) and people who individually have already slaughtered birds, direct with producers (2%). It was observed that the small producer who receives 160 chicks at the end of each production batch, it may profit to R $ 400.00 / creation cycle with value received from R $ 2.50 / bird where you can earn up to R $ 800.00 / month when they are delivered two lots at no cost since all spending on food and health management is funded by the distributor producer. The exploitation of chickens Angola is characterized for being an economically viable activity, due to the rusticity of animals, minimizing the costs of health management and use of medications. The semi-intensive production system is the most suitable for business creation by enabling a higher quality life to the birds, prerequisite that allows a characteristic meat flavor, thus escaping the standards of chickens and hens in virtual confinement. The creation of chickens Angola proves feasible, due to its good acceptance by the market seeking more and more alternative and quality food, and ensuring diversification and extra income to production systems in the municipalities of Maracanau and Cascavel.
Kawabata, Celso Yoji. "Aproveitamento de cinzas da queima de resíduos agroindustriais na produção de compósitos fibrosos e concreto leve para a construção rural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-25032008-145859/.
Full textThis research examines the viability of the use of waste agro industrials ashes (sugar cane bagasse, poultry litter and rice husk) and mineral additives substitutes to Portland cement in the production of composite fiber and lightweight concrete. The ashes were obtained through controlled burns and milling waste, and had their chemical and physical characteristics analyzed. Besides the \"composite reference\" (0% substitution), the fiber composites were produced with levels of replacement of Portland cement, 10%, 15% and 20%, and lightweight concrete were produced with 10% of replacement. Were tested on physical and mechanical fiber composites and lightweight concrete. The results showed that the ashes of rice husk had pozolanic properties and can be used for the production of fiber composite and lightweight concrete. In the study with fiber composites, the results physical and mechanical mostly indicated that the rice husk ash showed the best results. As there had pozolanics properties, the ashes of sugar cane bagasse and poultry litter, even showing good results, can be used as \"micro-fillers\". In the study with lightweight concrete, the ash of rice husk is also presented as a better replacement for Portland cement by presenting the best results in tests.
Oga-Omenka, Charity. "Timely treatment initiation of free drug-resistant tuberculosis care in Nigeria? : a mixed methods study of patient experience, socio-demographic characteristics and health system factors." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25535.
Full textBackground: Detection and treatment coverage for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in Nigeria are persistently low despite the implementation of free diagnostic and treatment services since 2011. Nigeria has a high burden for tuberculosis, ranking 6th globally with 4.3% drug resistance in new, and 15% in retreatment cases. The World Health Organization classifies the country as a high burden for TB, DR-TB, and HIV, with a prevalence of 219 and 11 per 100,000 population for TB and DR-TB, and 1.28 per 1,000 population HIV. Without treatment, mortality from tuberculosis is approximately 70% within ten years, increasing with HIV co-infection and drug resistance - and decreasing to below 5% with treatment. DR-TB survival rates are lower, and treatment is longer, costlier, and more toxic; this may pose different challenges to both patients and health systems than is the case for drug-sensitive (DS-) TB. However, treatment response and survival are positively impacted by early detection and treatment initiation, ideally within four weeks of diagnosis, especially with HIV co-infection. Socio-demographic characteristics often interact in complex ways with systemic factors, to increase vulnerability and disadvantage – these interactions are particularly well examined through an equity of health access framework and could offer policy-relevant analyses and recommendations. This study explores patient and health system barriers and facilitators to diagnosis and treatment for DR-TB in Nigeria. Methods: This is a sequential transformative mixed-methods study. First, a mixed-methods systematic review identified barriers and facilitators affecting diagnosis and treatment for DR-TB in sub-Saharan Africa. A subsequent qualitative meta-synthesis was used to examine in more depth the patient, community, and health system barriers to TB care. The results of the systematic reviews were used to refine our conceptual framework and to guide the design and the analysis of the subsequent empirical study. The adapted conceptual framework is based on the Levesque framework for patient-centred healthcare access, which conceptualises access to care as having health system and patient dimensions. This study also included a retrospective cohort analysis of patients diagnosed in 2015 (n= 996 ) using National secondary data, and a DR-TB care cascade analysis of the period between 2013 and 2017. We used descriptive statistics, logistic regression and other tests of association to measure the relationship between variables categorical. The qualitative phase used a case study design to examine the dynamics of care from patients' perspectives (n= 86 participants, N= 7 focus group discussions (FGD), 5 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with diagnosed and untreated patients), their relatives (n= 19 participants, N= 1 FGD, 7 IDIs ), community members (n=23 in 2 FGDs), healthcare workers (n= 5 IDIs ), and program managers (n= 29 IDIs) in four States in Nigeria. We analysed our qualitative data using thematic analysis. Results: Our mixed methods systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis revealed barriers and facilitators to DR-TB care at the health system and patient levels. Health system laboratory and clinic operational issues, poor provider knowledge and attitudes and information management were some barriers. Facilitators included newer diagnostic tools, decentralisation of services and free cost of care. At the patient level, loss to follow-up before or during care due to negative public sector care perceptions, gender, family, work or school commitments and using private sector care were some barriers. Facilitators were HIV positivity, having more symptoms, and financial support. Our quantitative findings revealed some improvement but inadequate progress in diagnosis and treatment coverage in Nigeria between 2013 and 2017. Our cascade analysis showed significant dropouts between each stage of care, starting with testing and ending with treatment completion. On average, between 2013-2017, 80% of estimated cases did not access testing; 75% of those who test were not diagnosed; 36% of those diagnosed were not initiated on treatment and 23% of these did not finish treatment. In 2015, children and patients in Northern Nigeria had odds of 0.3 [95% CI 0.1-0.7] and 0.4 [0.3-0.5] of completing treatment once diagnosed; compared with adults and patients in Southern Nigeria; while males were shown to have a 1.34 [95% CI 1.0-1.7] times greater chance of completing treatment after diagnosis compared to females.. Geographic locations and levels of care were associated with ever receiving treatment and or timely treatment. Our qualitative data and document review identified barriers to care at individual, family, community, and health systems levels. Some patient socio-demographic groups had inequitable access. While patients were mostly treated equally at the facility level, some patients experienced more difficulty accessing care based on their gender, age, occupation, educational level and religion. Parental and spousal influences affected patients, particularly children, and women, and were sometimes barriers to care. Other factors that likely hampered access include the absence of considerations for patients’ access rights and protection in the treatment guidelines and workers manuals. Patients were mostly unaware of the causes of DR-TB disease and the availability of free care. Health worker numbers and training, clinic, and operational laboratory issues limited patients’ access at the health system level. The main facilitators to care included family support, patient financial support, and free treatment. Conclusions: Despite the provision of free DR-TB testing and treatment in Nigeria since 2011, coverage for diagnosis and treatment remain persistently low. Our literature review identified many of the same access factors affecting both DS-TB and DR-TB. However, DR-TB had peculiar challenges due to complexities in pre- treatment procedures, and in toxicities as a result of the medications themselves. This study was designed to investigate the access factors impacting DR-TB treatment initiation identified in literature. However, our findings showed that the biggest barriers to DR-TB care were essentially in access to testing and diagnosis, making any advances in diagnostic technology and treatment regimens of little benefit to DR-TB patients in Nigeria. Several patient and health system factors were shown to impede access to DR-TB care, particularly for certain groups of patients. Most DR-TB patients are not accessing testing and do not get diagnosed, often due to a lack of information. Also, DR-TB policies, structures and processes are not always equitable, especially for rural dwellers, children and women. Findings from our mixed methods study provided the additional insights needed by policymakers and implementing partners to address systemic disparities and provide more equitable services based on the population's needs. Eliminating barriers that negatively impact timely access to care should be an urgent priority for the TB program in Nigeria. In Nigeria's low case-finding and treatment coverage, interventions should target equity and ease of access, specifically for the barriers identified at the patient and health system levels.
Luís, Ana Rita Nero. "Fatores que condicionam a retenção nos cuidados de saúde das pessoas com infeção por VIH: revisão sistemática da literatura." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/22896.
Full textABSTRACT - Introduction: HIV infection continues to have high prevalence and incidence worldwide. In order to achieve better health outcomes and to ensure viral suppression, it is essential to maintain periodic and permanent health surveillance of infected persons, since their diagnosis. Objectives: To identify which factors affect positively and negatively retention in care for HIV infected people. Methods: A systematic review was conducted obtaining results in the B-On, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. The selected articles were published between 2011 and 2016, had observational methodology, were conducted in developed countries and analyzed the factors conditioning retention in care in the diagnosed HIV infected adult population. Results: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria, all cohort studies. According to the statistically significant results of the studies analyzed, the factors generally associated with retention in care were male sex, older ages, white ethnicity, men who have sex with men or treatment with cART. Non-retention in health care showed primarily an association with female sex, younger ages, black ethnicity and heterosexual or intravenous injection of drugs as transmission risk factors. Discussion/Conclusions: There is some consistency in the scientific evidence that certain demographic, social, and clinical characteristics influence retention in health care, thus allowing to identify risk groups and to differentiate care delivery to prevent losses to follow-up.
Carvalho, Maria Irene Lopes Bogalho de. "Os cuidados domiciliários em Instituições de Solidariedade Social no concelho de Cascais." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2364.
Full textThis research intends to analyse domiciliary care in institutions of solidarity from a set of recent developments: the increase not only of elderly dependents but also of the political actions towards them. It emphasizes home care as an emerging issue of politics, which articulates the social and health areas, public entities and private profit and nonprofit, formal and informal work, the dependent elderly and family caregivers. It aims to understand the extent to which this policy is set taking into account three aspects: the elderly dependent; institutions of solidarity with home care services and the intervention of social work practicioners as coordinators of those services. This study analysed the provision and practice in four institutions with the legal status of IPSS located in the municipality of Cascais. These IPSSs have organizational structures and different operating methods and strategic action guides, including the ability to negotiate with the state to create new resources and to promote the participation of customers, according to organizational degree of complexity. Services and home care of these institutions are among the maintenance / support, and the extension on substantive and diversity / innovation. The process of social work intervention is gerared to meet the needs of customers within the resouces available, through a service led perspective. Despite this trend, we were able to identify an institution more complex, innovative intervention processes in which the tendency is to create resources in accordance with identified needs (needs led perspective). These institutions are far more positioned to promote independence and quality in the elderly.
Petersen, Carl Jörg [Verfasser]. "Seismic characterization of marine gas hydrates and free gas at northern Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia margin / vorgelegt von Carl Jörg Petersen." 2004. http://d-nb.info/973612061/34.
Full text